Table of Contents

Bazu remitemo rinobatira sechinhu chinokosha chokudzora kwehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, rinoshandisa simba guru rokuita, gadziridzo, uye kugadza mitemo inoumba nzanga. Kunzwisisa mutoo wakaoma kunzwisisa uyo zvikwereti zvinotangwa nawo, kukurukurwa, kugadziridzwa, uye pakupedzisira kuvhoterwa mumutemo kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anotsvaka kunzwisisa kuti mabasa ehurumende sei uye kuti vagari vemo vanogona sei kutora rutivi mumuitiro wedemocracy. Iyi nhungamiro yakakwana inonzvera rutivi rwuri rwose rwemuitiro wemitemo, kubva pamavambo okutanga epfungwa kusigino yokupedzisira inoshandura chikarakadzo chive mutemo unoumba.

Bhiri uye Mabhiri Anobvepi?

Mabhiri anomirira mutoo mukuru uyo matare emitemo anoshandura nawo miitiro kuva gadziriro dzemitemo dzakasimba dzinodzora nzanga. Muitiro wemitemo unovamba nguva refu mutemo usati watangwa nenzira yakarongwa, kazhinji kazhinji uchibva kumanyuko akasiyana - siyana uye vachengeti vemibatanidzwa yemitemo mutsika yose yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Manyuko Epfungwa Dzomutemo

Manyuko epfungwa dzemitemo haana kuganhurirwa uye anokarakadzwa kunyorwa kwemabhiri anobva munzvimbo dzakawanda dzakasiyana- siyana. Mutezo upi noupi weCongress – unobva kuDare kana kuti Imba kana kuti Vamiririri – uyo ane pfungwa yomutemo anogona kuita chibvumirano. Iyi mifungo inobva kumitezo yeCongress iyo imene kana kuti kuvagari vemo vezuva riri rose namapoka okusagona kudzora. Mitezo yeCongress ingatanga zvikarakadzo zvemitemo zvakavakirwa pazvipikirwa zvenhimberi zvemitemo zvakaitwa mukati merusarudzo rwavo, mitoro inosimudzwa muhoro dzetaundi kana kuti zvinyorwa, kana kuti nhau dzavanoziva pashure pokutora nzvimbo.

Munguva dzazvino uno, "kurukurirano yokuuraya" yazova manyuko makuru ezvikarakadzo zvemitemo. Kurukurirano yacho inowanzova muchimiro cheshoko kana kuti tsamba inobva kumutezo weKabhini yaPurezidhendi, musoro wesangano rakasununguka, kana kuti Purezidhendi amene, achitumira chinyorwa chomutemo unokarakadzwa kuSabata weHouse of Sreaderts naPresident weDare. Iyi bazu rehurumende rinoratidzira mugariro une wirirano wamapazu ehurumende, kunyange zvazvo Congressss achigara chiremera chemitemo kuti apedze.

Uyezve, matare ehurumende, mapoka ezvirongwa zvezvipfuudzo, masangano enyanzvi, uye vagari vemo vamwe navamwe vose vanogovera pfungwa idzo pakupedzisira dzingava mutemo wehurumende.

Kuchinja Mitemo

Mitezo navashandi vayo vanowanzobvunza magweta asingapinzi muhofisi yeChipo cheMirayiro yekamuri rimwe nerimwe nokuda kwebetsero mukuisa zvikarakadzo zvemitemo mumutauro wewirirano. Uyu muitiro wounyanzvi unokosha nemhaka yokuti mitemo inofanira kunyorwa noururami kudzivisa miuyo isingakwaniswi. Mahofisi ezano remitemo anoshandisa magweta ane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira anonzvera mifungo yemitemo mumutauro wapamutemo unodikanirwa nokuda kwomutemo unoshanda.

Chikamu chokunyora chinowanzobatanidza kunzvera kukuru, kubvunzana nenyanzvi dzenhau, uye kusanorangarira kuti mutemo unokarakadzwa uchabatana sei nemitemo iripo. Vagadziri vanofanira kukarira zvinetso zvingaitwa, mibvunzo yebumbiro remitemo, uye miuyo inoshanda pavachengeti vemichero yakasiana - siana. Iri basa rokugadzirira, kunyange zvazvo risingaoneki zvikuru kuvanhu, rinoumba nheyo yomutemo unobudirira.

Mutezo mukuru weCongress unotsigira muganhu unonzi "sponsor". Mitezo inotsigira pamutemo wacho inonzi "co-sponsors". Mitezo ingaparadzira bhiri racho ndokubvunza vamwe mukamuri racho (kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza netsamba dzinodiwa Colleague dzinosainwa sevatsigiri vepepa vekare kuti varatidze tsigiro yakasimba yepfungwa. Kuvaka co-ponsorship mubato mubato wakakodzera unoratidzira kumimwe mitezo, utungamiriri hwebato, uye vanhu vose kuti mutemo une tsigiro ine revo nesimba.

Nhamba nemhatsa yemacones anogona kupesvedzera zvikuru kariro dzegweta. Bipartisan co-sponshipship, umo mitezo yemativi makuru ose ari maviri inotsigira mutezo, kazhinji kazhinji inowedzera bviro yokupfuura, zvikurukuru nokuda kwemitemo inomutsa nharo kana kuti yakaoma. Vatsigiri vanopesvedzera nokushingaira shamwari dzavo, kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, uye basa kuvaka bvumirano dzinogona kuchengeta gweta kupfurikidza nomuitiro wemitemo murefu.

Kutanga uye Kutsiva Mabhiri

Kana bhiridha rangonyorwa bedzi uye vatsigiri vachichengetwa, rinofanira kusumwa nenzira yakarongwa muImba yaVamiririri kana kuti zvimwe Dare. Muitiro wokusuma unoratidzira mavambo apamutemo erwendo rwechibvumirano nomugadziriro yemitemo uye unonyandura nhano dzemitemo dzinotevedzana dzichasarudza mugumo wadzo.

Mazivirwo Anoitwa Mabhiri

Muimba, mutengo unotangwa apo unodonhedzwa muhomwe (bhokisi remiti pauriri hweImba). MuDare, mutengo unopiwa kuvamiriri pauriri hweDare. izvi zvinoratidzika kuva zviito zvakapfava zvinotakura uremu hunokosha, sezvo zvinoisa pamutemo muchinyorwa chemitemo ndokuvamba muitiro wokurangarira kwomuitiro.

Pasumo, pamutemo wacho uchagamuchira zita rakavakirwa panzvimbo yesumo, somuenzaniso, H.R. nokuda kwemabhiri eimba akavamba kana kuti zvisarudzo zvechikamu neS.J.Res. nokuda kwezvipimo zveDare zvamavambo. Ichagamuchirawo nhamba, iyo inowanzova nhamba inotevera munhevedzano mukati meChibvumirano chamakore maviri. Iyi nhamba inobvumira kuronga nokunongedzera kwakarurama mumuitiro wechibvumirano. Dare rimwe nerimwe, iro rinogara makore maviri, rinovamba nenhamba yezhimberiso, uye nhamba dzinogoverwa sezvikwereti zvinopi zvinoziviswa.

Gadziriro yeDare yeReferral

Kana nhengo yeImba kana kuti Dare yangosuma mutongo, inowanzonongedzerwa kudare (kana kuti matare) munzvimbo iyoyo ine udzori pazvinhu zvayo. MuImba, mabhiri ipapo anonongedzerwa kuMukurukuri, pazano redare risiri reparamende, kumatare ose ane chiremera pagadziriro mupepa, sezvinosarudzwa nemitemo yakamira yekamuri uye zvisarudzo zvekare. Chisarudzo ichi chinonongedzera kumutemo chinotsoropodza nemhaka yokuti inhengo dzedare dzichasarudza kuti ichava nemukanai wokutanga kuumba mutemo.

Zvikurukuru muImba, mari yepepa ingaiswa kumatare akawanda. Kana matare akawanda akagamuchira udzori, rimwe nerimwe rinoshanda bedzi pazvikamu zvemutemo zvinopinda munzvimbo yaro yeunyanzvi. MuDare, zvikwereti zvinowanzoendeswa kudare mugadziriro yakafanana, kunyange zvazvo muzviitiko zvinenge zvose, mutengo wacho unongonongedzerwa kudare bedzi rine simba pamusoro penhau dzinodzora mumutemo.

Muzviitiko zvishomanana, mari yokubhadhara ingasaendeswa kudare, asi panzvimbo pezvo ingoiswa paDare Rematanho ebhizimisi kupfurikidza nenhevedzano yenhanho dzemiitiro yepasi apa.

Kurangarira Dare: Mwoyo Wegadziriro Yomutemo

Matare anobatira semabhiza ebasa eCongress, uko nzvero ine udzame, kunatswa, uye kukurukurwa kwemitemo kunoitika. Mumakamuri ose ari maviri, maongorori emitemo akawanda ari mumatare akamira, mapoka emitezo ayo anotungamirira chaizvoizvo mukuvamba nokuyera mutemo unokarakadzwa mumitemo yakajeka. Chikamu chedare ndicho umo zvikwereti zvizhinjisa zvinofambira mberi kupfurikidza nokupfuura kana kuti kufa pasina imwezve rangariro.

Chirongwa Chedare Nechiremera

Imba yavamiriri inokamuranisa basa rayo pakati pamatare anopfuura makumi maviri echigarire. Dare rinochengeta gadziriro yakafanana, kunyange zvazvo nemisiano musangano nehurumende. Dare rimwe nerimwe rinonangidzira ngwariro panzvimbo chaidzo dzemiitiro dzakadai sokurima, mabasa ane zvombo, bhajeti, dzidzo, simba, ukama hwokumwe, judicary, kana kuti zvokufambisa. Uku kuzivikanwa kunobvumira mitezo kutanga unyanzvi hukuru munhau dzakati uye inovimbisa kusanonzverwa kwenhau dzemiitiro yakaoma.

Chigaro chedare chine chiremera chikuru chinoronga nokuda kwedare rimwe nerimwe uye chinozivisa kuti zvikweretii zvichagamuchira ngwariro yakarongwa yedare mukati menhambo yeDare ramakore maviri. Iri simba rokuchengeta masuo rinoumba zvigaro zvamadare pakati pemitezo inopesvedzera zvikurusa yeDare. Matare haarangariri nenzira yakarongwa chimwe nechimwe chezvikwereti izvi zvinodudzwa. Kutaura idi, ndyiko hurusa yezvikwereti zvinopinzwa muCongress haitongogamuchiri kurangarirwa kwedare uye naizvozvo haatongofambiri mberi kupfuura iyi nhano yokutanga.

Kuhwirudzura Kwapachivande

Pashure pokunge bhiridha ratangwa uye ranongedzerwa kudare rehurumende, dare richawanzotumira mwero wacho kunzvimbo yaro duku yefundo, kunzwa, gadziridzo, uye tendero. Mahofisi apasi anogovera rumwe rutivi rwekuwedzera rwekujeka, kuchibvumira kusanosanonakwa kwenzvimbo dzakatetepa dzemiitiro. Somuenzaniso, House Committee on Energy and Commerce ine mibato mishomanene inobata nenhau dzakananga dzakafanana noutano, mhoteredzo, kurukurirano, uye dziviriro.

Kazhinji kazhinji, matare anonongedzera zvikwereti kudare duku refundo nokugadzikisa kwavo vamene. Mutezo muduku ungaita chinjo kumutemo uye unofanira kuvhota kunongedzera bhiri kudare rakazara. Uyu mutumbi muduku unowedzera nguva kurwendo rwemitemo asi unovimbisa kudzokororwa kukuru kwezvikarakadzo zvemitezo ine unyanzvi hwakafanira zvikurusa.

Dare Rinotonga

Dare ringaitisa kutonga papepa rokugovera mitezo yedare nevoruzhinji banza rokunzwa kumativi akasarudzwa (muchib., sangano rehurumende kana kuti fariro yakarongwa) pamusoro pesimba remari noutera. Kazhinji kazhinji, nhano yokutanga muiyi gadziriro inzwiro yavose apo dare kana kuti mitezo inobatira dare inonzwa zvapupu zvakasiana - siana zvinomirira zvinangwa zvakawanda: zvinoita chinyorwa chavose chouchapupu noufakazi, zvinobvumira mitezo kubvunza ndokuunganidza mashoko, uye zvinogovera vachengeti vemipikitoko mukana wokutaura nzvimbo dzavo.

Kunzwa kunobvumira mirangariro yebazu guru, nyanzvi, vamwe vakuru vakuru vehurumende navatsigiri, uye vashori vomutemo unofanira kunyorwa. Zvapupu pakutongwa zvingabatanidza vanyori vedare, vatarisiri vamasangano, nyanzvi dzedzidzo, vamiriri vemaindasitiri, vatungamiriri veboka rokudzora, uye vanhu vanotapurwa. Uchapupu nokubvunzwa pakutongwa zvinogona kupesvedzera zvikuru kuti mitezo yedare inorangarira sei pamutemo uye kuti injoi dzaingada kuita.

Mitongo yedare inowanzozarurirwa vanhu vose nezvinobudisa nhau, zvichigovera kujeka mumuitiro wemitemo. Kuparadzirwa kwemitemo kunova rutivi rwenhau yemitemo iyo matare namasangano angabvunza gare gare pakududzira mutemo. Zvisinei, haisi mabhiri ose anogamuchira kutonga; zvigaro zvedare zvinoshandisa uchenjeri mukusarudza kuti mwero upi wokunzvera pachena.

Chikamu Chokucherekedza

Pashure pokunge dare rapedzwa, bhoti rinorangarirwa murusando runozivikanwa navose se "mark-up" rusando. Papfundo rino, kugadziriswa kungapiwa kupepa, uye dare kana kuti dare rinovhota kuti rigamuchire kana kuti kuramba idzi chinjo. Apo dare rinodzokororwa rinopedzwa, dare richasangana ku "mascread" pepa. Vanoita chinjo nedzosero pamberi pokurumbidza mutengo ku "floor".

Rusando rwokupa runomirira banza redare rokunatsa nokuvandudza mutemo wakavakirwa pamashoko anounganidzwa mukati mekutongwa uye kupfurikidza nefungidziro dzemitezo. Kugadzikiswa kunokarakadzwa mukati mokubhadharwa kunogona kuvambira paruramiso dzounyanzvi huduku kusvikira kuchinjo dzakasimba. Mitezo yeDare inokurukura idzi gadziridzo nevhoti pamumwe nomumwe, zvishoma nezvishoma ichiumba pamutemo kuva chimiro chinogona kuraira voruzhinji kutsigira.

Dare richava ne "marking-pas" rusando umo richaita dzokororo newedzero. Kana dare rikagadziridzwa zvikuru, rinogona kurayira kutangwa kwe "mutezo wakachena" uyo uchabatanidza kugadziridzwa kunokarakadzwa. Iri gwaro idzva richava nenhamba itsva uye richatumirwa kuuriri apo mutemo wekare ucharaswa. Uyu muitiro wakachena unodira muuriri kupfurikidza nokupa rugwaro rumwe, rune mashoko akarongwa panzvimbo penhevedzano yakaoma yedzokororo dzemitemo yapakuvamba.

Mishumo Yedare

Pamhedziso yerangariro, vhoti yedare kana kuti mitezo inosungirwa dare inotorwa kuti isarudze chiito chokutora pamwero wacho. Inogona kushumwa, kana kuti pasina kugadziriswa, uko kusati kuchireva chimwe chiito pairi. Kunyora nenzira inobudirira "kuuraya" chiyero. Kana dare risingarongi mutemo mukamuri rakazara reCongress, mutemo unofa. Kana dare rivhotera kutsigira pamutemo, rinoshumwa kuudzwa kuuriri.

Mishumo yeDare ndiwo manyuko enhau emitemo anonyengetedza zvikurusa. Pashure pokunge mushumo wacho washumwa, vashandi vedare vanogadzirira mushumo wakanyorwa unotsanangura chikonzero nei vanotsigira mutengo wacho uye chikonzero nei vachida kuona kugadziriswa kwavo, kana kuri kuti kupi nokupi, kugamuchirwa. Mitezo yeDare iyo inoshora mutemo pane dzimwe nguva inonyora pfungwa inopesana mumushumo wacho. Iyi mishumo inogovera mashoko anokosha pamusoro pevavariro yokuronga kutongwa uye inobvunzwa kazhinji kazhinji nematare, masangano, uye nyanzvi dzemitemo pakududzira mitemo.

Mishumo yeDare inobatanidza zvikamu zvinoverengeka: rondedzero yedonzo remari noukuru, tsananguro yegadziridzo dzedare, kunzverwa kwetapuro yemari pamitemo namapurogiramu zviripo, fungidziro dzemari dzakagadzirwa neCongregational Dhanism Office, uye mashoko anobva kumasangano ebazu makuru.

Kurangarira Nokukakavadzana

Kana dare rangoshuma mutongo wakanaka, rinoenda pauriri hweImba kana kuti Dare kuti rirangarire kupfurikidza nemitezo yakazara.Kurangarira kworuvara kunomirira nzvimbo yakakomba umo mitezo yose ine banza rokukurukura, kugadzirisa, uye vhoti pamutemo.

Mitemo Yokuronga Kushanda

Chiyero chakagadzirirwa kurangarirwa neNzvimbo yakazara pashure pokunge yashumwa nedare. Mutauri weImba neMutungamiriri weDare vanosarudza kana uye apo bhiriti rinosvika pamberi pedare rakazara reImba neDare, nenzira inotevedzana, nokuda kwekurukurirano nokugadziridzwa uye ipapo chikamu chokupedzisira. Iri simba rokuronga rinopa vatungamiriri vebato udzori hunokosha papurogiramu yemitemo uye rinovabvumira kuronga zvikwereti zvakati apo vanenge vachinonoka kana kuti vachidzivisa vamwe.

MuImba, mutemo unokosha zvikurusa unoiswa paimwe yekarenda dzinoverengeka dzinoronga zvikwereti norugwaro uye nzvimbo yokutanga. Komiti yeHouse Mission Committee inowanzoita basa rinokosha kupfurikidza nokugadza mitemo chaiyo inodzora kuti zvikwereti zvakati zvichakurukurwa sei. Dzimwe nguva, rangariro ingadzorwa ne "ruramo". Mutemo umene chisarudzo chakapfava, chinofanira kupfuudzwa neImba uye icho chinogadza mitemo chaiyo yekurukurirano nokuda kwegweta rakati (i. inguva ichava inobvumirwa nokuda kwekurukurirano, kana kugadziriswa kwezviito kuchigona kupiwa, uye zvimwe zvinhu).

Dare rinoshanda nemiitiro inochinjika zvikuru inopa vatenzi mumwe nomumwe pesvedzero huru zvikuru pakuronga. Vatungamiriri vedare vanowanzotaurirana nemitezo kuti ironge nguva kupfurikidza nomuitiro unonzi "uSangano revuriro," unoda bvumirano inobva kuvatenzi vose. Iyi tsika inopa kunyange chiwiriraniso chimwe chedare redare chine rekona chimwe chinokosha kuti chinonokere kana kuti chidzivire mutemo.

Misiyano Pakati Pezviito Zveimba Nedare

Misha miviri yakaenzana zvikuru mumabasa ayo omutemo nemabasa. Imba bedzi inogona kuvamba mutemo wemari, uye Dare bedzi rinosimbisa kunyoreswa kwapurezidhendi nezvibvumirano zvinotenderwa, asi kugadzwa kwomutemo nguva dzose kunoda kuti makamuri ose ari maviri abvumirane zvakasiana muchimiro chimwe chetecho pamberi pokuupa kuna Purezidhendi. Pasinei zvapo nouku kuenzana kukuru, makamuri akavamba tsika dzakasiana zvakajeka.

Zvikurukuru, mitemo yedzimba nemiitiro zvinobvumira voruzhinji kuita mitemo nokukurumidza zvikuru. Mitemo yeDare nemiitiro, pane rumwe rutivi, zvinotendera kurangarira chiito chokukurumidza, sezvo zvinogovera simba retsika kunyanzvi dzinoshanda. Imba, nemitezo yayo 435, inoda miitiro yakarongeka zvikuru kuti ishande zvakanaka. Dare, nemitezo 100 bedzi, rakashanda nenzira dzegamuchidzanwa nemiitiro isina kurongwa inodzivirira maruramiro mashoma zvikuru uye inokurudzira kurukurirano yakawedzerwa.

Iyi misiano yetsika inoratidzira mabasa akasiyana ebumbiro remitemo akafungwa nokuda kwekamuri rimwe nerimwe. Imba, namashoko ayo ane makore maviri akavakirwa pavagari vemo, yakarongedzerwa kuva inogamuchira zvikuru murangariro wakakurumbira. Dare, rine mashoko amakore matanhatu uye mireza yakaenzana nokuda kwenyika imwe neimwe, rakaitirwa kugovera dzikamo nedziviriro pachiito chokukurumidzira chinosundwa nezvishuvo zvechinguvana.

Nharo Dzapasi

Kukurukurirana kunopa nhengo mukana wokutsanangura zvavanofunga, kunyengetedza vamwe, uye kuita kuti vanhu vazive maonero avo panyaya dzemitemo.Mumba, nguva inokamuraniswa inowanzova yakaganhurirwa uye yakakamukana zvakaenzana pakati pevatsigiri nevashori vemutemo.

Gakava redare rinoshanda mumirau yakasiana zvikuru. Vanamabhinya kazhinji kazhinji vane maruramiro okutaura kwenguva refu sezvavanoda panhau ipi neipi, gamuchidzanwa rinogona kutungamirira kukurukurirano dzakarebeswa kana kuti vanamukomana. Iyi dikanwo yehove inopa apo vatambi vanoshandisa kurukurirano yakarebeswa kunonozesa kana kuti kudzivisa vhoti pamutemo. Kugumisa nhimbe inoda kunyandura kugwinya, muitiro unoda tsigiro yavarendi 60. Iyi chinodikanwa chikuru chinopa simba duku reboka rokudzivisa mutemo muDare.

Gakava rinowanika panguva ino muCongregational Record (Kunyange zvazvo kune shanduro dzapakuvamba dzine mazita akasiyana). Congregational Record haisi hayo rugwaro rweshoko nokuda kwechinotaurwa pauriri. Tsinhiro dzenhengo dzinopiwa kwaari nokuda kwehwirudzuro negadziridzo inobvira. Iyi purogiramu yokunyora inogonesa mitezo kururamisa nokujekesa kutaura kwayo, kunyange zvazvo ichireva kuti Congregational Record ingasaratidzira zvakakwana zvaitaurwa chaizvoizvo mukati mekurukurirano.

Kuchinja Kwezvinenge Zvaita

Kana bhiri racho rangosvika pauriri, pachava nenharo yokuwedzera uye nhengo dzedare rakazara dzinobvumira kugadziriswa kupi nokupi. Kugadziridzwa kunobvumira nhengo dzisiri mudare rehurumende kugadzira mitemo nenhau dzingasarangarirwa mukuongorora kwedare. Kugadziridza kunogona kuva kugadziridza kuduku kana kuti kuchinja kukuru kwemitemo kunochinja chinangwa kana kuti mutezo.

MuImba, Dare reMitemo rinowanzosarudza kuti ndedzipi dzigadziridzo dzingapiwa uye mumigariroi. Mimwe mitemo i "open," inobvumira kugadziriswa kupi nokupi kukarakadzwa. Dzimwe dzinodziviswa kudzorwa kwemitemo, kana kuti "tenderwa," kubvumira kugadziriswa chaikoikwo kwapamberi petenderwa. Uku kudzora kupfuvurwa kunopa simba guru rokuumba mutemo nepesvedzero yeboka duku.

Dare rinoshanda nenzira yegamuchidzanwa mumiitiro yokugadziridza kukuru, richibvumira vagadziri kugovera gadziridzo painodokuva nhau ipi neipi panguva ipi neipi. Zvisinei, uku kuchinjika kunogona kutungamirira kuzvinetso apo vamiriri vanopa tsinga dzisati dziri dzokuchinja dzine zvishomanene kana kuti dzisina chokuita negweta riri pasi. Kugadziridza kwakadaro, pane dzimwe nguva kunonzi "vakwaniri," kunogona kushandiswa nenzira yakakodzera kumanikidza kuvhota panhau dzenharo kana kuti kubatanidza gadziriro dzakakurumbira kumutemo unofanira kupfuudzwa.

Zvirongwa Zvemazano Mubazu Rinotungamirirwa Nomutemo

Kudzokororwa kunomirira mugumo wegadziriro yemitemo muimba imwe neimwe, nguva apo mitezo inonyoresa nenzira yapamutemo tsigiro yavo kana kuti chishoro kumutemo. Miitiro yokuvhota inosiana zvichitsamira panzvimbo, rudzi rwemwero unorangarirwa, uye mwero wegakava panhau. Kunzwisisa iyi miitiro yokuvhota kunokosha kunzwisisa kuti zvisarudzo zvemitemo zvinoitwa ndokunyorwa sei.

Mitambo Yakasiyana - siyana MuCongress

Miitiro yokuvhota yeCongress yakachinja kuti ive nokushanda zvakanaka nokuzvidavirira. Mitoo yakasiyana - siyana yokuvhota inobatira madonzo akasiyana - siyana, kubva pakutaura kwokukurumidza panhau dzenguva dzose kuti kunyore mivhoti inoita chinyorwa chechigarire chenzvimbo yomutezo mumwe nomumwe.

Mimhanzi Yenzwi

Mitambo muImba ingavawo kupfurikidza nevhoti yenzwi; muchinoitika ichocho, hakuna chinyorwa chemhinduro dzomunhu mumwe nomumwe dzinowanika. Vhoti dzeInzwi mutoo wakapfava zvikuru nowekurumidzisa wokuvhota. Mukuru mukuru anokumbira avo vanofarira kuti vataure kuti "ye," uye avo vanoshora kuti "ai," ipapo kusarudza rutivi rwakavakirwa padavidzo. Vhoti dzenzwi dzinoshandiswa zvakanakisisa nokuda kwezviito zvisati zviri zvokuvhota apo muuyo hauna kupanikira uye mitezo haidi vhoti yakanyorwa.

Betsero yamavhoti enzwi ikurumidziro uye kushanda zvakanaka, kuchibvumira Congress kubvisa bhizimisi renguva dzose nokukurumidza. Zvisinei, kushaikwa kwevhoti yakanyorwa hakugoni kusarudza kuti vamiriri vavo vanovhota sei pamatanho akati. Mutezo upi noupi unogona kukumbira vhoti yakarekodwa kana uchidavira kuti vhoti yenzwi hairatidzi kuda kwenzwi nenzira yakarurama kana kuti kana vachida kuita chinyorwa chenzvimbo dzemitezo.

Rolla Majekiseni

Mavhoti anogadzira chinyorwa chechigarire chenzira iyo mutezo mumwe nomumwe wakavhota nayo pamubvunzo wakati. Mumavhoti egamuchidzanwa, mabharani anodana zita romutezo mumwe nomumwe munhevedzano yemabhii, uye mitezo inopindura nevhoti yavo. Iyi nzira inovimbisa kujeka kwakakwana uye kuzvidavirira, sezvo vamiririri vavo vanogona kuhwirudzura chaizvoizvo kuti vavhotire sei pamwero upi noupi wakanyorwa.

Mikoto ingatorwa negadziriro yokuvhota yemagetsi, iyo inonyoresa mhinduro yeMutezo mumwe nomumwe. Iyoyi inonongedzerwa kwairi savavhoti vakarekodwa, uye inowanika muchinyorwa chemavhoti anovhota mavhota. House of Screcters inoshandisa gadziriro yokuvhota yemagetsi uko mitezo inoisa kadhi romunhu oga muzviteshi zvokuvhota zviri muimba yose uye inomanikidzira bhatani kuratidzira vhoti yavo. Mabhodhi makuru anoratidza kuti mutengi mumwe nomumwe avhotera sei munguva chaiyoiyo, achibvumira mitezo navacherekedzeri kutevera fambiro mberi yevhoti.

Dare harishandisi kuvhota kwemichina yemagetsi uye panzvimbo pezvo rinotsamira pamavhoti egamuchidzanwa apo mabharani anodana zita rimwe nerimwe resenator. Uyu muitiro wenguva yakawanda unoratidzira ukuru huduku hweDare netsika yaro yemiitiro yakawanda inoderedza. Vasata kazhinji kazhinji vane maminiti 15 okupindura kudanidzo yokudzokororwa, kunyange zvazvo vhoti kazhinji kazhinji vakazaruka kwenguva refu kuti vagarisane navatengi vanononotswa.

Kugadzira Magetsi Emagetsi

Gadziriro dzokuvhota dzamagetsi dzakaita kuti mutoo wokuvhota uve wazvino uno muNzvimbo yavamiririri, kuchideredza zvikuru nguva inodikanwa kuvhota mavhoti akarekodwa. Kuvhota kwemagetsi kusati kwatangwa muna 1973, kuvhota kwamaminiti 30 kusvikira ku 45 sokudana kunoita mabharani zita romutezo mumwe nomumwe. Kuvhota kwamagetsi kunotora maminiti 15 kusvikira ku 20, kuchibvumira Imba kuitisa vhoti dzakawanda munguva shomanene.

Gadziriro yemagetsi inogoverawo kujeka kwapakarepo, sezvo mabhodhi okuvhota anoratidza vhoti yomutezo mumwe nomumwe sezvaanoitwa. Uku kutaura chaikoiko kwenguva kunobvumira vatungamiriri vebato kunzvera nzvero uye sezvinobvira kunyengetedza mitezo inovhota pasina kuvharwa. Sangano inorekodha kwete hungu bedzi uye pasina vhoti asi inobvumirawo mitezo kuvhota "ripo," inoratidzira kuti vari kutora vhoti asi vasasarudza kusatora nzvimbo pachiyero.

Matanho Okuziva uye Zvinodikanwa

Kana bhiriti racho rikapfuudzwa nevoruzhinji (218 vo435), mutemo unoda voruzhinji bedzi kupfuura (inopfuura hafu yemitezo inovhota). MuImba, izvi zvinoreva mavhota anosvika 218 apo mitezo yose inenge iripo uye inovhota. MuDare, voruzhinjiwo zvavo vanosarudza 51 apo vose varipo.

Zvisinei, zviito zvakati zvinoda zviito zvikuru. Kukwidziridza murwi wapurezidhendi kunoda vhoti yezvitatu zviviri mumakamuri ose ari maviri. Kugadziriswa kweBumbiro reMitemo kunoda vhoti yezvitatu zviviri mumakamuri ose ari maviri asati atumirwa kunyika nokuda kwokunatsiridza. MuDare, kukwidziridza kwadzikwa kuti kupedze nhivi 60, kuparira nenzira inobudirira chinodikanwa chikuru nokuda kwomutemo unokakavadzanwa zvikurusa.

Murangariro wedemoranoma-jeelm(n) nhamba yakaganhurirwa yemitezo inofanira kuvapo kuti imba ivepo kuti iite bhizimisi -- inotapurawo kuvhota. Bumbiro reMitemo rinoda voruzhinji vemitezo kuumba tram. Zvisinei, Imba neDare zvinofunga kuti demoram iripo kutoti mutezo uchimutsa pfundo chairo rokupanikira propati. Iyi fungidziro inobvumira makamuri kushanda zvakanaka pasina kusimbisa nguva dzose kupinda.

Mibato Yokufambisa Chaiyo

Mune zvimwe zviitiko, vhoti ku "recostate" mutongo kudare unokumbirwa. Iyi inhamburiko inowanzoitwa navashori yokuchinja chikamu kana kuti table chiyero. Kana kuedza kunyoresazve kukundikana, vhoti pandima yokupedzisira inorairwa. Kutangazve kumirira mukana wokupedzisira weboka duku rokuchinja kana kuti kunonotsa mutemo pamberi pekupinda kwokupedzisira. MuImba, boka duku rinovimbiswa maruramiro okupazve chibvumirano, uko kungabatanidza mirayiridzo yokuita chinjo dzakananga kumutemo.

Nhungamiro dzokuitazve bvumirano dzinouya muzvimiro zviviri: chiito chakapfava chokudzorerazve, icho chingatumira bhiri racho kudare ndokuriuraya nenzira inobudirira, uye chiito chokuitazve nemirayiridzo, iyo inokarakadza kugadziriswa chakananga uye, kana ikaitwa, inodzorera mutongo wacho kuuriri nokukurumidza nokuda kwokuvhota kwokupedzisira. Uku kuita kunoparira zvinetso zvamasangano, sokuvhotera kubatanidzwazve nezvigadzikiso zvakakurumbira kunogona kuva kwakaoma mune zvamatongerwe enyika, kunyange kana mitezo ikagamuchira mutengo wacho uri pasi.

Vavhoti vehurumende vanoitawo basa rinokosha mumuitiro wemitemo. Mitezo inovhota kana ichizorangarira mutengo, kana kubvumira mirau chaiyo inodzora gakava, kana kugadziridza kurukurirano, uye mimwe mibvunzo yakawanda. Iyi mibvunzo inogona kuva inowirirana sezvivhoti pandima yokupedzisira, sezvainosarudza kuti zvikweretii zvinogamuchira kurangarirwa uye mumigariroi.

Chiito Mudare Rechipiri

Kana mwero wapfuura muImba, unoenda kuDare nokuda kwerangariro.Ikoku kunobatanidza rangano nedare reDare kana kuti dare duku, rakafanana nenzira yegweta muImba. Chinodikanwa chokuti makamuri ose ari maviri anobvumira mutemo muchimiro chakafanana chinoparira gadziriro yechekero nedzikamo mukati mebazu remitemo rimene, kuvimbisa kuti mitemo inowana kurangarirwa kwakakwana mumifungo yakasiana.

Muitiro Wedare Wechipiri

Apo Imba kana kuti Dare rinopfuudza mutezo, unonongedzerwa kune imwe kamuri, umo inowanzotevera nzira imwe cheteyo mumatare uye pakupedzisira kuuriri. Iyi kamuri ingabvumira mutengo sewagamuchirwa, kuuramba, kuufuratira kana kuti kuuchinja. Kamuri rechipiri rine rusununguko rwakakwana kubata mutengo sezvarinoona kuva rakakodzera. Ingagamuchira mutengo wacho pasina chinjo, kuubatanidza zvikuru, kuubatanidza neshanduro yayo imene yomutemo wakafanana, kana kuti kusangoita chiito, kubvumira murairo wacho kufa.

Kazhinji kazhinji, kamuri rechipiri rave richishanda parakafanana nomutemo wakafanana panguva imwe cheteyo.Muzvinoitika zvakadaro, kamuri racho ringashandisa mutero unogamuchirwa mukamuri rokutanga semotokari yegadziriro dzaro rimene, richirova chinhu chiri chose pashure pokuratidzira chitsama chamashoko nokuisa rugwaro rwakasiana chose chose. uyu muitiro, nepo wakaoma zvikuru, unobvumira makamuri kushanda nomutoo unobudirira panharidzano dzemiitiro yakafanana.

Chirango chinofanira kupfuura mitumbi yose iri miviri muchimiro chimwe chetecho isati yagona kupiwa kuna Purezidhendi nokuda kwokusaina mumutemo. Kana Dare rikachinja mutauro wechiyero, rinofanira kudzokera kuImba nokuda kwokubvumirana kana kuti chinjo dzakawedzerwa. Ichi chinodikanwa nokuda kworugwaro rwakafanana chinovimbisa kuti makamuri ose ari maviri akatendera zvakajeka gadziriro iri yose yomutemo wokupedzisira.

Kugadzirisa Misiyano Iri Pakati Pemahofisi

Dare ringaumba dare remusangano kuti rigadzirise kana kuti riyananise misiyano iri pakati peshanduro dzemitemo yeImba neDare.

Kana dare remusangano risingakwanisi kusvika pabvumirano, mubatanidzwa unofa. Kana chibvumirano chikasvikwa, nhengo dzedare dzinogadzirira mushumo wemusangano nezvinorumbidza nokuda kwomutongo wokupedzisira. Vose vari vaviri Imba naDare vanofanira kuvhota kuti vatendere mushumo wemusangano. Mishumo yeConference haigoni kugadziriswa; mitezo inofanira kuvhota kuti igamuchire kana kuti kuramba kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira sechinhu chose. Iyi ganhuriro inokurudzira vanopiwa kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira kupfurikidza nemitemo inogona kuraira voruzhinji mumakamu ose ari maviri.

Matare esangano pane dzimwe nguva akatsoropodzwa seasina kudzora hurumende nemhaka yokuti boka duku remitezo rinogona kuita chinjo huru kumutemo kunze kwemurangariro wavose.

Nenzira yakati, makamuri angapedza misiyano yawo kupfurikidza nomuitiro wekugadziridza pakati pedzimba, apo kamuri rimwe rinokarakadza kugadziridzwa kupepa reimwe kamuri ndokuritumira kurangarira. Iyi nhambo yeshure nepfuva inogona kupfuurira kusvikira makamuri asvika bvumirano kana kuti kurega nhamburiko. Uyu mutoo unowanzoshandiswa nokuda kwezvikwereti zviduku kana kuti apo ganhuriro dzenguva inoita kuti musangano wetsika usashande.

Chiito Choutungamiriri uye Kushanda

Pashure pokunge vose vari vaviri Imba neDare vatendera chibvumirano chakafanana, mutengo unotumirwa kuna Purezidhendi. Uku kupfuudzira kunoratidzira chinjo kubva pabazu romutemo kuenda kubazu ravakuru vakuru uye kunomirira nhano yokupedzisira pamutemo usati wava mutemo. Purezidhendi ane zvisarudzo zvinoverengeka apo anopiwa nemitemo, chimwe nechimwe chine miuyo yakasiana nokuda kwejambwa remitengo.

Kutenderwa naPuerceria

Kana Purezidhendi akabvuma mutemo, unosainwa ndokuva mutemo. Kana Purezidhendi akasaita chiito kwamazuva gumi apo Congress inenge iri murusando, mutemo wacho unongoerekana wava mutemo. Siginicha yaPrezidhendi inomirira nzira yakananga zvikurusa yokuita nayo. apo Purezidhendi anosaina gwaro, rinogoverwa nhamba yomutemo wavose uye rinova rutivi rweUnited States Code.

Gadziriro yokuita gadziriro inozviitikira yoga pashure pamazuva gumi (kubvisa maSvondo) inobatira sechekedzo pasimba rapurezidhendi, ichidzivisa Purezidhendi kuvhara mutemo kupfurikidza nokungoramba kuita chiito.

Mapurezidhendi anowanzoita mhemberero dzokusaina nokuda kwomutemo unokosha, vachishandisa nhambo yacho kutsanangura ukoshi hwomutemo, vatsigiri vesangano vanoonga, uye vanozvipa mbiri nokuda kwechiitwa. iyi mitambo inobatira zvose zviri zviviri madonzo okufananidzira neezvamatongerwe enyika, ichisimbisa basa raPurezidhendi mumuitiro womutemo uye kuvaka tsigiro yavose yomutemo mutsva.

Veto yaPurezidhendi

Kana kuti purezidhendi anogona kuramba kutendera mutemo. Uyu unonzi white. Apo Purezidhendi anodzosa mutengi, unodzoserwa mukamuri umo wakatanga, pamwe chete neshoko rinotsanangura kuramba. Simba rinomirira chimwe chezviremera zvaPurezidhendi zvinokosha zvikurusa zvebumbiro remitemo, achigovera cheki pasimba resangano uye achivimbisa kuti bazu revakuru rine inzwi mumuitiro wemitemo.

Zvichida chinotokosha zvikuru, simba rokuita kuti pave nomutemo unogona kutapura zvinenge zviri muzvikwereti zvinopfuudzwa neCongress. Nemhaka yokuti hakusi kwenguva dzose kuti mutemo uitwe pamusoro pechigaro chapurezidhendi, Congress anofanira kuwirirana nenzvimbo yaPurezidhendi pamiitiro inokarakadzwa. Kutyisidzira kweveto kazhinji kazhinji kunopesvedzera kurangarira kwemitezo, kunokurudzira vagadziri vemitemo kukurukura neWhite House uye kugadziridza mutemo kukurukura nhau dzapurezidhendi pamberi pechikamu chokupedzisira.

Veto Asingadi

Kana Purezidhendi akaisa mutongo, Congress angaedza kukurira dare. Kana vose vari vaviri Dare neImba zvikapfuudza mutongo wacho nevoruzhinji vaviri nezvitatu, voti yaPurezidhendi inodzorwa, uye mutezo wacho unova mutemo. Chirongwa chinodzorwa chinovimbisa kuti Dare richengetedze chiremera chemitemo chose nepo richiri pamusoro pebasa rebumbiro remitemo raPresident.

Kukunda kushoma zvikuru nemhaka yokuti kuwana voruzhinji vari mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri kunoda tsigiro huru yebipartisan. Kubudirira kunowanzoitika apo Dare rine tsigiro huru yemitemo iyo Purezidhendi anoshora nokuda kwezvikonzero zvezvamatongerwe enyika panzvimbo pemitemo, kana kuti apo Purezidhendi ane mirangariro isina kururama. Chinetso chekunyanyova mukuru wenzvimbo inopa Purezidhendi chigaro simba rinokosha mukurukurirano neCongress.

Pocket Veto

Asi kana purezidhendi asingasaindi papepa remitemo uye rinoramba risina kuiswa chiratidzo apo Congress inenge isati ichavapozve murusando, mutongo wacho uchaitwa nokusarongwa. Ichi chiito chinonzi vhato yehomwe, uye hachigoni kushaikwa neCongress. Suto inoitika apo nhambo yezuva gumi yeCongress nokuda kwokurangarira kwapurezidhendi inopera, kuchidzivisa kudzoka kwomutemo wevetod.

Chibvumirano chedare chakati kurwisana kwokupedzisira bedzi pamugumo weCongress kunofanira kugonesa zvipfuro, nepo Purezidhendi pane dzimwe nguva akataura kuti nhambo pfupi dzinokwanirisawo. Matare kazhinji kazhinji akatsigira Congress panhau iyi, achiganhurira vhatiro dzehomwe kumirano yokupedzisira.

Suoti inopa Purezidhendi simba rokuwedzera rematanho remakoroni kupera, sezvo vaiti vemitemo vanofanira kurangarira kana Purezidhendi angashandisa simba iri pakusarudza kuti zvikwereti zvipi zvichapfuura mumazuva okupedzisira pamberi pechibvumirano. Iri simba rinogona kutapura gadziriro yomutemo nenguva, zvikurukuru nokuda kwenhano.

Basa Remasangano Ezvamatongerwe Enyika Muchiito Chomutemo

Chiito cheCongress pamabhiri chinorongwa uye chinodzorwa zvikurukuru navatungamiriri vebato muimba imwe neimwe, kunyange zvazvo vatungamiriri vebato voruzhinji vari muImba vane maturusi akawanda okuronga nawo purogiramu youriri kupfuura anoita vatungamiriri vebato vazhinji muDare. Mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika anoita basa guru mukuronga Congress uye miuyo inoumba mutemo, kunyange zvazvo Bumbiro reMitemo risingadudziri mabato ezvematongerwe enyika.

Gadziriro Dzoutungamiriri Hweboka

Mubato rimwe nerimwe rinosarudza vatungamiriri vane mutoro wokufambisira mberi purogiramu yemitemo yebato, urongwa hwokuronga, uye kuchengeta chinzwano chebato. MuImba, boka roruzhinji rinosarudza Mutauriri, uyo anobatira vose vari vaviri somukuru mukuru wekamuri nemutungamiriri webato roruzhinji. Voruzhinji namapoka maduku vanosarudzawo vatungamiriri namabhutsu anobetsera mukutungamirira mitemo uye kurava vhoti.

MuDare, vatungamiriri vazhinji navaduku vanosarudza vanoronga urongwa hwemitemo uye vanokurukura nomumwe mubatanidzwa neNzvimbo yeWhite. Mutungamiriri weSanihedheni anobatira somukuru mukuru wedare wedare, asi iri basa zvikurukuru rinochengetwa, naPurezidhendi ProTempore (sezvingabvira mutezo mukurusa webato gurusa) uye vamwe vatenzi vanowanzotungamirira pamarusando ezuva nezuva.

Vatungamiriri veboka vanoshandisa pesvedzero huru pamusoro pomuitiro wemitemo kupfurikidza nokudzora kwavo migove yedare, rudungwe rwezvirongwa zveuriri, uye zvishandiso zvenhimbe. Mitezo inobatira pamwe noutungamiriri uye kutsigira zvirongwa zvedare zvakanaka, tsigiro yezvokuisa mitemo yavo vamene pakutanga, uye betsero nenhimbe dzokushandisa mari nokudzosa. Iyi gadziriro yetuso nesundo zvinobetsera kuchengeta kubatana kwebato nechirango.

Kuungana Kweboka Nemisangano

Mubato mumwe nomumwe unoita misangano yenguva dzose yemitezo yawo yose, inonzi caucuses (yamaDemocrates) kana kuti misangano (yamaRepublicans). iyi misangano inogovera masangano okukurukura gadziriro dzemitemo, nzvimbo dzekurukurirano dzemitemo, uye kuvaka bvumirano mukati mebato. Boka rinobatira pamwe nemisangano zvinosarudzawo vatungamiriri vebato, zvinogamuchira mitemo yebato, uye zvinoita migove yedare.

Kubatana kwemapoka kwakawedzera zvikuru mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, nhengo dzichivhota nebato radzo panhau dzakawanda. Uku kubatana kunoratidza kusarudzwa kwepfungwa kwemapoka acho neanoramba achiomerera zvakanyanya muRepublican Party uye madiro muDhemocratic Party (uye zvisarudzo zvechikwata chevatungamiriri kuti vasimbise misiyano yeboka. Kubatana kwebato kunopa vatungamiriri simba rokudzora migumisiro yemitemo asi kunogonawo kuita kuti zviome zvikuru kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira.

Kugara Mumba uye Kuvaka Zviwanikwa

Pasinei zvapo nokuwedzera kwenzvimbo dzinopesana, kubatira pamwe kwebipartisa kunoramba kuchikosha nokuda kwokupfuudza mutemo unokosha zvikurusa. Zvinodikanwa zveDare zvikuru zvokugumisa vanambuya zvinoreva kuti boka revoruzhinji rinoda chaizvoizvo tsigiro kubva kuboka duku kuti rifambisire mberi mutemo unomutsa nharo. Kunyange muImba, umo boka revoruzhinji rine udzori hwakawanda, tsigiro yebhiparti inogona kugovera chifukidzo chezvamatongerwe enyika nokuda kwemitezo ndokuwedzera bviro yedare reDare netendero yapurezidhendi.

Chivako chinobudirira chinoda kuziva zvikonzero zvinowirirana, kutaurirana, uye dzimwe nguva kubatana kusiri kwenguva dzose kwenhengo dzisingabvumirani panyaya dzakawanda asi dzine vavariro dzakati.Mumwe mutemo unokosha zvikuru munhau yeAmerica wakabva mukushandira pamwe kwezvibvumirano zvebipartisan, uchiratidza kuti muitiro wokutonga unogona kukurira kupesana kwemapoka anopesana apo mitezo inoronga migumisiro inoguma pamusoro penzvimbo dzezvamatongerwe enyika.

Pesvedzero Yapurezidhendi Pamutemo

Nepo injini yepfungwa dzemitemo nechiito iri Congress imene, Purezidhendi ane pesvedzero mumuitiro wemitemo, uyewo. Mutungamiriri wehurumende anorumbidza bhajeti yegore negore yamasangano ehurumende uye anowanzokarakadza mutemo. Zvichida zvikuru, simba rokuisa mutemo rinogona kutapura zviri muzvinenge zviri mubhiri zvinopfuudzwa neCongress. Basa raPrezidhendi mumuitiro womutemo rinotambanukira kure nesimba remitemo kusaina kana kuti kubvisa zvikwereti.

Mitemo Yamapurezidhendi Agenda

Mapurezidhendi azvino uno anokarakadza chaizvoizvo zvirongwa zvemitemo yakakwana, kuonesa zvinhu zvavo zvemiitiro zvokutanga nokukurudzira Congress kuti iite matanho akananga. Hurumende yeUnion inopa mukana wegore negore kuti Purezidhendi ape iyi purogiramu kuCongress uye vanhu veAmerica. Mapurezidhendi anopawo zvikarakadzo zvemari yakarongeka, mutemo wegadziriro, uye kushanda navatsigiri vesangano kuti vatange uye vafambisire mberi zvinhu zvokutarisira.

Simba rePurezidhendi rinoisa purogiramu kunzvimbo dzapamberi rinobva mumanyuko anoverengeka: kuoneka nomukurumbira wehofisi, mano okuraira ngwariro yezvinobudisa nhau, pfuma yebazu guru nokuda kwokukudziridzwa kwemiitiro, uye basa raPurezidhendi somutungamiriri webato. Apo Purezidhendi anoita nhau yokutanga, inogamuchira ngwariro hurusa uye ine bviro iri nani yokupfuura, zvikurukuru apo boka raPurezidhendi rinodzora imba imwe kana kuti zvose zviri zviviri.

Kuchinjira Pabasa Rapurezidhendi Nokutaurirana

Mapurezidhendi anonyandura nokushingaira mitezo yeCongress kutsigira zvinhu zvokutanga zvokutungamirira, vachishandisa mubatanidzwa wenyengetedzo, dzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Vashandi veHouse veWhite House vanochengeta onano yenguva dzose navatungamiriri vesangano nemitezo inokosha, vachigovera mashoko, vachikurukura, uye kutaurirana. Mapurezidhendi angakoka mitezo kuWhite House nokuda kwemisangano, kuita runhare kumitezo isina kubatana, kana kuti kufamba kumaruwa emitezo kuti vavake tsigiro yavose yemitemo.

Purezidhendi anogona kupa zvikarakadzo zvakasiana - siana kutsigira musangano, kubatanidza tsigiro yezvourongwa hwemitemo hwemitezo imene, betsero nezvirongwa zvoruwa, kugadza vamiriri, uye tsigiro. Zvisinei, aya maturusi ane ganhuriro, sezvo mitezo inofanira kudzikamisa zvikumbiro zvapurezidhendi mukurwisana nezvinodikanwa zvavo vamene zvemiitiro, mirangariro yemitemo, uye chiverengero chezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kutyisidzira Nokusaina

Mapurezidhendi anowanzobudisa tyisidziro mukati merangariro yesangano romutemo, kunyevera kuti vacharamba mabhiri ane gadziriro dzakati kana kuti kukundikana kubatanidza zvinhu zvinoshuviwa. Idzi tyisidziro dzinogona kupesvedzera kurangarira kwesangano, kukurudzira vagadziri vemitemo kugadziridza mutemo kudzivisa nhambo. Zvisinei, tyisidziro dzinogonawo kuva nemigumisiro kana Chibvumirano chikadana chishoro chaPurezidhendi kana kuti kana tyisidziro yacho ikaomesa.

Pakusaina mabhiri mumutemo, Purezidhendi pane dzimwe nguva vanoisa kutaura kwokusaina uko kunotsanangura kwavo mutemo kana kuti kutaura itiro hanya pamusoro pegadziriro dzakati. Uku kutaura kwakaparira gakava, navatsoropodzi vachitaurira kuti vanomirira kuedza kunyorazve mitemo kana kuti kuramba kumanikidzira gadziriro Presidenti asingadi.Vatsigiri vanotaura kuti kusaina mashoko kunogovera nhungamiro inobetsera nokuda kwokuitwa kwebazu rapamusoro ndokuchengeta maruramiro apurezidhendi.

Zvinetso Netsoropodzo Zvegadziriro Yokupa Mutemo

Zvisinei, kashoma kuti bhiri racho rive mutemo uye ringasiyana zvikuru papepa nerinobhadharwa.

Kuvharwa Kwemagetsi uye Kusaita Zvaanoita

Kuda kutenderwa nedzimba dzose, uye kukwanisa kwedhipatimendi redare kugadzira mikana yakawanda yokuti mitemo ivharwe kana kuti inonoswe. Kana hurumende ichikamurwa, mapoka akasiyana - siyana achidzora Imba, Dare, uye chinzvimbo, kudiwa kwemitemo kunoitwa nemakamuri ose ari maviri, uye kukwanisa kwedhipatimendi kugadzira mikana yakawanda yokuti idzorerwe kana kuti inonoswe. Kana hurumende ikakamuraniswa, uye mapoka akasiyana - siyana achidzora dare, kana kuti chigaro chigadziro chinotoita kuti kusabvumirana pane zvisina kufanira.

Vadziviriri vegadziriro yacho vanotaura kuti uyu muitiro wokuzvidira unobatira madonzo anokosha: unodzivisa chiito chokukurumidza panhau dzakaoma, unokurudzira kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira uye kuvaka bvumirano, uye unodzivirira udzvinyiriri hwezvinhu zvikuru zvechinguvana. Chinetso chokupfuudza mutemo chinovimbisa kuti mitemo inoratidzira tsigiro huru uye yave ichidzorwa chose chose, ichideredza bviro yemiuyo isingakanwi kana kuti miuyo isina kururama.

Kujeka Nokuzvidavirira

Vatsoropodzi vakamutsa funganyo pamusoro pokujeka mumuitiro wemitemo, zvikurukuru pamusoro pekurukurirano dzinoitika seri kwamasuo akavharwa, kugadziridzwa kwezvipfupi zvokupedzisira kuwedzerwa pasina kuhwirudzurwa kwakakwana, uye pesvedzero yefariro chaidzo pamitemo. Kuoma kwegadziriro yacho kunogona kuita kuti kuome kuti vagari vemo vagova nomutemo, vanzwisise zvikwereti zvine zvikwereti, kana kuti vanzi vamiririri vavo vazvidavirire nokuda kwezviito zvavo.

Dare rakaita matanho okuvandudza kujeka, kusanganisira kuti zvikwereti zvive paIndaneti mavhoti asati avhota, kuteererwa kwedare rinobudisa nhau uye kuteererwa kwemapepa epaIndaneti emashoko emitemo.

Basa Remari Pakudzika Mitemo

Pesvedzero yemari mune zvamatongerwe enyika inomirira chimwe cheitiro hanya dzinopfuurira zvikurusa pamusoro pomuitiro wemitemo. Mitezo yeCongress inofanira kusimudzira mari yakawanda nokuda kwenhimbe dzayo dzokusarudzazve, ichiparira rwisano dzinobvira dzemhindu apo vapi vane ganhuriro mumutemo unomirira.Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti iyi dzvinyiriro yemari inopa vanhu vakapfuma namasangano pesvedzero isingaenzaniswi pamusoro pemiuyo yehurumende, ichideredza kuenzana kwehurumende.

Zvisinei, zvisarudzo zvedare zvinodzivirira kudzivirira kushandiswa kwemasangano ezvematongerwe enyika sokutaura norusununguko zvakaganhurira kushanda kwemirayiro iyi, uye kumuka kwemaPUPU makuru uye mapoka emari yakasviba zvakagadzira mikana mitsva yokufarira kupfuma kuti zviite sarudzo nemaitiro.

Gadziriro Dzomutemo Wehurumende

Nepo nyaya ino yanangidzira ngwariro zvikurukuru pamuitiro wemitemo wehurumende, kunokosha kuziva kuti masangano ehurumende anotevera miitiro yakafanana asi kwete yakafanana. Hurumende imwe neimwe ine bumbiro rayo romutemo, mitemo, uye magamuchidzanwa anoumba kuti mutemo unorangarirwa ndokuitwa sei. Kunzwisisa miitiro yemitemo yehurumende kunokosha nemhaka yokuti hurumende dzinoshandisa chiremera chinokosha panharaunda dzakawanda dzemiitiro inotapura zvakananga upenyu hwevagari vezuva nezuva.

Fanano Negadziriro Yamagariro

Masangano ehurumende anowanzotevera mutoo mumwe chetewo mukurusa seCongress: zvikwereti zvinosumwa, zvinonongedzerwa kumatare, zvinokurukurwa, zvakagadziridzwa, uye zvinovhoterwa nemakamuri ose ari maviri asati atumirwa kuna gavhuna nokuda kwetendero. Nyika zhinji dzine mirameral nemba nesenate, kunyange zvazvo Nebraska ine mutezo wedare rimwe chete. Matare eHurumende anoita mabasa akafanana okuchengeta magedhi neokubvisa matare ehurumende, uye vatungamiriri vehurumende vanoshandisa masimba okugadza magariro ehurumende.

Hurumende dzinoshandisawo nzira dzokuvhota nadzo dzakasiana - siana, kubatanidza vhoti dzenzwi, mavhoti okuvhota, uye gadziriro dzokuvhota dzemagetsi. Chinodikanwa nokuda kwavavhoti vakarekodwa panzvimbo yokupedzisira chinovimbisa kuzvidavirira, kuchibvumira vamiriri vavo kuronda kuti vavhotere sei pamatanho anokosha. Kutonga kwehurumende kazhinji kazhinji kunozarukira vanhu, uye nyika zhinjisa dzinogovera kusvika paInternet kuzvikwereti, vhota, uye mamwe mashoko emitemo.

Misiyano Nemuitiro Wemakwara

Miitiro yehurumende yemitemo inosiana negadziriro yehurumende munzira dzinoverengeka dzinokosha. Nyika dzakawanda dzine matare emisionare enguva isina kuzara anosangana kwemwedzi mishomanene bedzi gore rimwe nerimwe, achimanikidzira karenda yemitemo uye achida chiito chinokurumidza pamabhiri. Dzimwe nyika dzinoisa miganhu paurefu hwemarusando emitemo kana kuti nhamba yezvikwereti zvinogona kutangwa, zvichiparira dzvinyiriro dzenguva yokuwedzera.

Mabumbiro emitemo anowanzopa masimba ayo Purezidhendi asina, akadai sechikamu chemutsetse chezvikamu zvinobvumira magavhuna kuramba gadziriro dzakati dzezvikwereti nepo achitendera zvasara. Nyika zhinji dzinewo zviito zvokutanga nokunatsiridza izvo zvinobvumira vagari vemo kukarakadza ndokuvhota pamitemo, kupfuvura munamato wehurumende. Iyi miitiro yakananga yedemocracy inoratidzira mitoo yakasiana- siyana youzivi kukuratidzira nokugadzira mitemo.

Miitiro yemitemo yehurumende inosiana zvikuru muudzame hwayo, dzimwe nyika dzine miitiro yakarongwa zvikuru neyakarongwa yakafanana neCongress, nepo dzimwe dzichishanda nemiitiro isina kurongwa neinochinjika zvikuru. Iyi misiano inoratidzira tsika yehurumende imwe neimwe yezvematongerwe enyika, nhau, uye gadziriro yebumbiro remitemo. Vagari vanofarira mutemo wenyika vanofanira kubvunza wewebsite yehurumende yavo nokuda kwemashoko akananga pamusoro pemiitiro yehurumende uye kuti vangatora rutivi sei mugadziriro yacho.

Nzira Iyo Vagari Vanogona Kutora Nayo Rutivi Mumuitiro Womutemo

Kudzora kwehurumende yegutsaruzhinji kunotsamira pakutora rutivi kwevagari vemo, uye muitiro wemitemo unogovera mikana yakawanda yokuti vanhu vanzwe manzwi avo uye vape migumisiro yetsika.

Vamiriri Vanoonana

Imwe yenzira dzakananga zvikurusa dzokupesvedzera nayo mutemo ndeyokutaura kuvamiriri vako navatevedzeri kuti vataure mirangariro yako pamabhiri kana kuti nhau dzakamira. Mitezo yeCongress inotarisira mahofisi muWashington nomumaruwa emisha yavo kana kuti nyika, uye vanoshandisa vashandi zvikurukuru kubata kurukurirano dzinowirirana. Vagari vemo vanogona kuonana navamiriri vavo nerunhare, maemail, tsamba, kana kuti misangano inodzorwa mumahofisi oruwa kana kuti horo dzetaundi.

Kurukurirano yavose inoshanda yakananga, yomunhu oga, uye yakakodzera nguva. Panzvimbo pokutumira tsamba, vagari vemo vanofanira kutsanangura mumashoko avo vamene chikonzero nei vachitsigira kana kuti vachishora mutemo wakati uye kuti ungavatapura sei ivo kana kuti nzanga yavo. Kuonana navamiriri pakuvamba mumuitiro wemitemo, nzvimbo dzisati dzaoma, kunogona kuva dzinobudirira zvikuru kupfuura kumirira pamberi chaipo pevhoti. Kutevera nokuonga mashoko apo vamiriri vanotanga nzvimbo dzinotsigira kunobetsera kuvaka ukama hunopfuurira.

Kupupurira Pakutonga

Matare eCongress uye matare emitemo ehurumende anoita matare emitemo apo vagari vemo vanogona kupupurira pamusoro pomutemo wakamirira. Nepo asati ari munhu ari wose anokumbira kupupurira achasarudzwa, zvikurukuru nokuda kwokutongwa kwedare rakakwirira, vanzwi vazhinji vanogamuchira kutora rutivi rwavose. Kuongorora kunopa banza rokupa mashoko ane udzame, kugoverana zvinoitika zvomunhu oga, uye kubatanidzwa zvakananga navaiti vemitemo.

Chipupuriro chinoshanda chipfupi, chinosanorongwa, uye chinotsigirwa noufakazi. Zvapupu zvinofanira kutaura zvakajeka chimiro chazvo, kutsanangura zvikonzero zvemirangariro yazvo, uye kuva akagadzirira kupindura mibvunzo inobva kumitezo yedare. chipupuriro chakanyorwa chakapiwa nokuda kwechinyorwa chinogona kugovera udzame hwokuwedzera nezvinyorwa zvinopfuura zvinogona kufukidzwa mutsinhiro dzinotaurwa.

Kushanda Nemasangano Ane Urongwa Hwokuvaka

Vagari vemo vakawanda vanotora rutivi mugadziriro yemitemo kupfurikidza namasangano emitemo anomirira fariro dzakafanana kana kuti mipimo. Masangano aya anotarisira mutemo, anounganidza vatsigiri, anoshandira kuti vasarudze zvavanoedza kuita, uye anopa mashoko nezviwanikwa kuti zvibatsire vagari vemo kuita basa rinobudirira.

Masangano okushandisa zvipfuro akasiana kuvambira pamapoka makuru enyika ane vashandi venyanzvi nezviwanikwa zvikuru kusvikira kumasangano maduku emichero anofamba navazvipiri. Vagari vanofanira kunzvera nzvimbo dzamasangano, unyanzvi, uye kubudirira vasati vasarudza kuti ndezvipi zvokutsigira. Kutora rutivi munhimbe dzechitsotsi, kupinda misangano kana kuti mazuva okuda kushandira, uye kugovera kumasangano anowirirana nemipimo yako inzira dzose dzokutsigira chiito cheboka panhau dzemitemo.

Kuongorora Kudzika Mitemo

Kugara uchiziva pamusoro pomutemo wakamirira kunokosha kuti ubudirire.Congress.gov inopa mashoko akakwana pamusoro pomutemo wehurumende, kubatanidza mashoko epepa, mugariro, vatsigiri, migove yedare, uye marekodhi okuvhota. Masangano mazhinjisa ehurumende anochengeta mawebsite akafanana ane mashoko pamusoro pemitemo yehurumende. Vagari vemo vanogona kusaina nokuda kwengwariro pamusoro pezvikwereti zvakati kana kuti misoro kuti vagamuchire zviratidzo kana chiito chakafanira chemitemo chikaitika.

Kunzwisisa kuti ungaverenga nokududzira sei mashoko emitemo kunoda kurovedzana nemashandisirwo azvo. Nhamba dzeBill, makarenda emitemo, mishumo yedare, uye zvinyorwa zvokuvhota zvose zvinopa mashoko anokosha pamusoro pefambiro mberi yemitemo nekariro. Kuwana nguva yokudzidza nzira yokushandisa nayo mawebsite okuisa mitemo uye kunzwisisa magwaro emitemo kunobatsira vagari vemo kuongorora nhau dzavanoda uye kuita zvinhu panguva dzinoda kugadziriswa.

Kubatsira uye Kuita Basa

Zvichida nzira inokosha zvikurusa iyo vagari vemo vanopesvedzera nayo muitiro wemitemo iri kupfurikidza nokuvhota muvhota. Mitezo yeCongress nevanogadza mitemo vehurumende vanozvidavirira kuvavhota, uye sarudzo inogovera mikana yokutsigira vanotora vanogoverana purogiramu yako yedzoro uye vanochengeta kuzvidavirira nokuda kwezvinyorwa zvavo zvemitemo. Kuvhota kunoziva kunoda kunzvera nzvimbo dzavanoda kuvhota, kunzvera mapepa avo kana vachiisa basa remitemo, uye kurangarira kuti vachasvika sei mitoro yewiro.

Vagari vanopa nguva nezviwanikwa mumatongerwe enyika vanogona kubetsera vamiririri vachafambisira mberi mitemo yavo. Kubatana pakati pesarudzo nemitemo kunosimbisa ukoshi hwokutora rutivi kwehurumende pamwero yose yegadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Nguva Yemberi Yegadziriro Yomutemo

Kunzwisisa kuti mamiriro ezvinhu aripo uye kuchinja kungangochinja sei kungaita kuti tifunge kuti mitemo yacho ingachinja sei mumakore ari mberi.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Nokuona Zvinhu Zvakareruka

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwakatochinja zvinhu zvakawanda zvemuitiro wemitemo, kubvira pamakombiyuta okuvhota kusvika pabudiriro yemapepa ezvikwereti uye marekodhi okuvhota. Kufambira mberi kworuzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu kungawedzerazve kujeka nokutora rutivi kwavose. Kuramba uchitevedza matare uye kuongorora kwouriri kunobvumira vagari vemo kuchengeta kuongorora kurongwa kwomutemo munguva chaiyo. Masero okunyorera nokunzvera zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kutevera mutemo uye marekodhi evatendi vanovhota vvutsa.

Kuchinja kwemakombiyuta akadai sokuchenjera kungabatsira vagari vemo nemasangano anogadzira zvinhu kuti vanyatsoongorora mitemo, kuongorora zvikwereti zvinoenderana nezvazvinenge zvichiitika uye kuongorora zvazvingakanganisa.

Zvikarakadzo Zvokuchinja

Zvikarakadzo zvakasiana----phaa zvokuvandudza muitiro wemitemo vavariro yokupedza zvinetso zvinofungidzirwa nemhesano dzeDare. Vamwe vachinji vanotsigira chinjo kumitemo yeDare, zvikurukuru nhai yechildubuster, vachiramba kuti zvinodikanwa zvesimba gurusa zvinoparira kurongeka ndokudzivisa chiito panhau dzinokosha. Vamwe vanodzivirira miitiro iripo sedziviriro dzinokosha nokuda kwekodzero shomanene uye kuita chisarudzo chinoregwa.

Vatsigiri vanotaura kuti kuderedza pesvedzero yemari mune zvematongerwe enyika kungaita kuti mutemo unzwe zvakanaka kuvagariwo zvavo pane kuti vapfumi vapiwe.

Zvimwe zvikarakadzo zvokuvandudza zvinonangidzira ngwariro pakuvandudza mano esangano nounyanzvi, kubatanidza zviwanikwa zvinowedzera zvavashandi, kusimbisa masangano okunzvera akadai seCongregational Research Research Service neGovernment Accounting Office, uye kugovera rovedzo iri nani nokuda kwemitezo navashandi. iyi chinjo dzinovavarira kubetsera Congress kunzwisisa zviri nani nhau dzemiitiro yakaoma uye kushandisa tarisiro inobudirira zvikuru yebazu ravakuru vakuru.

Kujairana Nemamiriro Ezvinhu Anochinja

Gadziriro yomutemo inofanira kupfuurira kuchinjira kumigariro inochinja, kubvira kumigariro yekurumidziro yenyika kusvikira kuvhiringidziko dzeruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu kusvikira kukuchinja mirau yenzanga. Somuenzaniso, denda reCOVID, rakamanikidzira Congress kuedza kutora rutivi rwuri kure nokuvhota, kuchimutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pokuti idzi mitoo yokuchinja inofanira kuva mativi echigarire egadziriro yomutemo.

Chinjo dzomugariro wavanhu, kubatanidza mhatsa dzinowedzera muCongress nechiverengero chavagari veAmerica, dzingapesvedzera zvinhu zvokutanga zvemitemo nemiitiro. kuchinja kwechizvarwa muzvimiro zvezvamatongerwe enyika nezvitayera zvokuvimbisana kungagona kutapura kuti vagari vemo vanotora rutivi sei mumuitiro womutemo uye zvavanokarira kuvamiriri vavo. Muitiro wemitemo uchada kuramba wakapfava zvakakwana kuti ugovane neiyi chinjo apo unochengeta mipimo yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu nenheyo zvemitemo.

Mugumisiro: Kukosha Kusingaperi Kwokunzwisisa Mutemo

Kunzwisisa kuti zvikwereti zvinova mitemo sei uye kuti kuvhota kunoshanda sei pabazu remitemo kunokosha nokuda kwougari hwemo hunoziva uye kutora rutivi kwechiito chehurumende. Muitiro wemitemo, nezvinooma kunzwisiswa nokuoma kwahwo, unomirira mutoo mukuru uyo nzanga dzedemocracy dzinoshandura nawo zvisarudzo zvavose kuva mutemo unosunga. Nepo muitiro wacho unogona kuva unokangaidza mukunonoka kwadzo uye kusakwanisa kuoneka, aya mativi anoratidzirawo mipimo inokosha: kurangarira, kubvumirana pamusoro pezvikuru zvikuru, uye dziviriro yekodzero shomanene pamwe chete nokuremekedza murairo mukuru.

Nhambo dzakawanda umo mabhiri anofanira kupfuura ne(injiniro), kurangarirwa kwedare, kurukurirano youriri, kuvhota mukamuri dzose dziri mbiri, uye chiito chapurezidhendi (kuronga mabanza akawanda nokuda kwemubatanidzwa, kunatswa, uye kurangarirwazve. Uyu muitiro wokuzvidzora unobetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo inoratidzira mufungo wokungwarira panzvimbo pekuita kwokukurumidzira, mifungo yakasiana - siana inogamuchirwa, uye miuyo iyoyo isingakarirwi inoziviswa uye inopiwa mutemo usati washanda.

Vagari vanonzwisisa mutoo wemitemo vakashongedzerwa zviri nani kutora rutivi nenzira inobudirira muudzori hwehurumende yehurumende. Vanoziva kuti ndoupi uye sei kwokuonana navamiriri vavo, inhanoi dzegadziriro inopa mabanza akanakisisa epesvedzero, uye nzira yokuronda nayo mutemo kupfurikidza nerwendo rwawo rwokuenda kumutemo. Iyi zivo inopa simba vagari vemo kutsigira fariro dzavo, kuita kuti vamiriri vazvidavirire, uye kubetsera kugadziriro inopfuurira yehurumende yedemocratic deose.

Gadziriro yomutemo inoratidzirawo kusawirirana kukuru mukudzora kwehurumende yehurumende: pakati pekubudirira nokurangarira, pakati pomutemo mukuru nekodzero shomanene, pakati pokugamuchira murangariro wavose nokuchinja kwechinguvana, pakati pekuoneka nokudikanwa kwekurukurirano yokutendeseka. Zvisarudzo zvetsika dzakasiana - siana zvinoratidzira dzikamo pakati peiyi mipimo inokwikwidzana, uye kurukurirano pamusoro pokuchinja mutemo pakupedzisira dzinobatanidza mibvunzo pamusoro porudzi rwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu rwatinoda kuva nayo.

Sezvo ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu ruchichinja, kuchinja kwezvamatongerwe enyika uye zvinetso zvitsva zvinomuka, muitiro wemitemo uchapfuurira kuwirirana. Zvisinei, nheyo huru dzinotungamirira mumuitiro wacho(kupa, kurangarira, kubvumirana, uye kuzvidavirira) dzinoramba dziri dzinokosha nhasi seapo Bumbiro reMitemo rakanyorwa. Kunzwisisa nheyo idzi uye kuti dzinooneka sei mumiitiro yemitemo kunopa hwaro hwokufunga nenzira yokungwarira pamusoro penzira iyo muitiro wacho unoshanda nayo uye kuti ungavandudzwa sei.

Nokuda kwavadzidzi, vadzidzisi, vatsigiri, uye vamiriri vehurumende, zivo yomuitiro womutemo inozarura masuo kutora rutivi rune revo mukuumba mitemo inodzora nzanga. Kana uchifarira nhau yakananga yomuitiro, uchiitira hanya pamusoro penzira iyo hurumende inotonga, kana kuti kungoda kuziva kuti hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inoshanda sei mukushanda, kunzwisisa zvikwereti nokuvhota mubazu remitemo kunogovera nzwisiso dzinokosha muhurumende yeAmerica nezvamatongerwe enyika.

Muitiro wemitemo ungava wakaoma, asi hausati uchidzoreka. Nokushivirira, ngwariro, uye kudisa kupinda muudzame hwenhau, munhu upi noupi anogona kutanga nzwisiso inoshanda yekuti zvikwereti zvinova sei mitemo. Nzwisiso iyoyo, inogonesawo kugona kudzora kunobudirira zvikuru, kuvhota kwakakurumbira zvikuru, uye kutora rutivi kune revo zvikuru mumuitiro wedemocracy. Munzanga inokamuranisa, hapana zivo inokosha kupfuura kunzwisisa kuti vamiriri vavanhu vanoita sei mitemo inoumba upenyu hwedu.

Mamwe Manyuko Okudzidza Pamusoro Pegadziriro Yomutemo

Nokuda kwaavo vanofarira kudzidza zvakawanda pamusoro pomuitiro wokutonga, zvinhu zvakawanda zvinowanika kuti zviwedzere kunzwisisa kwako uye kuvandudza mano ako okutora rutivi nenzira inobudirira muudzori hwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Dare .gov website inogovera mashoko akakwana pamusoro pomutemo wehurumende, kubatanidza rugwaro rwechibvumirano, nzvimbo, migove yedare, zvinyorwa zvokuvhota, uye nhau yemitemo. Nzvimbo yacho inopawo zviwiro zvedzidzo zvinotsanangura muitiro wemitemo uye nzira yokuronga nayo mutemo.

U.S. Imba yavamiriri uye U.S. Dare website dzinogovera mashoko pamusoro pemiraudzo yekamuri, miitiro, matare, uye mitezo. Nzvimbo idzi dzinobatanidza zvinhu zvedzidzo, mashoko enhau, uye pfuma nokuda kwavamiriri.

Congress Researchal Service inobudisa mishumo ine udzame pamusoro pomuitiro wemitemo nenhau dzakananga, zhinji dzadzo dzinowanika kuvanhu kupfurikidza neCongress.gov. iyi mishumo inogovera kunzvera kune chiremera, kusiri kwechechi kwemiitiro yemitemo nemibvunzo yemitemo.

Mawebsite ehurumende anopa zviwanikwa zvakafanana nokuda kwomutemo wenzvimbo yehurumende. Nyika imwe neimwe inochengeta website yayo yemitemo ine mashoko pamusoro pezvikwereti, vatemi vemitemo, matare, uye miitiro. Vagari vanofarira mutemo wenyika vanofanira kunyora mubatanidzwa wewebsite yedare ravo rehurumende ndokunzvera zviwanikwa zviripo.

Zvirongwa zvekositiki, masangano ezvokutengeserana, uye masangano okudzora kushambadza zvinobudisawo zvinhu zvinokosha pamusoro pomutemo.Aya masangano anowanzogovera mirangariro yakakomba pamusoro penzira inoshanda nayo uye zvikarakadzo zvokuvandudza, achigovera mashoko ehurumende anowanika mumanyuko ehurumende.

Kupfurikidza nokushandisa zviwanikwa izvi nokushandisa nguva mukunzwisisa muitiro wemitemo, vagari vemo vanogona kuva vatori rutivi vanobudirira zvikuru mukudzora kwehurumende yehurumende ndokubetsera kubasa rinopfuurira rokuumba mubatanidzwa wakakwana zvikuru kupfurikidza nokurangarira, kuvimbisana kwokuziva nebazu romutemo.