Kunzwisisa Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo Dzehurumende: Vari Vani uye Zvavanoita

Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo Ndedzipi?

Masangano ekodzero dzevanhu anoshanda sevachengeti vakuru vekuenzana neruramisiro munzanga yazvino uno, achishanda asinganeti kudzivirira vanhu pakusarura uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti munhu ari wose anobatwa zvakanaka uye nenzira yakaenzana pasi pomutemo. Masangano aya ehurumende anoshanda muhurumende, hurumende, uye nzvimbo yomunzvimbomo, ari mumwe nomumwe achiita basa rakasiyana asi rakabatana mukuchengetedza kodzero dzinokosha dzinovimbiswa kuvagari vemo vose. Kunzwisisa kuti masangano aya anoshanda sei, masimba api avanawo, uye kuti angabatsira sei vanhu vanotarisana nokusarura kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kudzivirira kodzero dzavo dzevagari vemo kana kuti kutsigira vamwe mukuita kudaro.

Kudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu muUnited States kwakaoma uye kune zvakawanda, kubatanidza masangano akawanda ane miganhu inodzorwa neinowirirana. Kuvambira parusaruro rwebasa kusvikira kukusaenzana kwedzimba, kubvira pakuputswa kwekodzero dzokuvhota kusvikira kunhau dzokuwana dzidzo, masangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo anotaura zvinetso zvakawanda zvinotapura mamiriyoni eAmerica zuva riri rose. Masangano aya haangonzveri bedzi zvichemo nokushandisa mitemo asi anoshandawo nesimba kudzivisa rusaruro kupfurikidza nedzidzo, kukwira, uye kukura kwemiitiro.

Fambiro Mhando Yenhau Yekodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Kutangwa kwamasangano ekodzero dzevanhu muUnited States kwakabuda mumakumi amakore erwisano yokuenzana neruramisiro. Gadziriro yazvino uno yokuchengetwa kwekodzero dzavagari vemo yakavamba kuumbwa muma 1960, pashure pokuiswa kwomutemo wenhau kubatanidza Civil Rights Act ya1964, Voting Rights Act ya1965, uye Fair Howation Act ye 1968. Zviitwa izvi zvemitemo zvakaparira nheyo yapamutemo apo masangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo aizovakira mibato yawo yokudzika mutemo uye miitiro yokuongorora.

Pamberi peidzi nguva dzinoparadzwa, dziviriro dzavagari vemo dzakanga dzisingawirirani uye kazhinji kazhinji dzisingashandiswi zvakakwana. Kusikwa kwamasangano akazvitsaurira ane mirairo yakananga yokunzvera kunyunyuta kworusaruro ndokumanikidzira mitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo kwakaparira chinjo huru mukusvika kwakaita hurumende nhau dzokuenzana. Iyi gadziriro yakabvuma kuti kudzivirira kodzero dzavagari vemo kwaida zvinopfuura kungopa mitemo inoshanda, kuchengetwa kunopfuurira namasangano chaiwo ane unyanzvi nechiremera zvokuita kuti vapunzi vane mhaka.

Kushanduka - shanduka kwamasangano ekodzero dzevanhu kwakaenderera mberi kwemakumi emakore, mutemo mutsva uchiwedzera uremu hwavo nechiremera.American ine Urongwa Hwokurema hweUrema hwa1990, somuenzaniso, yakakudza murairo wamasangano anoverengeka wokubatanidza rusaruro rwevaremare.

Gadziriro Dzekodzero Dzevagari Vemo Dzakafemerwa: Kudzorwa Kwenyika

Masangano ekodzero dzevanhu anoumba musimboti wokuchengetedzwa kwekodzero dzevanhu muUnited States, achishandisa chiremera chinokosha chokuongorora kuputswa, kumanikidzwa, uye kutevera chiito chapamutemo mukurwisana nemiitiro yokupa mhosva. Masangano aya anoshanda munyika yose, achivimbisa kuti kudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzevanhu kunoshanda nguva dzose munyika dzose nenzvimbo. Basa rawo rinobatanidza nyaya dzakawanda, kubva pakusarura mabasa kusvika kukodzero dzokuwana pokuvhota, kubva pakuwana dzidzo kusvika pakudzivirira kunoitwa pavhota.

Basa Rokuwana Mabasa Akaenzana (EOC)

Aumement Obbestoction Opportunity Commission inomira sesangano guru rehurumende rine mutoro wokusimbisa mitemo inorwisana norusaruro rwebasa. Rakagadzwa neCivil Rights Act ya 1964, EEOC rine chiremera chokunzvera pomero dzorusaruro dzakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, vatano (kubatanidza kuva napamuviri, kuva murume, uye vatano), mavambo orudzi, zera (40 kana kuti kupfuura), urema, uye mashoko emavara okugara nhaka. Sangano rinofukidza vashandirwi vazhinjisa navashandiri vane 15 kana kuti vanopfuura, pamwe chete namasangano ebasa.

Kushanda kweEEOC kunovamba apo muitiro wokusasarura unotanga apo munhu mumwe nomumwe anonyora pomero yorusaruro, zvikurukuru mukati mamazuva 180 echiito chinonzi choupamhidzo (kana kuti mazuva 300 muhurumende nemasangano avo ebasa akavimbika). Kana pomero yangopiwa, EEOC inonzvera kuti ione kana pane chikonzero chine mufungo chokudavira rusaruro. Kunzvera uku kungabatanidza kunzvera magwaro, kubvunzurudza zvapupu, uye kushanyira nzvimbo yebasa. Kana EEOC ikaona chisakiso chine mufungo, inoedza kupedza pomero kupfurikidza nomuitiro unonzi kuvhotera. Kana chibvumirano chibvumirano chikakundikana, sangano ringaisa dare mudare romubatanidzwa kana kuti "ri rekunyoresa", richibvumira boka racho kunyoresa basa raro repamutemo.

Kupfuura kugadzirwa kwemari inopomerwa mumwe nomumwe, EEOC inopindawo mukunzvera kwemiitiro yetsika kana kuti miitiro yorusaruro inotapura vashandi vazhinji. Uku kunzvera kwakafara kunogona kuguma nenzvimbo dzinogarwa nemirau inobvumira izvo zvinochinja miitiro yebasa mumaindasitiri ose. Kozi yacho inopawo nhungamiro kuvashandirwi kupfurikidza negadziriro dzebetsero dzemibato, ichibetsera masangano kunzwisisa misengwa yawo pasi pemitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo uye inoshandisa mitemo inoshanda yekurwisana nekodzero dzehurumende.

Department of Justice Civil Rights

Department of Civil Rights Division yeRumbidzo yeRugare rweHurumende yeHurumende yeHurumende inochengetera kodzero dzevanhu, inopa murayiro wakafara unopfuura basa wokubatanidza dzimba, kodzero dzokuvhota, dzidzo, pokugara voruzhinji, uye miitiro yokuchengetera mitemo. Kupesana kwacho kunotonga nyaya dzinobatanidza kuputswa kwemitemo yehurumende uye mabasa kuti pave nechokwadi chokuti hurumende iyoyo nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinowirirana nezvinodikanwa zvebumbiro remitemo nokuda kwedziviriro yakaenzana pasi pomutemo.

Munzvimbo yedzimba, DOJ inomanikidzira Dare reFair House Act, iro rinorambidza rusaruro mumiitiro yedzimba ine chokuita nedzinza, ruvara, mavambo orudzi, rudzidziso, vatano, mugariro wevatano, uye urema. Boka rinonzvera mirangariro yokukweretesa upari, kutsaura, uye kuramba kuita pokugara zvine mufungo nokuda kwavanhu vane urema. Apo kuputsa kunogona kuwanwa, DOJ inogona kuronda kutsiva kuti awane mishonga yavananyajambwa uye ruyamuro rwokuvadziko kuti idzivise rusarurano.

Kodzero dzeboka rokuvhota dzinonanga pakuva nechokwadi chokuti vagari vose vakakodzera vanogona kutora rutivi mumuitiro wokuvhota pasina kutarisana nerusaruro kana kuti mhinganidzo dzisina kufanira. Ikoku kunobatanidza kusimbisa gadziriro dzeNational Voter Religious Act, Help America Vote Act, uye Finect and Overseas Citivegies Abbee Voing Act. DOJ inonzvera kusarudza, inohwirudzura chinjo kumiitiro yokuvhota mumitezo yakati, uye nhau dzeripo dzinobatanidza kuvhota, kutyisidzira, kana kuti miitiro yevhotera.

Mukuwedzera, Civil Rights Division inokurukura rusaruraganda mudzidzo, pokugara pehurumende, uye kukwanisa kuwana mabasa ehurumende. Masangano anodzika mitemo inoda kubvumirwa kwakaenzana kuitirwa zvivako zvehurumende nezvirongwa, anoongorora kunyunyuta kworusaruro nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo, uye anoshanda kubvisa miitiro youtongi mumasangano anowana mari. Boka racho rinotarisirawo nhamburiko dzamapurisa dzokuchinja kupfurikidza nemitemo uye kunzvera kwetsika kwemasangano emitemo anochengeta kodzero dzehurumende anopomerwa mhaka yokupunzi ndeye kodzero dzehurumende.

Department of Home and Urban Development (HUD)

Department of Home and Urban Development’s Office of Fair House and Aupplity Imbation inoita basa rinokosha mukurwisa rusaruro rwedzimba nokusimudzira miitiro yedzimba dzakarurama muUnited States yose. HUD inogamuchira ndokunzvera zvichemo zverusarurano rwedzimba, mufambiro wokuteerera, uye inogovera dzidzo nokusvika kuvose vari vaviri vagoveri vedzimba navatengi pamusoro pekodzero dzedzimba nemitoro zvakasarukira.

Apo vanhu vanodavira kuti vakawana rusaruro rwedzimba, vanogona kuisa nyunyuto neHID mukati megore rimwe rechinofungidzirwa kuva chiito chokupa mhaka. Vanzveri veHud ipapo vanonzvera kunyunyuta kuti vaone kana pane chikonzero chine mufungo chokudavira kuti rusaruro rwakaitika. Kana chisakiso chine mufungo chikawanwa, HUD inoedza kupedza nhau yacho kupfurikidza nokurangana. Kana kuwirirana kusingabudiriri, mhaka yacho ingapfuurira kukutonga pamberi pomutongi womutemo weHUD kana kuti kuendeswa kuBato roRuramisiro mudare rehurumende.

Hud inotungamirirawo gadziriro dzakarongedzerwa kubvumira kumwe kukura kwedzimba dzakanaka, inoda mativi anogamuchira mari dzedzimba dzehurumende kuti dziite zviito zvine revo kukurira mitoo yokutsauranisa nokusimudzira nzanga dzinobatanidza vanhu. Ikoku kunobatanidza kunzvera mhinganidzo dzekusarudza dzimba dzakarurama, kutanga gadziriro dzokuziva mhinganidzo, uye fambiro mberi inorongeka kukuparira misika yedzimba yakabatana zvikuru neinokwananwa.

Hofisi yeDhipatimendi Redzidzo Yekodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Department of Education’s Office yeReligion Rights inovimbisa kusvika kwakaenzana kwedzidzo uye inosimudzira zvakaisvonaka zvedzidzo kupfurikidza nokudzikamiswa kukuru kwemitemo yekodzero dzevanhu. Hofisi inonzvera kunyunyuta kworusaruro kwakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, mavambo enyika, vatano, urema, uye zera mupurogiramu uye mibato zvinogamuchira betsero yemari yehurumende kubva kuBato reDzidzidzo.

Basa reOCR rinobatanidza mhatsa huru yenhau dzekodzero dzevagari vemo, kubatanidza miitiro yokuranga kusarura, kusvika kusina kuenzana kwebasa repamusoro rekosi nepfuma yedzidzo, kunetswa mune zvevatano namasimba masimba, kusarura vana vane pamuviri navabereki, uye kukundikana kupa betsero dzakakodzera kuvadzidzi vane urema kana kuti vadzidzi vemutauro weChirungu. Mufambiro wekuteerera, kuongorora zvichemo, uye kugovera betsero yezvounyanzvi kumasangano edzidzo kuti avabetsere kunzwisisa ndokusvitsa misengwa yavo yekodzero dzavagari vemo.

Apo OCR inowana kuputswa kwemitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo, zvinoshanda namasangano edzidzo kuvamba zvibvumirano zvechisarudzo izvo zvinopedza rusaruro nokudzivisa kuputswa kwomunguva yemberi. Zvibvumirano izvi zvinowanzobatanidza misengwa chaiyo yokuchinja miitiro, kugovera rovedzo, kugovera mari nenzira yakasiana, kana kuti kuita mimwe miitiro yokururamisa. Kana sangano rikaramba kuwirirana nokuzvidira, OCR inogona kutanga miitiro yokudzika mutemo iyo pakupedzisira ingaguma nokubviswa kwemari yehurumende.

Dzimwe Kodzero Dzehurumende Dzavagari Vemo

Kupfuura aya masangano makuru, mamwe masangano akawanda ehurumende ane mitoro yekodzero dzevanhu munharaunda dzawo dzakati dzoutongi. Department of Labor’s Office of Federal Contract Compliance Programs inoita kuti zviratiso zvibvume nokuda kwevavaki vehurumende uye vatambi vakuru. Dhipatimendi rezvoutano neDhipatimendi reHumisvudzi reRudo yeChiviko rekodzero dzavanhu rine mabasa okutarisira utano uye mabasa avanhu. Dhipatimende reZokufambisa rinovimbisa kusachinja kwemibato mumabasa okufambisa uye zvirongwa. Federation Commis Community Arence Arences inokurukura mashoko mumiswo kubhadharo yezvokuro yezvokufambisa.

Rimwe nerimwe raaya masangano rinobetsera kugadziriro huru zvikuru yedziviriro yamaruramiro avagari vemo, richivimbisa kuti nheyo dzokusasarura nzanga dzinoshanda mumativi ose oupenyu hweAmerica.

Kumanikidzwa Kushanda Nekodzero Dzehurumende

Masangano ekodzero dzehurumende anobatira seshamwari dzinobatira mukuchengetwa kwemitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo, kazhinji kazhinji achigovera miitiro inosvikika zvikuru neinogamuchirika nokuda kwokubata rusaruro pamwero womunzvimbomo. Nyika zhinji dzakagadza mitemo yadzo dzimene yekodzero dzavagari vemo iyo inogovera dziviriro dzakaenzana kana kuti huru zvikuru kupfuura mutemo wehurumende, uye masangano ehurumende ane mutoro wokusimbisa gadziriro idzi. Masangano aya anoshanda kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji mutsinhirano namasangano ehurumende kupfurikidza nezvibvumirano zvebasa zvinovabvumira kunzvera pomero dzehurumende.

Masangano ehurumende anoratidza ruramisiro yemabasa, anowanzonzi masangano ekodzero dzevanhu kana kuti mapoka ekodzero dzevanhu, anotonga kunyunyuta kwemabasa pasi pomutemo wehurumende. Muhurumende, vanhu vanopa rusaruro rwemabasa runowanzopomerwa zvose zviri zviviri sangano rehurumende uye EEOC panguva imwe cheteyo kupfurikidza negadziriro inonzi mabumbiro maviri. Sangano rehurumende panguva ino ringaongorora kupomerwa pasi pomutemo wehurumende apo EOC inoramba kuongorora kwehurumende kwokutanga. Iyi gadziriro inobvumira masangano ehurumende kuti apedze kusarura nokudzivirira kwehurumende ichishandisa kodzero dzehurumende.

Mitemo yakawanda yekodzero dzevanhu inogovera dziviriro huru kupfuura mutemo wehurumende. Somuenzaniso, nepo mutemo wehurumende werusaruro rwebasa kazhinji kazhinji uchishanda bedzi kuvashandirwi vane 15 kana kuti kupfuura nokuda kwokusarura vakwegura, nyika zhinji dzinogadza zvikumbaridzo zvakaderera, kufukidza vashandirwi vaduku. Dzimwe nyika dzinodzivirirawo mamwe mapoka asingafukidzwi nomutemo wehurumende, zvakadai senzvimbo yeroorano, zvamatongerwe enyika, kana kuti nzvimbo sanyajambwa wamasimba masimba omumba. Idzi dziviriro dzakawedzerwa dzinoreva kuti masangano ehurumende anogona kukurukura zvimiro zverusaruro kunze kwehurumende.

Masangano ehurumende anoitawo mabasa anokosha mukugadza mitemo yedzimba dzakarurama, mitemo yepose pekugara, uye dzimwe dziviriro dzavagari vemo. Masangano edzimba akaenzana ehurumende anonzvera tsutsumwa dzedzimba uye anoshanda kusimudzira zvimiro zvedzimba zvakavhengana mukati memaruwa avo. Masangano aya kazhinji kazhinji ane betsero yokurovedzana zvikuru nemisika yedzimba yomunzvimbomo nenzanga, achiabvumira kugadziridza nhamburiko dzawo dzokusimbisa uye dzedzidzo kuti apedze zvinetso zvenharaunda dzakajeka.

Kodzero Dzevagari Vomunyika Dziri Kuitwa Nehurumende: Kudzivirirwa Kwenharaunda

Masangano ekodzero dzevagari vemo, kubatanidza masangano eguta nehurumende ekodzero dzevanhu, anopa mukana unosvikika zvikurusa wokuonana navanhu vakawanda vanosarurwa. Masangano aya anoshanda panzvimbo yehurumende kana kuti nyika, achikurukura nhau dzekodzero dzevanhu mumiganhu yawo chaiyo yenzvimbo. Ukama hwavo nenzanga dzavanoshumira hunovagonesa kuita chimwe chinhu nokukurumidza kunyunyuto uye kutanga kunzwisisa kukuru mitoo yorusaruro nedenho zvomunzvimbomo.

Masangano omunzvimbomo anowanzobata nhau dzakasiana - siana dzekodzero dzavagari vemo, kubatanidza kusarura mabasa, kusarura dzimba, rusaruro rwedzimba dzavose, uye rusaruro mugadziriro yemabasa emanisiparati. Maguta mazhinji nenhamba dzakaita mitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo izvo zvinogovera dziviriro dzomunzvimbomo kupfuura idzo dzinowanika pasi pehurumende kana kuti hurumende. Somuenzaniso, dzimwe nzvimbo dzakarambidza rusaruro rwakavakirwa pamanyuko emari, kuvimbisa kuti vagari vemo havagoni kuramba kurenda kuvanhu vanoshandisa nzvimbo dzokugara. Mamwe akaregerera vanhu vane kodzero dzevatano yevatano nekodzero dzevatano yevatano izvo zvakatangira nyika kana kuti dziviriro dzehurumende zvakafanana.

Muitiro wokunyunyuta pamasangano omunzvimbomo unoratidzira zvikurukuru uhwo hwemasangano ehurumende neomubatanidzwa asi ungava unodzokororwa zvikuru uye unosvikika. Masangano omunzvimbomo kazhinji kazhinji anosimbisa kuyananiswa nokuyananisa, achitsvaka kupedza nharo kupfurikidza nekurukurirano yakapfava pakati pamapoka panzvimbo pekunzvera kwakarongwa nejekedzo. Uku kuita kunogona kutungamirira kuzvisarudzo zvinokurumidza ndokuchengeta ukama mukati menzanga, kunyange zvazvo kunzvera kwakarongwa uye miitiro yokuchengeta zvichiramba zvichiwanika apo kunodikanwa.

Masangano omunharaunda anopindawo zvikuru mudzidzo yenzanga nokuwana dzidzo, kuitisa mapurogiramu okurovedza, kuparadzira zvinhu zvokushandisa, uye kutora rutivi muzviitiko zvomunzanga kuti azivise nezvokudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzevanhu. Nzira yakavakirwa panzanga inoabvumira kuvaka chivimbo nevagari vomunyika uye kuzvisimbisa sezvinhu zvinowanika kuvanhu vangatyisidzirwa netarisiro yokutsvaka kunyunyuta nemasangano ehurumende ari kure.

Mabasa eCore uye Simba Rekodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Kunzwisisa mabasa aya anobatsira vanhu uye masangano anochengetedza kodzero dzevanhu uye anoonga kuti masangano aya anoshandisa nzira dzakadzama kudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu kuti adzivirire kodzero dzevanhu.

Kuongorora Nokufambira Mberi

Kunzverwa kwezvichemo zvorusaruro kunomirira zvichida basa rinooneka zvikurusa nerinokosha ramasangano ekodzero dzevanhu.Apo munhu mumwe nomumwe anonyora nyunyuto inopa rusarura, masangano anotanga muitiro woufeyafeyafeya wakarongedzerwa kuunganidza maidi, kuyera kuvimbika, uye kuona kana ufakazi huchitsigira kuwanwa kworusaruro. Uyu muitiro unobatanidza zvikurukuru kukumbira mhinduro dzakanyorwa nezvinyorwa kusangano rinopomerwa, kubvunzurudza zvapupu, kuhwirudzura mitemo nemiitiro, uye kunzvera mashoko ezvirongwa kana zvakakodzera.

Vanzveri vanoshandiswa namasangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo vane rovedzo chaiyo mumutemo wekodzero dzavagari vemo, unyanzvi hwokunzvera, uye zvimiro zvakati zvorusaruro mukati mesimba resangano ravo. Vanosvika nzvero nokusasarura, vachitsvaka kuwana zvokwadi panzvimbo pokutsigira boka rimwe nerimwe. Muitiro wokunzvera unogona kutora mwedzi inoverengeka kana kuti kunyange makore, zvichitsamira pakuoma kwenhau nenhau yesangano.

Pakupedza kunzvera, masangano anoita zvisarudzo pamusoro pechisakiso chine mufungo chokuti chiripo kudavira kuti rusaruro ruripo here chakaitika. Kana chisakiso chine mufungo chikawanwa, masangano anoedza chaizvoizvo kupedza nhau kupfurikidza nekurukurirano dzokugadzikisa kana kuti kuwirirana. Kana pasina chisakiso chine mufungo chinowanwa, nyunyuto inobviswa, kunyange zvazvo mapoka anoraira kazhinji kazhinji achichengeta maruramiro okuronda chiito chapamutemo chakavanzika. Kusanonzvera kwakakwana uye kuvimbika kwamasangano kunoda zvikuru kuchengeta chivimbo chavose mugadziriro yokuchengetwa kwekodzero dzavagari vemo.

Kumanikidzwa Nokunyengerwa

Apo kuzviisa pasi kwokuzvidira kusingagoni kuitwa, masangano ekodzero dzevanhu ane masimba okutarisira anozvibvumira kumanikidza kuwirirana nemitemo yekodzero dzevanhu. Masangano eFederal akadai seEOC neDhipatimendi reRuramisiro anogona kuisa mhaka mudare rehurumende richitsvaka mishonga nokuda kwavanyajambwa vanosarura uye rusununguko rwokudzivisa kuputswa kweramangwana. Uku kupara mhosva kunogona kuguma nokubhadharwa kwemari, kubatanidza kubhadharwa, kubhadharwa, kubhadharwa kwapaza, uye mitero yegwetaro, pamwe chete nemirayiro yedare inoda chinjo kumiitiro yeparamendemu.

Mamwe masangano anewo miitiro yokutarisira inoabvumira kutsiva mhaka pasina kuenda kudare rehurumende.Hud, somuenzaniso, inogona kunongedzera nhau kuvatongi vomutemo wehurumende vanoitisa kutonga ndokupa zvisarudzo zvinomanikidzirwa mudare rehurumende. Hurumende namasangano omunzvimbomo zvingava nemiitiro yakafanana yokushandisa kupfurikidza nechisarudzo chehurumende, zvichigovera dzimwe nzira dzokutsiva kurusando rwegamuchidzanwa runogona kuva runokurumidza uye rusingadhuri.

Simba rokudzikamisa ramasangano ekodzero dzevanhu rinobatira zvose zviri zviviri zvinangwa zvokugadzirisa uye zvokudzivisa.

Kufambira Mberi Kwemitemo uye Nhungamiro

Masangano ekodzero dzevanhu anoita mabasa anokosha mukududzira mitemo yekodzero dzevanhu uye kupa nhungamiro kumasangano anotungamirirwa pamusoro pemisengwa yawo.

Iri basa renhungamiro rinokosha zvikurukuru rinopiwa kuoma nokuchinja kwomutemo wekodzero dzavagari vemo. Sezvo zvimiro zvitsva zverusaruro zvinobuda uye matare anopa zvisarudzo zvitsva zvinodudzira mitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo, masangano anosimudzira nhungamiro yawo kuti aratidzire mipimo yazvino yemitemo nemiitiro yakanakisisa. Somuenzaniso, EEOC akabudisa nhungamiro huru pamisoro yakabva parusaruraganda rwenhumbu kusvikira kukushandiswa kwouchenjeri hwokuzviitira muzvisarudzo zvebasa, achibetsera vashandirwi kunzvera nzvimbo yapamutemo yakaoma.

Mitemo inobatikanawo mumiitiro yokugadza mitemo inobatanidza iyo inoshandisa mitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo. Iyi mirau ine simba romutemo uye inogovera zvinodikanwa zvine udzame izvo zvinowedzera mirairo hurusa yemitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo. Muitiro wokutonga unobatanidza kazhinji kazhinji ziviso yavose netsinhiro, uchibvumira vachengeti vemirayiro inokarakadzwa vasati vapedziswa.

Dzidzo Nokuchinja

Kudzivisa rusaruro kusati kwaitika chinhu chikuru nokuda kwamasangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo, uye dzidzo uye mapurogiramu okuwana pamutemo zvinobatira iri basa rinodzivirira. Zvirongwa zvokurovedza vashandirwi, vagoveri vedzimba, vadzidzisi, uye mamwe masangano anofukidza, zvichivadzidzisa nezvemisengwa yavo yekodzero dzevagari vemo uye unyanzvi hunoshanda hwokudzivisa rusaruro. Zvirongwa izvi zvokurovedza zvinofukidza misoro yakadai sokuziva nokusasarura kwakakwana, kuronga kubhadharwa nokukwidziridza, kugovera pokugara kwakafanira, uye kupindura zvakafanira kunyunyuto dzorusaruro.

Zvirongwa zvedzidzo yavose zvinobudisa mabhurocha, mavhidhiyo, mawebsite, nezvimwe zvinhu zvinotsanangura kudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzevanhu mumutauro unowanika. Zvinobatanidzwa muzviitiko zvenzanga, kutaura pamisangano, uye kubatanidzwa nezvinobudisa nhau kuti zvikudziridze vanhu nezvekodzero dzavo. Kuda kuita izvi kunokosha zvikuru kuti vanhu vanenge vasingazivi kodzero dzavo kana kuti vangazeza kudzishandisa.

Masangano akawanda anoshandisawo zvirongwa zvokubatsira zvinopa nhungamiro kumasangano anotsvaka kuvandudza kuzviisa pasi kwawo. Zvirongwa izvi zvingabatanidza kubvunza kwapachivande, kuongorora masangano, uye kubatsira kupfurikidza nokutanga mapurogiramu anorwisa tsvete. Kupfurikidza nokubetsera masangano kuti agadzirise nhau dzinobvira dzekodzero dzevanhu, mapurogiramu ebetsero dzezvounyanzvi anoderedza bviro yokuputsa uye tsika dzinosimudzira dzokuva pamwe chete.

Kuunganidzwa Kwemashoko uye Kutsvakurudza

Masangano ekodzero dzevanhu anounganidza uye anoongorora mashoko okuziva nzira dzokusarurana, anoongorora kubudirira kwenhamburiko dzokuita kuti vanhu varambe vachitarisirwa, uye anoita zvisarudzo zvemitemo yokuzivisa.

Mashoko aya anobatsira pamabasa akawanda. Anobatsira masangano kuti azive kuti vanhu vari kupi nokupi nokuratidza nzvimbo dzakapararira rusaruro. Anopa uchapupu hwekuongorora kwakarongwa uye zviitiko zvemashandiro etsika. Anozivisa kutanga kwenhungamiro nemirau nokubudisa nyaya dzinowedzera kusarurana.

Nzvero inoitwa namasangano ekodzero dzevanhu inowedzerawo kunzwisisa rusaruro uye kupindira kunobudirira.Masangano anonzvera anoona nezvenhau dzakadai sokuedza basa, kuganhurirwa kwedzimba, uye kusawirirana kwedzidzo, zvinopa ufakazi hunozivisa zvose zviri zviviri basa ravo vamene nekurukurirano huru dzemitemo. Iri basa rokunzvera rinoisa masangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo savatungamiriri vanofungwa munhamburiko inopfuurira yokuwana ruramisiro.

Kubatsira Kunoita Vane Tsika Dzine Kodzero Dzehurumende

Kunzwisisa kutsigira kunowanika kunobatsira vanhu vanowanzova nedambudziko rakaoma uye rinotyisa rokusimbisa kodzero dzavo.

Betsero Inonyunyuta

Masangano ekodzero dzevagari vemo anogovera rubatsiro negadziriro yokunyunyuta, anobatsira vanhu kunzwisisa kuti mashoko api anofanira kubatanidzwa, kuti zvii zvinofanira kushandiswa, uye kuti mapepa api anofanira kupiwa. Mamwe masangano anopa kubvunzurudzwa kunoitwa apo nhengo dzevashandi dzinoongorora kana zvakaitika kwavari zvichibatsira kusarurana uye kuvatungamirira kupfurikidza nechimiro chokunyunyuta.

Iyi yamuro inokosha zvikurukuru nemhaka yokuti kunyunyuta kwamaruramiro avagari vemo kunofanira kuchengetwa mukati memiganhu yenguva yakaoma. Nokuda kwepomero dzeEEOC, nguva inowanzova mazuva 180 kubva muchiito chokusasarura (kana kuti mazuva 300 muhurumende namasangano emiitiro yebasa yakarurama). Kushaikwa kweiyi ganhuriro kunogona kuguma nokurasikirwa kwechigarire kwekodzero dzapamutemo, kuita kuti kunyunyuta kuve kwakakodzera uye kwakarurama kunokosha. Vashandi vekambani vanogona kubetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti kunyunyuta kunoiswa zvakanaka uye panguva, kuchengetedza mano avanyajambwa okutsvaka mishonga.

Masangano Okutsvakurudza

Kana chinyunyuto changoitwa, kunzvera kwesangano racho kunopa vanyajambwa mutoo usina ukoshi wokukudziridza ufakazi hworusaruro. Vaongorori veAgency vanoshandisa simba ravo duku repopo neunyanzvi hwokunzvera kuunganidza mashoko ayo vanyajambwa vamwe navamwe vangatamburira kuwana vari voga. Vanogona kumanikidza vashandirwi, varidzi vedzimba, kana kuti vamwe vabvunzurudzi kuti vabudise magwaro, vanopa chipupuriro, uye vanopindura mibvunzo ine udzame pamusoro pemiitiro yavo nemiitiro.

Muitiro wokunzvera unogoverawo kunzvera kwapachokwadi kwezvisakiso zvokunyunyuta. Nepo uku kunzvera kusati kuchiwanzotendera mutengi anobhadharira, kunopa mashoko anokosha pamusoro pesimba renhau yacho uye bviro yebudiriro mukutaura. Kuwanwa kwechisakiso chine mufungo nesangano kunogona kusimbisa chimiro chanyajambwa uye kungakurudzira kugamuchidzwa. Kunyange apo masangano anenge asingawani chisakiso chine mufungo, kunzvera kungawadzanyura mashoko anobetsera murondedzero yapachivande.

Kugadzirisa uye Kubatsirana

Masangano ekodzero dzevanhu anopa kuyananisa uye kuyananisa mamiriro ezvinhu akagadzirirwa kupedza makakatanwa orusaruro pasina nguva nendyiko. Kuyananisa muitiro wokuzvidira umo murevereri asingatori rutivi anoyamura kukurukurirana pakati pemapati, achiabetsera kusvika chisarudzo chinogamuchirika. Masangano akawanda anopa mhinduro pakuvamba mumuitiro wokunyunyuta, kuongorora kwakazara kusati kwaitwa, kuchibvumira mapoka kupedza nharo nokukurumidza apo anochengetedza ukama.

Kubatana kunoitika pashure pokunge sangano rawana chikonzero chine mufungo chokudavira kuti rusaruro rwakaitika.Mukukurukurirana, vashandi vesangano vanoshanda namativi ose ari maviri kukurukura kugadzikiswa kwokuti kusarurana nokudzivisa kuputswa kwomunguva yemberi. Migariro inosvikwa kupfurikidza nokubatanidzwa inogona kubatanidza mhindu yemari, chinjo dzemitemo, zvinodikanwa zvokurovedza, uye zvimwe zvokuyamura zvinowirirana nemigariro yakati yenhau yacho.

Iyi miitiro yegadziro yegakava inotsiva inopa betsero dzinoverengeka kupfuura kupfuudza. Yakanyanyokurumidza uye isati iri yedzoresa funganyo yamativi ose. Vanobvumira mishonga yokugadzira ingasawanika kupfurikidza nerutongeso rwedare. Uye vanochengeta zvakavanzika, izvo zvingava zvinokosha kuna vose vari vaviri vanyajambwa uye vabvunzurudzi. Vanyajambwa vasina mari yokuripira magweta epachivande, miitiro yokugarwa kwesangano ingamirira mukana wavo wakanakisisa wokuwana yamuro ine revo.

Kumirira Kwepamutemo

Muzviitiko zvinenge zvasarudzwa, mamwe masangano ekodzero dzevanhu anopa mimiririri yapamutemo yakananga kuvanyajambwa vorusaruro. Somuenzaniso, EOC inopa mhosva dzemhosva dzevapomerwi mumhaka dzenhau dzinokosha dzemitemo kana kuti kufarirwa nevoruzhinji. Department of Justice rinopawo mhosva dzevanyajambwa vorusaruro mudzimba, kodzero dzokuvhota, nedzimwe nzvimbo dziri pasi payo.

Kunyange apo masangano asingagoveri mufananidzo wakananga, angapa "maruramiro okukwidza" tsamba dzinobvumira vanyajambwa kuronda mhaka dzakavanzika. Tsamba idzi kazhinji kazhinji ndidzo zvinodikanwa zviri madikanwa kuisa mhaka dzorusaruro mudare rehurumende. Mamwe masangano anogoverawo kunongedzera kumagweta akavanzika kana kuti masangano eyamuro apamutemo ayo anogona kumirira vanyajambwa munhau dzekodzero dzavagari vemo.

Mashoko Nezviwanikwa

Masangano anoongorora kodzero dzevanhu anobatsira vanhu vanosarurwa kuti vanzwisise kodzero dzavo uye zvavanoda.

Masangano anogadzirawo zvinyorwa zvinotsanangura dziviriro dzekodzero dzevagari vemo mumativi akapoteredza chaiwo, zvakadai sorusaruro rwenhumbu munzvimbo yebasa, pokugara vanoremara mudzimba, kana kuti kuwanikwa kwomutauro mudzidzo. Izvi zvinowanzowanika mumitauro yakawanda nemichina inowanika, achivimbisa kuti mashoko anosvika munzanga dzakasiyana - siyana. Kuvanhu vakawanda vanosarurana, zvikurukuru avo vasingagoni kubhadhara magweta, zvinhu izvi zvinogovera nhungamiro inokosha yokufambisa gadziriro yekodzero dzevanhu.

Mapoka Anodzivirirwa uye Marudzi Orusaruro

Kunzwisisa mapoka aya akadzivirirwa uye marudzi orusaruro runorambidzwa nomutemo zvinokosha kuziva apo kuputswa kwekodzero dzevanhu kunoitwa uye apo rubatsiro rwemasangano rungawanika.

Rusarura Rudzi

Rusaruraganda rwakavakirwa padzinza neruvara rwakarambidzwa nomutemo wehurumende chifo cha 1964 uye runoramba rwuri musimboti wemasangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo. Rusaruro rwedzinza runobatanidza kubata vanhu zvisina kufanira nemhaka yedzinza ravo kana kuti mavara akabatana nedzinza, zvakadai seruvara rweganda, kana kuti chitarisiko chechiso. Ruvara runobatanidza kubata mumwe munhu zvisina kufanira nemhaka yeruvara rweganda ravo kana kuti chitarisiko, kunyange apo mudiscriminator nanyajambwa anogoverana rudzi rumwe cheterwo.

Masangano ekodzero dzevanhu anotaura kusarurana kwemarudzi mumabasa, mudzimba, mudzidzo, uye mabasa ehurumende.Awa haangobatanidzi kusarura kwakakomba, zvakadai sokuramba kuhaya vakwiridzi vanokwanisa nemhaka yedzinza ravo, asiwo zvimiro zvamanomano zvikuru zvakadai sokuendesa vanotenga zvinhu pamusha kunharaunda dzakati dzakavakirwa padzinza, kushandisa mitemo yechirango ine utsinye zvikuru kuvadzidzi vemarudzi akati, kana kuti kushandisa mipimo yokusarudza iyo inosiyanisa zvikuru vanhu vashoma vedzinza pasina maruramiro ebhizimisi.

Vatano Norusaruro Rwomudzinza

Matare eFederal nemasangano anowedzera kuziva kuti rusaruro rwevatano runobatanidza rusarurano rwakawanda runobva pavatano, kubatanidza rusaruro rwakavakirwa pamimba, kubereka, uye migariro yezveutano ine chokuita nayo.

Kunetswa muvatano kunomirira rudzi rwakanyanya rwakapararira rwekusarura vatano. Masangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo anoongorora zvichemo zvezvose zviri zviviri zvinoshumwa, uko betsero dzebasa dzinoiswa panyasha dzevatano, uye kunetswa kwemhoteredzo kwakaipa, uko mufambiro wevatano usingagamuchiriki unoparira mhoteredzo inotyisa kana kuti inogumbura.

Rusaruro Rwechitendero

Masangano ekodzero dzevanhu anogadza mitemo inoda vashandirwi nemamwe masangano ane kodzero kuti awirirane nenzira ine mufungo nemiitiro yorudzidziso kutoti kuita kudaro kwaizoparira chinetso chisina kufanira.Izvi zvingabatanidza kupfeka nokutsvinda kworudzidziso, kupa nguva yokuchengeta mhemberero dzorudzidziso, kana kuti kubvumira munyengetero kuputsika mukati mezuva rezuva.

Izvi zvinosanganisira kudzivirira vanhu vanosarurwa nemhaka yokuti vanopinda chechi yeMuslim, yechiJudha, yeChiHindu, yeSikh, kana kuti yerimwe boka rezvitendero.

Rusarura Runobva Kurudzi

Rusaruro rwamavambo orudzi runobatanidza kubata vanhu nenzira isina kunaka nemhaka yenyika yavo yakabva, dzinza, dzinza, mataurire, kana kuti nemhaka yokuti vanoratidzika kuva vedzinza rakati. Masangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo anotaura rusarurano rwamavambo enyika yose mumativi ose omutemo wekodzero dzavagari vemo, kubatanidza basa, pokugara, uye dzidzo. Iyi dziviriro inotambanukira kuvanhu pasinei zvapo nevagari vemo kana kuti nzvimbo yokutamira munyika, kunyange zvazvo mabasa anodzivirira ane zvinodikanwa zvougari hwemo.

Rusarura mitauro runowanzobatana nerusaruro rworudzi. Nepo mitemo yeEngland bedzi ingabvumirwa mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, masangano anoongorora miitiro yakadaro kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti inoruramiswa nokudikanwa kwebhizimisi uye haashandiswi sepembedzo yokusarura nyika. Zvirongwa zvinomanikidzawo kuti vanhu vane unyanzvi hushoma hwechiNgezi vakwanise kuwana mabasa anokosha nemapurogiramu.

Rusaruro Rwezera

Age Trust in Account Act inodzivirira vanhu vane makore 40 ezera kana kuti vakura pakusarura mabasa pahwaro hwezera. EEOC inomanikidzira mutemo uyu, ichinzvera nyunyuto dzezera mukurovha, kupfura, kukwidzirwa, muripo, uye mamwe mamiriro ebasa. Rusaruro rwezera runogona kuva rwakanyengera, ruchiratidzira muzvinodiwa nokuda kwe "vagari vemo vachangobva kufunda," kana kuti tsinhiro pamusoro pokuva vashandi vakura vasingakwanisi kuwirirana neruzivo rutsva.

Masangano ekodzero dzevanhu anoziva kuti rusaruro rwezera kazhinji kazhinji runobatanidza nedzimwe zvimiro zvorusaruro.Vakadzi vakura, somuenzaniso, vangatarisana nerusaruro rwakavakirwa pazvose zviri zviviri zera ravo nevatano.

Kusasarura

Rusaruro runosanganisira kubata vanhu vanokwanisa zvisina kunaka nemhaka yokuremara kwavo. American ane Culgable Act, inomanikidzwa neEEOC, Department of Justice, uye mamwe masangano, inorambidza rusaruro rwevaremaremu mumabasa, pokugara, zvokufambisa, uye mabasa ehurumende.

Rutivi rukuru rworusaruro rwevaremare chinodikanwa kupa pokugara pakafanira kana kuti gadziridzo dzinogonesa vanhu vane urema kuti vafarikanye mikana yakaenzana. Mubasa, izvi zvingabatanidza marongedzerwo ebasa akachinjwa, unyanzvi hwokubatsira, kana kuti mabasa okugadziridza basa. Mudzimba, zvinosanganisira kubvumira mhuka kuti dzishandiswe kana kuti kugadziridza mibatanidzwa. Mudzimba dzavose, zvinoda kubvisa miganhu yechivakwa uye kugovera yamuro nebetsero dzebetsero.

Masangano ekodzero dzevanhu anoongorora zvichemo zvinobatanidza kukundikana kugovera pokugara pakafanira, zvivako zvisingasvikiki namapurogiramu, kuongorora uori, uye kunetswa kwakavakirwa paurema. Anotaurawo pamusoro porusaruro rwakavakirwa pasonganiro yomunhu mumwe munhu ane urema, zvakadai sokuramba kupinza mumwe munhu basa nemhaka yokuti ane urema.

Kusasarura Mashoko Avanoberekwa Nawo

Gene Information Nondicrimination Act inorambidza rusaruro runobva pamashoko emavara okugara nhaka mumabasa uye muinishuwarenzi youtano. Mashoko emavara okugara nhaka anobatanidza mashoko pamusoro penzvero dzemavara okugara nhaka dzomunhu, kuedzwa kwemavara okugara nhaka emitezo yemhuri, uye nhau yezvokurapa kwemhuri. EEOC inomanikidzira gadziriro dzebasa romutemo uyu, ichivimbisa kuti vashandirwi havashandisi mashoko emavara okugara nhaka pakuroja, kupfura, kukwidziridza, kana kuti zvimwe zvisarudzo zvebasa, uye kuti havakumbiri, kana kuti havakumbiri, kana kuti kutenga mashoko emavara okugara nhaka pamusoro pomusha kana kuti vakumbirwi.

Mamwe Makirasi Akadzivirirwa Mumutemo Wehurumende uye Womunzvimbomo

Mitemo yakawanda yehurumende neyomunzvimbomo yekodzero dzevanhu inodzivirira mamwe mapoka kupfuura ayo anofukidzwa nomutemo wehurumende. Makirasi akakotsekana akadzivirirwa anobatanidza mugariro weroorano, wirirano yezvamatongerwe enyika, nzvimbo yehondo kana kuti yakabudirira, manyuko emari, uye nzvimbo sanyajambwa wamasimba masimba omumba. Mamwe mativi anodzivirirawo zvakajeka kuzivikanwa kwevarume nevatano munzvimbo umo kungava kusina chokwadi. Hurumende namasangano omunzvimbomo anosungirira idzi dziviriro dzakakura, kuchigovera kupiwa kwamaruramiro ehurumende kupfuura mutemo wenyika woga.

Muitiro Wokunyunyuta: Kubva Pakushinga Kuenda Kuchisarudzo

Kunyange zvazvo nzira dzakananga dzichisiyana pakati pemasangano, vakawanda vanotevera nzira dzakafanana dzinobatanidza kudya, kuongorora, kutsunga, uye kutsunga.

Kubvunza Kwokutanga Nokutora

Muitiro wenyunyuto unotanga zvikurukuru nokunzvera kwokutanga kana kuti kubvunzurudzwa. Mukati moiyi nhano, vashandi vesangano vanounganidza mashoko makuru pamusoro perusaruro runonzi rwakabatanidzwa, kubatanidza aibatanidzwa, chakaitika, apo kwakaitika, uye kuti boka rakadzivirirwa riri papi. Mitezo inonzvera kana nyunyuto yacho iri musimba resangano uye kana yakaiswa mukati ganhuriro dzenguva dzinoshanda.

Iyi nhano yokutanga inoshanda basa rinokosha rokunzvera, ichibetsera masangano kuziva zvichemo izvo zvinoraira kunzvera kwakazara nokugovera mashoko kuvanhu vane nyunyuto dzinokundikana kunze kwesangano. Mushandi angatsanangura dzimwe mishonga kana kuti kunongedzera vanhu kumamwe masangano kana kuti zvishandiso apo zvinenge zvakakodzera. Kunyunyuta kunopfuurira, muitiro wokudya unoguma nokunyorwa kwechirongwa chepomero kana kuti kunyunyuta uko kunovamba muitiro wekunzvera wesangano.

Zivisa uye Kupindura

Pashure pokunge nyunyuto yakwidzwa, sangano racho rinozivisa mupinduri (mupoka anopomerwa rusaruro) uye rinopa banza rokupindura. Mupinduri anofanira kuisa mhinduro yakanyorwa achipindura pomero nokugovera magwaro akakodzera. Iyi mhinduro, inonzi chibvumirano chenzvimbo mufemuro yeEEOC, inopa shanduro yezviito nedziviriro dzapamutemo.

Mutevedzeri anopomera anowanzogamuchira kopi yenzvimbo yomupinduri (nemashoko akavanzika akajeka) uye ane banza rokupindura. Uku kutsinhana kwamashoko kunobetsera kuronga nhau nokuda kwokunzvera uye kungazivisa nharaunda dzebvumirano kana kuti gakava iro rinotungamirira ngwariro yomunzveri.

Nzvero

Chikamu chokuongorora chinobatanidza kuunganidza nokuongorora ufakazi kuti vaone kana rusaruro rwakaitika. Vazvinabhizimisi vangakumbira magwaro okuwedzera, kubvunzurudza zvapupu, kushanyira nzvimbo dzinodavirwa, uye kuhwirudzura miitiro yakakodzera. Vanoongorora uchapupu hwokuona kana hunotsigira kupomera kwerusaruro, vachirangarira ufakazi hwose hwakananga hwevavariro yokusarura uye ufakazi hwezvimwe zvinhu zvingapa ratidziro dzorusaruro.

Nguva yokuongorora inosiyana zvikuru zvichitsamira pazvakaoma kunzwisisa uye zviwanikwa zvemasangano. Zviitiko zviri nyore zvingapedzwa mumwedzi mishomanana, nepo zviitiko zvakaoma zvinosanganisira vanyunyuti vakawanda kana kuti nhau dzegadziriro yezvinhu zvingatora gore kana kuti kupfuura. Panenge pachiongororwa, vose vangakumbirwa kupa mamwe mashoko kana kuti kujekeswa sezvo nhau itsva dzinobuda.

Kutsunga

Pakupedza kunzvera, sangano racho rinoita chisarudzo pamusoro pokuti pane chikonzero chine mufungo chokudavira kuti rusaruro rwakaitika here.Chisakiso chinowana chinoreva ufakazi hunotsigira pomero dzacho uye chinokarakadza kuputswa kwomutemo wekodzero dzavagari vemo. Chisakiso hachisati chichireva ufakazi hunotsigira pomero dzacho kana kuti hachisati chiri chakakwana kusimbisa kupunzwa.

Zvisarudzo izvi zvakavakirwa paufakazi hwakaunganidzwa mukati monzvero nemipimo yapamutemo inoshanda.

Ganhuriro Nenzvimbo

Kana sangano rikawana chisakiso chine mufungo, kazhinji kazhinji rinoedza kupedza nhau kupfurikidza nokutaurirana kana kuti kugadzikisa. vashandi veAgency vanoyamura kurukurirano pakati pebato, vachitsvaka kusvika chibvumirano chokuti kupedza rusaruro nokudzivisa kuputswa kwomunguva yemberi. Migariro ingabatanidza muripo wemari nokuda kwomunyunyuti, chinjo dzemitemo, zvinodikanwa zvokurovedza, gadziriro dzokutarisira, uye kumwe kuyamura.

Zvibvumirano izvi zvinowanzova zvibvumirano zvinosungirwa, uye masangano angatarisira kuwirirana kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti vabvunzurudzwa vaita zvavakavimbisa. Kana kurangana kusingabudiriri, sangano racho rinofanira kusarudza kana richifanira kutevera kuchengetwa kupfurikidza nokumanikidzwa kana kuti zviitiko zvokutarisira.

Kunyepera Kana Kuti Kodzero Kuna Sue

Apo kurangana kunokundikana, masangano angaronga kukwirira mhaka kana kuti kutanga miitiro yokutonga kuti itsigire mitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo. EEOC, somuenzaniso, ingafanira mudare rehurumende kutsvaka nyaradzo nokuda kwebato rinopo mhaka nevamwe vanhu vanotapurwa. Department of Justice nenzira yakafanana inoita kuti mhaka dzekodzero dzevagari vemo mudare rehurumende. Mamwe masangano, kufanana naHUD, anganongedzera mhaka kuvatongi vehurumende nokuda kwokutongwa.

Muzvinoitika zvakawanda, zvisinei, masangano anopa "maruramiro okukwidza" tsamba dzinobvumira vanyunyuti kuronda rondedzero dzakavanzika. Tsamba idzi dzinobudiswa apo masangano anoramba kutsanangura nhau idzo amene, apo nzvero dzinosapedzwa mugadziriro dzenguva dzemitemo, kana kuti apo vanonyunyuta vanodzikumbira. Kunyorwa kwekodzero yokukwidza tsamba kunotanga chaizvoizvo nhambo pfupi (kazhinji kazhinji mazuva 90) umo munyunyuti anofanira kunyora dare kana achida kutevera kutaura kwavo.

Zvinetso Zvinotarisana Nekodzero Dzehurumende

Kunzwisisa matambudziko aya kunoita kuti tikwanise kuongorora kuti sangano rinoita sei uye kuti pave nokufambira mberi kwekodzero dzevanhu.

Kupindwa Muzvinhu Nezvinotsigirwa Nezvinhu

Masangano akawanda ekodzero dzevanhu anoshanda nezvinhu zviduku zvisingakwaniswi kusvitsa kudikanwa kwemabasa awo. Somuenzaniso, EEOC inogamuchira makumi ezviuru zvemhosva dzorusaruro gore negore asi yakaona mari yayo nemwero yavashandi zvichiramba zviri zvishoma kana kuti kunyange kuderera mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya. Uku kushaikwa kwezvinhu kunoparira mhaka huru, navamwe vanyunyuti vanomirira mwedzi kana kuti makore kuti mhaka dzavo dzinzverwe.

Masangano anomanikidzira kuisa ganhuriro dzemashandiro adzo akaoma pamusoro penzira yokuisa nayo mano awo akaganhurirwa. Angaisa mativi akati enhau padzimwe, kunangidzira ngwariro panzvero dzegadziriro panzvimbo pezvichemo zvomunhu oga, kana kuti kuvimba nemiitiro yakarongwa ingasagovera kunzvera kwakakwana mhaka iri yose. Uku kushambadza kunogona kusiya vanyajambwa vanosarura pasina dziviriro yakakwana uye kungabvumira kuputsa kwakati kuti kuregedzerwa.

Zvimiro Zvorusarura Zvinochinja

Rusarura runopfuurira kuchinja, uye zvimiro zvitsva zvichibuda sezvo fambiro mberi dzoruzivo rwezvigadzirwa uye kuchinja kwetsika dzenzanga. Rusarura zvitendero, uko gadziriro dzinogadzira zvisarudzo dzinoita migumisiro inoparira utsotsi, runopa zvinetso zvitsva zvemasangano akarovedzana nokuongorora vagadziri vemitongo yevanhu. Rusarura upfumi runomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pokuti ndiani anokwaniriswa semushandi ane kodzero dzevagari vemo. Masangano enzanga nenzvimbo dzepaIndaneti zvinoumba nzvimbo itsva dzokunetsana nokusarura zvingava kunze kwemiitiro yegamuchidzanwa.

Masangano ekodzero dzevagari vemo anofanira kuramba achichinja nzira dzawo dzokukurukura zvimiro zviri kubuda zverusaruro. Ikoku kunoda kutanga unyanzvi hutsva, kuvandudza nhungamiro nemirau, uye pane dzimwe nguva kutsvaka zviremera zvitsva zvapamutemo. Kuchinja kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu uye kwenzanga kunogona kupfuura mano emasangano okupindura, kuchiparira miganhu mudziviriro yekodzero dzavagari vemo.

Matambudziko Ezvamatongerwe Enyika Neapamutemo

Masangano ekodzero dzevagari vemo anoshanda munzvimbo ine mhaka mune zvematongerwe enyika umo zvinonyanya kukosha, kutsanangurwa kwemitemo, uye kutarisirwa kwemitemo zvingashorwa. Chinjo muutarisiri hwapurezidhendi dzinogona kuunza chinjo muutungamiriri hwesangano nenhungamiro yemitemo, kuchiparira kusanyatsoziva uye kuchikanganisa gadziriro dzokuita kuti pave nokusawirirana kwenhambo refu. Zvinetso zvepamutemo kumiitiro yesangano, mirau, uye kududzirwa kwemitemo yekodzero dzevanhu zvinogona kuganhurira chiremera chesangano uye kuita mhinganidzo kukuita kuti mutemo ushande.

Zvisarudzo zveDare Repamusorosoro zvenguva pfupi yapfuura zvakaderedza kudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzevanhu uye zvinenge zvichidiwa nehurumende mune dzimwe nzvimbo, zvichida kuti masangano agadzirise masangano anobatsira kuti vanhu vachengetedze kodzero dzavo. Kushora zvematongerwo enyika kunoitwa nevehurumende kunogona kuoneka mukuderedza mari, kana kuti kuedza kuderedza kuzvitonga kwesangano.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvokuwana uye Zvokuziva

Vanhu vakawanda vanosarurwa havamboiti kuti vacheme masangano ekodzero dzevanhu, zvichida nemhaka yokuti havazivi kodzero dzavo uye mishonga iripo kana kuti vanotarisana nezvipingamupinyi zvokusvika pamasangano anoongorora mitauro, kuoma kwemakungwa, kusava nenzvimbo dzinogara, kutya kutsiva, uye kusavimba nehurumende, zvinogona kuita kuti vanhu vanosarurwa vasatsvaka rubatsiro kumasangano.

Masangano ekodzero dzevanhu anoshanda kukurira idzi mhinganidzo kupfurikidza nenhamburiko dzokuwana nokudzidza, asi ganhuriro dzezviwanikwa dzinoganhurira ukuru hweidzi nhano dzokutanga. Vagari vemo vanobhadharwa, kubatanidza vatami, vanhu vane unyanzvi hwakaganhurirwa hweEngland, vanhu vakaremara, uye avo vanogara munharaunda dzomumaruwa, vangava vakakotsekana zvikuru. Kuvandudza kusvika kumasangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo kunoda kuiswa mubhizimisi rinopfuuridzirwa, mabasa okuwana mitauro, nzvimbo dzinosvikika nekurukurirano, uye nzanga.

Nguva Yemberi Yokutsigirwa Kwekodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Sezvo chaunga chinopfuurira kuchinja, masangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo anofanira kuchinjira kupedza denho dziri kubuda apo anochengeta basa ravo guru rokudzivirira vanhu parusaruro. Miitiro nezvinoitika zvinoverengeka sezvingabvira zvichaumba nguva yemberi yokuchengetwa kwamaruramiro avagari vemo mumakore ari kuuya.

Ruzivo Nekodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Kushandiswa kunowedzera kwemiitiro yokugadzira zvisarudzo mumabasa, dzimba, chikwereti, uye dzimwe nzvimbo kunopa zvose zviri zviviri mikana nedenho dzokuchengetwa kwekodzero dzavagari vemo. Unyanzvi uhwu hunogona kuderedza fungira mano akaipa avanhu mukuita zvisarudzo, asi hunogonawo kusimudzira kana kuti kuwedzera rusaruro apo runorovedzwa pamashoko ane ganhuriro kana kuti akagadzirwa pasina ngwariro yakakwana kururamisiro nokusasarura.

Masangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo ari kutanga nzira itsva dzokukurukura kusarurana kwemitemo, kubatanidza nhungamiro pamusoro pokushandiswa kweAl muzvisarudzo zvebasa uye kuongororwa kwemitemo yokupa chirevo. Nhamburiko dzokutarisira munguva yemberi dzichada unyanzvi hukuru zvikuru hwokunzvera, zvishandiso zvitsva zvokunzvera nokuda kwemaarutimende, uye gadziriro itsva dzepamutemo dzingangova dzakagadzirirwa zvakananga kupedza rusaruro runodzorwa. Kubatana pakati pamasangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo nenyanzvi dzemichina zvichava zvinokosha mukuvimbisa kuti kufambira mberi kweruzivo rwemitengo hakusviki pakudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu.

Kusiyana Kwemamiriro Ezvinhu uye Rusaruro Rwakaoma Kunzwisisa

Kuzivikanwa kworusaruro rwokupapatidza kwakavakirwa pamhatsa yemavara akawanda akadzivirirwa(ari kuwedzera, uye masangano ekodzero dzevanhu ari kuwedzera kuongorora kwepamhene nebasa rawo. Munhu angatarisana nerusaruro kwete chete nemhaka yedzinza rake kana kuti dzinza, asi nemhaka yomubatanidzwa wakasiyana wemavara aanawo. Somuenzaniso, vakadzi vechiBlack vangasarura zvinosiyana nezvinosangana nevarume vechiBrack kana kuti vakadzi vechichena.

Izvi zvingada kuchinja kuti masangano aunganidze mashoko, aongorore, uye aone kuti kusarurana kunodawo kugadziriswa sei.

Kushanda Kwazvo uye Kunoshanda

Kunyange zvazvo kunyunyuta mumwe nomumwe kuchiramba kuri chinhu chinokosha pakuchengetedza kodzero dzevanhu, masangano ari kuwedzera kusimbisa kuongorora kwegadziriro dzinotaura nezvenzira uye miitiro yokusarura zvinotapura vanhu vakawanda.

Kudzikamiswa kwemitemo munguva yemberi kungawedzerawo kuva kunopfuurira, namasangano anoshandisa kunzverwa kwemashoko, kunzvera, uye kuwirirana kuti azive rusaruro pamberi pavanyajambwa sezvichemo zvenhau.

Kubatana Nokubatana

Kushanda pamwe chete kwehurumende, hurumende, nyika uye masangano omunharaunda zvinogona kuvandudza kushanda zvakanaka, kuderedza kudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzevanhu. Kugoverana, kuongororana, uye kushandira pamwe kunobatsira kuti pave nemasangano akasiyana - siyana uye kunobatsira zvikuru kune vanhu vanosarura.

Kuchengetwa kwamaruramiro avagari vemo kwomunguva yemberi kungaona kubatanidzwa kukuru kwenhamburiko dzesangano, nebvumirano dzakarongwa nebvumirano dzinobatanidza mhinduro dzinotsinhirana kurusaruro. Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runogona kutsigira uku kubatira pamwe kupfurikidza nokugonesa kugoverana kwakachengeteka nekurukurirano pakati pamasangano. Zvisinei, kuwana tsinhirano inobudirira kunoda kukurira miganhu yehurumende, miganhu yemitengo yemari, uye pane dzimwe nguva inokwikwikwidzana zvinhu pakati pamasangano.

Nzira Yokuisa Nayo Nyuzi Inonyunyuta neNational Rights Agency

Kunzwisisa nhano dzinoshanda dzinobatanidzwa mukuronga nyunyuto kunogona kubetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvichemo zvinochengetwa zvakanaka uye mukati menhambo dzinoshanda.

Kuziva Agency Yakakodzera

Nhano yokutanga mukuronga nyunyuto ndeyokuziva kuti isangano ripi kana kuti masangano ane simba pamusoro porusaruro runonzi. Ikoku kunotsamira parudzi rworusaruro, kwarwakaitika, uye ndiani anopomerwa kuva muparadziri wemhosva iri. Rusaruravara rwebasa runowanzoenda kumasangano ebasa akarurama. Nhevedzo dzenzvimbo dzinogona kuiswa neHID kana kuti masangano edzimba emochare. Rusaruro rwedzidzo runoenda kuBato reFoclegian Offices kana kuti masangano edzidzo eruwa.

Muzviitiko zvakawanda, masangano akawanda angava nehurumende, uye zvinyunyuto zvinogona kuiswa neanopfuura sangano rimwe. Zvibvumirano zvebasa pakati pamasangano kazhinji kazhinji zvinobvumira kuti chinyunyuto chinoiswa nesangano rimwe chisare chakabatana nemamwe, kuchengetedza kodzero pasi pemitemo yakawanda. Mawebsite eAgency nevashandi vanodya zvokudya zvinogona kubatsira vanhu kusarudza kuti ndeapi masangano ane simba pamusoro pezvichemo zvavo.

Kuunganidza Mashoko Nezvinyorwa

Pamberi pokunyora nyunyuto, vanhu vamwe navamwe vanofanira kuunganidza mashoko akakodzera nezvinyorwa.Izvi zvinosanganisira udzame pamusoro pezvakaitika, apo kwakaitika, ani akabatanidzwa, uye zvapupu zvipi nezvipi. Chinyorwa chingabatanidza maemail, mashoko, kunzvera mashoko, kunzvera kushanda, kukumbira, tsamba dzokuramba, kana kuti mamwe mapepa ane chokuita nokusarura kunofungidzirwa. Nepo mapepa akawanda asati achidikanwa kunyora kunyunyuta, kuva nemashoko ane udzame anosimbisa kunyunyuta uye kupfupikisa.

Vanhu vanofanirawo kucherekedza misi yezviito zvorusaruraganda, seizvi zvinosarudza kana nyunyuto yacho yakakodzera nguva. Nokuda kwepomero dzeEEOC, chiito chokupa mhaka youdzvinyiriri chinofanira kuva chakaitika mukati mamazuva 180 (kana kuti mazuva 300 muhurumende ane miitiro yebasa yakaisvonaka) yokunyora. Mamwe masangano ane ganhuriro dzenguva dzakasiana, naizvozvo kunzvera ganhuriro dzinoshanda kunokosha.

Kupedzisa Kunyunyuta

Masangano akawanda anopa nzira dzakawanda dzokutsvaka nadzo kunyunyuta, kusanganisira mahotera epaIndaneti, kushanyira vanhu paIndaneti, uye foni.

Chimiro chokunyunyuta chinobvunza zvakashata pamusoro pomunyunyuti, mugamuchiri, rudzi rwerusaruro, boka rakadzivirirwa, uye misi yezviito zvouori. Vanyunyuti vanofanira kugovera udzame hukurusa sezvinobvira apo vanenge vachipfupikisa uye vakananga pamaidi anokosha zvikurusa. Masangano mazhinji anogovera nhungamiro kana kuti betsero nezvimiro zvokupedzisa kunyunyuta, uye vamwe vanogovera bvunzurudzo apo vashandi vanobetsera vanhu kugadzirira zvichemo zvavo.

Pashure Pokubhururuka

Kana bhendi razokwidzwa, sangano racho rinowanzotumira tsiviso nokugovera nhamba yenyaya. Vanyunyuti vanofanira kuchengeta aya mashoko nokuda kwenongedzero yomunguva yemberi. Komishinari ichazivisa mhinduro yenyunyuto ndokutanga muitiro wayo wokunzvera. Vanyunyuti vangawanwa nokuda kwemashoko okuwedzera kana kuti kutora rutivi munhepfenyuro.

Panenge pachiongororwa, vanyunyuti vanofanira kukurumidza kupindura zvikumbiro zvesangano zvemashoko uye vanofanira kuita kuti sangano racho rirambe richiudzwa nezvekuchinja kupi nokupi kwazvinenge zvaitwa pafoni. Vanofanirawo kuchengeta magwaro akakodzera uye kudzivisa kuparadza uchapupu hungangovapo.

Zvisinei, vanyunyuti vane kodzero yokubvunza pamusoro penhau dzavo uye havafaniri kuzengurira kuonana nesangano racho kana vaine mibvunzo kana kuti zvinovanetsa. Kunzwisisa kuti masangano anobata nyaya huru kunogona kubetsera kuronga kariro dzechokwadi pamusoro pezviverengero zvenguva, asi vanyunyuti vanofanirawo kutsigira zviitiko zvavo uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti vanogamuchira ngwariro yakafanira.

Zviwanikwa uye Mamwe Mashoko

Kunzwisisa kwaungawana mashoko akavimbika kunogona kubatsira vanhu kuita zvisarudzo zvavanoziva kuti vane kodzero dzevagari vemo uye kuti vangapinda sei mumasangano anoona nezvekodzero dzevanhu.

Website yeOpportunity Commission inogovera mashoko akakwana pamusoro pemitemo yerongedzero yebasa, kurongera mashandiro, uye mishonga inowanika. Nzvimbo yacho inobatanidza mapepa eidi, magwaro enhungamiro, uye zvishandiso zvedzidzo pamarudzi akasiyana- siyana ebasa. Nenzira yakafanana, Kubviswa kwedzimba dzakanaka dzeUrbactic Development peji yedzimba [ inopa mipiro pamusoro pekusarura dzimba uye nzira yokunyunyutira nayo.

Nzvimbo idzi dzinowanzosanganisira mashoko okutaura nenyaya dzokunyunyuta uye kushandira vanhu vanenge vapiwa mabasa. Masangano akawanda anoshandisawo masangano anogona kutaura nevanhu vari panzvimbo dzinonetsa uye anogamuchira mazano.

Masangano eyamuro nekodzero dzevagari vemo zvinogovera zviwanikwa zvinokosha nokuda kwavanyajambwa vorusaruro, kubatanidza kumirira kwapamutemo, zvinhu zvokuzvibetsera, uye mahendiredhi kumagweta. Masangano akadai sechiCivil Liberties yeAmerican Union, NAACP Legal Defense Fund, uye National Women’s Law Center panhau dzekodzero dzavagari vemo uye kupa zvinhu nokuda kwavanhu vamwe navamwe vanotarisana nerversal.

Magweta akawanda anodzivirira kodzero dzevanhu anoshanda pamasangano emagweta anoona nezvekodzero dzevanhu anoshanda pahwaro hwemari inobhadharwa, kureva kuti anongoripira mari kana akahwina nyaya yacho, achiita kuti vanhu vasingagoni kubhadhara mari yepamutemo.

Masangano edzidzo, maraibhurari, uye masangano enzanga anowanzogamuchira nzvimbo dzokushandira uye marusando emashoko pamusoro pekodzero dzevanhu. Izvi zvinoitika zvinogovera mikana yokudzidza pamusoro pekodzero nemishonga mugadziriro dzinowanika, dzakavakirwa panzanga. Zvinopawo bviro dzokubatanidza navamwe vakasarurwa uye kudzidza kubva muzvakaitika zvavo kutsika dzamaruramiro avagari vemo.

Mugumisiro: Kukosha Kunoramba Kuchiitwa Kwekodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Masangano ekodzero dzevanhu anoramba ari masangano anokosha mukurwisa kuenzana neruramisiro kuri kuramba kuchiitika munzanga yeAmerica. Pasinei zvapo nedenho dzinokosha, kubatanidza ganhuriro dzezvipingamupinyi, zvimiro zvinobvisa rusaruro, uye chishoro chezvamatongerwe enyika, aya masangano anopfuurira kunzvera zviuru zvenyunyuto dzorusaruro gore negore, kusimbisa mitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo, uye kushanda kudzivisa rusaruro kupfurikidza nedzidzo uye kukurira. basa rawo rinotapura zvakananga upenyu hwamamirioni avaAmerica, richigovera kukumbira vanyajambwa vanosarura uye kusimudzira kubatwa kwakaenzana zvikuru mumabasa, dzimba, dzidzo, uye pokugara vanhu vose.

Kubudirira kwemasangano ekodzero dzevanhu kunotsamira kwete bedzi pazviwanikwa zvakakwana nechiremera chepamutemo asiwo paruzivo rwevoruzhinji uye kuvimbisana. Apo vanhu vanonzwisisa kodzero dzavo dzevagari vemo uye vanoziva nzira yokuwana nayo mabasa esangano, zviri nani kuti vatsigire kodzero dzavo uye vasarumbidze vapi vemhosva. Apo vashandirwi, vagoveri vedzimba, vadzidzisi, uye mamwe masangano anofukidzwa vanonzwisisa misengwa yavo nebasa nenzira yokudzivisa rusaruro, kudikanwa kwokudzika mutemo uye mhoteredzo dzinova dzinova dzinovapo.

Sezvo chaunga chinopfuurira kuchinja, masangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo anofanira kuchinjira kukutaura zvimiro zvitsva zverusaruro apo achichengeta kuzvipira kwavo kunheyo huru dzekuenzana neruramisiro. Ikoku kunoda kuiswa kwemitemo inopfuurira muumbirwo yamasangano, kukura kwemiitiro yokufunga, kushandiswa kunobudirira kweruzivo rwezvinhu, uye kuzvipira kunopfuurira kubva kuvagadziri vemitemo navose. Zvinetso zvacho zvinokosha, asi naizvozvowo ukoshi hwebasa racho. Masangano ekodzero dzavanhu anobatira savachengeti vechipikirwa chokuti vanhu vose, pasinei zvapo nedzinza ravo, ruvaravi, rudzidziso, mavambo evatano, zera, uremaremara, kana kuti mamwe mavara anodzivirirwa, anofanirwa nokubatwa kwakaenzana pasi pomutemo.

Kumunhu upi noupi akawana rusaruro kana kuti anotsvaka kutsigira vamwe mukusimbisa kodzero dzavo, achinzwisisa kuti masangano ekodzero dzevanhu anoshanda sei uye kuti mabasa api anobatsira anokosha. Masangano aya aripo kuti ashumire vanhu, kuti aongorore zvichemo, atsigire mitemo, uye kusimudzira nzanga yakarurama zvikuru uye isina rusaruro. Nokushandisa mabasa avo, kutsigira basa ravo, uye kutsigira kubudirira kwavo kunopfuurira, vanhu vanogona kutsigira nhamburiko inopfuurira yokuita kuti kodzero dzevanhu dzivepo.