Kurondedzera Kubatana Kwenyika: Kunopfuura Kukamukana Kwesimba

Pamavambo payo, hurumende igadziriro yehurumende umo simba rakakamurwa nebumbiro remitemo pakati pechiremera chepakati (nyika) cheruwa nemapoka eruwa. Kusafanana negadziriro yehurumende yepakati ine chiremera chakakwana, kana kuti kubatana uko hurumende dzinochengeta simba gurusa, hurumende inoparira nzvimbo yapakati. MuUnited States, izvi zvinoreva zvose zviri zviviri hurumende dzehurumende nehurumende dzinoda kurondedzerwa, kazhinji kazhinji, mitoro inoiswa. inodzikamiswa pakati pechiremera chorudzi nechomunzvimbomo haichinji nguva; inochinja nguva kupfurikidza nomutemo, dare, kutonga uye miitiro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Kunzwisisa uku kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anoda kunzwisisa kuti mitemo inoitwa sei, mabasa anogoverwa sei, uye kuti vanhu vanogona sei kupesvedzera.

Federalism haingopiri mabasa pasi. Inoparira gadziriro umo mwero mumwe nomumwe wehurumende unogona kuita nenzira yakazvimirira mukati menzvimbo yayo, bva inofanira kubatira pamwewo neimwe. Uku uchangamire huviri ndihwo hunoita kuti tsika yeU.S. ive yakasiana ne(uye kazhinji kazhinji inokakavadzana. Kunyanduka pakati pechinzwano chorudzi nemhatsa yomunzvimbomo rutivi rwenguva dzose rwoupenyu hwezvamatongerwe enyika zveAmerica, kuvambira pakurukurirano pamusoro pemipimo yedzidzo kusvikira kumurairo woutano nedziviriro yemhoteredzo.

Mavambo Enhau: Kubva Pakubvumirana Kukuchinjira Kubumbiro Remitemo

Rwendo rwokuenda kuhurumende yeAmerica rwakavamba nokundikano yeNhevedzo yeConfederation (1781-1789). Kuedza ikoko kwokutanga pahurumende yorudzi kwakaparira mubatanidzwa wakasununguka wehurumende dzinotonga, neDare rapakati rakaneta raisagona kudzora mitero, kutengeserana, kana kuti kudzikamisa mitemo zvakananga pavagari vemo. Muuyo wakanga uri nyongano yemari nerwisano yemaruwa. Vagadziri veMitemo yeU. Constitution, muFiradelphia muna 1787, vakatsvaka kupedza utera ihwo apo vaichengeta udzori hwehurumende.

James Madison, Alexander Hamilton, uye mamwe maFederalist vakaitirana nharo nokuda kwehurumende yenyika yakasimba zvikuru, asi vakatarisana nechishoro chinotyisa kubva kuAnti-Federalist vaitya udzvinyiriri hwechibatiso. Kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira kwakanga kuri tsika ye masimba anodzorwa[ .Nguva yezviremera zvakapiwa hurumende yehurumende yehurumende nepo mamwe masimba ose akachengetwa kunyika. Uku kubvumirana pane zvakasimbiswa muPendeko reTBhibheti yeMitempiramendi: “Masimba haana kupiwa kuUnited States neBumbiro reMitemo, kana kuti kurambidzwa neUnited States, inochengetwa kuUnited States, kana kuti vanhu.

Bumbiro reMitemo rakatangawo gadziriro ye mipimo nedzinoyera mumativi ose napakati ehurumende. Supremacy Claus (Article VI) rakaita mutemo wehurumende mutemo wakakwirira zvikurusa wenyika, asi apo bedzi Congress inoshanda muchiremera chayo chebumbiro remitemo. Iyi zvivako zvakaisvonaka zvakaedzwazve, zvikurukuru mukati meHondo yavagari vemo, New Decial, uye nguva yekodzero dzavagari vemo, nguva imwe neimwe inodzosera muganhu pakati pesimba renyika neromunzvimbomo.

Republic Yapakuvamba: Kushanda Nehurumende Kunodzorwa Nehurumende

Nokuda kwezana rokutanga ramakore renhau yeAmerica, muenzaniso mukuru wakanga uri wehurumende. , kazhinji kazhinji yakaenzaniswa ne “keke revhu.” Chivako chimwe nechimwe chehurumende (revoruzhinji nehurumende) chaiparadzaniswa zvakajeka mitoro. Hurumende yaibata nhau dzokunze, dziviriro yenyika, kutengeserana kwehurumende, uye kuisa mari. Hurumende yaitarisira utongi hwemo, dzidzo, mutemo, uye mutemo wemhuri. Uku kuparadzana kwakasimbiswa neDare Rapamusorosande muzviitiko zvakadai se [[FLT:] MCULK] v. Mary [FLT:] [FLT] [3] [18] [19], iyo yakatsigira ukukwirira kwemubatanidzwa wehurumende, asi nezvinoitika zvakaganhuridzo, zvakadai [FFLT]

Marudzi EchiFederalism: Muenzaniso Unochinja

Nokufamba kwenguva, nyanzvi dzakaona zvimiro zvakasiyana - siyana, chimwe nechimwe chichiratidza uzivi hwezvamatongerwe enyika nehwekutonga hwakapararira hwenguva yacho.

Dual Federalism (Layer Cake)

Sezvacherekedzwa, ubati ushe hwehurumende huviri hwakasimbisa paradzano yakakomba. Hurumende dzenyika nehurumende imwe neimwe yaishanda munzvimbo dzayo dzimene nedzomuduku. Uyu muenzaniso wakadzora kuvambira pakuvambwa kusvikira kuma 1930. Dare rapamusoro raiwanzorova mitemo yehurumende yairangarirwa kuva inovhozhokera simba rehurumende, zvakadai semurairo wokushanda kwavana mu Hammer v. Dagenhart [1918].

Kubatana Mubatanidzwa (Cake Isingachinji)

Great Depression and the New Development yakapinza unani hwehurumende hwehurumende, uko mwero yose yehurumende yakashanda pamwe chete kugadzirisa njodzi dzenyika. Mumuenzaniso uyu, hurumende yehurumende yakashandisa kurudziro dzinokurudzira chiito chehurumende papurogiramu seinishuwarenzi yourovha, mibato, uye garikano. Digiramu rakabva pakeke rejiramende richienda kujini, nemitoro inobatanidza. Kududzirwa kukuru kweChoumest Clausleaste mu [FOLT:2] Wickard v. Fil[FLT][FLT] [42] [19]

Kugadzira Mubatanidzwa (1960s -1970)

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, hurumende yenyika yakapfuudza hurumende hurumende muzviitiko, ichipa zvipo zvakananga kumaguta, purofiti, uye masangano enzanga. Zvirongwa zvakadai seMedicaid neHead Start zvaibatanidza nhungamiro dzehurumende nemigariro zvakabatanidzwa pakutsigira. Iyi donzo rokunangana nourombo nekodzero dzavagari vemo asi rakawedzerawo kudzorwa kwehurumende pamusoro pehurumende nenhau dzomunzvimbomo.

New Federalism (1980säPresenters)

Kutanga naPurezidhendi Richard Nixon uye kupfuurira naRonald Reagan, New Federalism yakatsvaka kudzosera simba kunyika. Ikoku kwakabatanidza mvumo dzakapa kuchinjika kukuru mukushandisa mari yehurumende, pamwe chete nokubviswa kwegadziriro dzakafanana negarikano dzakafanana nehurumende pasi peya1996 Personal Restution Active. Kombatire yacho yakapfuurira mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura, neDare Rapamusoro munhau dzakafanana ne United States v. Lopz (1995]) uye [FLT:] printz. v[FLD]

Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa SechiFederalism Arbiter

Zvisarudzo zvaro hazvingopedzi gakava rakati chete asiwo zvinogadza mienzaniso inoumba gadziriro yose yokutonga kweAmerica. Hezvino nhau dzekatanhamara dzinoverengeka kupfuura idzo dziri munyaya yapakuvamba dzinoratidzira uku kusimba.

Simba Rinokura ReFoderal

  • MCULLOch v. Maryland (1819) : yakasimbisa kuti hurumende yehurumende ine masimba anoreva kupfuura ayo akarongwa zvakajeka muBumbiro remitemo, uye kuti nyika haigoni kutera mitero yehurumende.
  • Gibbons v. Ogden (1824)[FLT: Simba reCongress rinodudzira zvikuru kudzora kutengeserana kwenyika, richigovera hwaro hwapamutemo hwechiremera chehurumende pamusoro pomubato wenyika inoyambuka.
  • kunzwa kweAtlanta Motel v. United States[FLT:] (1964): Yakabatanidza Chibvumirano cheCivil Rights cha 1964 sechiito chapamutemo cheChemmerce Claus, ichitonga kuti rusaruro rwedzinza munzvimbo dzavose rwakatapura zvikuru kutengeserana kwenyika.

Simba Rinoganhurirwa

  • [FLT] United States v. Lopez (1995] [[FLT:]]: Kekutanga mumakumi matanhatu amakore, Dare rakaputsa mutemo wehurumende nokuda kwokupfuura Claus weChemmerce. Gun-Free School Zoners Act yaibatwa kuva isina pesvedzero huru yemari, nokudaro nzvimbo dzinovhozhokera dzedzoro yetsika.
  • Kuisa zv. United States (1997)[FLT:]: Gadziriro dzakashaikwa dzeBrady Handgun Violence Prevention Act idzo dzakagombedzera hurumende navakuru vakuru vehurumende yomunzvimbomo kuita nzvero dzekare. Dare rakatonga kuti hurumende yehurumende yavanhu igorega kuraira vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende kuita kuti mutemo wehurumende uteeredze.
  • [FLT]Foderation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (20: Yakarangarira murairo womunhu oga weAffordicure Care Act sechiito chinoshanda chesimba rinobhadhara reCongress, asi yakaderedza kukura kweMitedhi inosungirwa sezvisarudzo. Chisarudzo ichi chakasimbisa ganhuriro pasimba rokushandisa mari rehurumende.

Iyi nhau inoratidza kuti kuumba kweDare nouzivi zvinopesvedzera sei zvakananga dzikamo yesimba. Rehnquist Court (1986-2005) yakanga ichidzivirira zvikuru uchangamire hwehurumende, kombamiro yakapfuurira neDare raRoberts. Nokuda kwokuravazve panhau dzakati, ona projez Project, iyo inogovera mashoko akajeka namapfupindudzwa enhau dzeDare Gurusa.

Chirefu Muchiito: Zvidzidzo Zvenhau Zvepanzvimbo Dzinoiswa Mitemo

Kuongorora kuti hurumende dzakasiyana - siyana dzinoshanda sei mune dzimwe nzvimbo dzinotarisirwa kunoratidza kuti gadziriro yacho ine simba uye haina simba rakawanda sei.

Kunyoreswa pamutemo: Chikamu cheFederal chaMaruwa Clash

Zvichida hapana nhau inoenzanisira zviri nani kusagadzikana pakati pechiremera chenyika nechomunzvimbomo kupfuura chirango. Muchibvumirano cheGuefed Substances Act, mbanje inoramba iri shamhu I, isingabvumirwi nokuda kwebasa ripi neripi. Zvisinei, chifo cha 1996, dzinopfuura 40 hurumende dzakanyoresa marijuana yezvokurapa, uye dzinopfuura 20 dzakashandisa nhandaro nenzira yapamutemo. Izvi zvinoparira nzvimbo yachena yapamutemo: kuparadzira pachena pasi pomutemo wehurumende asi njodzi yokupinzwa kwehurumende. Obama naBiden vadzori vadzori vanowanzova vanocheuka zvikuru kupfurikidza nokushandisa mari inodzorwa (Kole Mibato nezviito zvinotevera), asi kurwisana kukuru kunoramba kusingadzorwi. [[FLT:] Uku kunzvera kwapamutemo [FLT]

Kutama: Nharo Dzinoyera

Kutora nzvimbo mutsika mutoro womubatanidzwa, asi dzimwe nyika namaguta zvakagamuchira “mitemo inodzorwa nezviremera zvokubuda. Vatsigiri vanotaura kuti zviwanikwa zvomunzvimbomo hazvifaniri kushandiswa nokuda kwokuchengetwa kwehurumende uye kuti ruvimbo pakati penzanga dzevokumwe namapurisa omunzvimbomo runofanira kuchengetwa. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti mitemo yakadaro inosekesa mutemo wenyika ndokuita nzvimbo dzakachengeteka nokuda kwavatami vasina kunyorwa. Hurumende yehurumende yatonga yagona kubvisa mari panzvimbo tsvene, sokuedza kwakaitwa neTrump Dare Rapamusoro mu [FLTrig:0] City in Chicago.[FLTC]] [2017]) yakatonga kuti hurumende yehurumende haigoni kuisa mari yakafara pasina chiremera.

Kudzorwa Kwemhoteredzo: Hutungamiriri hweHurumende Nokuramba

Garamesi mugadziriro yemhoteredzo muvhenganiswa webatira pamwe nerwisano. Ceaose Air Act yePrease inoita mipimo yenyika asi inopa nyika mutoro wokuita. California ine nzvimbo yechienzi: pasi peEceoc Air Act, inogona kutsvaka zvirango kubva kuEPA kuti iise mipimo yemotokari inodzora zvikuru nemhaka yezvinetso zvayo zvakakomba zvokushatisa mhepo. Dzimwe nyika dzinogona ipapo kusarudza kugamuchira mipimo yeCalifornia. Iri chiremera chakadenhwa, zvikurukuru mukati mekudzora kweTrump kudzora mitemo yemari inodzora. Basa reCalifornia [[FLTL:0] rinoudza zvikuru neEPA [FLT] kupfurikidza nePFLT:1]. Dare remisiona Hurumende yazvinotonga mu [FOct2] Virginia. [FFFOLT] [2]

Kutarisira Utano: Kuwedzera Kunotyisa uye Zvisarudzo Zvehurumende

Affordble Care Act (ACA) yakaratidzira zvose zviri zviviri kubvira nengozi yebatira pamwe yehurumende. Mutemo wakatsamira pahurumende kukudza Medicaid kufukidza vakuru vakaderera vaiwana, nehurumende ichiita mari yakawanda yemari. Zvisinei, kutonga kweDare Gurusa ra2012 kwakaita kuti kukura kuve kwokusasarudzwa nokuda kwenyika. Kubvira muna 2024, nyika 10 hadzina kukudza Mdhicaid, kugadzira nzvimbo umo vakuru vazhinji vanowana mari yakanyanyowanira mari nokuda kwemiitiro yegamuchidzanwa yeMedicaid asi shomanene zvikuru nokuda kwegadziriro dzemisika. Uku kudzosera kukura kugona kuita kuti Hurumende isvike nenzira isingaenzaniswi kumabasa kudarika nyika dzose.

Dzidzo: Kubva Pakudzora Kwomunzvimbomo Kuenda Kumipimo Yorudzi

Dzidzo yave iri gamuchidzanwa rehurumende nenzvimbo yomunzvimbomo, asi hurumende yehurumende yapasi yakawedzera basa rayo kupfurikidza nemitemo seElementary and Secondary Education Act (1965), hakuna Child Chinosiiwa Behind (2001), uye Mudzidzi Ari Wose Wekubudirira Anoita Sangano (2015). Iyi mitemo inobatanidza mari yehurumende kumipimo yokuzvidavirira, kuedzwa, uye kugadziridzwa kwechikoro. Bva nyika dzinodzora pazvinodzidzwa, mudzidzisi, uye kuparadzirwa kwemari. Gakavadzano dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi pamusoro perondedzero yedzinza inotsoropodza neLGBTQ+ muzvikoro dzinoratidza kuti dzidzo inoramba iri nhandare yeSangano yemitemo yezvomubatanidzwa, namapadhipatiro edzidzo yomunzvimbomo, uye dhipatimendizi yeDhizha reDhindi redzidzo yose inoyera.

Betsero Dzemagariro: Chikonzero Nei Dzichitsungirira

Pasinei zvapo nokuoma kwaro, hurumende dzinopa betsero dzinokosha dzakavimbisa kupukunyuka kwadzo kwaanopfuura mazana maviri amakore.

  • Dare reOrthority: Mutongi Louis Brandeis anorondedzerwa zvakakurumbira se “masangano ehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.” Nyika dzinogona kuedza mitemo yakadai sezvokutarisirwa kweutano hwenyika yose muMassachusetts, carbon cripgation muCalifornia, kana kuti kubviswa kwemirimo muOregon(] pasina kuisa mungozi rudzi rwose. Zviitiko zvinobudirira zvinogona ipapo kutendwa nemimwe mibatanidzwa yehurumende kana kuti pamwero wehurumende.
  • Kurevererwa kwapanoro: Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dziri pedyo zvikuru navagari vemo vadzo uye dzinogona kuwirirana nemitemo nezvisarudzo zvenharaunda nemigariro. Mavhenji ane pesvedzero yakananga zvikuru pavakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo, uye hurumende inogona kuva inokurumidzira zvikuru mukutaura zvinetso zvenzanga zvakananga.
  • Michero paSimba: kupfurikidza nokukamuranisa chiremera, hurumende inokuita kuti kuve kwakaomera kuti boka ripi neripi kana kuti fariro zvidzore chose chose. Vagari vanogona kufadza kumitengo mizhinji yehurumende kana munhu akabvumikisa kuva asingagamuchiri.
  • Kuchinja nokuchinja mirangariro: Munyika huru, yakasiana, unani hunobvumira mhatsa mumitemo nemitemo izvo zvinoratidzira mipimo yakasiana yetsika, yemari, uye yenzanga. Ikoku kunogona kuderedza rwisano kupfurikidza nokurega mapoka ane mirangariro yakasiana - siana achirarama mumitemo yakasiana mukati morudzi rumwe cheterwo.

Matambudziko Okushanda Mumagariro Evanhu: Kupesana

Mativi mamwe chetewo anoita kuti unani hukoshewo anoparirawo zvinetso zvinopfuurira.

  • Kuenzana nokusaenzana: Apo nyika dzine mitemo yakasiana, vagari vomuimwe nyika vangava namaruramiro mashoma kana kuti mabasa kupfuura ayo ari mune imwe. Somuenzaniso, mukadzi anotsvaka kubvisa pamuviri angafamba mazana amakiromita nemhaka yeganhuriro dzehurumende, uye mhuri inowana mari yakaderera ingatarisana nokusafanana zvikuru naMadicaid redigion zvichitsamira painogara.
  • Rinoparira kuBoma:[[FLT: 1] United States dzinokwikwidza nokuda kwokuisa mari yebhizimisi ingaderedza mitero, kuderedza mirau, kana kuti kuderedza mabasa enzanga, kuchiparira kuderera kuderera kwemipimo yemhoteredzo neyavashandi.
  • Zvinetso zvokushanda zvakanaka neKubatana: Kudzosa kudzorwa kunogona kutungamirira kukunyora, kuvhiringidzika, uye kuisa zvigunwe mukati menjodzi. Murakatira weCHOVID wakaratidza kuti urongwa hwakakamuranisa sei kuita kwakabatana kworudzi, nehurumende dzichikwikwidzana nokuda kwemigove uye dzinobudisa mitemo inodzoreka.
  • Gridlock neConflict:[[FL:1]] Kusawirirana pamusoro porudzo() yakadai sehurumende yehurumende inokwidza mitemo yemavhoti, kana kuti inotonga mitemo yezvakatipoteredza zvehurumende (*) kuronga nguva nezviwanikwa. Uku kurwisana kwapamutemo kunogona kunonotsa kana kuti kumisa mitemo inokosha.

Kuenzanisa Federalism: United States in Global Context

Dzimwe nyika dzinoshandisa zvinhu zvakafanana kuti dzitarisire mhatsa nemwero.

  • chiGerman: muGermany, hurumende yehurumende yemubatanidzwa (Bound) nehurumende (Länder) zvinogoverana simba, asi Bundesrat (imba inokura) inomirira zvakananga hurumende dzehurumende. Hurumende yeGermany inobatirana zvikuru uye inobatanidzwa, nehurumende dzinoshandisa mitemo yehurumende. Ikoku kunoderedza rudzi rwemagariro eU.S.
  • Canada: Gadziriro yemubatanidzwa yeCanada inopa masimba anokosha amaruwa, zvikurukuru pamusoro poukoshi hwezvoutano nepfuma yomusikirwo. Zvisinei, hurumende yorudzi ine simba rakasimba rokushandisa uye inogona kugadza mipimo yorudzi kupfurikidza nezvipo. Sangano reQuebec rezvourudzi rakaedza miganhu yeCanada yehurumende.
  • Indiya: irepabhuriki yehurumende ine hurumende yakasimba. Bumbiro reMitemo rinoronga zvikamu zvitatu zvamasimba: hurumende, hurumende, uye panguva imwe cheteyo. Mutoo, hurumende huru kazhinji kazhinji yakadzora hurumende kupfurikidza nokudzorwa kwemitemo negadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo zvinobvumira kutonga kwapurezidhendi mumigariro yakakurumidzira.
  • Brazil neAustralia: Ose ari maviri ane gadziriro dzehurumende dzinoshandisa zvakanaka chiremera chine revo kuhurumende kana kuti ndima. Ubati ushe hweBrazil hwave huchiratidzirwa nokusadzikama kwemipimo noushati, nepo tsika yeAustralia yakatsiga zvikuru nehurumende yapakati yakasimba.

Uku kuenzanisa kunoratidza kuti unani hwehurumende hahusati huri gadziriro yakatsiga asi murangariro wakapfava uyo unochinjira kutsika yezvamatongerwe enyika yenyika imwe neimwe nemigariro yenhau.

Magakava Azvino Uno Nenguva Yemberi YechiFederano

Federalism inoramba iri nhau ipenyu mumatongerwe enyika eAmerica, namativi ose ari maviri achiigamuchira nenzira yakasarudzwa zvichitsamira pamuitiro uripo. VaRepublica kazhinji kazhinji vanotsigira maruramiro ehurumende panhau dzakadai sokubvisa pamuviri nokudzora pfuti, nepo vachitsigira kusunungurwa kwehurumende pakupinda nokushambadzira. Democrats anokombamira kutsigira chiito chehurumende pakodzero dzavagari vemo, chengetedzo youtano, uye dziviriro yemhoteredzo, asi vanotsigira hurumende kuzvitonga paroorano imwe cheteyo yevatano (zvinoitirwa kuObergefell) namaguta matsvene.

HONDO yeCOVID-19 yakawedzera iyi nharo. Hurumende yehurumende yakabudisa nhungamiro asi yakasiya zvisarudzo zvakawanda zvoutano zvavanhu vose. Gavhuna vemativi ose ari maviri vakabudisa zvirango zvavakuru vakuru pakuvhara, zvikumbiro zvokuvhara mabhakitire, uye zvinodikanwa zvenhomba, zvichitungamirira kubasa remitemo. Vamwe vakataura kuti mhinduro huru zvikuru ingadai yakabudirira zvikuru; vamwe vakarumbidza kuchinjika kwehurumende. Dare repamusorosoro rakatsigira chiremera chehurumende chokuisa mirayiro yezvipatara nokuda kwavashandi vezvoutano muzvimwe zviitiko asi yakavhara mirayiro yehurumende nokuda kwavashandi vakuru vebasa.

Kutarira mberi, miitiro inoverengeka ingagona kudzokororwa nehurumende. Chokutanga, “dzidziso yemibvunzo yeDare Rapamusorosoro” ingaganhurira simba resangano rehurumende, ichisunda zvisarudzo zvakawanda kuhurumende. Chechipiri, kukura kwenzvimbo dzinobatana pakati penyika dzvuku nebhuruu kungagona kukurumidzisa kupesana mumitemo panhau huru dzose, kubva pakodzero dzokuvhota kugadziriro yemagetsi. Yechitatu, ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu kungagonesa democracy yakananga zvikuru nevagari vemo mumitsetse yenyika, zvichideredza kukosha kwehurumende. Pakupedzisira, zvinetso zvomudyandiro wehurumende nechikwereti zvorudzi zvingamanikidza kudzokororwazve kuti mitoro nemipiro inogoverwa.

mhedziso

Federalism haisati iri gadziriro yakare asi gadziriro ine simba neinokwikwidzana inoumba rutivi rwuri rwose rwehurumende yeAmerica. Inogovera gadziriro yokudzikamisa kudikanwa kwechinzwano chorudzi nechishuvo chomunzvimbomo chorusununguko, kusimudzira zvose zviri zviviri batira pamwe nerwisano pakati pemwero yakasiana yehurumende. Sezvo denho itsva dzinobuda kubva kumiitiro mitsva kuenda kuchinjo kurutsidzo yezvoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu (8) dzikamo pakati pechiremera chenyika nechomunzvimbomo ichapfuurira kuva yakasiana. Kunzwisisa nhau yehurumende, zvimiro, uye revo dzinoshanda zvinokosha zvinokosha hazvingodikanwi bedzi navadzidzi vehurumende asi nomugari ari wose anoda kubatanidzwa nenzira inobudirira negadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Rubudiriro rwehurumende runosanotsamira pakuchinja mamiriro ezvinhu apo inochengeta mipimo yehurumende, kuzvidavirira, uye rusununguko.