Kunzwisisa kuchengetwa kwemitemo chinhu chinokosha munzanga ipi neipi inoshanda, uye kuvadzidzisi navadzidzi venhau nevagari vemo, kunogovera mavambo ekushanda kwekudzora, ruramisiro, uye kuchengeteka kwavanhu munzanga.iyi nyaya inopa kuputsika kune udzame, kwepamutemo kwamasangano, miitiro, uye denho dzapanguva imwe cheteyo dzinorondedzera kuchengetwa kwomutemo muUnited States, dzichipa varavi hwaro hwakakwana hwokudzidzisa nokudzidza.

Kukosha Kwokusimbiswa Kwomutemo Munzanga Yedemocratic Society

Kuchengetwa kwomutemo kunopfuura kuvapowo zvako kunooneka kwamapurisa mumugwagwa; inzira inovimbisa kutonga kwomutemo inotsigirwa. Pasina kutsinhana, kutsinhana kwemitemo kwakarongwa nokungwarira zvikuru inova isina revo. Kukwanisa kudzikamisa mitemo inodzivirira maruramiro avanhu, inochengeta nhevedzano yavose, uye inodzivisa mufambiro woutsotsi. Musi wenhau, pfungwa yokuita kuti mutemo uchengetedze mutemo yachinja kubva pamiitiro yenzanga yakarongeka kusvikira kugadziriro yakarongwa zvikuru, mitengo mizhinji yakagadzirwa zvakanaka yatinoona nhasi. U.S. Constitution, kupfuu yeChend, Seth, Send, interth, uye 145th Remplivements, inosimbisa miganhuro yepamutemo iyo mutemo unofanira kushanda, kuwirira pamutemo nokuchengeteka kwapachena vanhu. Nokuti kutaridzika mite yemite yetsika yetsika yetsika, [FFlatests]

Kuchengetwa kwomutemo kunoshandawo sechidziviso. Vanhu pavanoziva kuti kuputsa mutemo kune migumisiro chaiyoiyo — kufeyafeya, kusungwa, kurovererwa. (kurovererwa) Vasingawanzopindi mumubato usiri wapamutemo. Uku kudzivisa kunokosha kuti vachengetedze nhevedzano yenzanga pasina kutendeukira kumipimo inodzvinyirira. Uyezve, masangano anotarisira mutemo anoita basa rakakomba mukupindura kwekurumidziro, njodzi, uye tsigiro yenzanga, achiita savapinduri vokutanga mumamiriro ezvinhu anobva mungwavaira dzomusikirwo kusvikira kutyisidziro dzinoshingaira. Chivimbo chinoiswa mumasangano aya kuratidzirwa chakananga kwebasa ravo, kuzvidavirira, uye kuomerera kumipimo yapamutemo.

Chinokosha Chinobatanidzwa Mukusimbiswa kwoMutemo

Izvi zvinoreva kuti mutoro unogoverwa pamwero yose yehurumende, hurumende, uye yomunzvimbomo, imwe neimwe ine simba rayo, kuzviisa munzvimbo yayo, uye nhevedzano yemitemo.

Kumanikidzwa Kwomutemo Wehurumende

Masangano ehurumende anoshanda pasi pechiremera chehurumende yeUnited States uye anotoita kuti mitemo yehurumende iteererwe, anoongorora mhosva dzinopfuura nyika, kana kuti anodzivirira fariro dzenyika. Dzakatanhamara zvikurusa dzinobatanidza:

  • Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI): FBI ndiro ruoko rukuru runonzvera rweBato reRuramisiri. Inobata mhatsa huru dzemhosva dzehurumende, kubatanidza ugandanga, ugandanga hweIndaneti, utsotsi hwakarongwa, uori hwavanhu, uye kuputsa kodzero dzevanhu. Kudzora kwadzo ndekwenyika yose, uye kazhinji kunoshanda pamwe chete nehurumende uye masangano omunharaunda ari mumabasa.
  • Drug Ercement Administration (DEA): inonangidzirwa pakusimbisa mitemo inodzorwa yezvinhu nemirau yeUnited States, DEA inotungamirira nhamburiko kudzongonyedza nokuputsa masangano anotengesa mirimo. Idzo dzinodzorawo purogiramu yenyika yemirimo inodzora shangu neyakabatana nevokwamarudzi akawanda.
  • Bureau of Alcohol, Tobacco, Firemongs ne Explopasites (ATF): Hurumende inoita mitemo yeATF ine chokuita nezvigwagwagwa, zvimbambaira, arson, uye zvinwiwa zvinodhakisa zvisingabvumirwi nefodya. Inoita basa guru mukuderedza utsotsi hwamasimba masimba kupfurikidza nemirairo, kunzvera, uye nzanga.
  • Ibasa rakavanzika reU.S.: pakuvamba rakagadzirirwa kurwisa kugadzirwa kwenhema, Basa Rakavanzika zvino rine mibato mikuru miviri: kudzivirira vatungamiriri vorudzi (kubatanidza purezidhendi, mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi, uye zviremera zvinoshanyira) uye kuchengetedza tsigiro dzemari dzenyika kupfurikidza nokunzvera kupfurikidza netsoropodzo yekombiyuta, utsotsi hwemari, uye kunyepedzera.
  • Nzvimbo yeHomeland Security (DHS): DHS isangano reamburera rakafara rinobatanidza Customs and Bordline Protection (CBP), Immigation and Customment Enforcement (ICE), Transter Security Administration (TSA), uye U.S. Varica vadzori vadzori vemi yemiganhuro.
  • U.S. Marshals Service:[[FLT: 1] sangano rehurumende rezvomutemo rekaresa, Marshals Service rine mutoro nokuda kwechengeteko yomudare rehurumende, dziviriro yokupupurira, kufeya - feya vapoteri, uye kutakura vasungwa vomubatanidzwa.

Nokuda kwamashoko ane udzame pamusoro pechimiro chesangano rimwe nerimwe uye zvinokosha, U.S. Department of Justice repanyuro yehurumende nezviwanikwa.

Kumanikidzwa Kwomutemo Womunzvimbomo Nehurumende

Masangano ehurumende neenharaunda ndiwo anowana vanhu vakawanda vachichengetwa nemitemo.Aya anosanganisira:

  • State Police kana kuti Highway Patrol:[ Masangano enzvimbo yeHurumende anomanikidzira zvikurukuru mitemo yemigwagwa yomumugwagwa mukuru, asi akawandawo ane chiremera chavose chokudzikamisa mutemo muhurumende yose. Anowanzogovera tsigiro yokufeyafeya kumadhipatimendi maduku omunzvimbomo uye kubata utsotsi hunoitika mhiri kwamaruwa.
  • Nhamba yeMahofisi eHofisi dzaSheffiff: vatariri vamajeri vakasarudzwa chaizvoizvo vakuru vanotarisira kuchengetwa kwomutemo mukati meruwa. Mitoro yavo inobatanidza kutenderera - famba nharaunda dzisina kubatanidzwa, majeri eruwa, kushanda mudare, uye kugovera chengeteko mudare.
  • Mapato amapurisa: Mapato namapato etaundi chimiro chinooneka zvikurusa chokuchengetwa kwomutemo. Vanotenderera migwagwa, vanopindura runhare 911, vanonzvera utsotsi hwomunharaunda, uye vanopinda mukuedza kwechirongwa chamapurisa munzanga. Zvikamu zvinovambira pachiverengero chiduku chavakuru mumataundi maduku kusvikira kumakumi ezviuru mumaguta makuru akadai seNew York, Chicago, uye Los Angeles.

Kupindirana pakati peiyi mwero kunoparira batira pamwe yakadai sechinoumba mhoteredzo yezvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo (8).

Kushandiswa Kwomutemo

Kuchengetwa kwomutemo hachisi chiito chimwe chete asi nhevedzano yamatanho etsika akarongedzerwa kudzivirira kodzero, kuunganidza ufakazi, uye kupa ruramisiro.Nhano imwe neimwe ine zvinodikanwa zvapamutemo nemiitiro yokutarisira.

Nzvero

Nhambo yokunzvera inovamba apo utsotsi hunoshumwa kana kuti kucherekedzwa. Vakuru vakuru navafeyi vanounganidza ufakazi kupfurikidza nebvunzurudzo, kunzverwa, kunzvera, uye magwaro okunzvera. Nzvero dzazvino uno dzinotsamira zvikuru paruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu(nzics, CCTV neramessage, marekodhi eserura eserura, uye DNA. Vatengi vanofanira kushanda mukati memitengo yeFreentermeterment, inodzivirira pakunzvera kusina mufungo uye kubatwa nehosha. Kunzvera kunowanzoratidza mugumisiro wenhau, sezvo ufakazi hushoma hunogona kutungamirira kurasa chikwereti kana kuti kukuvarambwa.

Kusungwa

Kusungwa kunoitika apo mukuru mukuru wemapurisa anochengeta mutemo anosunga munhu nemhaka yechimwe chikonzero chokuti munhu wacho akaita mhaka. Chisakiso chinobvumikiswa chinoda maidi chaiwo kana kuti migariro izvo zvingatungamirira munhu ane mufungo kudavira kuti mhaka yave iripo, kuri, kana kuti ava kuda kuitwa. Kusungwa kungaitwa nekodzero kana kuti pasina pamutemo, zvichitsamira pamamiriro ezvinhu (g., mukuru mukuru wemapurisa anopupurira mhaka anogona kuita kuti asungwe pasina chikonzero). Pashure pokusungwa, anofungidzirwa anoraviwa kodzero dzavo dzeMiranda, kubatanidza kodzero dzokuramba vakanyarara uye kodzero yokuva mutongi.

Kurovera

Kana mutongi mukuru aita basa rokupa mhaka mhaka angosungwa bedzi, vachuchisi vanohwirudzura ufakazi ndokusarudza kana kunyora mhaka dzakarongwa. Iri ibasa rakakomba. Munhau dzehurumende, vatongi vakuru vangaitwa kuti vapiwe mhaka. Mugadziriro dzehurumende, mashoko kana kuti nyunyuto zvinoiswa. Chisarudzo chacho chinofanira kuvakirwa paufakazi hunokwana uye hunowirirana nechisarudzo chomurovereri wemhaka. Pane dzimwe nguva anopomerwa mhaka duku mukutsinhanisa nokuda kwebatira pamwe, kana kuti pomero dzingaderedzwa kana paine ufakazi hunoshaikwa.

Kufambira Mberi Kutangira

Pamberi pokutonga, pane zviitiko zvikuru zvinoverengeka: chitarisiko chokutanga (panoraviwa pomero), mabhero okutonga (kusarudza kana munyumwiri achigona kusunungurwa achimirira kutongwa), kutonga kwokutanga (uko mutongi anoyera chisakiso chinobvira), uye kukwikwidzanisa (panomukwirirwi anopinda muchikumbiro). Kunzvera kunotevera, mukati mokuti mativi ose ari maviri anotsinhanisa ufakazi. Kutaurirana kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kunoitika padanho rino; ruzhinjisa rwemhosva dzeU.S.

Kutongwa

Kana mhaka ikapfuurira kutongwa, kukwirira nokuzvidzivirira kunopa ufakazi pamberi pomutongi kana kuti vatongi. Mutoro woufakazi uri padare, unofanira kubvumikisa kuva nemhaka pasina panikiro ine mufungo. Mukwirirwi ane maruramiro okutonga kwokukurumidza uye kwokutonga kwavose, kutarisana nezvapupu, uye kumimiririrwa kwapamutemo. Miedzo inogona kuva refu uye yakaoma, kubatanidza ufakazi hwenyanzvi, utsotsi, uye kunzvera kukuru. Mutongi unosarudza kana mukwirirwi ane mhaka kana kuti ane mhaka.

Kutongerwa

Mutongi anorangarira zvinhu zvakadai soukuru hwemhosva, nhau youtsotsi yomukwiridziri, kutaura kwevanyajambwa, uye nhungamiro dzokutonga (dzinosiana nehurumende). Kuendesa mhaka kungabatanidza kuiswa mutorongo, faindi, kuongororwa, basa romunzanga, kana kuti mubatanidzwa. Muzvimwe zviitiko, mapurogiramu okupa vamwe mhosva, zvakadai sematare emirimo kana kuti matare ezvoutano hwepfungwa, anovavarira kukurukura nhau dziri pasi penhau panzvimbo pokungotsiva.

Kukwirira Nokutumira Chibvumirano Cheshure

Varevereri vane maruramiro okukwidza mhaka yakavakirwa pazvikanganiso zvapamutemo, kusazvibata, kana kuti ufakazi hutsva. Kukwirira kunonzwiwa nematare makuru, ayo angatsigira, kudzokera shure, kana kuti kudzosera mhaka. Rusununguko rwapashure runogonawo kubatanidza zvikumbiro zvehabeas, izvo zvinodenha kuva pamutemo kwokusungwa. Muitiro wokukumbira unovimbisa kuti zvitendero zvakarurama uye kuti ruramisiro haisati iri yokupedzisira kutozosvikira matare ose apera.

Basa Remapurisa Enzanga

Mapurisa enzanga uzivi hunosimudzira nzira dzesangano dzokutsigira kushandiswa kwakarongwa kwemasangano uye nzira dzokugadzirisa zvinetso.

Nheyo Dzemanyoro

  • Kudzikamisa mutemo kunoshanda nemitezo yenzanga, hurumende yomunzvimbomo, zvikoro, mabhizimisi, uye zvisabetsera kugadzira mishonga yekotsekano.
  • problem-Sonsole: Panzvimbo pokungopindura foni, vakuru vakuru vanoshandisa SARA (Kuparidzwa, Nzwisiso, Kupindurirwa) kuti vazive zvisakiso zvikuru zvoutsotsi uye kutanga kupindira kwakakodzera.
  • Kuchinja kwematunhu: Kuchinja kubva pagadziriro yomurayiro wegamuchidzanwa, wapasi kukuva uyo unopa vakuru vakuru simba, unokurudzira kupinda munzanga, uye unosimbisa kujeka.

Somuenzaniso, nhano yamapurisa omunzanga ingabatanidza misangano yenguva dzose yomunharaunda, vatasvi vetsoka, zvirongwa zvepwere zvokutungamirira, uye kubatira pamwe namabasa enzanga kupedza kushaya pokugara kana kuti kushandisa zvisina kufanira zvinodhaka. Nzvero yenguva dzose inoratidza kuti mapurisa omunzanga anowedzera kuvimbana kwavanhu, anoderedza rutyo rwoutsotsi, uye anovandudza mukuru mukuru mukuru wetsika. Office yeChirevo yeU.S. inogovera mitengo nenzvero pamapurogiramu ezvirongwa zvemapurisa omunzanga anobudirira munyika yose.

Zvinetso Nokutsoropodza

Pasinei zvapo nebetsero dzayo, mapurisa enzanga anotarisana nedenho. Kunoda chinjo huru yetsika mumasangano, mari inotsigirwa, uye kuzvipira kwechokwadi kubva kuutungamiriri. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti inogona kunzi chishandiso chevatano yavanhu pasina kuchinja chaikoiko kwegadziriro yenzanga yakadai sefungidziro yedzinza, kushandiswa kwesimba, kana kuti kuzvidavirira kutoti kuchibatanidzwa nechinjo huru.

Matambudziko Pakumanikidzwa Nomutemo

Kuchengetwa kwemitemo kwazvino uno kunoshanda mumhoteredzo yokuoma kunzwisisa nokunzverwa kunowedzera.

Kutadza Kuwana Mari

Masangano akawanda, zvikurukuru munzvimbo yomunzvimbomo, anotarisana nemhindu isingaperi. Kuganhurirwa kwemabhadhari kunotungamirira kukushanda zvishoma, midziyo yechinyakare, nzvimbo dzerovedzo dzisina kukwana, uye mibhadharo yakaderera. Ikoku kunogona kuguma nokuneta kwevakuru vakuru, kuderera kwesimba rokushanda. mari yeFederal nemari yehurumende zvinogona kubetsera, asi kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji makwikwi uye kusakwanira kufukidza zvinodikanwa zvenguva refu.

Zvinofungwa Nevanhu uye Kuvimba Navo

Zviitiko zvikuru zvekusazvibata kwamapurisa, simba rakanyanyisa, uye kusarura dzinza zvakaparadza chivimbo pakati pokuchengetwa kwomutemo nenzanga dzoruvara. Nzwisiso dzakashata dzinogona kudzongonyedza batira pamwe, kuderedza kudisa uchapupu kuuya, uye kukudza rwisano mukati mezvinoitika. Kuvaka chivimbo kunoda kuva nokujeka kwenguva dzose, kuzviisa pasi penzanga, uye kuzvidavirira nokuda kwomufambiro usina kururama. Makhamera eboka, mabhodhi ehwirobha echiuto, uye kurovedzwa kwechikwaratiso chetsika, uye kuderera kwechiito kunoitwa pakati pamatanho anotemwa.

Kufambira Mberi Kwezvigadzirwa

Masangano anochengetedza mutemo anotamburira kufamba pamwe nemhaka yokushandisa mari uye kushayikwa kwevashandi vepaIndaneti. Panguva imwe cheteyo, masangano anofanira kubvunza mibvunzo yepamutemo uye yetsika kana akatarira, kuongorora mashoko emunhu, uye kushandisa maadiro emitemo. Kudzikamisa unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu nerusununguko rwevagari vemo kunoramba kuchinetsa.

Kurovedza uye Dzidzo

Basa remapurisa rakakura kupfuura “kurwa kwoutsotsi” kubatanidza kupindira kwendangariro, kusawirirana, kukwikwidzana kwetsika, uye mhinduro dzinozivikanwa nenhamo. Chichingori zvikoro zvizhinji zvichiri kunangidzira ngwariro zvikurukuru pamazano omuviri nomuitiro wapamutemo. Kuenda, rovedzo yakakwirira munzvimbo dzakadai sedzinoshatisa, shatiso dzakajeka, uye kuvimbisana kwenzanga kunokosha nokuda kwemapurisa azvino uno.

Utano Hwendangariro Nougwinyi

Mahofisi ezvoutano ari kutanga kushandisa mapurogiramu okutsigira vezera, mazuva outano hwepfungwa, uye mabasa okupa mazano akavanzika. Kuudza mukuru mukuru wemapurisa zvakanaka hakusi kungova nehanya nevanhu chete asiwo kunovandudza basa uye kunoderedza kusangana nevoruzhinji.

Kuzvidavirira Nokutarisira

Kurangarira kuti vakuru vakuru vanotarisira mutemo vanozvidavirira nokuda kwomufambiro wakashata kunopanikirika nokuda kwapamutemo. Kudzora kunobatanidza kunzvera nhau dzomukati, makambani okunyunyuta avanhuwo zvavo, kushandisa kuhwirudzura kwokumanikidzira nzvimbo, uye vachuchisi vakazvimirira nokuda kwokupfura kwevakuru vakuru kunobatanidzwa. Kushaikwa kwoutariri hwechinjo husingachinjiki kwave kuri manyuko makuru ekangaidziko dzavose. Kuchinja kwakadai semiitiro yedeclex, kushuma kwapamutemo kwetsika dzisina kururama, uye kurambidzwa kwemiitiro yakati (se miganhu) kuri kugamuchirwa mumitengo mizhinji.

mhedziso

Kunzwisisa kuchengetwa kwemitemo kunokosha nokuda kwavagari vemo, vadzidzisi, uye vatungamiriri venguva yemberi. Haisi gadziriro inowirirana zvikuru yamasangano, miitiro, uye ukama hwenzanga zvinofanira kuchinjirwa nguva dzose nedenho itsva. Kubva panheyo yebumbiro remitemo yakaiswa neMatai azvinotangwa kusvikira kugadziriro yezvinogadzirwa nekamera yemiviri, chinhu chiri chose chokutarisira ruramisiro inoumba ruzivo rwevoruzhinji. Kupfurikidza nokuongorora masangano (* Cecleon, kusungwa, uye kupiwa mibato yamasangano kubva kuFBI kusvikira kumadhipatimendi emapurisa omunzvimbomo, tinowana mufananidzo wakajeka wakajeka wenzira wokuti kuchengetedzwa kwazvinochengetedzwa uye kodzero dzinodzivirirwa. Zvinetso zvemari, kuchengeterwa kwemitengo, kuchengetedzwa kwemitengo, uye kurongwa kwemitengo yemitengo inoyeuchidza kuti mutemo unoshanda. Vadzidzi vadzidzi uye vadzo dzinobatanidza mishumo yemitengo iyi yezvibvumirano yavose yehurumende.