Chiono Chokutanga: Ruramisiro, Rusununguko, uye Ugarikano Semapango Ebumbiro reMitemo

Sumo kuBumbiro reMitemo reIndia inopfuura zvikuru kutanga kworunako. Ndiyo kambasi youzivi inopa nhungamiro kugadziriro yose yebumbiro remitemo. Yakadzorwa mukurwisana nemhiko dzokudzorwa kwehurumende uye kurwisana kwokuzvimirira, Sudungwero inoisa zvinangwa zvenyika yose zvakarongwa kuvaka nhevedzano itsva yenzanga. Mashoko ayo okutanga. [[FLT:]], iThoma, uye [FLT] Weright , ne[FLT] WelF [FFF]

Pregage yakanga isiri mavambo akatevera kufungwa; yakakurukurwa nokungwarira muConstituent Assembly pakati pa 1946 na 1949. Mitezo yakawana kurudziro kubva mumhatsa yamanyuko, kubatanidza American Constitution, French Declaration of the Rights of Man, uye musengwa weSoviet kukodzero dzenzanga nedzemari. Zvisinei, nhevedzano yeIndia yakasiana mukubatanidza kwayo ruramisiro kwakajeka, rusununguko, uye garikano semipimo inotsamira pamunhu. Iyoyi haisi mirangariro yemifungo yemipimo inowirirana asi inobatira mutemo womugariro, kududzira dare, uye chiito choukuru. Inoshanda somupimo unorwisana neko kuva nekodzero kwechiito chehurumende.

Nyaya ino inonzvera imwe neimwe yeiyi nheyo dzakavakirwa muudzame, inonzvera batanidzwa dzadzo, uye inoyera kushanda kwadzo kwapanguva imwe cheteyo. Inorangarirawo denho dzinomuka apo kushandura mirangariro yebumbiro remitemo kuva yechokwadi. Pamugumo, varavi vachanzwisisa chikonzero nei Pregegedge inoramba iri chinyorwa chipenyu (icho chinopfuurira kunyandura ndokutungamirira rwendo rworudzi kunzanga yakarurama zvikuru, yakasununguka, uye yakadzikama.

Nhoroondo Yacho: Kugadzira Chiono Chorudzi Rutsva

Pregage yakaitwa musi waNovember 26, 1949, uye yakazogadziridzwa gare gare muna 1976 kuwedzera mashoko "Sociast," "Sociast," uye "Interration" drap yayo yapakuvamba, yakakarakadzwa naJawaharlal Nehru muIntecry Resolution yake yaDecember 1946, yakatova nemisengwa mikuru kururamisiro, rusununguko, uye garikano. Constituent Assembly yakakai yaiitirana nharo kana nheyo idzodzi dzakanga dzakarurama kana kuti zvaingovawo zvishuvo. Chibvumirano chakanga chiri chokuti apo Pregardary amene haatsigiri mudare romutemo, chinobatira sechishandiso chinokosha chokududzira kunzwisisa gadziriro dzebumbiro.

Vagadziri vebumbiro remitemo reIndia vainyatsoziva nezvemisiyano yakadzika yerudzi rwacho neyapasi pevhu, kushaiwa mari, uye rusaruro rwenzanga. Vainzwisisa kuti kuzvitonga kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwoga kwaisazovimbisa rusununguko. Rusununguko rwechokwadi rwaida kubviswa kwokusaruramisira kwegadziriro. Iyi ndiyo inoita kuti mavambo echiIndia ave akasiana: haaparadzani neruramisiro yenzanga. Panzvimbo pezvo, anoomerera kuti vaviri ava vari kutsigirana.

Vagadziri vakatarirawo nokungwarira pamashoko akapoteredza enyika yose. Zvinotyisa zvehondo mbiri dzenyika, kumuka kwechiFascism, uye rwisano dzinopfuurira mukurwisana nokudzorwa kwehurumende dzakaumba kufunga kwavo. Vaida Bumbiro reMitemo iro raisazodzivisa bedzi udzvinyiriri asi rinotsigira nokushingaira kubudirira kwavanhu. Ichi ndicho chikonzero nei Pregatori yacho ichitaura nezvokuchengetedzwa kuvagari vose vemo kururamisira //social, upfumi, uye matongerwe enyikahnhn rusununguko rwokufunga, kutaura, kutenda, uye kunamata. Welfare, muiyi gadziriro, isati iri maruramiro omutsa asi muteo wemitemo.

Ruramisiro: Mbiru Yokutanga Yomutemo

Kuzvipira kwokutanga kururamisiro kunopesana: ruramisiro yenzanga, yemari, uye yezvamatongerwe enyika. Uku kuumbwa kwakakwana kunoratidzira nzwisiso yavagadziri kuti ruramisiro munzvimbo imwe haina kukwana pasina ruramisiro mudzimwe. Mashoko okuti "ruramisiro", upfumi, uye zvamatongerwe enyika" anooneka musumo sefariro yakabatana, asi rutivi rumwe norumwe rune mirangariro yakasiana.

Ruramisiro Yenzanga

Ruramisiro yenzanga inotsvaka kubvisa rusaruro rwakavakirwa pamapoka, boka, chikadzi, rudzidziso, kana kuti nharaunda. Inoda kuti nyika ishande nokushingaira kubvisa mhinganidzo dzinodzivisa mapoka akati kuwana mikana nezviwanikwa. Bumbiro reMitemo rinoita kuti ruramisiro yenzanga ishande kupfurikidza negadziriro dzakadai sokubviswa kwedauchability (Article 17), kurambidzwa kworusaruro (Artle 15), uye kugoverwa kwezvigaro mumasangano edzidzo nemabasa avose zvenhau munzanga (Mazita 16 ne335).

Dare rapamusoro rakaramba richidavira kuti ruramisiro yenzanga rutivi runokosha rweBumbiro remitemo. Munhau dzakadai se Indra Sawhney v. Union yeIndia (1992), Dare rakasimbisa kuti kusava nekodzero hakusiri kwokuenzana asi mutoo wokuwana nawo kuenzana. Simbiso yedare retsika nokudaro inopa hwaro hwebumbiro remitemo hwokubvuma mitemo inoita kuti ipedze njodzi yenhau.

Ruramisiro Yemari

Ruramisiro yezvemari inobatanidza kuparadzirwa kwakakwana kwepfuma, pfuma, uye mikana. Inovavarira kuderedza kusaenzana uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti mugari wemo ari wose ane nzira yokurarama nechiremera. Directive Principles of State Policy, zvikurukuru Zvikamu 39(b) uye 39(c), inotungamirira nyika kuva nechokwadi chokuti pfuma yenzanga inoparadzirwa kuti ishande zvakanaka zvose. Kuzvipira kwemutezo wemari kunoparira kuchinja nyika, mitemo inotambira mari shoma, uye zvirongwa zvokuchengetedza vanhu.

Bumbiro reMitemo harisi murairo wetsika yakati yezvemari, asi kuiswa kweshoko rinonzi "Sociast" muFindment yechi 42th Remendment kwakasimbisa pfungwa yokupindira kwehurumende kururamisa kusadzikama kwezvemari. Ikoku hakurevi upfumi hwemirayiro; panzvimbo pezvo, kunoreva upfumi hwakavhengana umo hurumende inoita basa rinodzorwa uye rinosimudzira. Chiratidzo chemari chinoramba chiri chinhu chinokwikwikwidzanwa uye chinochinja, zvikurukuru mumugariro wezve upfumi uye kutengesa, asi midzi yayo yebumbiro remitemo muPregation yakajeka yakajeka yakajeka.

Ruramisiro Yezvamatongerwe Enyika

Ruramisiro yezvamatongerwe enyika inoreva kutora rutivi kwakaenzana mumuitiro wezvamatongerwe enyika. Bumbiro reMitemo rinovimbisa kudzorwa kwavakuru munyika yose (Article 326), ichivimbisa kuti mugari wemo ari wose ane maruramiro okuvhota pasinei zvapo nepfuma, dzidzo, kana kuti mugariro wenzanga. Inoitawo sangano rakasarudzwa rakasununguka, rinogovera rusununguko rwekutaura negungano kuti zvigone kugonesa kutora rutivi mune zvamatongerwe enyika.

Ruramisiro yezvamatongerwe enyika haisati ichingova bedzi pamusoro pokuvhota.

Rusununguko: Nheyo Youpenyu Hwehurumende

Sumo inopikira "kuwedzera kwemifungo, kutaura, chitendero, kutenda, uye kunamata." Uku kuumbwa kukuru kunopfuura rusununguko rwakaipa / rusununguko kubva mukudzongonyedzwa() kubatanidza migariro iri madikanwa kuti vanhu vakudziridze mano avo ndokupa mipiro kuupenyu hwavose. Rusununguko mugadziriro yebumbiro remitemo reIndia haruna kuganhurirwa; runoshanda mukati memiganhu yomutemo, nhevedzano yavose, uye tsika. Asi ganhuriro yacho inotsigira nguva dzose rusununguko, uye ganhuriro dzinofanira kuva dzine mufungo uye dzinoruramiswa.

Rusununguko Rwokufunga Nokuratidzirwa

Chikamu 19 (1) (a) chinovimbisa maruramiro kurusununguko rwokutaura nokutaura, icho Dare Gurusa rakarondedzera se "Munai werusununguko rwose". Iyi rusununguko runogonesa vagari vemo kutora rutivi mukurukurirano yedemocracy, kutsoropodza hurumende, uye kutsigira chinjo. Pregedge inosimudzira iyi maruramiro kuukoshi hwebumbiro remitemo kupfurikidza nokuibatanidza kugadziriro yakafara yezvigaro zvehurumende yedemocracy.

Muchinoitika chechiratidzo Romash Thapar v. State of Madras (1950), Dare rakaramba kuti rusununguko rwokutaura rwuri pahwaro hwemasangano ose edemokrase. Marutongeso akatevera akawedzera iyi maruramiro kubatanidza rusununguko rwechinobudisa nhau, maruramiro okuziva, uye kunyange maruramiro okuramba akanyarara. Kuzvipira kwechibvumirano kurusununguko rwekutaura nokudaro kunopa hwaro hwapamutemo hwenzvimbo huru yavose, kunyange zvazvo denho semashoko akaipa, kuvenga, uye kunzvera kwehurumende kunopfuurira kuedza miganhuro yarwo.

Rusununguko Rwokutenda, Kutenda, uye Rwokunamata

Kusiyana - siyana kwezvitendero zveIndia nderimwe remavara akwo anorondedzera, uye kuvimbisa kwePregaget rusununguko munhau dzechitendero nokunamata kunoratidzira kuzvipira kukusada kunamata. The 42nd Amendment yakawedzera kuti "Social" zvakajeka kuGadziro, asi nheyo yacho yakanga yatosimbiswa mugadziriro dzeBumbiro remitemo dzorusununguko rwechitendero (Articles 2528).

Rusununguko rwechitendero runoreva kuti vanhu vakasununguka kugamuchira, kushandisa, uye kuparadzira chitendero chavo, kana kuti kusarudza kusatevera chitendero chipi nechipi.Hurumende inodiwa kuti irambe isina kwayakarerekera kumarudzidziso ose ichiri nesimba rokudzora mibato yenyika ine chokuita nemuitiro worudzidziso.

Dare rapamusoro zvikurusa rakashandisa kazhinji kazhinji sumo kutsanangura uzivi hwenyika sorutivi rukuru rweBumbiro remitemo. Mu S.R. Bommai v. Union yeIndia (1994), Dare rairangarira kuti kusava norudzidziso rutivi rwechimiro chikuru uye hakugoni kugadziriswa. Simbiso yePregegedge parusununguko nokudaro inogovera zvose zviri zviviri nhoo mukurwisana nerusaruro rworudzidziso uye munondo mukurwisana nokuedza kushandisa rudzidziso nokuda kwemiganhu yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Ganhuriro Dzorusununguko

Chinoita kuti mashoko okutanga anokosha ave anokosha ndeokuti anotanga kutsanangura: ganhuriro dzinofanira kubatira nharidzano huru dzebumbiro remitemo reruramisiro negarikano, kwete kuderedza rusununguko pasina donzo. Mutoro wechibvumikiso uri pahurumende kururamisa ganhuriro ipi neipi, uye matare akakudziridza mupimo wewirirano wokuhwirudzura ganhuriro dzakadaro.

Kubudirira: Basa Rinosimbisa reHurumende

Musengwa wePregagegery ku "kutsaura kuvagari vose" migariro yokugarika zvakanaka unobatwa muDirective Principles of State Policy. Shoko rokuti "Welfere" harioneki zvakajeka murugwaro rweChirungu rwokutanga, asi mashoko okuti "kusiya vanhu vose" anoreva basa rehurumende rinoshanda mukusimudzira kubudirira kwavanhu. Shanduro yeHindi inoshandisa "6" (westerne), uye chiumbwa chose chose chose chinojekesa kuti Bumbiro remitemo rinoisa mumiriro yegarikano.

Nyika Yebudiriro Mumurangariro Webumbiro remitemo

Dare reIndia rinoramba muenzaniso weraisez-faire wezana ramakore rechi 19. Panzvimbo pezvo, rinogamuchira mutoo wegarikano apo hurumende ine musengwa wakananga wokuva nechokwadi chemipimo mishomanene yokurarama, dzidzo, tarisiro youtano, uye chengeteko yenzanga. Mitemo yeDipatimende, kunyange zvazvo isina kururama, inokosha kukudzora kwenyika, uye Prequgedury inoipa simba retsika nerinodudzira.

Chikamu 38 chinoraira kuti nyika itsigire garikano yavanhu kupfurikidza nokuchengeta nhevedzano yenzanga umo ruramisiro (sangano, mari, uye zvamatongerwe enyika) ichazivisa masangano ose oupenyu hwenyika. Chikamu 39 chinoronga nharidzano chakananga, kubatanidza mitoo yakakwana yokurarama nayo, mubhadharo wakaenzana nokuda kwebasa, uye dziviriro yavana nepwere mukudzvinyirirwa. Chikamu 41 chinobata nekodzero yokushanda, dzidzo, uye betsero yavose muzvinoitika zvourovhaki, zera, chirwere, uye urema.

Kubudirira Kunopfuura Nheyo Dzinotungamirira

Nepo Directive Principles isingamanikidzwi mudare, zvakashandiswa neDare Rapamusorosoro kukudza ukuru hwekodzero dzinokosha. Mu Unni Krishnan v. State of A.P. (1993), Dare rakarava kodzero yedzidzo kupinda muChikamu 21, kuchitungamirira kuParamende yechi 86 iyo yakaita kuti dzidzo yokutanga ive maruramiro anokosha. Nenzira yakafanana, maruramiro outano akadudzirwa sorutivi rwamaruramiro oupenyu, achibvumira hurumende kugovera nzvimbo dzokurapa nokuvandudza utano.

Mazano okutanga ezvegarikano anotsigirawo mutemo wenzanga wakadai seMahatma Gandhi National Goral Brial Brigials Confict Act (MGNREGA), National Food Security Act, uye Guvi raIdzi mirau dzinoshandura mirangariro yebumbiro remitemo kuva maruramiro anomanikidzirwa, ichiumba gadziriro nokuda kweruramisiro inoparirwa nedziviriro yenzanga.

Denho Yekugara Zvakanaka

Kushandisa mugariro wegarikano kunoda zvisakiso zvikuru, uye simba reIndia kazhinji kazhinji rakakundikana zvishuvo zvebumbiro remitemo. Mitero, kushanda kwoudzori, uye zvematongerwe enyika zvose zvichatapura kuitwa kwenharidzano dzegarikano. Pregedge haisati ichiraira muitiro wakati wezvemari, asi kunoda kuti zvisarudzo zvemiitiro zviitwe mukupesana negarikano yavanhu. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kukurukurirano dzinopfuurira pamusoro pedziringaniso pakati pekukura nokubetsera, kushanda zvakanaka kwemusika nebatano yehurumende, uye mutoro womunhu oga neboka.

Kupindirana Kworuramisiro, Rusununguko, uye Ugarikano

Kutanga hakupi ruramisiro, rusununguko, uye garikano semipimo yakaparadzana kana kuti inokwikwidzana.Asi, kunozvirangarira semativi anotsinhirana echiono chimwe chebumbiro remitemo. Ruramisiro pasina rusununguko runogona kuva runodzvinyirira; rusununguko rusina ruramisiro runogona kuva rusingaenzaniswi; uye garikano isina rusununguko inogona kukura kuva youbaba.

Somuenzaniso, ruramisiro yezvemari inoda kuti nyika iparadzire zviwanikwa, izvo zvingabatanidza ganhuriro pakodzero dzezvinhu. Bumbiro reMitemo rinoisa iyi ganhuriro kupfurikidza nokuita kuti kodzero yokuva nekodzero yepamutemo panzvimbo pekodzero huru (yakabviswa neEdmiration yechi 44). Nenzira yakafanana, ruramisiro yenzanga ingada kubvumwa kuti chiito icho chinoganhurira kwechinguvana rusununguko rwavamwe vanhu kuti vawane nharidzano huru yemitemo yokuenzana. Dare Rapamusoro rakaomerera nguva dzose kuti ganhuriro dzakadaro dzinobvumirwa kwenguva refu sezvadzinowirirana uye dzinobatira vavariro dzePregation.

Kubatanidzwa kweidzi nheyo kunotsanangurawo chikonzero nei Bumbiro reMitemo richiisa mitoro pavagari vemo parutivi pekodzero.Chikamu 51A, chakapinzwa neFidmerment yechi 42, chinoronga mabasa makuru anobatanidza kusimudzira tsinhirano, kudzivirira mhoteredzo, uye kuvavarira kukwaniriswa mumativi ose omubato womunhu oga nomubatanidzwa.

Kudzokera Kune Imwe Nguva: Kutanga Kwezana Remakore Rechi21

Zvinetso zvitsva zvakaoneka (jekiseni) kusaenzana kwemagariro ezvinhu, kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, kuzivikanwa kwematongerwe enyika, uye kusabatana kweupfumi) asi mutemo unoita kuti pave nezvinhu zvinobatsira pakugadzirisa matambudziko acho.

Kodzero yokuva woga, inozivikanwa sekodzero inokosha mu K.Passamy v. Union yeIndia (2017), yakasimbiswa mumusengwa wePreging kurusununguko nechiremera. Dare rairangarira kuti kuva woga chinhu chinokosha chechiono chebumbiro remitemo chenzanga yakasununguka neyakarurama. Nenzira yakafanana, jurisprudence yakakumbira mufambiro wegarikano yePregedgey kuziva mhoteredzo yakachena neyakanaka sorutivi rwamaruramiro oupenyu.

Masangano enzanga nokuda kweruramisiro yevatano, LGBTQ+ maruramiro, uye kukuvadzwa zvakakweverwa pasumo kuti zvitsigire kunzwisisa kukurusa ruramisiro norusununguko. Kubviswa kwoungochani mu Navtej Singh Johar v. Union of India [2017]) inonongedzera zvakajeka mipimo yeChongedzero yerusununguko, kuenzana, uye chiremera. Izvi zvinoratidza kuti Kushambadza kwacho hakusi rugwaro rwakarerekera pasi asi manyuko mapenyu okududzira mutemo webumbiro remitemo ayo anochinja nechaivo.

Musengwa wegarikano yegarikano uri kuedzwawo nedenho dzemari, kushanda, uye basa risina kusimba. Musengwa wehurumende wokuita ruramisiro yenzanga neyemari unoiraira kugadziridza mitemo yebasa, kuwedzera kuchengeteka kwenzanga, uye kuisa mari mudzidzo nounyanzvi. Pregedge haisati ichiraira miitiro yakananga, asi inoda kuti miuyo yemiitiro iyererwe pachiratidzo chegarikano yavanhu.

Uchenjeri Hunoenzanisa: Sumo Yenyika YeIndia Mundima Dzinopoteredza Dzepasi Pose

Peregary yeIndia inogoverana kufanana namamwe mashoko ebumbiro remitemo asi inewo mativi akasiana. United States Constitution inovamba ne "Isu Vanhu" uye inovavarira ku "Ruramisiro, kuvimbisa kuva muravi, kugovera dziviriro dzemhuri, kutsigira Werfare yese, uye kudzivirira Zvikomborero zveNdendero. ” The Indian Pregegedge inokwevera paiyi tsika asi inowedzera musengwa wakajeka kururamisiro yenzanga nezvemari, inoratidzira pesvedzero yomufungo wenzanga nemigariro chaiyo yenzanga yeIndia.

Bumbiro reMitemo reFrance ra 1958 rinosimbisazve nheyo dza 1789: rusununguko, kuenzana, kubatana. Kutanga kweIndia kuri pedyo zvikuru nomuenzaniso weFrance musimbiso yako paukama (kwakabatanidzwa nePendemente yechi 42 se“kusimbisa chiremera chomunhu nechinzwano neperero zvorudzi). Zvisinei, kubata kweIndia garikano sebasa remitemo rehurumende kwakajeka zvikuru kupfuura mumirayiro mizhinji yokuMadokero, iyo inokombamira kusiira garikano kuchisarudzo chemitemo.

South Africa yapashure peparatimende yeMitemo, yakagamuchirwa muna 1996, inodzokorora kuzvipira kwayo kweIndia kukuporesa mapoka enguva yakapfuura nokutanga chaunga chakavakirwa pamipimo yedemocracy, ruramisiro, uye maruramiro makuru. Mabumbiro ose ari maviri anoziva kuti ruramisiro inoda kukurukura zvikanganiso zvenhau uye kuvamba migariro nokuda kwokuenzana kwapaduku. Pereggey yeIndia nokudaro ndeyemhuri yemitemo inochinja mitemo inoshandisa mutemo wemitemo sechishandiso chokuchinja kwenzanga.

Zvinetso Mukushandiswa: Musiyano Pakati Pezviito Nechokwadi

Pasinei zvapo nechiono chebumbiro remitemo, kushandurwa kweruramisiro, rusununguko, uye garikano muruzivo rwokuzviwanira rwakasiana. Kusarura, nepo kuchibviswa pamutemo, kunopfuurira mumuitiro wenzanga. Kusaenzana kwezvemari kwawedzera mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura aya, 1% yakapfuma zvikuru inodzora mugove mukuru wepfuma yenyika. Kutora rutivi kwezvamatongerwe enyika, nepo kwakaenzana nenzira yapamutemo, kunotyiswa nemari, simba retsandanyama, uye kubatanidzwa kwakavakirwa pazivikanwo.

Nharidzano dzegarikano dzakatarisana neganhuriro dzesimba rezvemari, ushati hwehurumende, uye kudzivisa kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Gadziriro dzakanangidzirwa pakuderedza urombo nedziviriro yenzanga dzakawana betsero dzinokosha (hwunoyera upenyu hwakapetwa kaviri), mwero yokudzidza nokunyora yakawedzera, uye urombo hwakakomba hwakaderera (asi mamirioni achiri kushaiwa kusvika kukutarisirwa kwakakwana kweutano, dzidzo, uye zvokudya zvinovaka muviri. Dambudziko reCOVID ra19 rakafumura kusashanda zvakanaka kwerutava rwenzanga uye kuderera kwavashandi vomumabato.

Rusunungukowo, rwakatarisana netyisidziro dzinobva mukuva mukurusa, kunzvera, uye kuderera kwokuzvimirira kwesangano. Chiono choushamwari (8) pfungwa yokugoverana kuva mugari wemo mumitsetse yose yomusiyano() yakaedzwa nokuparadzana kwenzanga nokutaura kworuvengo. Kurwisana pakati pechengeteko yenyika norusununguko rwavagari vemo kunopfuurira kuparira makwikwi apamutemo neezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kusiyana neizvi, mukaha uri pakati pepfungwa dzebumbiro remitemo nechokwadi chaicho chinopa simba rokupfuurira kurwisana nokuchinja.Pregegry inoshanda sechiratidzo icho vagari vemo vanogona kuita kuti nyika izvidavirire. Masangano enzanga, nzanga, uye mapepanhau anozvimirira anoita basa rinokosha mukukurudzira mukaha uyu nokukurudzira pfungwa dzavose uye kurayira kuti pave nemitemo.

Mugumisiro: Kukudzwa Kusingaperi Kwechiono cheBumbiro Romutemo

Kusimbisa kwePregagege paruramisiro, rusununguko, uye garikano hakusati kuri chisaririra chenhambo yokuzvimirira. Ichi chibvumirano chipenyu chinopfuurira kuumba hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeIndia nenzanga. Zvizvarwa zvinobudirira zvakadudzira idzi nheyo muchiedza chedenho itsva nemikana, zvichifutunura ukuru hwekodzero nokukudza revo yougari hwemo. Bumbiro remitemo rakachinjwa kakawanda, asi dzidziso huru inovimbisa kuti mipimo mikuru yePregegegedge haigoni kuparadzwa.

Kunzwisisa Sumo yacho kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anoda kupinda muupenyu hwavose hweIndia. Kunogovera mashoko etsika nokuda kwokuitirana nharo pamusoro pomutemo, gadziriro yapamutemo yokudzivirira maruramiro, uye chiono chenzanga chokuvaka nzanga yakarurama neyakasingawirirani. Pregary inotiyeuchidza kuti Bumbiro reMitemo harisi gwaro repamutemo chete asi chibvumirano chenzanga chevimbiso yokushandira remangwana riri nani nokuda kwavagari vose.

Nokuda kwokuraviwazve pagadziriro yebumbiro-mitemo, varavi vangabvunza Chibvumirano chenzvimbo yebumbiro remitemo yeIndia, Dare reIndiya rezvisarudzo shopu ye, uye nzvimbo yedzidzo yakadai se [[FLT:] Oxford Handbook yeConstitution yeIndian Constitution. PRS GUS Crective Researchs[] inopa rondedzero dzinoda zviitiko zvemitemo, nepo [[FLT:]

Rwendo runobva kuchipikirwa chebumbiro remitemo kuenda kuchinhu chaichoicho chenzanga harutongoperi. Asi Sumo inopa nhungamiro kurwendo irworwo, kumisa kuedza kwedemokrase yeIndia mumipimo inogara mururamisiro yeruramisiro, rusununguko, uye garikano. Idzi nheyo hadzisi kugumira madziri dzimene asi kunoreva kumugumo mukuru: kusikwa kwechaunga icho munhu ari wose anogona kurarama nechiremera uye kutora rutivi zvizere muupenyu hwerudzi. Ndicho chiono icho Pregetro inotora, uye ifungidziro yakafanira nokuda kwechiono.