Table of Contents

Masangano anotungamirira anoumba musimboti wenzira iyo hurumende yeUnited States inoita nayo mabasa, inoita nayo mitemo, uye mibato zvinotapura mamirioni eAmerica zuva riri rose. Kubva pakuva nechokwadi chekotsekano yezvokudya zvedu nemvura kusvikira kukutarisira betsero dzeNzanga yeNhaka nokupindura ngwavaira dzomusikirwo, aya masangano chaiwo anoita basa guru mukushandura vavariro dzemitemo kuva chiito chaichoicho chenyika. Kunzwisisa kuti masangano anotungamirira anoshanda sei, chiremera chawo chapamutemo, uye nzira dzaanobatira nadzo vanhu vose zvinogona kukusimbisa kutungamirira zvakanaka kupfurikidza nezviwanikwa zvehurumende, kutsigira fariro dzako, uye kutora rutivi runobudirira zvikuru muupenyu hwehurumende.

Chii Chiri Gadziriro Dzavakuru?

Masangano anotungamirira masangano chaiwo ari mukati mehurumende yehurumende yehurumende ane mutoro wokusimbisa mitemo nokushandisa miitiro, achishanda muchiremera chapurezidhendi uye achitarisira mabasa akasiana - siana akadai semitemo, kutarisirwa, uye kuchengetwa kwegadziriro dzehurumende. aya masangano masangano masangano ehurumende anoronzeswa kuita, kutungamirira, uye kutarisirwa kwomutemo wedu nomuitiro wavose.

Sangano ravakuru vakuru, mumashoko omutemo wokutonga, isangano rehurumende rinovakwa muHofisi yeSangano reSangano rePurezidhendi kana kuti rimwe ramadhipatimendi 15 eCabinet mukati mebazu ravakuru vakuru. Sezvo hurumende yakawedzera, masangano anotungamirira akakudziridzwa senzira yokubetsera purezidhendi kuita mabasa ake ndokupinda muzvinhu zvake. Nhasi, aya mahofisi anopinda mukutarisirwa kwezuva nezuva uye kuchengetwa kwemirairo yemirayiro nemiraudzo.

Masangano anotungamirira akafara zvinoshamisa.Izvi zvinosiya chiverengero chikuru chamadhipatimendi ehurumende, mabhureki, makambani, mabhodhi, vatarisiri namasangano zviri murondedzero ye "mukurumbira". Kune mazana amasangano ehurumende nemabasa ane mitoro yakasiana - siana, mumwe nomumwe achinangidzira ngwariro panzvimbo dzakati dzemiitiro yavose nedzoutarisiri.

Tsika Yemitemo Nemitemo

United States Constitution haigoveri chiremera chakananga uye chakananga nokuda kwokugadzwa kwamasangano anotungamirira kana kuti kugadzwa kwemitezo yeKibitmat. Zvisinei, gadziriro yebumbiro remitemo inogovera chiremera chakakwana.Chikamu II, chikamu 2, Bumbiro reMitemo rinotaura kuti purezidhendi anga "tsvaka Murangariro, mukunyora, womukuru mukuru weBato rimwe nerimwe, paNhau ipi neipi ine chokuita neHofisi dzavo dzakatsaukana.

Masangano anotungamirira anozviisa pasi peAdministrative Procedure Act ("APA"), inodzora muitiro uyo masangano ehurumende anogadzira nokugadza mitemo. Musi weAdministrative Procedia Act ya 1946, "shanje" ichiremera chipi nechipi chehurumende kunze kweCongress, matare, uye mauto. Iyi gadziriro yapamutemo inovimbisa kuti masangano atevere miitiro inowirirana pakugadzira mirau nokuita zvisarudzo zvinotapura vanhu vose.

Kukura Kwenhau

Chinotangira muna 1789, Dhipatimendi reHurumende isangano rehurumende rekaresa. Kubvira panguva iyoyo, sangano rehurumende rakawedzera zvinoshamisa kuti ripedze zvinodikanwa zvinokura zvenzanga inowedzera kuoma.

Muzana remakore rechi20 rose, masangano makuru akakura sezvo hurumende yehurumende yakaita mitoro yakawedzerwa munharaunda dzakadai sedziviriro yemhoteredzo, chengeteko yevatengi, mipimo yebasa, uye gadziriro dzenzanga dzenzanga.

Marudzi Egadziriro Dzavakuru Vakuru

Kunzwisisa misiyano iyi kunobatsira kujekesa kushanda kunoita masangano akasiyana - siyana uye mwero wokuzvimirira kwaanoita, handi kuti masangano ose anotungamirira akarongwa nenzira yakafanana kana kuti anonakidzwa noukama humwe chetehwo napurezidhendi neDare Rinodzora.

Madhipatimendi Anotungamirira Kiteshi yeDare

Madhipatimendi anotungamirira imapoka ehurumende pasi poutarisiri hwakananga hwaPrezidhendi, uye Kibinet yaPurezidhendi inobatanidza Vice Purezidhendi, vakuru vemadhipatimendi 15 anotarisira pasi, uye Attorney General. Madhipatimendi aya anomirira mwero mukurusa wesangano rebazu guru.

Musoro mumwe nomumwe anonongedzerwa pamutemo kwaari soMunyori wedhipatimendi rake, zvakadai soMunyori weHurumende, Munyori weBasa, kana kuti Munyori weBasa, uye vanyori vanoumba mitezo yeCabinet yapurezidhendi ndokugovera mishumo yezuva nezuva nenhungamiro kuna purezidhendi pazvose zviri zviviri nhau dzorudzi nedzemarudzi ose. Vachengeti veDhipatimendi vemibato vanoita mabasa anotsoropodza mukubetsera purezidhendi kutanga muitiro wenyika, kuita kumigariro yokumwe, uye kusimbisa simba rapurezidhendi mukuru mukuru.

Mitezo yeKabhini rutivi rwomutsara wenhevedzano kuupurezidhendi muchinoitika icho purezidhendi anopfuura, anotevedzerwa, kana kuti kumiswa panzvimbo. iri basa rebumbiro remitemo rinosimbisa ukoshi hweizvi nzvimbo mukati megadziriro yehurumende yehurumende.

Madhipatimendi 15 eCabibinet anofukidza mhatsa huru yemibato yehurumende, kubatanidza State, Treasurence, Defense, Justice, Interior, Agriculture, Labor, Health and Human Services, House Development, Energy, Education, Veterans Affairs, uye Homeland Security. Bazi rimwe nerimwe rine mabasa anokosha akawanda nehofisi zvinoita mabasa adzo ose munharaunda dzaro dzakakura.

Gadziriro Dzokuzvimirira

Mamwe masangano asingawiri mumapoka matatu okutanga anonzi masangano anozvimirira anozvimirira, ayo akafanana zvikuru namadhipatimendi eCabitten, asi maduku uye akaoma kunzwisisa zvikuru uye kazhinji kazhinji ane nzvimbo dzakatetepa dzomutoro kupfuura anoita madhipatimendi edare. mazhinjisa amasangano aya anodzorwa noudzori hwapurezidhendi uye anozvimirira bedzi mupfungwa yokuti haasi rutivi rwedhipatimendi, uye basa rawo guru harisati riri rokudzora, asi kuita mizhinjisa yemimwe mitoro yokutarisira.

Mienzaniso yamasangano anozvimirira anozvimirira anobatanidza Environmental Protection Agency (EPA), National Aeronautics and Space Administration (NASA), General Services Administration (GSA), uye Small Business Administration (SA). Masangano aya anoshanda nechisarudzo chakati mukushanda kwezuva nezuva rawo nepo anoramba achizvidavirira kupurezidhendi.

Gadziriro Dzokuzvimirira

Muhurumende yeUnited States, masangano anozvimirira aripo kunze kwemadhipatimendi makuru ehurumende (avo vanotungamirirwa nomunyori weCabinet) uye Hofisi Inotungamirira yaPurezidhendi, uye mupfungwa yakaganhurirwa, shoko racho rinonongedzera bedzi kumasangano iwayo anozvimirira ayo, nepo achirangarirwa kuva rutivi rwebazu guru, ane chiremera kana kuti kugadza mitemo uye anodzivirirwa kubva mukudzorwa kwapurezidhendi, kazhinji kazhinji nemhaka yokuti simba rapurezidhendi rokudzinga musoro wesangano kana kuti mutezo rakaganhurirwa.

Masangano makuru maviri anotarisira: masangano anotungamirira uye masangano anozvisarudzira, uye Purezidhendi anowanzodzora zvikuru masangano ehurumende kupfuura masangano anozvisarudzira.

Boka, kana kuti mutumbi unobatanidza mitezo iri pakati pe5 nenomwe, pane rumwe rutivi, rinowanzotungamirira masangano anozvimirira, purezidhendi achigadza dare kana kuti mitezo inogadzwa pasi pesimbiso yedare, uye mutezo mumwe nomumwe unobatira kwenguva yakaganhurirwa, iyo inowanzova makore mana, uye mashoko emitezo anosundwa kuti adzivise kutenderera chose chose panguva imwe chete.

Reduction Act yephephay inoronga masangano 19 anoronga "masangano anotsamira pakuzvimirira ezvemari", akadai seSayenzi neExchange Commission, Federal Reserve, Commoraty Family Trading Commission, Federal Deposit Inishuwation Corporation, uye Consumer Financial Protection Bureaument. Masangano aya anodzora masangano anotsoropodza mari uye kuzvimirira kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti zvisarudzo zvawo zvakavakirwa paunyanzvi nemitemo panzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Masangano Ehurumende

Masangano ehurumende anomiririra mabhizimisi akagadzirwa zvakasiyana - siyana anobatanidza mabasa ehurumende nemabasa anoitwa nevanhu vose.

United States Postal Service (USPS) zvichida isangano rinozivikanwa zvikuru rehurumende, richigovera mabasa okuendesa tsamba kukero iri yose munyika pasinei zvapo nemhindu. Amtrak, basa renyika rokutakura vanhu, muenzaniso wesangano rehurumende rinoshanda munharaunda umo makambani avanhu vamwe navamwe angasawana kuva anobudirira mune zvemari kupa basa rakazara.

Masangano ehurumende anochinja zvikuru mumabasa awo kupfuura masangano egamuchidzanwa, kubatanidza mano okubudisa mari, kutarisira bhajeti yawo amene, uye kuita zvisarudzo zvebhizimisi noutarisiri hushomanene hwehurumende.

Masimba Nemabasa Egadziriro Dzehurumende

Kunzwisisa masimba aya kunobatsira vagari vemo kuziva kuti masangano anochinja sei upenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva uye kuti vangabatanidzwa sei nemasangano aya.

Kutungamirira Vatongi

Masangano anodzora ane simba rokuita mitemo mukati moukuru hwechiremera chawo, kunzvera, uye kushandisa mitemo yaanoita nenzira inowirirana. Anogadzwa kupfurikidza nemirau yakaparadzana yakapiwa neCongress, mutezo mumwe nomumwe wechiremera unorondedzera nharidzano idzo sangano rinofanira kushanda kwadziri, pamwe chete nenzvimbo duku, kana ipi neipi, yaringava nesimba rokuita mitemo, uye iyi mitemo yesangano (kana kuti mirau), apo inogombedzerwa, ine simba romutemo womubatanidzwa.

Masangano aya ane simba rokuita mitemo inotapura upenyu hwezuva nezuva, yakadai semipimo yekotsekano yebasa nedziviriro dzemhoteredzo.Simba iri rokuita mutemo rinobvumira masangano kuvamba udzame, mirau younyanzvi inoshandisa mirau yakafara yemitemo yemitemo. Somuenzaniso, apo Dare rinopa mutemo unoda mipimo yemhepo yakachena, EPA rinogadza mitemo yakananga inogamuchirwa inoratidzira mwero yokushatisa, ganhuriro, uye miitiro yokuchengeta.

Gadziriro yokugadza mitemo inowanzobatanidza matanho anoverengeka akagadzirirwa kuva nechokwadi chokuona nokutora rutivi. Zvirongwa zvinofanira kubudisa mitemo inokarakadzwa, kugamuchira tsinhiro dzavose, kurangarira mhinduro, uye kubudisa mitemo yokupedzisira pamwe chete netsananguro dzezvisarudzo zvavo. Iyi nzira, inodzorwa neAdministrative Procediture Act, inobetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti mirau inosanorangarirwa uye inoita chimwe chinhu kunhau dzinovadziko.

Kumanikidza Nokutsigira

Masangano ane chiremera anoshanda anoita basa rinokosha mukushandisa mitemo yehurumende nemitemo kupfurikidza nokutanga mitemo, kusimbisa kuzviisa pasi, uye kutarisira mabasa akasiyana - siyana anoitwa nevoruzhinji.

Masangano anoshandisa zvishandiso zvakasiyana - siyana zvokutarisira kuputswa kwemitemo, kubatanidza zvirango zvevagari vemo, kurovererwa kwemhosva (kazhinji kazhinji mukutsinhirana neBato Rokururamisira), kubviswa kwerezenisi, uye zvibvumirano zvokubvumirana.

Kuregerera

Masangano makuru akawanda ane masimba emitemo, kureva kuti anogona kuitisa dare ndokuita zvisarudzo mugakava dzine chokuita nenharaunda dzawo dzechiremera. Iyi bvumirano dzokutonga dzinopedza rwisano pakati pehurumende namapoka avanhu kana kuti pakati pemasangano akasiana - siana ari mukati mesimba resangano.

Vatongi vemitemo (ALJs) vanowanzotungamirira nyaya idzi, dzinotevera nzira dzakagadzirirwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvinhu zvakarurama asi dzisinganyanyi kutongwa nedare. Zvikamu zvisingagutsikani nezvisarudzo zvesangano zvinogona kukwirira kumatare ehurumende, zvichipa kuzvidavirira kwokuwedzera.

Kutakura Vana Mubasa

Sangano rinotungamirira rutivi rwehurumende yehurumende yehurumende ine mutoro wokuita mabasa akati ehurumende nokushandisa mitemo, mirau, uye mitemo, uye aya masangano anoshanda pasi pechiremera chedhipatimendi uye anoitwa kuti atarisire mabasa akasiyana - siyana anoitwa nehurumende uye mabasa okutarisira.

Kupiwa basa kunomirira basa guru remasangano akawanda anotungamirira. Sangano reSangano reNzvimbo dzeNzvimbo dzeKuchengeteka uye kuremadza rinobatsira mamiriyoni evanhu vokuAmerica. Department of Veterans Affairs inopa utano uye mamwe mabasa kumasoja. Dare reInternal Revenue Service rinotora mitero nemabasa. Basa iri rinochinja zvakananga upenyu hwevagari vemo uye rinomiririra chiso chinooneka zvikurusa chehurumende yavanhu vakawanda.

Mashandiro Anoita Vatungamiriri Vehurumende Paruzhinji

Kunzwisisa mabasa aya kunogona kukubatsira kuwana zvinhu, kunzwisisa kodzero dzako, uye kuita basa rehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu nenzira inobudirira.

Kudzivirira Utano Hwevanhu Vose Nokuchengeteka

Masangano makuru akawanda anoshanda kudzivirira vaAmerica panjodzi dzoutano nekotsekano. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) inovimbisa kukotsekana kwezvokudya, mirimo, zvishandiso zvokurapa, uye zvizoro. Occational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) inogadza ndokusimbisa mipimo yekotsekano yebasa. National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTA) inodzora kuchengeteka kwemotokari uye inonzvera ushati.

Kana ukanwa mushonga unobvumirwa nachiremba, ukadya paresitorendi, kana kuti ukatyaira motokari, masangano anotarisira akagadzira uye akaisa mitemo yakagadzirirwa kuderedza ngozi uye kudzivirira utano hwako.

Kutarisira Zvinhu Zvakagadzirwa Nevanhu Nezvakatipoteredza

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) yakatanhamara zvikurusa yakatanhamara zvikuru yakanangidzira ngwariro padziviriro yemhoteredzo.The Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) ine mutoro wokudzora mitemo yemhoteredzo nokudzivirira utano hwavanhu. EPA inogadza mipimo nokuda kwomugariro wemhepo nemvura, inodzora kuraswa kwetsvina ine ngozi, uye inogombedzera mitemo yemhoteredzo.

Hurumende yeNyika dzinotarisira nyika dzepasi, kusanganisira nzvimbo dzokupotera dzemhuka. National Oceanic neAtmospheric Administration (NOA) inoona mamirire okunze, inoita zvokubata hove, uye mamiriro okunze. Masangano aya anodzikamisa zvinangwa zvokuchengetedza nokubudirira kweupfumi uye kuwanikwa kwevanhu kuzvinhu zvakasikwa.

Kuedza Kugadzikana Kwemari uye Kudzivirirwa Nevatengi

Masangano ane utungamiriri anoita mabasa anokosha pakuchengetedza mari uye kudzivirira vatengi pakubiridzira uye pamabasa asina kunaka.

Masangano aya anoshanda kuti achengetedze misika yakanaka, adzivise kubiridzira, uye anopa vatengi mashoko avanoda kuti vaite zvisarudzo zvavanoziva.

Kugovera Masangano Enzanga Nebetsero

Vanhu vakawanda vokuAmerica vanoshanda zvakananga nemasangano anotungamirira vanhu anobatsira uye anobatsira.

Department of Veterans Affairs inogovera kutarisira utano, betsero dzedzidzo, zvikwereti zvemisha, uye mamwe mabasa kunyanzvi dzehondo nemhuri dzadzo.

Kutarisira Kwekurumidziro Nemhinduro Yengwavaira

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA) inoronga kuita kwehurumende yehurumende kunjodzi dzomusikirwo nedzimwe njodzi. Apo madutu, mafashamo, mwoto unopisa, kana kuti dzimwe njodzi dzinorova, FEMA inogovera betsero yemari kuvanhu nenzanga, inobatanidza nhamburiko dzokuyamura, uye inobetsera nokunaya kwenguva refu.

FEMA inobatsirawo pakugadzirira njodzi, ichibatsira vanhu kuti varonge zvinhu zvinoda kugadziriswa uye kuti vagadzirise njodzi dzichaitika munguva yemberi.

Kutsigira Zvekufambisa uye Zvinhu Zvisina Kutsarukana

Department of Transportation (DOT) inotarisira zvifambiso zvenyika, zvinosanganisira migwagwa mikuru, njanji, ndege, uye zvokufambisa mugungwa. Masangano akasiyana - siyana ari muDOT anoisa mipimo yokuchengeteka, zvivako, uye anotarisira maindasitiri okufambisa.

Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) inodzora ndege uye inotarisira gadziriro dzokudzora ndege. Federal Highway Administration inogovera mari nokuda kwokuvaka nokutarisira migwagwa mikuru. Masangano aya anova nechokwadi chokuti vaAmerica vanogona kufamba zvakanaka uye zvakanaka vachigura nyika yacho.

Kuzvidavirira Nokutarisirwa Kwegadziriro Dzehurumende

Tichifunga nezvesimba guru rinoshandiswa nemasangano anotungamirira, kuzvidavirira kwakasimba kunokosha kuti pave nechokwadi chokuti anobatsira vanhu uye anoshanda mumiganhu yepamutemo.

Kutarisira Kunoitwa Nevarwi

Masangano anotungamirira anoita basa rinokosha mukuchengeta cheki nedzikamo kupfurikidza nokuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo inopfuudzwa neCongress inoitwa nenzira inobudirira, uye apo anoshanda pasi pechiremera chapurezidhendi, zviito zvawo zvinogona kuhwirudzurwa neDare kupfurikidza namatare anotarisira uye zvisarudzo zvokutsigira nemari.

Kutarisira kwakadai sokuongorora, kushuma zvinodiwa, uye kutongwa kwemasangano kunobatsira kuti masangano aya arambe achiwirirana nezvinodiwa nevanhu asi achingoabvumira kuti akwanise kuita mabasa awo.

Dare rinotungamirirawo kupfurikidza nesimba raro rechikwama. Zvirongwa zvinotsamira pamibatanidzwa yemari kuti zviwane mari, kupa Congress simba rinokosha rokupesvedzera nzvimbo nezviito zvesangano. Kana Congress ikasatendera zviito zvesangano, inogona kuderedza kutsigira mari, kuisa ganhuriro, kana kuti kunyange kubvisa mapurogiramu.

Kudzora KwaPurezidhendi

Masangano anotungamirira anoshanda achitungamirirwa napurezidhendi asi ane rusununguko runokosha mukushanda kwawo uye mumiitiro yokuita zvisarudzo. purezidhendi anopesvedzera masangano anotungamirira kupfurikidza namasangano anoverengeka, kubatanidza vakuru vakuru vamasangano, kuronga zvirango zvehurumende, uye kuronga bhajeti.

Zvisinei, nokuda kwamasangano anozvimirira anotungamirirwa nehurumende, kubviswa kunowanzoitwa madhipatimendi eCabitten nemasangano makurusa, kudzivirira masangano aya pakupindira mune zvematongerwe enyika.

Office of Management and Bactal (OMB), rutivi rweHofisi Inotungamirira yaPurezidhendi, inohwirudzura mirau yesangano nezvikumbiro zvemari yokushandisa, ichivimbisa tsinhirano nezvinokosha zvapurezidhendi. uyu muitiro wehwirudzuro wapakati unobetsera kutsinhiranisa zviito zvamasangano mukati mebazu makuru.

Kuhwirudzura Kutonga

Dare rinoongorora kana masangano akaita maererano nechiremera chawo, akatevera maitiro akakodzera, uye anoita zvisarudzo zvinotsigirwa nouchapupu uye kuongororwa.

Kuhwirudzura dare kunovimbisa kuti masangano anowirirana nomutemo uye anoremekedza kodzero dzebumbiro remitemo. Zvisinei, matare anowanzorega kudzorwa nenyanzvi dzemibato yenhau munharaunda yesangano rokupa ruzivo, achiziva kuti masangano ane zivo neruzivo izvo vatongi vangashaiwa.

Mahofisi Makuru Anoongorora

Masangano makuru mazhinjisa ane Hofisi yeInspector General (OIG) inonzvera nokunzvera zvakazvimirira kwemibato yesangano. Vanzveri vakuru vanonzvera unyengeri, tsvina, kushatisa, uye kusashandisa zvakanaka mumasangano avo. Vanoshuma zvakawanwa kuCongress uye kuvakuru vakuru vesangano, vachirumbidza zviito zvokururamisa.

Mahofisi aya anoshanda semakambani anorinda, achiziva zvinetso asati ava zvinonyadzisa zvikuru uye anobetsera masangano kuvandudza mabasa awo. Mishumo yeInspecter General inowanzoitwa pachena, ichigovera pachena pamusoro pokuitwa kwesangano.

Kutora Rutivi Rworuzhinji Nokuona Zvakajeka

Administrative Procedia Act inoda kuti masangano azivise vanhu nezvemirau inokarakadzwa uye agamuchire tsinhiro dzavose pamberi pokupedzisa mitemo. Iyi chiziviso negadziriro yekomupiyuta zvinobvumira vagari vemo, mabhizimisi, mapoka ezvokubhadharwa, uye vamwe vabhengi kupa mubatanidzwa pamirauro inokarakadzwa.

The Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) inopa vanhu kodzero yokukumbira zvinyorwa zvehurumende, ichisimudzira kuonana nokuzvidavirira. Nepo kuhesvura kwakati kuchidzivirira mashoko anotapurika, FOIA inogonesa vatori venhau, vatsvakurudzi, uye vagari vemo kunzvera zviito zvesangano ndokuwana zvinetso.

Vatungamiriri Vakuru Vanotarisira Nhungamiro Nemabasa Adzo

Kunzwisisa masangano makuru aya kunobatsira vagari vemo kuziva kwokutsvaka mashoko, mabasa, kana kuti kugadzirisa zvinovanetsa.

Environmental Protection Agency (EPA)

EPA, yakatangwa muna 1970, inodzivirira utano hwevanhu nemhoteredzo kupfurikidza nokusimbisa mitemo yakavakirwa pamitemo inopiwa neCongress. sangano racho rinodzora mhepo nemvura inoshatiswa, tsvina ine ngozi, mishonga inouraya zvipembenene, uye zvinhu zvine chepfu.

EPA inoitawo nzvero yemhoteredzo, inogovera zvipo kuhurumende nemunzvimbomo nokuda kwegadziriro dzemhoteredzo, uye inodzidzisa vanhu pamusoro penhau dzemhoteredzo.

Vanotarisira Chengeteko Yenzanga (SSA)

Anenge mushandi wose wokuAmerica anobhadhara mitero yeSocial Security nokubhadhara mitero uye anokodzera kubatsirwa kana munhu arega basa kana kuti akaremara.

Miitiro yeSSA inobetsera kushandirwa, inosarudza kuva anokwanisa, inowana betsero, uye inogovera mari. Inochengeta mapepa anotambira vashandi veAmerica uye inogovera zviverengero zvebetsero dzenguva yemberi. Nokuda kwavakarega basa vazhinji, Social Security inomirira manyuko makuru emari yavo.

Federal Emergency Management Agency (FEMA)

FEMA, rutivi rweBato reHomeland Security, inoronga mhinduro yengwavaira yehurumende nenhamburiko dzokunaya. apo nyika nezviwanikwa zvomunzvimbomo zvinokurirwa nengwavaira, FEMA inogovera betsero yemari, inoronga tsigiro yesangano rehurumende, uye inobetsera nzanga kuvakwazve.

FEMA inotungamirirawo National Inishuwarenzi Program yeMafashamo, inotsigira rovedzo yekurumidziro, uye inobetsera nzanga kutanga gadziriro dzengozi. Kubudirira kwesangano racho kunotapura zvakananga kuti nzanga dzinonaya nokukurumidza sei mungwavaira.

Department of Troads (DOT)

DOT inotarisira gadziriro dzezvifambiso zvenyika nekotsekano. Inobatanidza masangano akadai seFederal Aviation Administration (FAA), Federal Highway Administration (FHWA), National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA), uye Federal Railratoustry Administration (FRA).

Masangano aya anodzora kuchengeteka kwezvokufambisa, anopa mari yezvirongwa zvemarongerwo ezvirongwa, anotsvakurudza, uye anogadza mipimo yemotokari nezvifambiso. Basa reDOT rine chokuita nemafambire anoita vanhu vokuAmerica nokuda kwebasa, kuzorora, uye kutengeserana.

Department of Health and Human Services (HHHS)

HHS is the federal government's principal agency for protecting Americans' health and providing essential human services. It includes agencies like the Food and Drug Administration (FDA), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), National Institutes of Health (NIH), and Centers for Medicare & Medicaid Services (CMS).

HHS inoita nzvero yezvokurapa, inonzvera kupararira kwehosha, inodzora zvokudya nekotsekano yemirimo, inotungamirira gadziriro dzokurapa, uye inogovera betsero dzenzanga.

Department of dzidzo

Department of Education inoita kuti pave nepurogiramu yedzidzo yehurumende, inoita kuti pave nemari, uye inoita kuti pave nemitemo yedzidzo yehurumende.Inotarisira mapurogiramu akadai sezvikwereti zvevadzidzi vehurumende uye mari yezvipo, mari yedzidzo chaiyo, uye musoro Ndinotsigira mari yezvikoro zvinoshandira vadzidzi vakaderera.

Bhizimisi racho rinounganidza mashoko edzidzo, rinoita nzvero, uye rinopa nhungamiro kuzvikoro nemayunivhesiti.

Department of Veterans Affairs (VA)

Va inogovera tarisiro youtano, betsero, uye mabasa kuvakare vehondo nemhuri dzavo. Va inoshandisa gadziriro hurusa yezvoutano yakabatana munyika, ichibatira mamiriyoni avarwi muzvipatara napakiriniki munyika yose.

Kupfuura kutarisirwa kwoutano, vaVa vanopa muripo wehurema, betsero dzedzidzo (kubatanidza Gi Bill), vimbiso dzepamusha, uye mapurogiramu einishuwarenzi. Va inotarisirawo makuva enyika yose uye inopa betsero dzokuviga. Nokuda kwavakaremara, vaVa vanomirira musengwa wehurumende kuna avo vaibatira muchiuto.

Basa Rokuwana Mari (IRS)

IRS, rutivi rweBato reTreasurence, inounganidza mitero yehurumende uye inosungisa mitemo yemitero. Anenge muAmerica ari wose anobatira pamwe neIRS pakuronga kudzorwa kwomutero kwegore negore. sangano racho rinoita dzokororo yemitero, nhau dzinodzorwa, mufambiro unonzvera, uye anoronda vadzivisi vemitero.

Mari yemitero inounganidzwa neIRS inodokuva mabasa ose ehurumende yehurumende, ichiita kuti sangano racho rive rinokosha kumabasa ehurumende. IRS inotarisirawo zvikwereti zvemitero uye mamwe mapurogiramu anogovera betsero yemari kumhuri dzinowana mari shoma.

Zvinetso Zvinotarisana Nezvirongwa Zvehurumende

Kunzwisisa zvinetso izvi kunobatsira kuti masangano ashande uye kuti pave nenharo dzinoramba dzichiitwa pamusoro pokuchinja kwehurumende.

Kudzikamisa Kuzvimirira Nokuzvidavirira

Kudzikamisa kuzvimirira kwemasangano anotungamirira nokuzvidavirira kwawo kunokosha nokuda kwokudzora kunobudirira, uye nepo masangano achida kuzvitonga kuti ashande zvakanaka uye akurumidze kuita chimwe chinhu kunhau dzinomuka, kuzvimirira uku dzimwe nguva kunogona kutungamirira kuitiro hanya pamusoro pokusava nokuzvidavirira.

Masangano anoda kuzvimirira kwakakwana kuita zvisarudzo zvakavakirwa paunyanzvi nemirairo yapamutemo panzvimbo pedzvinyiriro yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Mazano Okushandisa Mari

Masangano akawanda anotarisana neganhuriro dzemari dzinoganhurira mano awo okuita mabasa awo. Mari shomanene inogona kutungamirira kukuperevedza kwavashandi, ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu rwechinyakare, mabasa anononozeka, uye mibato yokuchengeta. apo masangano asingagoni kuita zvakakwana mabasa awo, utano hwavanhu, chengeteko, uye garikano zvingatambura.

Kushandira nyanzvi dzemazano okushandisa mari kunonetsawo masangano uye kukwanisa kukwezva vashandi vane unyanzvi.

Kuchinjira Kuchinjo Yesayenzi

Kufambira mberi kwokugadzira zvinhu nokukurumidza kunoparira denho nokuda kwamasangano anoshanda negadziriro dzokudzora nokudzivirira nzanga. Unyanzvi hutsva hunowanzovapo nokukurumidza kupfuura zvinogona kuitwa namasangano.

Zvirongwa zvinorwisawo kunzvera mabasa azvo zvimene negadziriro dzemichina yokugadzira mashoko. Gadziriro dzenhaka dzinogona kuva dzisina maturo, dzisina kuchengeteka, uye dzakaoma kuchengeta. Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runoda mari huru nounyanzvi izvo masangano angashaiwa.

Kuchinja Zvematongerwe Enyika

Kuwedzera kwehumwe hwezvematongerwe enyika kunotapura masangano anotungamirira munzira dzakawanda. Zvirongwa zvinogona kubatwa muhondo dzinorwisa, namabato ezvematongerwe enyika akasiyana - siyana anosimudzira nzira dzakasiyana- siyana zvikuru dzokuita nadzo mibato yemitemo nehurumende. Kuchinja kwokutungamirira kunotevera sarudzo kunogona kutungamirira kutsika, zvichiita kuti zviome kuti masangano aronde zvirongwa zvenguva refu zvisingachinji.

Kujekeswa kunotapurawo kutarisira kwesangano, nemibato yokutarisira pane dzimwe nguva ichisundwa nokurangarira kunonyandurwa zvikuru nokusarangarira kwechikamu kupfuura kuitira hanya kwechokwadi pamusoro pokuitwa kwesangano.

Kubatwa Kwoutungamiriri

Kubata kwoudzori kunoitika apo masangano anova anodzorwa nemaindasitiri aanodzora, kuchitungamirira kumirau inotsigira basa reindasitiri panzvimbo pefariro dzavose.Izvozvi zvinogona kuitika kupfurikidza namasangano akasiyana - siyana, kubatanidza pesvedzero yemaindasitiri pamakambani, suo rinochinja pakati peindasitiri nehurumende, uye kutsamira pamasangano paunyanzvi hwemaindasitiri.

Kudzivisa kubatwazve kwegadziriro kunoda utariri hwokungwarira, manyuko akasiyana - siyana ounyanzvi, uye mipimo yetsika yakasimba. Kutora rutivi kwokuona mativi azvo nokutonga kwavanhu kunobetserawo kuva nechokwadi chokuti zvisarudzo zvesangano zvinoratidzira fariro dzavose huru panzvimbo peitiro hanya dzakaganhurirwa dzeindasitiri.

Nzira Yokupindirana Nayo Negadziriro Dzine Simba

Kunzwisisa kuti ungabudirira sei kushandira pamwe nemasangano anotungamirira kunoita kuti vagari vemo vakwanise kuita mabasa, kuvatsigira, uye kuita basa rehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu.

Masangano uye mashoko okuwana

Masangano akawanda ane mawebsite anonyatsobudisa mashoko emapurogiramu awo, mabasa uye mitemo.Idzi website dzinowanzotaura mashoko anenge achitaura, kubvunza mibvunzo, mafomu okunyorera, uye magwaro okutungamirira.

Nokuda kwamasangano chaiwo akadai sebetsero dzeSocial Security kana kuti betsero dzenyanzvi, masangano anowanzova namahofisi omunzvimbomo apo unogona kusangana navamiriri vari voga. Kuronga pachine nguva mberi kunogona kuderedza nguva dzokumirira ndokukuvimbisa kuva negwaro riri madikanwa.

Kutora Rutivi Mukuita Rudzi

Munhu upi noupi anogona kupa tsinhiro pamitemo inokarakadzwa, uye masangano anodikanirwa kurangarira tsinhiro dzose dzinogamuchirwa. Tsinhiro dzinofungwa, dzinofungwa dzinogona kupesvedzera mirau yokupedzisira.

Social Sformation.gov inopa chikuva chapakati chokuona nacho mitemo inokarakadzwa uye kupindura. Unogona kutsvaka mitemo kupfurikidza nesangano, musoro, kana kuti shoko rimwe chete, uye kupa tsinhiro pakombiyuta. Kubatanidzwa mukuisa mitemo kunokubatsira kuva nenzwi rakananga mukutangwa kwemiraudzo.

Kunyunyuta Kwokudanidzira Nokupopotedzana

Somuenzaniso, unogona kushuma kuputswa kwechengeteko yebasa kuOSHA, kuputswa kwemhoteredzo kuEPA, kana kuti kubiridzirwa kwevatengi kuFTC.

Kunyange zvazvo masangano asingagoni kupedza nguva dzose kukakavadzana kwevamwe, kushuma kuputswa kunobatsira masangano kuziva nzira uye zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakutarisira kuti zvinhu zvitevedzerwe.

Kukumbira Mashoko Mujira reFOIA

Freedom of Information Act inokupa kodzero yokukumbira marekodhi kubva kumasangano ehurumende. FOIA zvikumbiro zvinogona kushandiswa kuwana mashoko pamusoro pemibato yesangano, zvisarudzo, uye mibato. Sangano rimwe nerimwe rine hofisi yeFOIA iyo inoita zvikumbiro.

Nepo masangano achifanira kupindura zvikumbiro zveFOIA, kuhesvurwa kwakati kunodzivirira mashoko anokosha akadai sezvakavanzika zvochengeteko zvorudzi, zvakavanzika zvomunhu oga, uye mashoko ebhizimisi akavanzika.

Vamiriri Vanoreverwa Vane Ushamwari

Kana une funganyo pamusoro pezviito zvesangano kana kuti kuda betsero dzesangano rokufambisa, kuona vamiriri vako vesangano reko kunogona kuva kunobudirira. Mahofisi eCongregation kazhinji kazhinji ane vashandi vakatsaurirwa kubetsera vamiriri nenhau dzesangano rehurumende.

Vamiririri vanogona kubvunza panzvimbo yako, kukumbira mashoko, uye pane dzimwe nguva kubetsera kupedza zvinetso.

Nguva Yemberi Yegadziriro Dzine Chiremera

Masangano ane simba achapfuurira kuchinja achipindura kuchinja zvinodiwa nenzanga, kufambira mberi kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, uye zvinhu zvematongerwe enyika.

Kuchinja kwezvidhina

Masangano ari kuwedzera kushandisa ruzivo rwemichina kuti agadziridze kufambiswa kwebasa uye kushanda zvakanaka. Maodha anobvumira vagari vemo kuti vanyorese nokuda kwemigumisiro yakanaka, mishumo yemafaira, uye mashoko okuwana pasina kushanyira mahofisi. Ungwaru uye kugadzira zvinhu zvinogona kudirana uye kusunungura vashandi pamabasa akaoma zvikuru.

Zvisinei, kuchinja makombiyuta kunokonzerawo matambudziko panyaya yokusazvidzora kwemakombiyuta, kuvhara mashoko ezvirongwa zvemakombiyuta, uye kuvanza zvinhu zvepakombiyuta.

Kuitwa Kwemitemo Inotsigirwa Nouchapupu

Makambani ari kuisa mari mukuunganidzwa kwemashoko uye kuongororwa kwemashandiro anoitwa zvinhu zviri kutowedzera kusimbiswa pakushandisa mashoko nouchapupu kuti azivise zvinenge zvichibatsira uye zvisati zvichibatsira.

Kuongorora kwakavakirwa pauchapupu kunogona kuvandudza migumisiro uye kuwedzera chivimbo chevanhu pazvisarudzo zvemasangano.

Kudzora Kune Unyanzvi

Kubatana uku kunogona kuita kuti pave nounyanzvi hwakasiyana - siyana uye zvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana kuti kugadzirise zvinetso zvakaoma izvo pasina sangano rimwe chete rinogona kugadzirisa.

Kuda kuvandudza kunoda kuti masangano ave nounyanzvi hutsva mukutarisira mubatanidzwa uye kugoverana simba nechiremera chokuita zvisarudzo. Kana zvikaitwa zvakanaka, kushandira pamwe kunogona kuita kuti pave nezvigadzikiso zvitsva uye zvinobudirira.

Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Okunze uye Kunochengetedza

Masangano ezvemhoteredzo anofanira kugadzirisa kubudiswa kwegasi rinopisa uye kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze. Masangano ezvokufambisa anofanira kuronga kuti zvinhu zvive nenzvimbo yazvo yakasimba.

Kurangarira mamiriro okunze mumabasa esangano kuchada unyanzvi hutsva, maturusi, uye mitoo. Zvirongwa zvichada kudzikamisa zvinodikanwa zvenguva pfupi nenharidzano dzinoshanda kwenguva refu.

mhedziso

Masangano anotungamirira anomiririra chikamu chinokosha chehurumende yeAmerica, achishandura mitemo inoita kuti pave nezviito zvinonyatsodzivirira utano hwevanhu uye kuchengeteka, zvinobatsira vanhu kuita mabasa anokosha, zvinotarisira zvinhu zvakasikwa, uye zvinodzora basa remari.

Kunyange zvazvo masangano achitarisana nezvinetso zvikuru, kusanganisira kumanikidzwa kuwana mari, zvematongerwo enyika, uye kudiwa kwokuchinjira kuchinjo inokurumidza, anoramba ari madikanwa kukudzora kwazvino uno.

Sezvo chaunga chinopfuurira kuchinja, masangano anotungamirira achada kuchinja kusvika kwawo achichengeta mabasa awo makuru okubatira fariro yavose. Kupfurikidza nokuramba achiziviswa pamusoro pemibato yesangano uye kutora rutivi mumiitiro yokutarisira nokuita mitemo, vagari vemo vanogona kubetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti aya masangano ane simba anoramba achizvidavirira uye achigamuchira zvinodikanwa zvavose.

Nokuda kwamashoko akawanda pamusoro pamasangano ehurumende akati namabasa awo, shanyira .gov's Federal AProtionations Directory, iyo inogovera mashoko akazara nehekinyo nokuda kwamasangano ose ehurumende. Unogonawo kunzvera [ Regames.gov[ kutora rutivi mumuitiro wokugadzira mitemo ndokuita kuti inzwi rako rinzwiwe pamiraurongwa yehurumende inokarakadzwa.