Table of Contents
Kutarisira kweCongregational rutivi rukuru rwehurumende yeUnited States runoshanda senzvero yokutsoropodza simba ravakuru vakuru. Kunobatanidza kuhwirudzura, kutarira, uye tarisiro yokuitwa kwegadziriro yavose namasangano ehurumende, mapurogiramu, uye mibato. Iri basa rinokosha rinobetsera kuchengeta kuoneka, kuzvidavirira, uye kushanda zvakanaka mumabasa ehurumende apo rinenge richivimbisa kuti bazu guru rinonamatira kuvavariro yesangano nemitemo.
Kunzwisisa utarisiri hwesangano kunokosha kumunhu upi noupi anofarira kuti hurumende yeAmerica inoshanda sei.Iyi nhungamiro yakakwana inonzvera nheyo dzebumbiro remitemo, mitoo, zvinangwa, uye denho dzokutarisira kwesangano, kuchigovera varavi nzwisiso huru yeiri basa rinokosha rehurumende.
Kutarisira KweCongress Chii?
Kutarisira kweCongress kunonongedzera kuchiremera nomutoro weUnited States Congress wokutarisira, kuhwirudzura, uye kutarisira bazu rinotungamirira namasangano aro akawanda. Utariri hweCongress hunobatanidza kuhwirudzurwa, kutarisirwa, uye kutarisirwa kwamasangano ehurumende, mapurogiramu, mibato, uye kuitwa kwemiitiro. Iri simba rinogonesa Masangano kuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo iri kuitwa sezvinodiwa, kuti muripi wemitero ari kupedzwa zvakafanira, uye kuti vakuru vakuru vehurumende vari kuita muchiremera chavo chepamutemo.
Basa rokutarisira rinomirira chimwe chezvishandiso zvinokosha zvikurusa cheCongress chinofanira kuchengeta gadziriro yokunzvera nedzikamo zvakatangwa neBumbiro reMitemo.
Hwaro Hwebumbiro reMitemo Hwokutarisira
Kudzora isimba rinorehwa panzvimbo pesimba rinotaurwa muMutemo weMitemo weU.S., sezvo harusati ruchipa zvakajeka chibvumirano chiremera chokuitisa kubvunza kana kuti kunzvera kwomutungamiriri, kuva nezvinyorwa kana kuti zvinhu zvakachengetwa namukuru mukuru, kana kuti kupa zvitupa zviduku nokuda kwezvinyorwa kana kuti ufakazi hunobva kumukuru mukuru. Pasinei zvapo nokushaikwa kwomutauro wakananga webumbiro remitemo, simba routarisiri rakasimbiswa zvakasimba kupfurikidza nemuitiro wenhau nemuenzaniso weDare Gurusa.
Dare Rapamusorosoro rakasimbisa zvakasimba kuti simba rakadaro rinokosha kwazvo kumubato womutemo zvokuti rinofanira kuratidzirwa mukupiwa kwamasimba ose emitemo muDare I reBumbiro roMutemo. Dare rakaziva kuti Congress haigoni kushandisa nenzira inobudirira mitoro yayo yebumbiro remitemo pasina mano okunzvera kuti mitemo iri kuitwa sei uye kana vakuru vakuru vakuru vari kuwirirana nevavariro yomutemo.
VaFungi vacho vakanzwisisa kuti vanababa vehurumende vanofanira kuva nesimba rokuongorora bazi guru kuti vaite mabasa aro anonyatsoenderana nemitemo yepamutemo.
Zviratidzo zveDare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa Pamusoro Pokutarisira Kwemisangano
Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa rakapa zvisarudzo zvinoverengeka zvinokosha zvakaumba ndokurondedzera ukuru hwamasimba okutarisira esangano. iyi nhau dzinosimbisa zvose zviri zviviri ukuru hwechiremera chokuongorora neganhuriro dzacho dzebumbiro remitemo.
MuWatkins v. United States, Dare Rapamusorosoro rakasimbisa kuti "simba reCongress rokunzvera riri mumiitiro yomutemo. Simba iroro rakafara. Rinobatanidza kubvunza pamusoro pokutarisirwa kwemitemo iripo pamwe chete neinokarakadzwa kana kuti sezvinobvira inodikanwa mirau".
Dare rakaendererazve mberi kurondedzera muBarenblatt v. United States kuti "ukuru hwesimba rokunzvera hwakapinza nokusvika kure sesimba rinobvira rokuita nokufanira muBumbiro reMitemo". Ikoku kunosimbisa kuti masimba esangano anoongorora anowirirana namasimba awo omutemo.
Nguva pfupi yapfuura, Mazars USA, LLP, Dare rakasimbisa ukoshi hwokuunganidza mashoko kumuitiro wemitemo, richicherekedza kuti "pasina mashoko, Congress yaizova iri kupfura murima, isingakwanisi kunyora kuti ‘ noungwaru kana kuti nenzira inobudirira.
Kutanga Kwesimba Rinodzora Munhau
Imba yakagombedzera kupinda kwazvapupu chifo cha 1795, apo yakanzvera kuedza kupfura Mitezo.uku kushandiswa kwapakuvamba kwesimba rokunzvera kwakagadza muenzaniso waizovakwa mukati mamazana amakore akatevera.
Dare Rokutanga reHurumende rakatanga nzira idzi dzokutarisira nokuongorora, kushuma zvinodiwa, uye kushandiswa kwezvirongwa zvokuongorora kuti pave nechiremera.
Kuzivikanwa kwapamutemo kwoutariri sebasa resangano kwakauya gare gare zvikuru. Legislative Reorgantation Act ya 1946, kwenguva yokutanga, yakadana zvakajeka nokuda kwe "utariri hwedare" mumutemo wavose. Yakatungamirira matare eImba neDare akamira "kuramba achirinda" papurogiramu namasangano adzo pasi pehurumende; vashandi vanotenderwa vanyanzvi; uye yakawedzera masimba e Comptroller General, musoro weCongress’s Acceplustrateve neoult, Office Accouncial Accounting Office (GAO).
Mutemo weLegislative Reorgantation Act wa 1970 wakabvumira dare rimwe nerimwe rakamira ku "kuyera nokufunda, pahwaro hunopfuurira, kushandiswa, kutarisirwa nokuitwa kwemitemo pasi pesimba raro; wakawedzera vashandi vanodzidzira matare; wakakudza betsero yakagoverwa neCongregational Research Service; uye wakasimbisa kurangarirwa kwepurogiramu kwemitoro yeGO.
Kukura Kwakaita Kutarisira Kwemisangano Nezvinangwa
Kunzwisisa zvinangwa izvi zvakasiyana - siyana kunobatsira kutsanangura kuti nei mabasa okutarisira achiitwa nenzira dzakasiyana - siyana uye nei dzimwe nguva achikonzera gakava.
Madonzo Epurogiramu
Pamavambo aro, tarisiro inobatira mabasa anokosha epurogiramu ayo anobetsera zvakananga kushanda kwemabasa ehurumende.Awa anobatanidza kuva nechokwadi chokuti masangano ari kushandisa mitemo sechirongwa cheCongress, kuyera kana mapurogiramu ari kuwana zvinangwa zvawo zvakarongwa, uye kuzivisa kupambadzwa, kubiridzira, uye kushandiswa zvisina kufanira mukushandiswa kwehurumende.
Nzvero yepurogiramu inoramba iri mutoo unochinja utarisiro. Nzvero yepurogiramu yazvino uno inoshandisa sayenzi yenzanga nemitoo yokudzora (yakadai senzvero, mirau yendyiko dzemari, uye fundo dzekushanda zvakanaka (*kuyera kushanda kwepurogiramu inopfuurira. Mashoko pamusoro pebasa repurogiramu angabetsera paCongress sezvainoita zvisarudzo pamusoro pegadziriro dzehurumende uye chitsama chemari chaachagamuchira.
Madonzo Ezvamatongerwe Enyika
Madonzo ezvamatongerwe enyika anobatanidza kubudisa zivikanwo yakanaka yavanogadzira mitemo, kuwina tsigiro inobva kuvatongi namapoka asiri avo, uye kushora kutsoropodza mapurogiramu anodiwa zvikuru kana kuti masangano.
Utungamiriri hunoitika mumugariro wezvamatongerwe enyika wazvino uno umo ukama hweCongress namasangano anodzora hunogona kuvambira pabatira pamwe kusvikira kurwisano. Uyezve, pane kusawirirana kunogarwa nomutemo nezvamatongerwe enyika pakati peCongress naPurezidhendi kunyange mukati menhambo dzehurumende yakabatana.
Madonzo Esangano
Madonzo esangano anobatanidza kunzvera simba rebazu guru, kunzvera kuti mutemo uri kupiwa sei, uye kuzivisa Congress nevoruzhinji. Aya madonzo angafanira kududzwa zvikuru nemhaka yokuti anobatira kudzivirira maruramiro esangano ndokusimbisa mano evoruzhinji veAmerica okunzvera mibato yavakuru vakuru nezviito.
Vatsinhiri vazhinji, vanzveri vemiitiro yavose, uye vaiti vemitemo vanotaura kuti Mapurezidhendi navakuru vakuru vangafuratira kana kuti kuronga kusina kururama munharaunda dzakasiana - siana, zvakadai sokuiswa kwemari, ropafadzo yavakuru vakuru, uye masimba ehondo.
Dare raisagona kushandisa masimba aya zvine mufungo kana kuti nenzira ine mufungo pasina kuziva chakanga chichiita mukuru mukuru; kuti gadziriro dzakanga dzichiitwa sei, kuti ndiani, uye nendyikoi; uye kana vakuru vakuru vakanga vachiteerera mutemo uye vachiwirirana nevavariro yomutemo.
Nzira Nemashandiro Okutarisira Magungano
Dare rinoshandisa nzira dzakawanda uye maturusi kutungamirira bazu guru. Nhasi, kutungamirira musangano kunogona kuitika munenge basa ripi neripi remitemo uye kupfurikidza nemhatsa huru yemikoto, masangano, uye zvivako. Mibato iyi inovambira pakunzwa kwedare kwepamutemo kusvikira kuonano yedare kana kuti vashandi navakuru vakuru; kubva pafundo dzevashandi kutsigira hwirudzuro dzemari; uye kubva mukushanda kwemahofisi eDare kuenda kufundo dzakagadzirirwa namasangano asingadi kupfurikidza namasangano akadai semasangano navakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru.
Dare Rinotonga uye Rinoongorora
Pakutonga, nhengo dzedare dzinogona kubvunza vakuru vakuru vemapazi, nyanzvi dzenhau, uye zvimwe zvapupu zvinopika pamusoro pemabasa esangano, kupiwa kwemitemo, uye nhau dzakati.
Kunzwa kunobatira mabasa akawanda: kunoita chinyorwa chavose chemibato yesangano, kunobvumira mitezo kunzvera nhau dzakadzama, kunodzidzisa vose vari vaviri Congress nevoruzhinji pamusoro penhau dzemiitiro yakaoma, uye kuronga zvinhu zvinokosha kubazu ravakuru vakuru. Ruzivo rwavose rwezvinzwi zvizhinjisa runosimudzirawo kujeka nokuzvidavirira mumabasa ehurumende.
Nzvero Nemishumo
Kuongorora uku kunogona kubva pakuongorora mapurogiramu kwenguva dzose kuti abudirire kusvika pakubvunza zvikuru kusvika pakunyadzisa kana kuti kushandisa simba zvisina kufanira kwebazi guru.
Nzvero dzeCongress hadzingobatsiri bedzi vaiti vemitemo kuita zvisarudzo zvemiitiro zviri nani, asi ndedzapakati pegadziriro yokunzvera nedzikamo.
Dzimwe dzenzvero dzisingawanzowandirwi zvikurusa kupfurikidza nokusarudza matare kupinda mumabasa makuru akashata kana kuti mumabasa ebazu makuru dzakapera. Zvisarudzo chaizvoizvo mibvunzo yechinguvana yakasarudzwa yedare kupinda: Kuwana kweChina zvombo zvenyukireya, muna 1999; Iran\Contra, muna 1987; sangano rouchenjeri rinobata zvisina kufanira, muna 1975 -1976, uye Watergate inonyadzisa muna 1973-1974.
Kuongorora Mari Yacho Nokuongorora
Chimwe chezvishandiso zveCongress zvine simba zvikurusa kudzora kwazvo bhajeti yehurumende. Kupfurikidza nomuitiro wekurukurirano, Dare rinogona kutusa masangano anobudirira nemari yakawedzerwa kana kuti kuranga kuita kwakashata kupfurikidza nokuderedza bhajeti kana kuti kuisa ganhuriro.
Kana Congress inodavira kuti sangano rakabva pamurairo waro wapakuvamba, Congress inogona kuita chimwe chinhu munzira dzakati. Congress inogona kupfuudzira mutemo kuchisarudzo chesangano rehurumende, kana kuti kuganhurira chiremera chesangano. Dare rinogona kushandisa simba raro rokutaura kuganhurira mari yesangano racho.
Kupa mashoko kunodawo kuti masangano atsigire zvikumbiro zvawo zvemari yaanokumbira kuDare, achipa mikana yokutarisira uye yokuzvidavirira nguva dzose.
Kuchinja Mitemo
Panoratidza kuti mutemo uri kushandiswa sei kana kuti unoratidza mikana iripo yechiremera chepamutemo, Dare rinogona kupa mutemo mutsva wokugadzirisa nyaya idzi.
Dare rinogonawo kuisa pasi chiremera chesangano. Somuenzaniso, mu1980 Congress yakaisa papfupi chisarudzo cheNjongo yeNzvimbo yokudzivirira Njodzi yeU.S. chichishandisa mipimo miduku yeEPA kuganhurira kuisa utongi.
Simba Reputpoena
Mitemo yeimba neDare inopa chiremera chokupa zviputu kudare rimwe nerimwe rakamira. Mabudisi ezvipopo anobudiswa nenzira inosiyana nedare uye nekamuri. MuImba, anenge matare ose zvino anopa simba zvigaro zvawo kuti zvibudise zvigaro, nepo muDare matare mazhinjisa anoda kuti chigaro chitange kuwana mvumo yenhengo yapamusoro.
Apo zvapupu kana kuti masangano anoramba kuwirirana nezvikumbiro zvesangano zvamashoko nokuda kwokuzvidira, zvikamu zviduku zvinogovera muitiro wapamutemo wokugombedzera kutevedzerwa.
Michina Inomanikidzirwa
Izvi ndezvechokwadi kunyanya kana sangano rinoitirwa chitsoro chekuongorora kana kuti sangano risiri remunhu oga, sangano, kana kuti sangano rebazi guru riine mamiriro ezvinhu anokosha (jees) richizopa mashoko ayo Congress anoona kuti ari madikanwa pakuongorora kwaro.
Congress ine zvishandiso zvakati zvainogona kuwana zvose zviri zviviri mashoko kupfurikidza nokutaurirana uye kumanikidza kuwirirana nedare. Kumanikidzirwa kweMitemo yePunitysms Consurgers: Congress kungatsvaka kuita kuti munhu mumwe nomumwe aitwe mhaka yemhosva nepopasi. Kuchengetwa kwavagari vemo kwepopopo.: Congress angatsvaka chisarudzo chedare rehurumende chinozivisa kuti munhu ari kubvunzurudzwa anosungirwa pamutemo kuwirirana nedare dukupoena.
Kusimbiswa uye Simba Rokushandisa
Simba reDare rokusimbisa vapurezidhendi nokuda kwenzvimbo dzavakuru vakuru dzebazu negadziriro dzedare rehurumende zvinogovera banza rinokosha routariri. Mukati mokusimbiswa kwekutongwa, vamiriri vanogona kupanikira zvikwaniriso zvavo, mirangariro yemiitiro, uye gadziriro dzokutarisira masangano avo.
Simba rinomirira chishandiso chikurusa cheCongress. Imba inogona kudzosa vakuru vakuru vehurumende, kubatanidza Purezidhendi, nokuda kwe "mhosva huru navanokanganisa," uye Dare rinotonga kutonga kuti risarudze kana kubvisa mukuru mukuru wacho panzvimbo.
Basa Ramatare Emisangano Yeungano Pakutarisira
Matare ndiwo mabhiza anoshanda pakutarisira musangano, dare rimwe nerimwe riine mutoro wokutarisira masangano nemapurogiramu zviri mukati maro.
Matare Akamira
Vabati navaferefeya vane simba mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri, idzo dzakapawo simba iri kumatare eimba imwe neimwe.
Matare akamira masangano echinzvimbo ane chiremera chakajeka chakarongwa muNzvimbo Mitemo. Ane chiremera chemitemo pamaune pamatanho uye anoasvitsa pauriri nokuda kwokurangarirazve. matare akamira ane mutorowo wokutarisira masangano api naapi ehurumende kana kuti mapurogiramu anodzorwa nechiremera chawo chakati.
Dare Repaimba Rinotarisira uye Rekuchinja Hurumende
Dare rePurezidhendi neReformation idare guru rokunzvera reUnited States House of Scrities. Kudzora kwakafara kwedare nechiremera chemitemo zvinoriita rimwe ramaparera ane pesvedzero nesimba zvikurusa muImba.
Nokufamba kwenguva, utongi hweHouse Oversity and Government Reform Committee hwakakura kuti hubatanidze kutarisira matare ose ehurumende namasangano ehurumende. Kupfavisa mano ayo okuita mitoro iyoyo, dare rinoiswa chiremera chokunzvera zvose zvadzo muudzori hwaro hwemitemo, pamwe chete nedzimwe nhau dzipi nedzipi dziri mukati medzimwe matare akamira eDzimba.
Sarudza Matare
Sarudza matare masangano chaiwo anoumbwa nokusarudza kwechisarudzo chesangano. Muzvinoitika zvizhinjisa, matare anosarudza anosikwa nokuda kwedonzo rokuitisa nzvero kana kuti kurangarira nhau dzinokundikana kudzorwa nedare riripo. Sarudza matare kazhinji kazhinji anoongororwa uye anoita zvishomanene kupfuura kungonzvera bedzi nhau iripo.
Pasinei zvapo nedonzo rawo, matare anosarudza ndeechinguvana uye aripo bedzi kwenguva refu sezvo murairo wawo uchishingaira.
Mibatanidzwa Yapamusoro
Matare mazhinji akamira akakamurwa kuva madare maduku anonangidzira ngwariro panharaunda dzakati dzemiitiro mukati memitemo yakafara yedare. Makomiti anodzora anoitisa basa rakawanda routariri hune udzame, anochengeta teerero nenzvero panhau chaidzo.
Mitemo yepamba imwe neimwe inotungamirira dare rimwe nerimwe rakamira kuraira matare ayo maduku kutungamirira kana kuti kutanga mutezo muduku woutarisiri nokuda kweiri donzo.Izvi zvinovimbisa kuti mibato yokutarisira inoparadzirwa mugadziriro yose yamatare uye unyanzvi ihwohwo chaihwo hunogona kuunzwa kuti hubatwe panhau dzakaoma.
Tsigira Varongwa Vanobatsira Kutarisira Masangano
Masangano aya anobatsira kuongorora zvinhu, kuongorora, uye kuongorora kunoitwa pamusangano kunobatsira kuti pave nezvisarudzo.
Hofisi Inozvidavirira yeHurumende (GAO)
Hurumende inobatira sesangano guru rekunzvera nokunzvera reCongress. Congress ine tarisiro yakafara nezviremera zvokunzvera, izvo zvinokosha kumibato yayo yemitemo pasi peChikamu I cheBazu guru reU.S. ndirimwe remitoro mikuru yeCongress.
Mishumo iyi inogovera kuongorora, kusingatsigiri basa rehurumende, inobatsira kuti Dare rione zvinetso uye ritange kuongorora. GAO rinoongororawo nhema dzemabasa ehurumende kana kuti pfungwa dzemitemo panyaya dzakasiyana - siyana.
Congressonal Research Service (CRS)
Congress Researchal Service inogovera nzvero isina kutsi kwechechi nokunzvera kumitezo yeCongress nevashandi vayo CRS inobudisa mishumo, terranda, uye zvimwe zvinhu pamusoro penhau dzakawanda dzemitemo, ichibetsera Congress kunzwisisa misoro yakaoma uye kuita zvisarudzo zvine mufungo pamusoro pokutarisira.
Congressal Baccursor Office (CBO)
Congressal Baccursal Office inopa kuongorora kwazvinoita nhau dzemari uye dzemari.
Vaongorori Varwi
Vakuru vakuru ava vari mumasangano ehurumende vanoongorora uye vanoongorora kuti vaone uye vadzivise kurasa, kubiridzira, uye kubatwa zvisina kufanira.
Kukosha uye Kubatsira Kwoutarisiri Hunobudirira
Kunzwisisa idzi betsero kunobetsera kutsanangura chikonzero nei tarisiro ichi ichirangarirwa kuva basa rinokosha resangano resangano rakadaro rehurumende.
Kuzvidavirira Nokudzivisa Kubatwa Zvisina Kufanira
Kuziva kuti Congress iri kutarira uye inogona kuongorora zvakaipa kunoshanda sechidziviso chokusazvibata uye kunokurudzira vakuru vakuru kuti vatevere mutemo uye kuremekedza chinangwa chokuronga.
Apo ushati hunoitika, kunzvera kwesangano kunogona kuvaratidzira kuchiito chevoruzhinji chokururamisa. iri basa rokuzvidavirira rinokosha kukuchengeta chivimbo chavose muhurumende uye kuvimbisa kuti vakuru vakuru vanobatira fariro dzavose panzvimbo pefariro dzavo vamene.
Kuvandudza Kubudirira Kwehurumende
Kupfurikidza nokutarisira, Congress inogona kuziva kusawirirana mumabasa ehurumende ndokurumbidza vandudziko. Kupfurikidza nokunzvera kushanda kwepurogiramu uye kubvunza vakuru vakuru vesangano pamusoro pemiitiro yavo yokutarisira, Congress inogona kubetsera masangano kubatira zvinobudirira zvikuru ndokupa miuyo iri nani nokuda kwavateri.
Kutarisira kunobetserawo kuva nechokwadi chokuti mapurogiramu ehurumende ari kuita madonzo awo akarongerwa. Apo zvirongwa zvinenge zvisati zviri kushanda sezvakarongwa, nzvero dzesangano dzinogona kutungamirira kugadziridzo iyo inovandudza miuyo kana kuti, muzvimwe zvinoitika, kukubviswa kwepurogiramu dzisingashandisi mutengo.
Kudzivirira Fariro Yavanhu
Nokuongorora zviito zvesangano uye kuongorora zvichemo, Dare rinogona kudzivirira vagari vemo pakutsotswa nehurumende, kuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo ine musoro uye iri madikanwa, uye kusimbisa kuti zvinhu zviri kushandiswa nevanhu zviri kushandiswa zvakakodzera.
Kunzwa kwakakomba kunogoverawo nzvimbo yokuitira hanya vagari vemo namapoka anodzora kuti vaunze itiro hanya kungwariro yesangano, kuchiva nechokwadi chokuti mirangariro yakasiana - siana inorangarirwa mukunzvera gadziriro dzehurumende nemitemo.
Kuumba Kuitwa Kwechisarudzo Chomutemo
Mibato yokutarisira inobudisa mashoko anokosha ayo anobetsera Congress kuita zvisarudzo zviri nani zvomutemo.
Somuenzaniso, kana chimwe chinangwa chebasa rokutarisira chiri chokuunganidza mashoko kuti atsigire mutemo womunguva yemberi, zvingabatsira kutsvaka nzira dzichazivisa mitemo.
Kusimudzira Kuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka
Kutongwa kwehurumende uye kubudiswa kwemishumo yokuongorora zvinosimudzira kujeka mumabasa ehurumende. Uku kujeka kunobvumira vagari vemo kunzwisisa zviri kuitwa nehurumende yavo, kuti mashandire ari kuitwa madhora avo omutero, uye kana vakuru vakuru vari kuita mufariro yavanhu.
Kuona chitarisiko kunoitawo kuti vanhu vakwanise kutora rutivi mukudzora kwehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu nokupa vagari vemo mashoko avanoda kuti vamiririri vavo vakasarudzwa vazvidavirire uye kuti vataure vachiziva nezvemitemo yavose.
Zvinetso uye Kuganhurirwa Kwoutarisiri Hweungano
Nepo kutarisira musangano chiri chishandiso chine simba uye chinokosha, chinotarisana nezvinetso zvinoverengeka uye ganhuriro zvinogona kutapura kushanda kwaro.
Miganhu Yebumbiro Remitemo
Nepo chiremera cheCongress chokutarisira chiri chakafara, hachina kuganhurirwa. Mikaha ingamuka apo kunenge kusina kujeka chose chose kana Dare rine chiremera chokuita chimwe chinhu chakananga kana kuti kuunganidza mashoko akati.
Miganhu yeBumbiro reMitemo inoshanda kuutariri hweCongress nemasimba okuongorora. Izvi zvinosanganisira kudzivirira kwePendement yeChitanhatu, yeChina, uye yeshanu asi hazvibatanidzi kodzero dzokutonga dzinobatanidzwa nePramende yeChitanhatu.
Nepo simba rokunzvera rakafara, Dare Rapamusorosa chifo chapo rakatonga kuti Congress inofanira kuzviganhurira imene ku "zvinangwa zvorumano" ndokudzivisa nhau dzomunhu oga dzakasimba dzevagari vemo vamwe navamwe. Ikoku kunoreva kuti nzvero dzedare dzinofanira kuva dzine chokuita nemabasa emitemo yeCongress uye dzisingagoni kuitwa chose chose nokuda kwedonzo rokufumura chakaipa chapachivande kana kuti kuranga vanhu vamwe navamwe.
Mazano Okushandisa Mari
Matare anofanira kuva nenyanzvi dzine unyanzvi dzine unyanzvi hwokuongorora, mano okuongorora mashoko akaoma, uye mano okunzwisisa nhau dzezvirongwa. Zvisinei, zviwanikwa zvesangano zvakaganhurirwa, uye matare anofanira kuita zvisarudzo zvakaoma pamusoro pemabasa okutarisira okuisa zvinhu pakutanga.
Chisarudzo pamusoro penhau dzinobvira dzokutarisira dzakavakirwa parutongeso nenharidzano zvavatungamiriri vesangano, matare, uye Mitezo mimwe nemimwe. Izvi zvisarudzo zvingabatanidza zvinhu zviri kunze kwoukuru hweChinyorwa cheToversal. Zvisinei, kune kurukurirano dzemifungo neunyanzvi zvingava zvakakodzera kuidzi kurukurirano. Kurangarira ikoko kungabatanidza chiremera chaDare chokuita mibato yakati, pfuma inodikanwa kupedza nenzira inobudirira basa rokutarisira, uye muuyo unokarirwa wetarisiro inobudirira.
Kupesana Kwezvikamu
Kutarisira kunogona kuva kunotora vanhu zvikuru, zvikurukuru apo mapoka akasiyana - siyana anodzora Congress neWhite House.
Zvisinei, kutarisira matare kunogona kushanda chaizvo.Nyaya dzakawanda dzinoita sedzinoita kuti pave nokutarisira kunobudirira, kusanganisira: chigaro chedare chakazvipira kutarisira, kubatanidzwa kwenhengo dzematare pasinei nokushandiswa kukuru kwenguva uye zvinhu, kubhadharwa kwemabhapatisitashi (panzvimbo pokushanda pamwe chete).
Kudzivisa Bazu Kune Vatungamiriri
Bazu guru pane dzimwe nguva rinoramba nhamburiko dzokutarisira dzedare, richitaura kuti rine ropafadzo yapamusoro, richitaura kuti mashoko akati anorongwa kana kuti anodzivirirwa nomutemo, kana kuti kungoramba kubatira pamwe nezvikumbiro zvesangano.
Mumamiriro ezvinhu akadaro, sangano racho ringaedza nzira dzakasiyana - siyana kuti risaziviswe, dzakadai sokuti mashoko acho haakwanisi kuziviswa nemhaka yemutemo wakananga, mutemo, kana kuti chisarudzo chevakuru vakuru.
Kuunganidza Zvinhu Zvokutanga
Mitezo yeCongress inotarisana nezvinodikanwa zvakawanda zvinokwikwidzana panguva yavo, kubatanidza basa remitemo, basa resangano, kuronga mari, uye kutsigira kusarudzwazve. Mibato yokutarisira inogona kuva inopa nguva uye ingasaparira betsero dzimwe chetedzo dzezvamatongerwe enyika semimwe mibato, kuchitungamirira mimwe mitezo kuisa mimwe mitoro pakutanga.
Pakati pegore renguva yesarudzo, zvikurukuru, kunzvera kwemibatanidzwa kunowanzova imwe yenzira huru dzinopesvedzera kurukurirano yetsika. Naizvozvo kupfuudza mutemo mukuru kwakaoma mumigariro yakanakisisa, asi kunova kwakaoma zvikuru apo Imba neDare zvinosanokamurwa, naizvozvo kune zvinhu zviduku. Uye karenda yemitemo inopfupikiswa nenhambo dzebasa renhimberi nedzoruwa. Naizvozvo somuuyo, mubato wokutarisira, kunzvera, tsamba, mishumo yedare kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inova shoo dzinooneka zvikurusa uye dzinochinjika Dare rezvokutungamirira zvinhu.
Mienzaniso Inocherechedzeka Yokutarisira Kwemagungano
Munhau yose yeAmerica, kutarisira kwesangano kwakaita basa rinokosha mukufumura chakaipa, kuvandudza mabasa ehurumende, uye kudzivirira fariro yavose.Mienzaniso inoverengeka inooneka inoenzanisira simba noukoshi hwokutarisira kunobudirira.
Nzvero Yapamvura
Zvichida muenzaniso wakakurumbira zvikurusa woutariri hwesangano ifeyikoro yechinyadziso cheWatergate muma 1970. Dare neNzvimbo zvakanzvera kuputsika padzimbahwe reDemocratic National Committee uye chifukidzo chakatevera chakaitwa navakuru vakuru veNixon. Nzvero yakazivisa kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwakapararira kwesimba uye pakupedzisira yakatungamirira kukurega kwaPrezidhendi Nixon.
Iran-Contra Affir
Muma1980, matare esangano akaongorora kutengeswa kwezvombo zvepachivande kwehurumende yaReagan kuIran uye kuvhiringwa kwemari yokutsigira vapanduki veContra muNicaragua.
Kuongorora Nhamo Dzemari
Chimurenga cha2008 chapera, Congress yakaita kuti pave netarisiro huru yebhizimisi remari uye kuti hurumende igadzirise dambudziko iri.
Mibato Yokutarisira Yenguva Ino
Muna 2026, nhau hurusa inopfuurira. Nzvero zhinji dziri kufamba panguva ino hadzisati dziri nhano itsva. Panzvimbo pezvo, dzinovaka pazvinyorwa zvenhau zvamakore akawanda izvo matare akatokura. Ikoku ndokwechokwadi zvikurukuru munharaunda dzakadai setarisiro youtano, kuvanza, zviteshi zvemagetsi, nhau dzechengeteko dzamarudzi dzinobatanidza, somuenzaniso, China nemiitiro yebasa.
Miitiro Yakanakisisa Yokutarisira Zvirongwa Zvinobudirira
Kunzwisisa miitiro iyi yakanakisisa kunogona kubatsira kuvandudza kunaka uye simba remabasa okutarisira.
Kuzvipira Kwakasimbiswa
Kutarisira kunobudirira kunoda kuzvipira kunotsigirwa kubva kuvatungamiriri vedare nemitezo. Kutongwa kana kuti kufeyafeya kwenguva imwe kungaparira misoro mikuru yenhau asi kazhinji kazhinji kukundikana kuita vandudziko dzinogara. Kutarisira kwakatsiga kwenguva refu sezvingabvira zvikuru kunotungamirira kuchinjo dzine revo mumufambiro wamasangano uye mabasa ehurumende.
Nyanzvi Yezvokushanda
Matare anoda vashandi vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira vane unyanzvi hwokunzvera, unyanzvi hwenhau, uye mano okunzvera mashoko akaoma. Vashandi vanorovedzwa zvakanaka vanogona kuitisa nzvero huru, kugadzirira mitezo nokuda kwokunzwa, uye kuvamba rumbidzo dzokuvandudza mabasa ehurumende.
Kushandira Pamwe Kwebipartisa
Kunyange zvazvo kutarisira vatongi kuine nzvimbo yako, kushandira pamwe kwebipartis kunowanzoita kuti pave nemigumisiro inobudirira zvikuru.
Zvinangwa Zvakajeka
Matare anofanira kuziva zvaanotarisira kuti zviitwe nemabasa awo okutarisira, angave ari kuunganidza mashoko emitemo yomunguva yemberi, kuongorora purogiramu inobudirira, kuongorora kuti zvakaipa zvaitwa, kana kuti kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vazvidavirire.
Tevedzera-Kupfurikidza
Kutarisira kunoshanda zvikuru apo matare anenge aongorora zvawawana uye achitaura zvingabatanidza kupa mutemo kuti vagadzirise zvinetso zvakazivikanwa, kushandisa kukumbira kutsiva kana kuti kuranga masangano, kana kuti kutarisira kunotevera kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti masangano aita chinjo dzinorumbidzwa.
Nguva Yemberi Yokutarisirwa Nemagungano
Zvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana zvinogona kuchinja remangwana reutarisiri mumakore ari kuuya.
Kuedza Kuchinja Mazuva Ano
Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, Congress yakanzvera nzira dzokuita nadzo mabasa ayo azvino uno munharaunda ino, kubatanidza kutungamirira kwapamutemo uye kumirira kwapamutemo nokuda kwokushanda nebazu guru. Kubetsera, tanzvera zvisarudzo zveCongress. Inogona kutanga mahofisi matsva kana kuti apamutemo, miitiro youtariri, kana kuti mitemo inochinja iripo.
Ruzivo Nezvinhu Zvinoshandiswa Pakugadzira Zvinhu
Kufambira mberi muruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu uye mumashoko kuri kugovera zvishandiso zvitsva zvokutarisira musangano.Matare anogona zvino kuongorora mashoko makuru okuziva mitoo yokurasa tsvina, kubiridzira, kana kuti kushatisa, uye anogona kushandisa midziyo yemagetsi kuti aronde masangano uye kuti aite maererano nenhungamiro dzesangano.
Kuoma Kunzwisisa Kwakakura
Matare anofanira kuwedzera unyanzvi hwokunzwisisa nyaya dzemakombiyuta dzinobvira pakusachengeteka kusvika pakusashanda kweuchenjeri hwevamwe kusvika kuzvinhu zvakaoma kunzwisisa.
Kudzikamisa Kuona Zvinhu Zvakanaka Nokuchengeteka
Dare rinoramba richitarisana nematambudziko okuona kuti panodiwa kujeka muhurumende uye kuti pane zvikonzero zvakanaka zvokuchengetedza nyika uye kuti pave nemashoko akakodzera.
Nzira Iyo Vagari Vanogona Kutarisira Nayo Dare
Nepo kutarisira kwomusangano kuchiitiswa navamiriri vanosarudzwa navashandi vavo, vagari vemo vanogona kuita basa rinokosha mukutsigira nokupesvedzera mibato yokutarisira.
Kuramba Uchiziva
Vagari vemo vanogona kugara vachiziva nezvemabasa okutarisira matare nokutevera kutongwa kwematare, kuverenga mishumo yokuongorora, uye kuongorora nhau dzinokurukurwa pamusoro penhau dzedare.
Vamiriri Vanoonana
Vagari vemo vanogona kutaura nevamiririri vavo kuti vataure zvinovanetsa nezvemapurogiramu ehurumende kana kuti masangano, kutaura nyaya dzokutarisira, kana kuti kuudzana mashoko pamusoro pezvinetso zvavakasangana nazvo.
Kubatanidzwa Muzvirongwa Zvokupindura Pachena
Masangano paanotaura mitemo mitsva, vagari vemo vanogona kutora rutivi mumatanho avo kuti vagoverane maonero avo.
Kutsigira Kuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka
Vagari vemo vanogona kutsigira kujeka muhurumende nokutsigira mitemo yehurumende yapachena, kutsigira rusununguko rwemitemo yemashoko, uye kurayira kuti vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vazvidavire.
Kutora Mazano Pamusoro Pokutarisira Masangano
Kutarisira Congress chinhu chinokosha muhurumende yegutsaruzhinji yeAmerica chinobatsira kuchengeta nzira yokuongorora uye kudzikamisa yakatangwa neBumbiro Remitemo.
Nepo utariri husingadudzwi zvakajeka muBumbiro reMitemo, hwakasimbiswa sesimba rinorehwa rinokosha kumibato yemitemo yeDare. Dare Gurusa rakaziva ukuru hwechiremera chesangano rinoongorora nepo richigadzawo miganhu yebumbiro remitemo kudzivirira maruramiro omunhu oga.
Dare racho rinobatira semotokari huru yemabasa okutarisira, matare anotarisira masangano ari muhurumende dzawo uye rinosarudza matare anoongorora nyaya chaidzo.
Kutarisira kunobudirira kunogovera betsero dzinokosha, kubatanidza kuzvidavirira, kushanda zvakanaka kwehurumende, kuvandudza kudzivirira fariro yavose, kuita mirau iri nani, uye kujeka kwakawedzera. Zvisinei, tarisiro inotarisanawo nezvinetso, kubatanidza ganhuriro dzebumbiro remitemo, miganhu, kupesana kwemitengo, kusava nomubatanidzwa, kudzora kwehofisi yebazu, uye zvinokwikwidzana.
Kunzwisisa kutarisira musangano kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anofarira nzira iyo hurumende yeAmerica inoshanda nayo. Kupfurikidza nokuita kuti bazu guru rizvidavirire, kuvandudza mabasa ehurumende, uye kudzivirira fariro yavose, kutarisira kwesangano kunoita basa rinokosha mukuvimbisa kuti hurumende inobatira vanhu veAmerica nenzira inobudirira uye ine mutoro.
Mamwe Manyuko Okudzidza Pamusoro Pokutarisira Kweungano
Nokuda kwaavo vanofarira kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pokutarisira musangano, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinowanika kuti zviwedzere kunzwisisa kwako iri basa rinokosha rehurumende.
Zviwanikwa zveHurumende
Carer.gov website inogovera kusvika kudare rinotongwa, mishumo, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvokutarisira. Horo yeHurumende yeHofisi yeMasano inopa mishumo nechipupuriro pamusoro pemisoro mizhinji. Mawebsite edare rimwe nerimwe anopa mashoko pamusoro pemibato yaro yokutarisira uye miganhu.
Masangano Okudzidza uye Okutsvakurudza
Masangano akadai se Brookings Institution, Congregational Research Service, uye nzvimbo dzokunzvera dzakasiana--- siyana dzeyunivhesiti dzinoita basa renyanzvi pamusoro poutariri hwesangano. Zviwiro izvi zvinogona kugovera nenzira yakadzika-dzika yemiitiro yokutarisira, denho, uye chinjo.
Nhau Nezvinobudisa Nhau
Masangano makuru enhau nguva dzose anobatanidza mibato yokutarisira yesangano, achigovera mashoko akakodzera nguva pamusoro penzvero dzinopfuurira nokunzwa.
Zviwanikwa Zvenhau
U.S. Imba yeVamiririri History, Art & Archives inogovera mashoko enhau pamusoro penzvero dzamasangano nemibato yokutarisira. Kunzwisisa nhau youtariri kunogona kugovera mashoko akapoteredza anokosha nokuda kwenhau dzecherekedzo dzapanguva ino.
Kupfurikidza nokushandisa izvi zvinhu nokuramba vakabatikana nemibato yokutarisira, vagari vemo vanogona kunzwisisa zviri nani nzira iyo hurumende yavo inoshanda nayo ndokuita kuti vamiriri vavo vakasarudzwa vazvidavirire nokuda kwokutarisira kunobudirira kwebazu rinotungamirira.