Chii Chinonzi Kubhadhara Mutero?

Mitero inzira iyo hurumende dzinotora nayo mari kuvanhu, kumabhizimisi, uye mamwe masangano kuti dzibhadhare mari inobhadharwa yakadai sedzidzo, tarisiro yezvoutano, mashopu, dziviriro yenyika, uye mapurogiramu enzanga. Mitero inomanikidzirwa, kwete mipiro yokuzvidira, uye inodzorwa nomutemo. Simba rokutera ibasa guru rouchangamire, rinoita kuti hurumende dzigovere zvinhu nemabasa izvo musika woga usingagoni kugovera nenzira inobudirira.

Kunzwisisa mitero kunonetsa vadzidzi, vadzidzisi, uye vagari vemo nemhaka yokuti kunotapura zvakananga mari inoraswa, mufambiro wemari, uye kunaka kwemabasa avose. Gadziriro yemitero yakasanosa inoringanira chizvarwa chemari nokukura kwemari neruramisiro. Nenzira inopesana, mitero isina kurongwa zvakanaka inogona kukanganisa zvisarudzo, kudzongonyedza mutengo, uye kusaenzana. Nyaya ino inonzvera kuti mwero yakasiana sei yehurumende / mapurisa, Hurumende, uye mari yomunzvimbomo inosaidzwa kupfurikidza nezvishandiso zvemitero zvakasiyana- siyana uye nei iyi zivo nokuda kwougari hwezvigaro zvakaziviswa.

Nhoroondo Yokupa Mutero

Mitero yazvino uno yakatanga kudzokororwa nokukura kwemitero yehurumende muUnited States, mutero wemari wakabvumirwa zvachose nePendeko re 16 muna 1913. Pamberi paizvozvo, vaRoma vakaisa mitero nemitero, uye vatongi veMiddle Ages vakatsigira hondo nokubhadharwa kwemitero munyika nokubhadharwa kwemitero. Kunzwisisa nhau iyi kunobatsira kutsanangura chikonzero nei mitero iripo nhasi uye kuti yakaumbwa sei nenjodzi dzemari, hondo, uye kukumbira kwenzanga. Somuenzaniso, mutero wemari wakapiwa panguva yeChati chikuru chokuchengetedza mari kuti ive mari yeSocial Security, nemari inowedzerwa pakubhadhara mitero yemari munyika yose munguva yeHondo yehondo yehondo. Iyi mitero inoramba inopfuurira kutsigira kubhadhara mitero yenhau yehondo.

Marudzi Emitero

Mitero inogona kurongwa nenzvimbo yayo (chiri kubhadharwa) uye nehurumende inoimanikidza.

  • [ Mutero unobhadharwa [-A mutero pamubhadharo, mibairo, mubereko, mibayiro, uye mimwe mibhadharo. Inogona kupiwa pavanhu vamwe navamwe (mutero wemari inotambirwa) uye mabhizimisi (mutero wemari inobhadharwa). Mitero inobhadharwa inowanzova inofambira mberi, kureva mwero wemitero uchikwira sezvo mari inokwira.
  • Mutero weBhadha - Mutero wakananga pamubhadharo unoshandiswa kutsigira mapurogiramu einishuwarenzi yenzanga yakadai seSocial Security neMedicare. Kusafanana nomutero wemari inotambirwa, mutero wepeyi inodzokororwa nemhaka yokuti unoshanda bedzi kukepisi yemubhadharo wakati uye haushandi kumari inotambirwa mari yemari.
  • Mitero – Kushandisa mutero kunoiswa kukutengeswa kwezvinhu namabasa. Kunowanzodzokororwa nemhaka yokuti vanhu vanotambira mari yakaderera vanopedzera mugove mukuru wemari yavo pazvinhu zvinobhadharwa. Mitengo yemitero inosiana zvikuru nehurumende nenzvimbo.
  • [ Mutero wePropety [ - Mutero pamusoro poukoshi hwenzvimbo kana kuti zvinhu zvomunhu oga. Imhindu huru yehurumende dzomunzvimbomo uye yakavakirwa paukoshi hwenhumbi. Mitero yemari inobhadharwa muzvikoro, madhipatimendi okudzima moto, migwagwa, uye mamwe mabasa omunzvimbomo.
  • [ Mutero weBhiziro – Mutero pazvinhu zvakati zvakadai sepeturesi, chinwiwa chinodhakisa, fodya, uye pfuti. Mitero yokudzima inowanzoshandiswa kudzivisa kushandiswa kwezvigadzirwa zvinokuvadza uye kutsigira mapurogiramu ehurumende ane chokuita (zvikurukuru, chengetedza mari yomumugwagwa kubva mumitero yepeturu).
  • Capital Gains Tax - Mutero pamusoro pemhindu unowanwa mukutengeswa kwepfuma semitengo, zvisungo, kana kuti nzvimbo. Mhindu huru dzingabhadharwa pamwero wakasiana zvichitsamira panhambo yakavanda (nhambo pfupi. nguva refu).
  • Hurumende neNhaka Mutero – Mitero pakutamisirwa kwepfuma parufu. Mutero wenzvimbo wehurumende unoshanda bedzi kuzvivako zvikuru, nepo dzimwe nyika dzichiisa mitero yenzvimbo yadzo dzimene kana kuti yenhaka.
  • +-Mitero pazvinhu zvakapinzwa kunze kwenyika. Mitero inoshandiswa kudzivirira maindasitiri omumba uye kusimudzira mari, kunyange zvazvo isingakodzeri mari yehurumende nhasi kupfuura muzana ramakore rechi 19.
  • [ Mutero weWealth [-A mutero papfuma yemambure (kuisa mitero yakaderera). Mitero yepfuma haiwanzoshandiswa munyika shomanene dzeEurope. Inoitiranwa nharo nemhaka yezvinetso uye kubhururuka kwedzimbahwe kungabvira.

Kubhadharwa Kwemitero Yechikamu Chenyika

Hurumende yehurumende inotsamira zvikurukuru pamitero yemari yaibhadharwa (munhu oga nekambani) uye inobhadhara mitero yapamutero. Mugore rapamberi pegore ra2023, mitero yavanhu vanotambira mari inotengwa nokuda kweinenge 50% yemari yehurumende, kubhadhara mitero yemari inobhadharwa nokuda kweinenge 36%, uye mitero yemari yebhizimisi nokuda kwe9%. Yasara yaibva mumitero yemari, mitero yenzvimbo, zviremera zvehurumende, uye mamwe manyuko.

Munhu Mumwe Nomumwe Anobhadhara Mitero

Mutero wemari inobhadharwa wehurumende unofambira mberi, nezvikwangwani zvinomwe zvemitero zvinovambira pa10% kusvikira ku 37% sa2024. Gadziriro inoshandisa mwero yomutero wakaderera, inoreva bedzi chikamu chemari iri mukati mebhuraketi imwe neimwe inobhadharwa pamwero iwoyo. Kubhadharwa, zvikwereti, uye kusiiwa kwemitero zvinoderedza mari inobhadharwa. Zvikweretiso zvetsika nemari inobhadharwa (yakadai sefaindi yemari yomutero neyavapirwa) zvinobvumira vateresi kuderedza chikwereti chavo chemitero. Chikwereti cheRegiswo Inhood Revotion Revotion (EITC) uye Child Ricescrets zvinokosha zvinotsigira mhuri dzakaderera nedzinoripirwa.

Mutero wemari inobhadharwa unounganidzwa nokunyimwa mitero uye unofungidzirwa kuti ubhadharwa vanhu vanoshandira. Vanobhadharisa mutero vanonyora madzorero egore negore (Fom 1040) pakasvika April 15. The Internal Revenue Service Service (IRS) inodzosa ndokumanikidzira mitemo yemitero yehurumende. Kunzwisisa zvibhuro zvemari yemitero nechikwereti zvinokosha pakuronga mari yomunhu oga. Somuenzaniso, mipiro yemitengo yebasa kumaakaunziro akadai sa401(k) kana kuti IRAS inogona kuderedza mari inobhadharwa paripi apo kuvaka mari yomunguva yemberi.

Kubhadhara Mitero

Kubhadharisa mitero kunobviswa pamubhadharo wevashandi uye kunoenzaniswa navashandirwi. Mwero weSangano reNzvimbo yekoserivhi i 6,2% yavashandiri uye 6,2% nokuda kwavashandirwi, inoshandiswa kuti ibhadhare kunzvimbo inobhadharwa mari inobhadharwa ($168,600 mu2024). Mwero wemitero weMedicare ndi 1.45% wavashandiri mumwe nomumwe navashandirwi, vasina mubhadharo. Vane 0.9% Medicare substax inoshanda kuvarikiti yakakwirira (inopfuura $200,000 nokuda kwavarobhoridzi vamwe). Vashandi vanobhadhara zvikamu zvose zviri zviviri zveSangano yeSocial Security neMedicarea).

Kubhadharisa mitero kunoramba kuri kudzokera shure nemhaka yokuti zvinongoshanda bedzi kumari inowanwa inotapurwa inowirirana nechekuchengeteka kweSocial Security, uye mari inotambira mari inodzorwa. Zvisinei, zvakabatanidzwa zvakananga nebetsero dzenguva yemberi: Kurega basa kweNzanga yeNzanga, urema, uye betsero dzavapukunyuki, uyewo inishuwarendi yechipatara. Kupedzwa kwenguva refu kwepurogiramu idzi iitiro hanya huru, sezvo mari yechikwereti inotarisana nokuderera kwamakumi amakore anouya pasina purofiti kana kuti betsero.

Kubhadharwa Mutero Nemagandanga

Masangano anobhadhara mutero wemari yehurumende nemhindu dzawo. Trust Cuts ne Jobs Act ya2017 yakaderedza mwero wemakambani we 35% kusvika kunzvimbo yakati sandara 21%. Mitero yeCorporate inoitiranwa nharo: mimwe inopikisa kuti ikosha, nepo vamwe vachipikisa kuti havakurudziri mari inotengwa uye vanotsigirwa nevashandi uye vatengi. Masangano akawanda anoshandisa mari yepamutemo, zvikwereti, uye mari inowana kunze kwemhenderekedzo yegungwa kuti ideredzedzere uwandu hwavo hwemitero. United States inobhadharawo mibayiro yedzimwe nyika, kunyange zvazvo zvichiitwa negadziriro dzokudzivisa mitero yakapetwa kaviri.

Kubhadharwa Mutero Nehurumende

Nyika dzine chiremera chikuru chemitero yelevy, yapamitengo yebumbiro remitemo nemutemo wehurumende. Mitero yehurumende inosiana zvikuru, nedzimwe nyika dzichitsamira zvikuru pamitero yemari inotambirwa, dzimwe pamitero yokutengesa, uye shomanene (seAlaska, Florida, Nevada, South Dakota, Texas, Washington, uye Wyoming) dzisina mutero womunhu oga. Manyika anounganidzawo mitero yemari yebhizimisi, mitero yemari inobvisa mitero, uye mitero yenzvimbo (kusvikira pamitero yemari inotengeswa inokosha zvikuru pamwero yomunzvimbomo). Hurumende yemari yemitero yemitero, yemitero, zvokufambisa, zvokuchengeteka utano (Medicaid), uye mamwe mapurogiramu ehurumende.

Hurumende Inobhadhara Mutero

Hurumende dzakawanda dzinoisa mutero wemari yadzinowana. Zvitsama zvemari inogona kuva yakatsaurwa (muremo, Colorado pa4%) kana kuti zvichifambira mberi nezvikwata zvakawanda (muremo, California ine 13.3%). Dzimwe nyika, seNew Hampshire, mutero bedzi netuso. Mitero yemari yehurumende inowanzodzorwa parondedzero dzemari inobhadharwa asi nedzinobhadharwa nechikwereti zvakasiyana. Nyika dzakawanda dzinobvumira kuderedza mari yadzinobviswa, nepo dzimwe dzichipa mari yavo vamene inotengwa.

Mari yemitero inotambirwa nehurumende inozivikanwa zvikuru nezviri kuitika zvoupfumi, iri kuwedzera munguva yokuwedzera uye kuderera kwemari munguva yokuderera kweupfumi.

Kutengesa Nokushandisa Mutero

Mari yemitero inowanzowanwa munyika dzakawanda. Kusvikira muna 2024, Hurumende shanu hadzina mutero wemari yehurumende: Alaska, Delaware, Montana, New Hampshire, uye Oregon. Pakati pezvirevo izvi, mwero yakabva ku 2.9% (Colado) kusvika ku 7.25% (California). Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinowanzowedzera mutero wadzo dzimene, kukwidziridza mwero wakabatanidzwa mumamwe maguta. Saresi mitero inoshandisa kuzvinhu zvakawanda zvinooneka, asi mitero inowanzova inosunungurwa. Zvokudya nokuda kwokushandisa musha nezvinodhaka zvinobvumirwa zvinowanzoderedzwa pamitengo yakaderera.

Kukwira kwee-commerce kune mutero wakaoma. Kutevera chisarudzo cheDare rapamusorosa ra2018 mu South Dakota v. Wayfair, masangano anogona kuraira kubuda mutengi wenyika kuti aunganidze ndokudzosera mutero kunyange kana vasina kuvapo kwomuviri munyika. Ikoku kwawedzera zvikuru mari yemitero yehurumende ndokurega nzvimbo yokutamba nokuda kwavatengi vomunzvimbomo.

Mimwe Mitero yeHurumende

Mitero yepeturu (inoshandiswa nokuda kwemari yomumugwagwa mukuru), zvinodhaka, fodya, uye cannabis (kunobvumirwa nemutemo). Dzimwe nyika dzine mitero yenzvimbo kana kuti yenhaka, kunyange zvazvo kusunungurwa kwehurumende kwakakwirira zvokuti nzvimbo shomanene dzinobhadhara mutero wehurumende. Nyika shomanene (Maryland, New Jersey, uye dzimwe) dzinoisa mutero panhuro yomunhu oga semotokari kana kuti midziyo yebhizimisi. Kuwedzerazve, masangano angaunganidza mitero mikuru yemitero kana kuti mitero pamubato webhizimisi.

Kubhadharwa Mutero Wenzvimbo Yomunzvimbomo

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo(maruwa, maguta, maruwa ezvikoro, uye maruwa chaiwo) dzinofadza zvikurukuru nemitero yenzvimbo, mitero yomunzvimbomo yokutengesa, uye mitero yemitero yevashandi. Mitero inoripirwa hainyanyi kuzivikanwa pamwero womunzvimbomo asi iri mumamwe maguta (imo, New York City, Philadelphia, uye mitero mizhinji yeOhio). Mitero yemo inowanzodzokororwa kupfuura mitero yehurumende kana kuti yehurumende nemhaka yemitero yemitero yemari uye mitero yokutenga mitero inotora mugove mukuru wemari inobhadharwa nokuda kwedzimba dzakaderera.

Mutero Wezvinhu

Mutero wezvinhu inzvimbo inoiswa mari yemari yehurumende yomunzvimbomo. Inoongororwa panzvimbo nezvivako. Nhamba dzezvisaririra, kuhesvurwa, uye mwero yemitero zvinosiyana nehurumende. Mari yemari yemari yemari K-12 (inenge hafu yemari yezvikoro zvomunyika dzakawanda), mapurisa nemoto, migwagwa, mapaki, maraibhurari, uye mamwe mabasa emasipala. Mitero yenzvimbo inowanzova inodzorwa pamitero yemari inobhadharwa nehurumende, kunyange zvazvo kubhadharwa kwemari yakatarwa pa $150 000 000 neR717.

Nhamba dzemitero yemitero dzinosanganisira mari yokukwiza (mutero pa $6 000 pamutengo wakaongororwa) uye dzinogona kubatanidza kuongorora chaiko nokuda kwevandudziko dzakaita semigwagwa yepamucheto kana kuti mikoto yetsvina. Varidzi vemisha vangakwaniriswa kuregererwa zvinhu zvakadai sokusabhadharwa kwemitero yepamusha (kubhadharwa mari inobhadharwa nokuda kwedzimba dzekutanga) kana kuti shambiso dzevagari vemo vakuru. Mitengo inobvumira varidzi vezvinhu kuti vapindudze kunzvera kuoma.

Kutenga Mutero Munzvimbo Dzacho

Hurumende dzakawanda dzomunzvimbomo dzinoisa mitero yokuwedzera pamutero wehurumende. Mwero yemitero yokutengesa yakabatanidzwa inogona kupfuura 10% mumaguta ane mitero yakakwirira seChicago, New Orleans, uye Seattle. Mari yemitero yomutero yomunzvimbomo inowanzoenda kumari yose kana kuti madonzo akarongwa akadai sechokufambisa, chengeteko yavose, kana kuti kusimukira kwezvemari. Mamwe matura eLevy mitero chaiyo yemo yenzvimbo yomunzvimbomo panzvimbo yokugara (mutero wekotera wekosipo yemari), motokari dzokurenda, kana kuti zvokudya zveresitorendi.

Mamwe Manyuko Emari Yomunzvimbomo

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinounganidza mitero yemitero yakadai semvura, tsvina, kuunganidzwa kwemarasa, matura, uye marezenisi ebhizimisi. Nepo iyoyi ichiwanzonzi mitero panzvimbo pemitero yokurarama munzanga. Dzimwe hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzinoisa mitero yepeturu, mitero yamagetsi, kana kuti mitero yekurukurirano nekurukurirano. Munyika shomanene, mitero yemari yomumusha (inowanzonzi mitero yemitero yemitero) inobviswa pakubhadharwa kwavashandi vanoshanda mukati memiganhu yeguta, pasinei zvapo nekwavanogara.

Mitero uye Maitiro Ezvemari

Mitero inopesvedzera munhu mumwe nomumwe nezvisarudzo zvebhizimisi. Mwero mikuru yemitero inotapurwa inogona kuodza mwoyo basa rokuwedzera, kuchengeta, kana kuti kuisa mari mutero, pfungwa inozivikanwa sechiteshi cheLaffer deenduction. Zvisinei, ufakazi hwetsika hunoratidza kuti mhinduro kumitero inotsamira pazvinhu zvakawanda, kubatanidza kuvapo kwemari inobhadharwa, rudzi rwemitero, uye mamiriro ezvemari. Mitero inogona kubvisa mari inotambira mberi kwemitero uye zvinhu zvinotengwa kana kuti zvinhu zvinotengwa paIndaneti (zvinodikanwa zvokuunganidzwa zvichichinja). Mitero inogona kutapura zvisarudzo zvedzimba uye zvisarudzo zvebhizimisi.

Zvishuvo zvemitero, zvakadai sechikwereti nokuda kwokunzvera nokubudirira, simba rinomutsidzirwa, kana kuti dzimba dzinowanwa dzakaderera, zvakagadzirirwa kukurudzira mibato yakati. Nepo izvozvi zvichigona kuva zvinoshanda, zvinoomesawo bumbiro remitero ndokuderedza mari. Ndyiko dzemitero($mitengo inobviswa kubva muzvitsama, zvikwereti, uye kusunungurwa) zvinosvika kumazana amabhiriyoni amadhora pagore pamwero wehurumende yoga. Kunzwisisa uku kushambadza kunokosha kugona kunzvera zvikarakadzo zvemitero.

Kutenderera Kwomutero Nokubiridzira

Nokuda kwavanhu vazhinjisa, nhambo yemitero inopfuurira gore negore. Vashandirwi vanonyima mari uye vanobhadhara mitero yapapepa pacheki imwe neimwe yakavakirwa pachimiro cheW-4. Vanhu vanoshandira vanofanira kuita mitero inofungidzirwa kuva mibhadharo mikurusa. Gore remitero rinoguma pana December 31, uye rinodzokerwa (kubatanidza futunuko) rakafanira pa April 15 wegore rinotevera. Vabhadhari vanogona kugadzira mitero pakombiyuta vachishandisa purogiramu yemitero kana kuti nyanzvi dzinopinza basa. Mitengo yeIRS inofanira kudzosa nemitero inobhadharwa nokuda kwemitero inobhadharwa mukati memavhiki mashomanene.

Kuronga mutero kunobatanidza mari inowanwa panguva yakafanira nezvinobviswa kuderedza musengwa. Somuenzaniso, kunongedzera mari kugore raunowana rakaderera kana kuti kukurumidzisa mari kuva gore remari inotambirwa inogona kuderedza mitero yose zvayo. Kupa mari yemaakaundi anoshanda pamutero yakadai se 401 (k), IRAS, uye Zveutano Kuchengeta mari yemitero (S) zvinopa betsero dzapakarepo nemari inochengetwa kwenguva refu. Vadzidzi navadzidzisi vanofanira kunzwisisa mipimo yemitero, zvikurukuru kana vane mabasa enguva isina kuzara, zvikepeto, kana kuti mabasa okuvaka akasununguka.

Makakatanwa Emitemo Yemitero

Mitemo yemitero inoramba ichikurukurwa munyaya dzezvematongerwe enyika.

  • [ Kufambira mberi vs. Mitero yeBhosvo - Kuwedzera kwemitero nemari yokuparadzira pfuma, kana kuti mwero wakajeka unofanira kurerutsa bumbiro remitemo ndokukurudzira kukura here?
  • Tax Cuts ne Wedzero Yemari - Ko mitero inozvibhadharira imene mumubato wezvemari wakawedzerwa, kana kuti inowedzera zvikanganiso ndokuda kuderedzwa kwendyiko here?
  • Mitero yeWealth v. Mitero inobhadharwa - Mutero wehurumende unofanira kuunganidzwa panzvimbo pemari inongowanwa? Vatsigiri vanoutaura kuti unoderedza kusaenzana; vashori vanoderedza kukoshesa nokunetsa kwemari yendege.
  • Migodhi yeTax ne Base Broadening – mutengo wokuvhara nechikwereti (panzvimbo yapasi) zvingagona kubvumira mwero wakaderera zvikuru apo unenge uchikwidza mari imwe. Zvisinei, chiwiso chimwe nechimwe chine ganhuriro inorwisa kuichengeta.
  • [ International Trusation - Masangano amarudzi akawanda anofanira kubhadharwa sei kuti adzivise kuchinja kwemitero yakaderera? Chibvumirano chenyika yose chemitero cheOECD inhamburiko yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi yokutaura nezvayo.
  • [[[NHAU: 0] Mitero yemipimo – mitero yecarbon kana kuti gadziriro dzekepisi neradhi dzinokarakadzwa kuderedza kubudiswa kwegasi rinopisa. Iyi mitero inogona kukwidza mari apo inoita kuti mamiriro okunze aenderere mberi.

mhedziso

Mutero rutivi rwakaoma asi runokosha rwekudzora. Federal, hurumende, uye hurumende dzomunzvimbomo imwe neimwe inoshandisa zvishandiso zvemitero zvakasiyana kutsigira mabasa ayo vagari vemo vanotsamira paari. Kunzwisisa kuti aya mitero inoshanda sei (mwero yavo, mitauro, miuyo yemari, uye miraudzo yemiitiro yokushambadza vanhu kuti vaite zvisarudzo zvemari yadzinoziva. [[FLT:]][5], mutengo wezvisakiso wemari unowedzera kushaidzwa murukudzo yehurumende.[FFF]]