Chimiro chenhau cheJapan chakaumbwa nokubatana kweruvimbiko rwebato nomuvhoti. Kunzwisisa izvi zvinhu zvinokosha kuti zvinzwisise kuti ubati ushe hwechiJapan hunoshanda sei uye hunochinja sei munguva. Ukama pakati pamasimba maviri hunochinja nguva dzose, hunopesvedzerwa nemitemo yenhau, zvivako, kuchinja kwemagariro enzanga, uye kutsiva kwezvemari. Nyaya ino inonzvera mavambo makuru okuzvipira kwebato, mitoo inochinja yokutora rutivi kwevatongi veJapan, uye kuti zvinhu izvi zviviri zvinobatana sei kuumba matongerwe enyika echiJapan azvino uno.

Nhau Dzezvamatongerwe Enyika dzeJapan

Chifo chomugumo weHondo yeNyika II, Japan yakawana mhoteredzo yakatsiga zvikuru yezvamatongerwe enyika yakadzorwa neLiberal Democratic Party (LDP). Yakadzorwa muna 1955 kupfurikidza nokubatanidzwa kwamapoka maviri akasarira, LDP yakava nesimba rinoramba richipfuurira kuvambira muna 1955 kusvikira muna 2009 (nenhambo pfupi yemwedzi 11 muna 1993-94), uye yakadzokerazve kuhurumende zvakare kuvambira muna 2012 zvichienda mberi. Uku kudzora kunoshamisa kwakasimudzira ruvimbiko rwakasimba pakati pavombovhenga, vazhinji vavo vanotsigira LDP mumhesvera dzinopfuura kusarudza. Mano ebato okuchinja mutepfekedzero mukuru wetsika kunguva inopfuura zera remari muna 1993, , kubva ku “kuchinja kwapamhindu dzoupfumi uye gare gare gare gare ku“ kubetsera kuchengetedza mubatanidzwa wakafara wemabhizimisi, varimi, vagari vomuruwa, uye vagari vezvizvarwa vakura.

Nhevedzano yezvamatongerwe enyika yapashure pehondo yakaumbwawo nenzvimbo yeAmerica (1945-19952), iyo yakaisa bumbiro remitemo rokusada kurwisana uye yakatanga masangano ezvisarudzo zvehurumende. Hondo yeRemouth yapakuvamba yakasunda United States kutsigira masimba asingachinji muJapan, ichivimbisa kuti zvirongwa zvetsika dzechiHindu zveLDP zvaiwirirana nefariro dzedare reU. Iyi tsigiro yokunze yakasimbisa kuva pamutemo kwemhuri yeLDP ndokutanga nzira inotsamira payo umo mapoka anoshora (zvikurukuru chitsoropo cheJapan uye gare gare gare Diocratic National Party yeJapan) yakarwisa kuvaka zvibvumirano zvinotsungirira.

Zvinhu Zvinopesvedzera Kuvimbika Kweboka

Kuvimbika kweboka muJapan haisi nyaya yepfungwa chete; yakadzika midzi musocial network, masangano omunzvimbomo, uye zvinhu zvokunyama.

Nhengo Dzenhau Negadziriro yeKōennai

Vavhoti vazhinji vanokudziridza kuvimbika kwakavakirwa pamibatanidzwa yenzvimbo yakare kana kuti yefamali. Ikoku kunorongwa kupfurikidza ne kennai (masangano etsigiro yomunhu oga) ayo vezvamatongerwe enyika vamwe navamwe vanosakurira. Kōenkai inogovera betsero dzakadai sezvipo zvomuchato, vapindi vamariro, sumo dzebasa, uye purofesa. Mukudzoka, mitezo inovhotera wezvematongerwe enyika iyeyo (kazhinji nokuda kwebato ravo) mukusarudzo iri yose. Muitiro uyu wakabuda muma 1960 uye unoramba wakasimba zvikuru munharaunda dzomumaruwa nedzi. Inoita chimiro chikuru chokuvimbika icho chinogona kurarama mutezo kana kuti matsotsi, nguva refu sezvo mumiririri wenzvimbo inotakura tsigiro yomunzvimbomo.

Kugadziridza Kwemiitiro

Voters vanowanzotsigira masangano ane miitiro inoratidzira fariro dzavo dzomunhu oga kana kuti dzenzanga. Varimi veJapan, vakaiswa zvikuru mumitemo yokurima, vavhota vasingachinji zvikuru. Mukupesana, mubatanidzwa wavashandi mukuwirirana nenhau nemapoka eruboshwe, kunyange zvazvo mitezo yokubatana yaderera zvikuru. Vanamazvikokota vaduku navavhoti vaduku vamaUganda vanowanzova vakavimbika zvishoma uye vanokunda zvikuru, asi vavhotawo pamwero wakaderera. LDP's inowirirana nokuchinja kwezve zvoupfumi pasi poMutungamiriri wePristicier Junichirozimi (2001-2006) vakawana purofiti yeguta, nepo Ddemocratic Party Party yeJapan ya 2009 yakawana kukunda kurwisana neSvoka kwete kuvimbika kukuru.

Kupiwazve Boka Nebasa

Kutendeseka nokushanda zvinofungidzirwa zvebato kunopesvedzera kuvimbika. Japan yakawana mhosho dzakadzokororwa dzouori (zvakadai senhau yechiokomuhomwe chekocheni, chitsotsi cheRecruit, uye nhau dzemari dzinoshuma munguva pfupi yapfuura). Kunyange zvakadaro LDP yakabvumikisa kuva inoshivirira zvikuru: vavhoti kazhinji kazhinji vanoshivirira mhosho inoresa inofungwa kuti inoshanda zvakanaka mukutarisira zvoupfumi uye chengeteko yenyika. Mukurumbira wekushora, panguva ino, wakakuvadzwa nedambudziko reDPJ, ra200912=2012 shumiure, payakakundikana kubudisa njodzi yenyukireya ya 2011. Izvi zvakaita kuti vakawanda vade kubvisa ruvimbiko kubva paLDP kunyange panguva yaisa kushaya shungu.

Kuchinja Kwezvifambiso Zvendege muJapan

Voter ount muJapan yachinjanya mumakumi amakore, kazhinji kazhinji ichipesvedzerwa nomwero wokuvimbisana kwavose negutsikano nemuitiro wezvamatongerwe enyika. Turnout inoratidzika kuva yakakwirira zvikuru mukati mesarudzo dzorudzi asi inogona kuderera mukati mesarudzo dzomunzvimbomo kana kuti munguva dzekusakendenga kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Miitiro yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi inozivisa kuderera kwenhambo refu, zvikurukuru pakati pamapoka ezera duku.

Kusarudzwa Kwerudzi

Muma1950 na 1960, kuvhota kweHouse of Declarations kwaipfuura 70 muzana nguva dzose. Pakasvika ma1990, yakanga yasvika pa 60 muzana, uye 2014 Sarudzo yavose yakanyorwa kuti yakaderera pashure pehondo 52.66 muzana (kunyange zvazvo sarudza ra2017 rakava nekanhu kaduku kaduku kusvikira ku 53.68 muzana). Sarudzo yakadzokororwa kusvikira ku5.93 muzana, ichingova yakaderera nemitemo yenhau. Imba yeCouncillors (yuguru) inoona kudzorwa kwakaderera zvikuru (kupoteredza 50 muzana).

Matambudziko Ezera Nezera

Imwe yemisiyano inoshamisa zvikuru ikokubatana kwakasimba pakati pezera nekudzoka. Mujaho 2021, vavhoti muma20 vakava nechero 35 muzana, nepo vaya vari muma 60 vakasvika pa70 muzana. Musiyano uyu wakaramba uripo kwemakumi emakore uye unosundwa nezvinhu zvakadai sekuvimbika kwemapati kune simba pakati pevechiduku, pfungwa yokuti zvematongerwo enyika haatauri zvavanoda, uye kubatana kutsikana nekemibatanidzwa yemakemichina echinyakare. Vakuru vakuru, mukupesana, vanonzi vatonge vava netsika dzokuvhotera, nguva huru yakasununguka, uye kubatana kwakasimba kuti vatange masangano akadai seAkilugar Couperations (JA) kana kuti vaJapan.

Kuparadzana Mumataundi

Nharaunda dzomumaruwa dzinokombamira kuratidza kunyanyova nhambo huru kupfuura maguta makuru, murutivi nemhaka yebatira pamwe yenzanga yakasimba zvikuru uye kuvapo kwekōenkai. Vagari vomumataundi sezvingabvira zvikuru vanova vasingaitiri hanya, vanotakurwa, kana kuti vanoshaiwa mumasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika omunzvimbomo. Zvisinei, vanosarudza varavi vanowanzoratidza kupfumbira kwezvigaro izvo zvinorema zvikuru mumaruwa okumaruwa.[1]

Zvinhu Zvinotapura Kutora Rutivi Kwejecha

Kuwedzera pane zvinobatanidzwa pakuvhota, zvinhu zvinonyatsoshandiswa pakuvhota kana munhu akasarudza.

Kumanikidza Vanhu Nenhamburiko Dzokushingaira

Nhamburiko dzenhimbe uye zvirongwa zvokudzosera zvinowedzera kutora rutivi. Mitemo yesarudzo inoganhurira zvikuru: kuvhara misuo kusuo kunorambidzwa, uye kushingaira kwakawanda kunoitika kupfurikidza nehurukuro dzavose, nzvimbo dzinotepfenyura, uye mahendibhiri. Zvibvumirano zvinovimba zvikuru namapoka akarongwa (kōenkai, masangano ezvitendero) kupa vhoti. posi nefoni zvakatera zvinobvumirwa asi zvakaganhurirwa. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, mapatita akaedza nokubudisa zvemagariro, kunyange zvazvo marefurorororo akakwirira(* atori mavhoti anogamuchirwa nezvishandiso zvemichina. [FLT:] majeko [FLT] [FLT] [FLT] mitect1] (mato miraunuro yokuvhota), inosunungura muna 2013, vanobvumira vadaruki vanoshanda uye vanobatsira zvishoma zvishoma.

Kukwikwidzana Kwakaita Matandi uye Kuonekwa

Marudzi akavhara anosunda vavhoti vakawanda kutora rutivi. Apo muuyo unooneka wakafanorongwa (sokunge munhare dzakawanda dzeLDP), kuderera. Sumo yamaruwa ane mitezo imwe muruvara rwa 1994 muchinjo yeSangano reSangano (yapaimba yavamiririri) yakawedzera makwikwi mune zvimwe zvigaro asi yakabudisa maruwa akawanda eLDP muruwa rwomumaruwa. Kuratidza kwemitengo kunopa dziviriro yenzvimbo dzekotsekano yemapati, asi pamwe chete, makwikwikwi mashoma anodzvinyirirwa. Maruwa eNational-denders jhead [1] zvikurukuru muruwa rweguta.jeko.w tarira kutora rutivi rukuru.

Chivimbo Chavose Negutsikano Nehurumende Inosarudzwa Navanhu

Kuvimba mumasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika kunokurudzira kuvimbisana kwevhoti. Nzvero dzinoitwa ne Institute of Social and Economic Research paOsaka University dzinoratidza kuti chivimbo cheJapan mubato rezvematongerwe enyika navakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa chakaderera zvikuru pashure pa2009-2012 hurumende yeDPJ, uye yakangowana bedzi parutivi pasi pechikamu chePUS peP. Chivimbo chakaderera cheTsvate nechero, zvikurukuru pakati pepwere. Zvisinei, kusavimba kunogonawo kunyandura kuvhotera apo hasha dzinooneka muna 2009 DPJRCMCIIOCCURCU kana kuti 201 yeDD.

Kubudirira Kwokupa Mari

Japan yakakudza kuvhota nokusaenda kuvhota kwapakuvamba mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura. Mukuvhota kukuru kwa2021, inenge 15 muzana yavavhoti vakashandiswa pakuvamba, kubva pamadhigirii mumwe muma1990. Zviteshi zvokuvhota zvinowanzofamba munharaunda dzomumaguta, asi vagari vomumaruwa vangatarisanawo namadaro marefu. Hurumende yakasumawo zviteshi zvokuvhotera zvamarefu nokuda kwezvitsuwa zviri kure. Zvisinei, nguva dzose iSarudzo iSvondo, inobetsera kutora rutivi. Kunyange zvakadaro, kushaikwa kwevhotera namatsamba nokuda kwavagari vazhinjisaiti vasingagoni kufamba kunzvimbo dzokufeya. [[FLT:] MINIstings ofs of Foreign Affation[FLT:] yakacherekedza kuti kupota kwechiJapan kunotarisana nokuresarutsiridza kwadzo.

Kupindirana Pakati Pokuvimbika Nokuchinja

Ruvimbiko rweboka nomuvhoti harupo mukuparadzaniswa; ivo vanoshandira pamwe nenzira dzinogona kukudziridza kana kuti zvimwe kuderedza kutora rutivi kwehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Kuvimbika Sesimba Rinosimbisa

Ruvimbiko rweboka runowanzotungamirira kumitoo yokuvhota isingachinji, iyo inogona kudzikamisa miuyo yokuvhota. Vatsigiri veLDP (kana kuti vebato guru rinoshora) vanobvumikisa nenzira yakakosha kuvhota kunyange mukusarudza kwakaderera. Ikoku kunoita kuti jambwa dzive dzinoda kuzivikanwa nokuda kwezvigaro zvakakotsekana. Kudzikama kunorevawo kuti muitiro mukuru unoda kuchinja kukuru muchimiro chavose, kwete kutsauka kuduku. Gadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika yeJapan nokudaro yave ichiratidzirwa nokuchinja kwechinjo huru panzvimbo pokudzokorodza kwecha.

Apo Ruvimbiko Runodzvinyirirwa Runoitika

Zvisinei, kuvimbika kukuru kungadzvinyirirawo kana vavhoti vakanzwa kuti vadikanwi vavo vachahwina pasinei zvapo, vachideredza pfungwa yekurumidziro yokuvhota. Mumaruwa ane chikamu chimwe, vatsigiri vangagara kumba, nepo vashori vachiodzwa mwoyo pakuedza kunyange. Kudzora kweLDP munharaunda dzomumaruwa pane dzimwe nguva kunoparira mwero yokuchinja iri pasi zvikuru yeavhareji yerudzi yedanho(5) nemhaka yokuti mugumisiro wacho ucharangarirwa semhedziso yekusarudza. Nenzira yakafanana, apo ruvimbiko runete, runotsanangurwa runoderera pakati pavatsondi veLDP asi vasingaoni chimwe chinhu chinoshanda. DPJ’s kundikano kushandura chivhotanuro chayo 2009 kuva vakavimbika ndokwavo: vatsigiri vazhinji vanosara vari mumusha unotevedzerwa.

Kuvimbika Kuduku uye Kuwedzera Kuda Kuchinja

Nenzira yakapesana, kuvimbika kwakaderera kana kuti kusagutsikana kunogona kuwedzera sezvo vavhoti vanotsvaka chinjo. Sarudzo ya2009 yakaitwa kuva 69.28 muzana yakakwirira zvikurusa mumakore anopfuura gumi(apo vavhoti vainyandurwa kubvisa LDP pashure pomutemo wavo murefu wakapinda muzviteshi. Kunyange zvakadaro, iyi yakanga iri “vhoti inovhota” panzvimbo pokuva nokuvimbika kukuru kuDPJ, uye yakabvumikisa kuva isingachinjiki. Pashure pokushanda kusingadzorwi, yakadzikira kusvikira ku 59.32 muzana muna 2012. Uyu muenzaniso unoratidzira kuti nepo kumhanya kwechinguvana kunogona kuitika, kupfuurira kwenguva refu kunoda kuvimbika kukuru kunoitirwazve kunzvimbo yesangano nebato.

Zvinhu Zvine Simba Zvikuru

Mutambo unosianawo mumasangano. Vavhoti vakura vanoratidzira kuvimbika kwakakwirira nepesvedzero yakakwirira, vanovapa. Vavhoti vaduku vane kuvimbika kwakaderera nokuenda kwakaderera, kureva zvisarudzo zvavo zvinopinzwa. Zvikamu zvinopindura nenzira ine mufungo kupfurikidza nokugovera chikamu chekare, chakavimbika (kokuti muenzaniso, nemiitiro yepenjeni yemari nezvoutano) izvo zvinokudza musiyano wechizvarwa mukutora rutivi. Kuputsa iri denderedzwa kungada mazano matsva, akadai sokuderedza zera rokuvhotera (ratotototongerwa ku 18 muna 2016) uye kutanga mapurogiramu edzidzo yehurumende muzvikoro.

Kunetsa Kwoubati Ushe Hwose hweJapan

Kunzwisisa izvi zvinhu zvine simba kunobetsera vagadziri vemitemo namasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika urongwa hwokupinda muvhoti nenzira inobudirira. Kukurudzira ruvimbiko rwakakwirira uye kuchengeta ruvimbiko rwebato rune utano zvinokosha nokuda kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu ine simba iro rinoratidzira zvakarurama kuda kwavanhu.

Kumirira uye Kuva Mutevedzeri

Kuderera kwezviverengero zvavagari vemo vaduku namaguta kunomirira mamiriro ezvamatongerwe enyika kufariro dzavakura, vavhoti vokumaruwa. Ikoku kunogona kutungamirira kumiitiro iyo isingadavidzi kuzvinodikanwa zvezvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi, zvakadai sokusimbiswa kukuru pamari yokubetsera nokuchengeteka kwenzanga nenzvimbo, nepo ichiita pasi mumitemo yemitemo kana kuti kuchinjika kwemamiriro okunze. National Diet Library yenzveror [[ pakutora rutivi kwevarati, kunokarakadza kuti kana Japan isingagoni kuchinja kuderera kwemari inochengeteka, tsika yetsika ingashata, sezvo hurumende icharatidzira bedzi chikamu chinoderera chezviwiso zvinosarudzwa.

Kukamukana Kweboka

Ruvimbiko rusina simba (kunze kweLDP) rwatungamirira kunzvimbo yakakamukana. Mapati mazhinji maduku (Boka rechiKomeito rechiKojonizimu, Nippon Ishin no Kai, uye mamwe) anokwikwidza nokuda kwegoverano ine mwero yevhoti, asi vashomanene vanogona kuvaka zvisaririra zvakatsiga zvetsigiro. Uku kukuita kuti kuve kwakaoma kuvatsigiri kuranga LDP nenzira inobudirira, nemhaka yokuti vhoti dzechiJapan dzechiKomeito dzinowanzopambadzwa pamapoka maduku asingagoni kuwina. Electoral Revolution (zvakaita sechikumbaridzo chezvigaro zvokumirira) ingawedzera makwikwikwi nokuramba, asi LDP yakadzivisa chinjo dzaityisidzira kukunda kwayo.

Basa Renzanga Yehurumende Nezvinobudisa Nhau

Gadziriro yavagari vemo yeJapan neretsika dzenhau (mapepa edzidzo, NHK) dzakaita basa munhau mukuzivisa vavhoti nokusimudzira kubatanidzwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Zvisinei, kuderera kwokurava pepanhau nokuwedzera kwenzvimbo yemanyuko apaindaneti zvakakamuranisa mashoko akapoteredza. Misformation neshatoo rezvamatongerwe enyika zvinogonawo kuwedzera. Mapoka edzidzo eependero, akadai se Kunzvera kwemasangano ehurumende [ donzo rokuwedzera kutora rutivi ruzivo, asi anoshanda pamwero muduku. Hurumende yakaedzawo zviyeuchidzo zvokuvhotera kupfurikidza neposi yemakombiyuta, kunyange zvazvo ichiri pasi.

Chiono Chenguva Yemberi

Masimba ekuvimbika kwebato uye kuvhota muJapan sezvingabvira kushanduka zvishoma nezvishoma. Kukwegura kwemitemo kuchapfuurira kusimudzira uremu hwakati kuti hwevavhoti vakavimbika vakwegura, kuchengeta LDP iri munzvimbo yakasimba. Asi mapoka emapoka ezvikwata uye kukwikwidza kwoutungamiriri zvinogona kuparira mikana mitsva. Kumuka kwokuvhota kwakavakirwa panhau dzakafanana nesimba renyukireya, kugadziridzwa kwebumbiro remitemo, uye kuva akaenzana kwevatano yemunhu nemunhukadzi kungakwezva vavhoti vaduku, zvikurukuru kana mapoka akaisa mubvumirano yemichina. Nokuti zvino, zera ramazera rakabatanidzwa pamwe chete nokutendeka kwakakwirira kweLDP.PP.Nkatsvekatsvuka, asi hurumende inosarudzwa yeJapan inoramba ichigona kushamisa panguva nenguva, sokuratidza kwaGenegarudzo.

Kuguma, ukama pakati pevakavimbika nemuvhoti muJapan hahuna kubatana uye hahuna kubatana.