Table of Contents

Bill of Rights inomira serimwe ramagwaro anokosha zvikurusa munhau yeAmerica, ichibatira senheyo yorusununguko rwomunhu oga nedziviriro mukurwisana netsoropodzi dzehurumende. Yakasimbiswa pana December 15, 1791, idzi ziviso gumi dzokutanga kuUnited States dzinotanga dziviriro dzinokosha dzinopfuurira kuumba hurumende yehurumende yegutsaruzhinji yeAmerica negadziriro dzapamutemo munyika yose. Kunzwisisa Bill of Rights, zvikurukuru rusununguko rwokutaura nedzimwe rusununguko dzinokosha kwainovimbisa, kunokosha nokuda kwomugari wemo ari wose anoda kunzwisisa zvizere kodzero dzavo nemitoro munzanga yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yeruzhinji.

Nhoroondo Yacho uye Kusikwa Kwekodzero Dzevanhu

Bill of Rights yakabuda mukurukurirano huru yezvamatongerwe enyika mukati mokuparadza kweBumbiro reMitemo. Mukati mekurukurirano pamusoro pokugamuchirwa kweBumbiro reMitemo, vashori varo vakapomerazve kuti Bumbiro reMitemo serakarondwa raizozarura nzira yokudzvinyirira nehurumende yapakati, neyechitsva mundangariro dzavo yeyeuko yokuputswa kwekodzero dzavagari vemo kweBritain pamberi napamberi pechinjo.

Vazivi vairwisa Hurumende vaida simba rokuramba vane hurumende nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo uye vakada mutongo wekodzero dzokudzivirira rusununguko rwomunhu oga, nepo vatsigiri veFederalisi vaidavira kuti dziviriro dzakananga dzakanga dzisiri madikanwa. Kubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira kwaizorondedzera zvikurukuru kutonga kweAmerica kwamazana amakore aitevera.

James Madison akanyora gadziridzo sechigadzikiso chokuganhurira simba rehurumende uye kudzivirira rusununguko rwomunhu kupfurikidza neBumbiro reMitemo. Pana September 25, 1789, Dare Rokutanga reUnited States rakakarakadza kugadziriswa kwe12 kuBumbiro reMitemo. Gumi rezvibvumirano 12 zvinokarakadzwa zvakatenderwa nedzitatu nedzine dzemitemo yehurumende musi waDecember 15, 1791, kuchiumba chatinoziva zvino seBill of Rights.

Bill of Rights yakapesvedzerwa neVirginia Declaration of Rights rakanyorwa muna 1776 naGeorge Mason, ichiratidza kuti dziviriro dzenzvimbo yehurumende dzakazivisa sei gadziriro yorudzi yorusununguko rwomunhu oga.

Rusununguko Rwokutaura: Chibvumirano Chokutanga Chokudzivirira Chinochengetwa Zvikurusa

Pakodzero dzose dzinodzivirirwa neBill of Rights, rusununguko rwokutaura runokosha chaizvo muAmerica.First Amendment inochengetedza rusununguko rune zvakawanda, asi kutaura kunoramba kuri chimwe chezvinhu zvayo zvinonyanya kukurukurwa uye kukurukurwa.

Icho Mhedziso Yokutanga Inodzivirira

Hurumende haifaniri kuita mutemo pamusoro pokutangwa kworudzidziso, kana kuti kurambidza kushandiswa kwarwo kwakasununguka; kana kuti kuganhurira rusununguko rwokutaura, kana kuti rwokubudisa nhau; kana kuti kodzero yavanhu yokuungana norugare, uye kukumbira hurumende nokuda kwokugadziridza zvigumbuso. uyu mutongo mumwe unobatanidza rusununguko rwakasiana: rudzidziso, kutaura, pepanhau, uye chikumbiro.

Vavambi vacho vakaona kukwanisa kutaura nokunamata vakasununguka sekodzero yomuzvarirwo yakadzivirirwa neFirst Amendment.Nheyo iyi youzivi inobvuma kuti dzimwe kodzero dziripo pasina hurumende uye dzinofanira kudzivirirwa pahurumende.

Dare Repamusorosoro rakaona nzira dzakasiyana - siyana dzokutaura nadzo sekutaura kwakadzivirirwa, kusanganisira zviito zvokufananidzira.MuTexas naJohnson (1999), Dare Repamusorosoro reUnited States rakati kupisa mureza muAmerica ishoko rokufananidzira, richiratidza kukura kwedziviriro dzeFirst Amendment.

Kukosha Kwokutaura Usingatyi

Kutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika kuri pachikamu chikuru cheFirst Amendment, sezvo Vavambi vaida hurumende yaizvidavirira kuvanhu, chiri chikonzero nei vakapa vagari vemo maruramiro okuramba mitemo, kutsigira kana kuti kushora, uye kutaura mirangariro yavo norusununguko.

First Amendment inodzivirira kutaura kunyange apo pfungwa dzinotaurwa dzinofungwa kuva dzisina mufungo, dzinogumbura, dzoutere kana kuti dzoruvengo. Iyi dziviriro yakafara inoratidzira nheyo huru: hurumende haifaniri kubatira somupiki wepfungwa dzinogamuchirika kana kuti mirangariro. MuUnited States, kutaura kunovenga kunodzivirirwa zvikuru muFirst Amendment, yakavakirwa papfungwa yokuti harisi basa rakafanira rehurumende kudzivirira vanhu pamifungo nemirangariro yavanowana kuva isingagamuchiriki, isingagamuchiriki, kana kuti kunyange kushora zvikuru, nebasa rehurumende rokudzivirira rusununguko rwakafara rwokutaura vanhu kuti vabvumire kutaura kuratidzirwa kwechienzi nezvinopesana.

Hapana kusiiwa kuripo nokuda kwekunonzi kutaura kworuvengo, tyisidziro dzourudzi dzisingadzivisirwi neFirst Amendment pamwe chete nedzimwe tyisidziro, uye kutaura somunhu oga kutuka kwourudzi kungava kunorangwa pamwe chete namamwe mashoko okurwa, asi kutaura kwakadaro kungasarangwa zvikurukuru nemhaka yokuti ndekwourudzi, kutsigira vatano, kurwisana, kana kuti kune utsinye kurudzidziso rwakati.

Ganhuriro Parusununguko Rwokutaura

Dare Repamusorosoro rakazivisa mamwe marudzi ekutaura anodzivirirwa zvishoma kana kuti asingadzivirirwi neFirst Amendment.

Marudzi ekutaura kusinganyanyi kudzivirirwa neFirst Amendment anosanganisira zvinonyadzisa, kubiridzira, zvinonyadzisira zvevana, kutaura kunokosha kumufambiro usiri wapamutemo, kutaura kunonyandura chiito chokusateerera mutemo chiri pedyo, kutaura kunoputsa mutemo wepfuma yepfuma yemari, tyisidziro dzechokwadi, uye kutaura kwezvokutengeserana kwakadai sokushambadzira.

Kunyandurira Chiito Chisina Kutsaurwa Chomutemo

Chimwe cheganhuriro dzinokosha zvikurusa pakutaura chinobatanidza kunyandurirwa kumasimba masimba kana kuti mubato usiri wapamutemo. MuBrandenburg v. Ohio (11999), ikoku kwakaganhurirwa kumupimo wa "kusateerera mutemo kwakakomba", neDare Rapamusoro zvikurusa richidzongonyedza kutenderwa kweboka reKu Klux Klan nokuda kwe "advocat ... masimba masimba... somutoo wokuita chinjo yezvamatongerwe enyika" nemhaka yokuti kutaura kwavo pamusangano hakuna kuratidzira nokukurumidza, kana kuti vavariro yapedyo, kuita masimba masimba.

MuBrandenburg v. Ohio, Dare Rapamusoro rakataura kuti First Amendment inodzivirira kushandiswa kwesimba kana kuti kuputsa mutemo "kunze uko kusateerera mutemo kwakadaro kunonangidzirwa kana kuti kuita chiito chokusaruramisira chiri pedyo uye sezvingabvira kunyandura kana kuti kuita chiito chakadaro," kureva kuti hurumende ingaranga mashoko akarongwa pakuparira chiito chokusateerera mutemo chiri pedyo uye sezvingabvira kuita kudaro, asi kazhinji kazhinji ingasarambidza kana kuti kuranga kungoitawo zvako kushambadzwa kwesimba kana kuti masimba masimba.

Kupandukira uye Kutaura Kwenhema

Semutemo unozivikanwa navose, nhema dzinodzivirirwa, nokusiya kwakati kuti kwakadai sokuzvidza, kunyengera, kushambadzira kwenhema, kunyengera, uye kureva nhema mukati mehurumende yehurumende inopfuurira, nenhema dzamaune pamusoro pokuva kwakadzivirirwa zvizere. Iyi dziviriro nokuda kwokutaura kwenhema inoratidzira kuziva kweDare kuti kutaura kwenhema hakudzivisiki mukurukurirano yapachena yakasimba.

Kuzvidzwa kutaura kwenhema kweidi uko kunokurukura kurutivi rwechitatu, kunoitwa nomugariro unodikanwa wekuva nemhaka wendangariro, uye kunokuvadza mukurumbira womunhu, nokutaura kunodikanwa kuva kutaura kweidi panzvimbo pokungovawo zvako murangariro kana kuti chisimbwa chisingadaviriri uye kukwanisa kubvumikiswa kuva wenhema.

Muzvinoitika apo kutaura kwacho kune chokuita nomukuru mukuru wavose kana kuti munhu, mubato unozvidza unofanira kuratidzira kuti mukurukuri akaita ne “zvakaipa chaizvoizvo," ndiko kuti, zivo yokuti kutaura kwacho kwakanga kuri kwenhema kana kuti kusakendenga pamusoro pezvokwadi yako kana kuti nhema. Uyu mupimo wakakwirira nokuda kwenhamba dzavose unovimbisa gakava rakasimba pamusoro penhau dzeitiro hanya yavose.

Mashoko Okurwisa Netyisidziro Dzechokwadi

Mashoko anorwisa ndiwo ayo, kupfurikidza nechiito chimene chokutaurwa, anokombamira kunyandura munhu kwaanotaurwa kwaari kuti apindure nechisimba uye kuita saizvozvo nokukurumidza, pasina nguva yokufunga zvinhu, boka ramashoko rokurwa riri mubatanidzwa wakaganhurirwa zvikuru wekutaura, unobatanidza bedzi kurukurirano yakatarisana nechimiro icho sezvinooneka chinganyandura kuita kwapakarepo namasimba masimba kumuteereriwo zvake.

Dare Rapamusorosoro rakatanga kuziva mashoko anonzi aya akadai sa “kurwa mashoko okurwa" kunze kweFirst Amendment muna 1942, Dare richiganhurira dzidziso yokurwa mumakumi amakore akatevera.

Uori uye Zvinonyadzisira Zvevana

Dare repamusoro - soro rinoshandisa muedzo wakananga kuti rione kana zvinhu zvakakodzera sezvinonyadzisa uye zvichitadza kudzivirirwa paFirst Amendment.

Zvinonyadzisira zvevana hazvidzivirirwi neFirst Amendment nemhaka yokuda kudzivirira vana pakubatwa zvisina kufanira nehurumende.

Kutaura Kwezvekutengeserana

Kutaura kwezvokutengeserana kune basa rinoshamisa sechisipo chokutaura chakasununguka, pasina kuva navatsigiri vapamutemo vanokuziva sekwaka “kunodzivirirwa kwakashata. ” Hurumende ingarambidzawo kutaura kwenhema kana kuti kwokunyengera kwomuzvarirwo kwezvokutengeserana, kazhinji kazhinji pasina kunyandura mupimo wokunzvera kwapakati unoshanda kuganhuriro dzomutauro wakawanda zvikurusa wezvokutengeserana.

Kutaura Kunoparira Mufambiro Weutsotsi

MuGiboney v. Empire Study & Ice Co (1949), Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa rakachengeta First Amendment haripi dziviriro ku "kutaura kana kuti kunyora kunoshandiswa sorutivi rukuru rwomufambiro mukuputswa kwomutemo woutsotsi une chiremera," noutsotsi, kana kuti kukumbira kuita mhaka yakati kuti irege kudzivirirwawo.

Ganhuriro Dzenguva, Nzvimbo, uye Dzomunhu

Hurumende ingaganhurira kazhinji kazhinji nguva, nzvimbo, kana kuti mutoo wokutaura, kana ganhuriro dzacho dzisina kusiana neizvo kutaura kwacho kunotaura ndokusiya vanhu vane dzimwe nzira dzakaringanira dzokuratidzira nadzo mirangariro yavo. Iyi mirau isingachinjiri inobvumira hurumende kuchengeta nhevedzano apo inochengeta kutaura kwakasununguka.

Nheyo iyi inoshanda kunzvimbo dzakasiyana - siyana dzevanhu uye masangano akasiyana - siyana, ichidzikamisa kodzero dzokutaura nekodzero dzokushandisa.

Kutaura Mumativi Akasiana

Mwero wedziviriro yeFirst Amendment inosiyana zvichitsamira pamamiriro ezvinhu umo kutaura kunoitika. Hurumende ine simba rakakura(8) rokudzora kutaura kunoshandisa zvinhu zvehurumende, vashandi vehurumende vachigona kudzingwa nokuda kwokutaura zvinhu zvinodzongonyedza kushanda zvakanaka kwomushandi, uye kuva mushandisi, dzidzo yepamusoro, uye vadzidzi vechikoro chapamusoro vangarangwa nemhaka yokutaura zvinhu zvine ngozi zvikuru zvinovhiringidza muitiro wedzidzo kana kuti kushandisa tsika dzakashata kuchikoro.

Nezvehondo yeUnited States, hurumende yehurumende ine simba rakafara zvikuru rokuganhurira kutaura kwavakuru vakuru vemauto, kunyange kana ganhuriro yakadaro ingava isiri yepamutemo kune asiri murwi, Dare Rapamusoro richisimbisa iyi nheyo iri muParker v. Levy (1974), apo Dare rakachengeta chiuto zvikurukuru rakanga riri "nzanga yakagoverwa navanhuwo zvavose, iyo yakada nhungamiro dzorumano zvikuru.

Apo hurumende inoshanda somutarisiri wamatorongo, ine mano makuru kuganhurira kutaura kwakasununguka kwavasungwa, zvikurukuru neganhuriro ipi neipi ine chokuita ne “nenene mufungo nefariro dzapamutemo dzebumbiro remitemo ” kuva inoshanda.

Mutezo Wechipiri: Kodzero Yokutakura Zvombo

Pedziso Yechipiri yeMitemo yakaparira gakava guru nepokungedzerwa munhau yose yeAmerica.Second Amendment inovimbisa maruramiro avanhu okuzvimiririra uye kutakura zvombo nokuda kwokuzvidzivirira kwavo.

Dare Repamusorosoro rakataura nezvokudzivirirwa kweMitemo Yechipiri mumhaka dzinoverengeka dzinoratidza kuti zvinhu zvakagara zvichiitika, richiongorora kana kodzero yacho ichishanda kuvanhu kana kuti kumauto akarongwa, uye kuti ndeipi mitemo inobvumirwa nemitemo.

Penjero Yechitatu: Kudzivirirwa Pakubatanidzwa Kwevarwi

Vagari vemo havagoni kumanikidzwa kuva varwi vana munguva dzorugare. Nepo iyi gadziridzo isingawanzoshandisi munguva dzazvino uno, inoratidzira itiro hanya dzavavambi pamusoro pokunzverwa kwehondo noutsvene hwemisha yavanhu. Third Amendment yakabuda munyunyuto dzehurumende dzokuvambwa kwevarwi veBritain mudzimba dzavanhu pasina kubvumirana.

Mutezo Wechina: Dziviriro Panzvero Nezvinonyengera

Rechina Amendment inodzivirira kodzero yokusununguka pakuvhozhokera kwehurumende kusina mufungo mudzimba dzevanhu kupfurikidza nechinodikanwa chekodzero.iyi dziviriro inogadza nheyo inokosha yokuva woga uye ganhuriro yesimba rokuchengeta mutemo rokunzvera nokusurikirwa.

Izvi zvinovimbisa kuti vamiririri vehurumende vanofanira kuratidza kururamisa vasati vavhozhokera zvinhu zvomunhu oga, vachidzivirira vagari vemo pakutsvaka kwokuzvidira kana kuti kunetsa.

Kuchinja kweCVF Amendment kwakavapo zvinooneka nokududzira kunoita Dare Repamusorosoro, kukurukura nyaya dzemazuva ano dzakadai sokuongorora zvinhu zvemagetsi, kuongorora makombiyuta, uye kuvanza mashoko epafoni.

Kugadziridzwa Kwechishanu: Kuitwa Kwakafanira uye Kudzivirirwa Pakuzvidzvinyirira

Gadziriro yeFishanu inodzivirira vanhu vakawanda vanopomerwa mhosva uye vane zvinhu.Findrence Inorambidza kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwechiremera chehurumende mumitemo, inogadza mitemo yokupa mhaka nehurumende yakakurumbira uye dare guru rinobetsera vatongi, inovimbisa kodzero dzakakodzera, uye inodzivirira vagari vemo pakuzvipa mhosva uye panjodzi dzakapetwa kaviri.

Kudzivirirwa pakuzvitonga kwemunhu amene () kazhinji kazhinji kwaikumbirwa kupfurikidza nemashoko okuti "kuteterera washanu"(anopa misuni) kuti vanhu havagoni kumanikidzwa kuzvipupurira vamene mukuita mhaka. Uku maruramiro anoratidzira nheyo yokuti mutoro weufakazi unova nomupomerwi, kwete mupomerwi.

Mashoko engozi mbiri anodzivisa hurumende kukwirira munhu kanoverengeka nokuda kwemhosva imwe cheteyo, achidzivirira kunetswa nehurumende uye kuva nechokwadi chokuguma mukuita utsotsi.

Hurumende inonzi System Claus inoda kuti itevere miitiro yakanaka isati yanyima mumwe munhu upenyu, rusununguko, kana kuti zvinhu.

Kutora shoko kuCalaus kunzvimbo yakatanhamara, kuchida kuti apo hurumende inotora nzvimbo yomunhu oga nokuda kwokushandiswa kwavose, inofanira kugovera muripo chete kuna mwene.Iyi ganhuriro inoshaiwa vanhu namaruramiro ezvinhu.

Mutezo Wechitanhatu: Kodzero Yokutonga Zvakanaka

Musangano weSikisi WePendement unogovera dzimwe dziviriro kuvanhu vanopomerwa mhosva, dzakadai sekodzero yokutongwa nokukurumidza uye nevoruzhinji, kutongwa nedare rinosarudza risingasaruri mumhosva, uye kuziviswa mhosva dzeutsotsi, zvapupu zvinofanira kutarisana neanopomerwa mhosva yacho, uye vanopomerwa kubvumirwa zvapupu zvake uye kumiririrwa negweta.

Dare Rechitanhatu Remitemo rinovimbisa kutonga kwakarurama uye kwokukurumidza uye kodzero dzokuziva pomero yacho, mupomeri, uye kuwana zano nezvapupu.

Kodzero yezano yakadudzirwa kunoda kuti vakwirirwi vasina mhaka vapiwe magweta pandyiko yehurumende, vachivimbisa kuti urombo hahudzivisi kusvika kumiririro yapamutemo. Kodzero yokutaura nezvapupu inobvumira vakwiridzirirwi kuyambuka vachivapupurira, vachiedza kuvimbika kwoufakazi.

Mhedziso Yechinomwe: Kodzero Dzehurumende Dzokutonga

Kudzivirirwa uku kunoratidza kuti vagari vemo vanogona kunzwiwa nharo dzavo dzevagari vemo nedare rehurumende, kwete kungosarudzwa nevatongi chete.Kugadziriswa kwacho kunochengetedza kodzero yokutonga mumhosva dzinobatanidza zvitsama zvemari, kuchiita kuti vatongi vaongorore simba ravo rokutonga.

Kuchinja Kwezvinhu Kwechisere: Kudzivirira Pachirango Choutsinye Nechisina Kujairika

Kugadziridzwa uku kunotaura nezvezvinhu zvitatu zvinonetsa: zvitsama zvebhegi, faindi, uye rudzi rwezvirango zvinopiwa nokuda kwemhosva.

Kurambidzwa kwechirango choutsinye uye chechienzi kwakaparira kupesana kukuru nekurukurirano, zvikurukuru pamusoro pechirango chorufu, migariro yetorongo, uye miitiro yokutonga.

Chikamu chamashoko chebheyi rakanyanyisa chinovimbisa kuti mari yebheyi haiisirwi pamusoro kwazvo zvokuti haigoni kuwanikwa zvinobudirira, uko kungasekesa murangariro wokusava nemhaka. Chikamu chakaisvonaka chakanyanyisa chinoganhurira nenzira yakafanana mano ehurumende okuisa zvirango zvemari.

Mutezo Wechine Chine Chine Chinetso: Kodzero Dzisina Kusimbiswa

Ninth Amendment inotaura kuti kuronga kodzero chaidzo muBumbiro Remitemo hakurevi kuti vanhu havana dzimwe kodzero dzisina kunyorwa.Idzi tsinhiro dzinotaura nezveitiro hanya yakamutswa mukati mekurukurirano dzokuparadza: kuti kuronga kodzero chaidzo kungadudzirwa kureva kuti kodzero idzodzo chete ndidzo dzinodzivirirwa.

Kunyange zvazvo matare asingawanzovimbi neNinth Amendment semanyuko akazvimirira ekodzero, yakataurwa mukutsigira kodzero dzakasiyana - siyana dzisina kubvumirwa, kusanganisira kodzero dzokuva woga.

Penjero Yechigumi: Simba Rakasara

Iyi gadziridzo inosimbisa nheyo youtongi, ichijekesa kuti hurumende yenyika ine masimba akaganhurirwa bedzi, anoverengwa, nemamwe masimba ose anochengetwa nehurumende kana kuti vanhu.

Ten Standard Amendment inoshanda sechiyeuchidzo chokuti Bumbiro reMitemo rinoumba hurumende yemasimba akaganhurirwa, nehurumende dzinochengeta uchangamire panhau dzisingapiwi kuhurumende yehurumende.

Bhizi Rekodzero Dzevanhu neAmerica Yazvino Uno

Bhuku rinonzi Bill of Rights rinopfuurira kuumba mutemo nenzanga zveAmerica anopfuura mazana maviri amakore pashure pokunge raitwa kuti rive revo.

Nheyo dzakabatanidzwa muBill of Rights ($____Dai hurumende yakaganhurirwa, rusununguko rwomunhu oga, muitiro wakafanira, uye dziviriro yamaruramiro avanhu vashomanene () dzinoramba dziri dzinokosha nhasi seapo aigamuchirwa. Kuchinja uku kunobatira sedziviriro pavhozhokeri vehurumende uye kuvimbisa kuti rusununguko rukuru runochengetwa nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi.

Kushanda Kuhurumende Dzehurumende

Zvisinei, pashure pokugamuchirwa kweKiristotle Demendment yechigumi namana pashure peHondo yevagari vemo, Dare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa zvishoma nezvishoma rakabatanidza Bill of Rights zhinjisa kuti rishandise dziviriro pahurumende dzehurumende uyewo. Uyu muitiro wokubatanidza wave uine chokwadi chokuti kodzero dzinokosha dzinodzivirirwa pamwero yose yehurumende.

Kudzikamisa Kodzero Munzanga Yakasiyana - siyana

Rusununguko rwokutaura rungapesana nekodzero dzemunhu oga; rusununguko rwechitendero rungapesana nemitemo inorwisana nekusaruramisira; kodzero yokutakura zvombo ingapesana nezvinotyiwa nevanhu. Dare rinofanira kudzora kusagadzikana uku, richitsvaka kudzivirira kodzero dzinokosha parinenge richikurukura zvinodiwa nehurumende zviri pamutemo.

Basa Revagari Vemo Mukudzivirira Kodzero

Kunyange zvazvo Bill of Rights ichipa dziviriro dzapamutemo, kuchengetedzwa kwekodzero idzi kunotsamira pakupedzisira pakuziva uye kuvimbisana kwevagari vemo.Vagari vemo vanofanira kunzwisisa kodzero dzavo dzokudzishandisa zvinobudirira uye kuziva apo kodzero idzodzo dzinotyisidzirwa.

Mitoro Inowirirana Nekodzero

Kodzero dzinouya nemitoro inowirirana. Rusununguko rwokutaura rune mutoro wokupinda muhurukuro yavagari vemo uye kuremekedza kodzero dzavamwe kutaura mirangariro yakasiana. Kodzero yokuvhota ine mutoro wokuziviswa pamusoro pavada kutemwa nenhau. Kodzero yokutonga dare redare redare rinotonga inotsamira pakudisa kwevagari vomunyika kubatira savatongi. Iyi mitoro inovimbisa kuti kodzero dzinogona kushandiswa nenzira ine revo uye kuti masangano edemocracy anoshanda nenzira inobudirira.

Kupindura Kutaura Kwausingabvumirani Nako

Kunzwisisa nzira yokupindura nayo kutaura kwaunoona kuva kusina kunaka rutivi runokosha rwokurarama munzanga yakasununguka. Kwave kuchiwanzotaurwa kuti mushonga wakanakisisa wekutaura kwatisingadi, kubatanidza kutaura kunovenga kana kuti kunokuvadza, ndi "kutaura kwakawanda," navanhu vane maruramiro okutaura chikonzero nei kutaura ikoko kusina kururama, kusinganzwisiswi zvakanaka, kana kuti kunosembura, uye kushora zvakananga kutaura kworuvengo nemirangariro inokwanisa kuvaka kuziva, kuderedza kuva nokutendeseka kwomutauro wakashata, uye kunoguma nenzanga ine ruremekedzo zvikuru, inoremekedza zvikuru.

Panzvimbo pokutsvaka kunyaradza kutaura kupfurikidza nechiito chehurumende kana kuti kudzongonyedzwa, vagari vemo vanogona kupinda mukupesana nekurukurirano, vachipa mimwe mirangariro nemirangariro inodenha yavanowana kuva inonetsa.

Bhirogiramu Yamaruramiro Edzidzo

Mayunivhesiti evoruzhinji akadai seIowa State anorambidzwa nemutemo weFirst Amendment, mumutemo wehurumende kana kuti wehurumende, uye angasavhiringidza rusununguko rwemunhu rwokutaura.

Zvisinei, masangano edzidzo anewo fariro dzapamutemo mukuchengeta nhevedzano nokuita mabasa awo edzidzo.

Bhuku Rekodzero Nezvounyanzvi

Kudzivirira kunoitwa neFommerce kuti tisatsvakiswe zvisina musoro kunofanira kutsanangurwa pachishandiswa mafoni, mapepa, uye mashoko anobudiswa pakombiyuta.First Amendment inofanira kudzivirira vanhu panzvimbo dzinobudisa mashoko, paIndaneti, uye pamashoko.

Matare anopfuurira kurwisana nenzira yokushandisa nayo nheyo dzebumbiro remitemo dzakatangwa muzana ramakore rechi 18 kusvikira kuruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwapakati necha 21 nemigariro.

Pesvedzero Yamarudzi Ose Yekodzero Dzevanhu

Bill of Rights yakapesvedzera kukura kwebumbiro remitemo munyika yose, ichibatira somuenzaniso nokuda kwedziviriro dzamaruramiro mudzimwe nyika dzakawanda.Nheyo dzarinobatanidza ($individivial rusununguko rwomunhu oga, hurumende yakaganhurirwa, muitiro wakafanira, uye dziviriro yamaruramiro maduku (hwunoiswa mubumbiro remitemo uye magwaro amaruramiro avanhu kupota nyika.)

Zvishandiso zvekodzero dzevanhu munyika yose, zvakadai seUniversal Declaration of Human Rights, zvinoratidza tsika dzakawanda uye kudzivirira kwakafanana kunowanikwa muBill of Rights.

Kuramba Kuchinetsana Nezvinetso Zvenguva Yemberi

Mibvunzo pamusoro poukuru hwokutaura norusununguko paIndaneti, kushandiswa kwedziviriro dzepachivande kumashoko ekombiyuta, ukuru hwekodzero dzepfuti nemirau, uye dzikamo pakati pechengeteko norusununguko panguva yougandanga zvose zvinoda kutsanangurwa nokushandiswa kwemitemo yekodzero dza Bill.

Idzi nharo dzinoratidzira rudzi rwemutemo webumbiro remitemo rwakadaro — kudikanwa kwokushandisa nheyo dzinogara nguva refu kumigariro inochinja nepo dzichiramba dzakatendeka kumipimo inokosha yaBill of Rights inodzivirira.

Zviwanikwa Zvokudzidza Zvakawanda Nezvekodzero Dzako

Zviwanikwa zvakawanda zvinowanikwa nevanhu vanoda kudzidza zvakawanda nezvekodzero dzavo dzebumbiro remitemo.National Archives inochengeta mashoko akawanda nezveBill of Rights uye nhoroondo yayo.

Nokuda kwaavo vanofarira kunzverazve Bill of Rights, National Archives inopa mashoko akazara pamusoro penhau yechinyorwa norugwaro. Constitution Center yeNational Center [ inogovera zviteshi zvinobetsera kunzwisisa kodzero dzebumbiro remitemo. Manyoro emitemo akadai se Cornell School’S Legal Information Institute yeState yeTrigin [

Kunzwisisa Bhizi rekodzero kunokosha nokuda kwomugari weAmerica ari wose. Iyi gadziridzo gumi inogadza hwaro hwerusununguko rwomunhu oga nehurumende yakaganhurirwa iyo inorondedzera utongi hwehurumende yenyika yeAmerica. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa idzi maruramiro ($ukuru hwavo, ganhuriro dzavo, uye ganhuriro dzavo dzinopfuurira (hwunogona kushandisa zviri nani rusununguko rwavo, kuita mitoro yavo yehurumende yehurumende yeruzhinji, uye kutora rutivi nenzira ine revo muubati ushe hwehurumende yehurumende yegutsaruzhinji.

Mugumisiro: Nhaka Isingaperi Yebhuku Rinopa Kodzero

Anopfuura makore 230 pashure pokunge yabviswa, Bill of Rights inoramba iri rutivi runokosha rwehurumende yeAmerica inosarudzwa nehurumende. Iyi mitoo gumi inodzivirira rusununguko runokosha, inoganhurira simba rehurumende, uye inovimbisa kuti kodzero dzavanhu dzinochengetwa padzvinyiriro huru. Kubva parusununguko rwokutaura kusvikira kumaruramiro okutonga kwakarurama, kubva pakunzvera kusina mufungo kusvikira kuganhuriro yemasimba enyika, Bill of Rights inogadza gadziriro yorusununguko inopfuurira kuumba mutemo nenzanga zveAmerica.

Kududzirwa nokushandiswa kunopfuurira kweizvi zvigadziriso kunoratidzira kuchinjika nokushanda kwazvo kunogara. Sezvo chinjo dzenzanga nedenho itsva dzinomuka, nheyo dzinobatanidzwa muBill of Rights dzinogovera nhungamiro yokudzivirira rusununguko rwomunhu oga padzinenge dzichitaura nezvefariro dzehurumende dzapamutemo. Kunzwisisa idzi kodzero(nemitoro inovaperekedza) zvinokosha nokuda kwokuchengeta nzanga yakasununguka inofungidzirwa naavo vatangi vakabatira kuchengetedza.

Kana kushandisa rusununguko rwokutaura, kushandisa rudzidziso, kutakura zvombo, kana kuti kufarikanya dziviriro dzemuitiro wakafanira, vaAmerica vanobetserwa zuva nezuva namaruramiro Bill of Rights zvinovimbisa. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa idzi dziviriro, kupinda muhurukuro yavanhu vakaziviswa, uye kutora rutivi mumaitiro ehurumende yehurumende yehurumende, vagari vemo vanogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti rusununguko urwu runokosha rwunotsungirira nokuda kwezvizvarwa zvomunguva yemberi. Bill of Rights haisati iri chinyorwa chenhau chete.(w) Chirongwa chipenyu chorusununguko chinopfuurira kudzivirira maruramiro avanhu vamwe navamwe uye kuganhurira simba rehurumende muzana ramakore rechi21 uye kupfuura.