Kunzwisisa Vateresi Vemitero Vomunharaunda

Gore rimwe nerimwe, mamiriyoni emadhora anobuda kubva kuvagari uye mabhizimisi achipinda mumitero yehurumende yomunharaunda, mitero yokutengesa, mitero yemari inobhadharwa, uye mitero yevashandi. Kunzwisisa chaizvoizvo kuti mari iyoyo inopedzwa sei hakusi kungoda kuziva chete here, iko kuvimbisana kwehurumende uye kuzvidavirira kwehurumende. Apo vagari vemo vanonzwisisa uko mari yavo yemitero inoenda, vanogona kuita zvisarudzo zvavanoziva pabhokisi remitero, vanotsigira nenzira inobudirira nokuda kwezvinodikanwa zvenzanga, uye vanobata vakuru vakuru vakuru vanosarudzwa vane mutoro wemiuyo. Nyaya ino inogovera kunzvera kwakakwana pakushandiswa kwehurumende yomunzvimbomo, gadziriro yokuwana mari yehurumende, uye zvishandiso zvokuoneka zviri pachena izvo zvinopa vagari vemo kuti vave vatsigiriki vanoshingaira muutano hwemari hwenzanga yavo.

Basa uye Kukosha Kwemitero Yomunzvimbomo

Mitero yomunzvimbomo inogovera mari iyo vagari vemo vanotsamira pairi zuva nezuva. Kusafanana nemitero yehurumende, iyo inotsigira dziviriro yenyika, Social Security, uye gadziriro dzenzvimbo dzehurumende, mitero yomunzvimbomo yakabatana zvakananga nechimiro choupenyu munzanga yakati. Manyuko makuru matatu emari yomutero yomunzvimbomo ($mabhiri, kutengesa, uye mitero yemari yemari yemari (jere) ane mavara namadonzo zvakasiyana.

Mitero Yezvinhu

Mitero yenhumbi ndiyo hombesa yemari yemari yomunzvimbomo nokuda kwamaruwa mazhinjisa ehurumende nezvikoro. Inobhadharwa panzvimbo nenzvimbo inotsamira pamipimo yepfuma inoongororwa. Iyi mitero inodzoreka zvikuru nemhaka yokuti mipimo yezvinhu haichinji nokukurumidza semari inotengwa. Mukuwirirana ne U.S. Censurence Bureaution’s Annuary of State and Local Governmental maris[, kushuwa kwemitero yemari yemari yemari inenge 72% yemari yose yomunzvimbomo yemitero munyika yose.

Mitero Inotengeswa

Mitero inotengeswa pakutenga zvinhu uye, mune dzimwe nzvimbo, mabasa. Mitero yemari inodzorwa zvikuru nemitero yemari nemhaka yokuti inotsamira pamitoo yokutenga nayo. Hurumende zhinji dzomunzvimbomo dzinoisa mutero wakaparadzana wokutengesa pamusoro pomutero wehurumende. Mari iyi inowanzopinda muhomwe inotsigira mhatsa yakafara yemibato, kubva papaki kusvikira kugadziriro dzoutano. Vatengesi vemitero vanowanzova vanotora chikamu chikuru chemari inobhadharwa kubva kudzimba dzinowana mari shoma.

Mitero Inobhadharwa Munharaunda

Mamwe maguta nemitero yemari inobhadharwa nehove dzemo yevoruzhinjiwowo pavagari vemo uye pane dzimwe nguva kuvashandi vanoshanda vari pasi pehurumende. Iyi mitero haina kuzivikanwa zvikuru pane mitero yemari nemitero yokutengesa asi inoshandiswa munzvimbo dzakadai seNew York City, Philadelphia, uye mitengo mizhinji yemari yeOhio. Mitero yemari yemo inowanzotsaurirwa kumapurogiramu egarikano yavose, kubudirira kwenzanga, uye misengwa yepeni yepeni yevashandi vehurumende.

Kupfuura izvi zvinhu zvikuru, hurumende dzomunharaunda dzinounganidzawo mhatsa yemitero nokuda kwemabasa akati — mari inobhadharwa nemvura netsvina, mvumo dzokuvaka, mamita okupaka, uye mari yepurogiramu yokuzvivaraidza.

Panoenda Vateresi Venyu: Kuparara Kwakakwana

Mari inoshandiswa nehurumende yomunzvimbomo inowanzoiswa mumibato mishomanene mikuru. Ukuru hunosiana zvikuru norudzi rwenzanga(*.ruvara rwemahombekombe, kana kuti rweguta(*) uye nemitemo yehurumende ingaraira mwero wakati wemari yezvikoro kana kuti mimwe mibato. Pasi apa kutariswa kwakadzika-dzika kwenzvimbo dzinoshandiswa zvikurusa.

Dzidzo

Dzidzo yavose indyiko hurusa nokuda kwehurumende zhinjisa dzomunzvimbomo, dzichipedza inenge 30% kusvikira ku 40% yemari yemari inobhadharwa. Iyi mari inofukidza mudzidzisi nemari yemari inobhadharwa navatarisiri, migove yekirasi, kuvaka, zvokufambisa, uye mapurogiramu epashure pechikoro. Mudzimwe nyika, maruwa anyika masangano ehurumende ane chiremera chakazvimirira, asi achiri kutsamira zvikuru pamitero yenzvimbo dzomunzvimbomo. Somuenzaniso, [[FLT: 0] Uban Institute inotsinhira kuti mari inoshandiswa pa $8,000 mumamwe maruwa inosvika ku $5 000 000 000 (Z $6 000) mumimwe, inodzorwa zvikurukuru nepfuma yemari yomunharaunda. Kunzwisisa mubatanidzwa pakati pemari yako yemitero nezvikoro yomunzvimbomo kunogona kukurudzira vagarikidza kutsigira zvibvumirano kana kuti vatsigiridzo nokuda kwemiteshi yehurumende.

Kuchengeteka Kwevanhu Vose

Mapurisa, moto, uye mabasa okurapa anokurumidzira anowanzoreva 20% kusvika ku25% yemari inobhadharwa. Mari inotengeswa namapurisa inobatanidza mubhadharo nebetsero nokuda kwavakuru vakuru, rovedzo, midziyo, motokari, uye gadziriro dzemichina zvakadai senzvimbo dzokutumira mashoko nemakamera. Madhipatimendi emoto anoda kuiswa mari muzviteshi, injini, mapayi, zvokudzivirira, uye kurovedzwa kupfuurira kwebasa rinozvipira. Munzanga dzakawanda, kuchengeteka kwavose iboka rechipiri rakakura pashure pedzidzo. Vagari vanowanzoda mwero yakakwirira yokuchengeteka kwavose, asi kushambadza kungava inokosha: wedzero mumari yomumapurisa ingareva mapaki, maraibhurari, kana kuti mabasa enzanga anozvipira. Kuziva pamusoro peidziridziridziri dzebhizimisi dzinova dzokutengeserana dzinobvumira vagarikanwa kupinda mumagariro enzanga pamusoro pezviko.

Kugadzirwa Kwezvinhu uye Zvekufambisa

Migwagwa, mabhiriji, nzira dzomumugwagwa, zviratidzo zvemigwagwa, uye gadziriro dzezvifambiso zvavose zvinoda mari inopfuurira. Kushandiswa kwemari kunowanzotsigirwa kupfurikidza nemubatanidzwa wemitero yezvinhu, mitero yokutengesa, mitero yehurumende, uye zvibvumirano zvemibatanidzwa. American Society of Civil Enginegers [[FL:0]] Kunyora Radiro yemotokari, uye gadziriro dzezviteshi zvemotokari dzinobatsira vagari vomunzvimbomo kuyera kana nharaunda yavo ichivakwa. Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinotarisanawo nemitoro inokura nokuda kwokutarisira mhepo, kukwidziridza, uye zviteshi zvemagetsi emagetsi. Kunzwisisa chikamu chemitero yemari yenyu kunobetsera kana kuti nharaunda yavo inovakwa.

Utano Nemabasa Avanhu

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinoita basa rinokosha muutano hwavanhu, mabasa enzanga, uye garikano. Ikoku kunobatanidza madhipatimendi outano, makiriniki endangariro, nzvimbo dzokugara, mapurogiramu ebetsero yezvokudya, uye mabasa akakwirira. Mari inobva mumitero yomunzvimbomo pamwe chete nemipiro yehurumende. Mukati memigariro yezvoutano yavose, zvakadai seCHOVID-19, masangano outano omunzvimbomo anoitwa nokukurumidza asi anowanzotarisana neganhuriro dzemari. Vagari vazhinji havazivi kuti mari yavo yomutero yomunzvimbomo inotsigira mapurogiramu akadai seWic (Vakadzi, Vacheche, uye vana), mabasa anodzivirira vana, uye kurovedza basa. Kushuma nenzira yakajeka paidziyo kunobetsera kuvimba navanhu uye kuvimbisa kuti vanhu vapiwe tsigiro yakakwana.

Mapaki, Nhandaro, uye Tsika

Mapaki, nzvimbo dzokutambira, nzvimbo dzenzanga, madziva, maraibhurari, mamiziyamu, uye zvinoitika zvetsika zvinotsigirwa zvikurukuru nemadhora omuno. Nepo pane dzimwe nguva zvichirangarirwa se “kuzvibhadharira,” aya mativi akaratidzirwa kuvandudza utano hwenyama, nzanga, uye mipimo yezvinhu. Vimbai Nyika yavose [, maguta anoisa mari mumapaki anoona kuderera kweutsotsi uye kuwedzera kwebasa rokunyama. Zvirongwa zvevaraidzo zvepwere nedzezvokushandirana zvinogovera nzvimbo dzakakotsekana neroko. Masangano emari yemapepa anopa kuwanikwa kwapachena kwemabhuku, Internet, uye mari yokutsvaka basa. Pari mitero iyi imabasa, mabasa aya anowanzo kuchekwa, mabasa okugadzira, mabhiza okutanga, kucherwa kwoutsa upenyu.

Hurumende Neutungamiriri

Chikamu chiduku asi chinokosha chemari yemitero yomunzvimbomo mibato yokutarisira yehurumende: miripo yavakuru vakuru inosarudzwa, guta kana kuti vashandi veruwa, madhipatimendi ezvemari, masangano ezvemari, mavhoti, sarudzo, uye ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwamashoko. Nepo iyi ndyiko ichikwezva kuyera jekiseni. Zvikurukuru apo inozivikanwa se “musoro” zvinodikanwa kuva nechokwadi chokuzvidavirira, kuteererwa, uye kupiwa kwebasa kunobudirira. Somuenzaniso, fekitari yemari inodzivisa kubiridzira uye inovimbisa kuti mari yemitero inotengwa zvakafanira. Kupa mari muruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu kunogona kuderedza ndyira nguva refu kupfurikidza nokunyoresa zvikumbiro zvehurumende uye kukumbira zvinyorwa zvavose.

Kurongwa Kunoitwa Vateresi Vemunharaunda: Gadziriro Yebhajeti

Kugoverwa kwemadhora omutero hakungoerekani kwaitwa; kunotevera muitiro wemari wokuronga iyo inowanzova mwedzi inoverengeka.

Kuisa Zvinhu Zvokutanga Panzvimbo Yenhando Nokufunga Nezvezvinhu Zvinokosha

Kutenderera kwemari kunowanzovamba mwedzi mitanhatu kusvikira kumipfumbamwe pamberi pokuvamba kwegore remari. Madhipatimendi ehurumende omunzvimbomo anounza zvikumbiro zvemari zvakavakirwa pazvinodikanwa zvinokarirwa zvokutarisira zvoutano zvavashandi, midziyo mitsva, zvirongwa zvedzimbahwe, uye purogiramu. Mukuru mukuru wemabharani (kana kuti maneja weguta) uye hwirudzuro dzemari dzinopesana nezvipingamupinyi zvinotengwa. Chikamu ichi kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji chinobatanidza kushairwa kwemibato yakaoma: ko guta rinofanira kupinza mapurisa akawanda kana kuti kugadzira migwagwa mizhinji here?

Kutandanisa Mari Yakarongwa

Pashure pehwirudzuro yomukati, bazu guru rinopa bhajeti yakakarakadzwa kudare rewisgnounity (gurukota, komishoni yeruwa, dare rechikoro). Dzvivhozhonga inokarakadzwa inobatanidza mapurani okushandisa kwakazara nokuda kwedhipatimendi riri rose, pamwe chete nokudeya kutaurwa kwemari. Hurumende zhinji dzomunzvimbomo zvino dzinobudisa bhajeti inokarakadzwa paIndaneti nokuda kwetsinhiro dzavose, dzichibvumira vagari varo kuona kuti mari yavo ichagoverwa sei chaizvo. Somuenzaniso, vhura The Bookts.com inogovera manyuro anoshandiswa nehurumende yomunzvimbomo yomunzvimbomo, inoita kuti vagari vemo vagocheke manyuro mumite zvinhu.

Kutongwa Nevanhu uye Kubudiswa Kwemashoko Munzanga

Hurumende zhinjisa dzomunzvimbomo dzinodikanwa nomutemo kuti dzipedzisire dzisarudze bhajeti yokupedzisira. Uku kunzwa ibanza ravagari vemo rokupupurira kana kuti kupesana nezvirongwa zvakati. Nenzira isingafadzi, kupinda paidzi temberi kazhinji kazhinji kwakaderera, kureva boka duku asi rine inzwi rinogona kuva nepesvedzero dzisingaenzaniki. Vagari vemo vanotora nguva yokupinda `nonyora tsinhiro chaidzoidzo. Nokuda kwaavo vasingagoni kupinda, maguta mazhinji zvino anopa masuo epapuko epaIndaneti uye misangano mipenyu.

Kurerwa Nevana Vasina Vamwe Kwokupedzisira Nokushandiswa

Pashure pokubatanidza mubatanidzwa wavose uye kugadziridza, mavhota edare remitemo kuti agamuchire bhajeti yokupedzisira. Kana atenderwa, madhipatimendi angovamba kupedza kurukurirano. Zvisinei, muitiro wacho haugumiri ipapo. Mugore rose, gadziridzo dzemari dzingadikanwa nemhaka yemari shomanene, migariro yengozi, kana kuti mikana mitsva. Kucherekedzo yemari inonzvera mari mukushandisa chaiko kupesana nebhajeti, uye iyi mishumo imagwaro avose. Vagari vanoona mishumo iyi vanogona kubata kupesana kana kuti pasi pepurogiramu dzinorongwa dzemari dzinogona kukurumidza kutora purogiramu yedare rinotevera.

Basa Rinokosha Rokuona Zvakanaka

Kuona mari inobhadharwa nehurumende kunovaka chivimbo uye kunodzivisa kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwemari yavose.Vagari vemo pavanogona kuwana nyore nyore mashoko akajeka, akakodzera nguva pamusoro pemabhajeti uye ndyiko, vane bviro huru yokuwirirana nemisengwa yemitero uye kutora rutivi mukudzora.

Kutanga Kuziva Mashoko

Hurumende dzakawanda dzomunzvimbomo dzakagamuchira miitiro yemitemo yakazaruka, kubudisa mashoko pamusoro pemari, zvibvumirano, uye mashandiro. Somuenzaniso, Data.gov madhingi edziva rekushandira mahofisi edata akazaruka omunzvimbomo, achibvumira vagari vemo kunzvera kupedza muguta ravo vamene. Mienzaniso inosainwa inobatanidza Hofisi yeBajekana reChicago nenzvimbo inoiswa pamutemo yeLos Angeles. Matururo anorega vagari vashavo vachinzvera nedhipatimendi, mutengesi, kana kuti purogiramu, zvichiita kuti zvibvire kuona kuti idi inopedzerwa muguta ravo vamene kana kuti purogiramu dzechikoro.

Kushuma Nokuongorora Nguva Dzose

Kunzvera kwokuzvidira kunokosha kusimbisa kuti madhora omutero akashandiswa zviri pamutemo uye nenzira inobudirira. Hurumende zhinjisa dzomunzvimbomo dzinodikanirwa kuongororwa kamwe pagore kana dzikawana chitsama chemari yehurumende. Uku kunzvera kunobudiswa paIndaneti uye kunogona kuzivisa utera mukudzora kwomukati kana kuti zvinoitika zvetsvina. Mukuwedzera, magenti okushanda kwebasa (jekicha anoyera kana mapurogiramu asvika migumisiro yawo yakarondwa nevava kuwanda. Vagari vemo vanogona kushandisa mishumo iyi kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vazviwane mhosva nokuda kwemigumisiro, kwete kungobvuma chete.

Mapoka Anotarisira uye Anongwarira Anogara Achigara Munzvimbo Yacho

Masangano asingapinzi mhindu uye madare evagari vemo anopa udzori hwezvokuwedzera. Mapoka akafanana neCBICO Federation muIllinois neEmpire Center muNew York anonzvera bhajeti yomunzvimbomo uye kutsigira miitiro yakanakisisa. Masangano mazhinji ane mapoka emitero anotera ayo anopa mirayiridzo yapachena kunzwisiso yemari yehurumende. Vagari vanogona kukumbanira matare ezvokuronga mari kana kuti vazvipiri vemapurai ane chokuita nemari kuti vawane nzwisiso yakananga pamaitirwe ezvisarudzo zvemari.

Matanho Anoshanda Okubatanidzwa

Kushanda kwevagari vemo vane ruzivo chinhu chakanakisisa chokudzivirira pakushandisa mari yemitero zvisina kufanira.

  • Wana bhajeti yako yomunzvimbomo: Shanyira guta rako kana kuti website yeruwa ndokutsvaka “Bridge” kana kuti“ Peji”. Manisiparati akawanda anobudisa bhajeti yegore razvino pamwe chete nezvinyorwa zvamakore akatangira.
  • Yakaita musangano wedare: Kunyange kana usingagoni kutaura, kuteerera kurukurirano dzemari yemari kunogovera mashoko akapoteredza anokosha. Tsvaka chinyorwa chezvikamu zvakarongwa chakanzi “Kunzwa Kwavose Pabhajeti.”
  • Shandisa maturusi okuona: Zvikuva zvokuongorora zvakadai se [[FT:2] paMazita eRedar (Calfornia) kana OpenSET (mazita omunzvimbomo) kumitoo yokushandisa.
  • Iwera musangano renzanga: makirabhu eRotary, masangano enharaunda, uye zvikwata zvehurumende zvinowanzogamuchira vakurukuri panhau dzemari dzomunzvimbomo. Mapoka aya anogona kuwedzera inzwi rako apo anotsigira nokuda kwezvokutanga zvakadai semapaki kana kuti kugadzirirwa kwemigwagwa.
  • Tumira mumiriri wako: Ituma email pfupi kana kuti runhare uchibvunza mibvunzo yakananga pamusoro pokushandisa mukamuri rako. Vakuru vakuru vanopa ngwariro kuzvinhu zvakabatanidzwa.
  • Mipimo yekomupiyuta yomunzvimbomo: nhau dzechisungo, kuwedzera kwomutero, uye kupedza hepisi kazhinji kazhinji zvinooneka pamapepa. Nzvera tsananguro dzapamutemo nenzvero dzamagariro pamberi pokuvhota.

mhedziso

Madhora omunharaunda ndiwo musi wemitero unokosha wemitero unorondedzera kunaka kwoupenyu hwenzanga (kubva muzvikoro nekotsekano yavose kumapaki nezvivako. Kunyange zvakadaro vagari vazhinji vanoramba vasingazivi kuti mashandiro anoita mari iyoyo, anopiwa, uye anoshandiswa. Nokutora nguva kuti vanzwisise mashandiro ebhajeti, midziyo yokuona, uye kutora rutivi mumisangano yavose, vagari vemo vanogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti mitero yavo yemitero inopa ukoshi hwakawanda. Chipikirwa neruzivo hachisi checheki patsvina yehurumende; isimba guru rokuumba nzanga ine chokuita nechinhu chimwe. Kutanga nhasi kuvhura chinyorwa chemari inoiswa mari, kupinda musangano wavose, kana kuti kukumbanira boka rakanaka renzanga yako.