Kuoneka kwokushandiswa kwavanhu ikokusi kwokutonga kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Apo vagari vanogona kuona zvakajeka kuti mari yavo yemitero inounganidzwa sei, inogoverwa, uye inopedzerwa, kuvimba namasangano avose zvinosimbisa uye ngozi youori inoderera. Uyezve, kuvhura mashoko anogonesa kurukurirano yavose yavanhu vakaziva, kunobvumira nzanga kuti ichengetedze vatungamiriri, uye kunobetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti pfuma yavose inoiswa kuzvinodikanwa zvechibharo zvechokwadi, zvikoro, matura, uye mambure okuchengetera. Munyika umo mari inowanzopfuudza mazana emabhiriyoni emadhora, mano okutsvaka kutengeserana kubva kupfurikidza neapombidzo kuti ive muuyo chete muteve muitiro wakanaka.

Iyi nhungamiro yakakudzwa inonzvera ukoshi hwokuona zviri pachena mukushandisa mari yavose, nheyo dzinoitsigira, denho dzinopfuurira kukuwana, uye zvirongwa zvakabvumikiswa (hwunodzorwa nemienzaniso chaiyoiyo yenyika) zvokuti hurumende navagari vemo vanogona kugamuchira kuti vaite mhoteredzo yakazaruka zvikuru, inozvidavirira.

Kukosha Kwokuva Akadzikama Pakushandisa Mari

Kuona mari inoshandiswa navanhu kunoshanda mabasa anoverengeka anokosha munzanga inosarudzwa navanhu. Kunobvumira vagari vemo kunzwisisa kuti madhora avo omutero ari kushandiswa sei, kusimudzira kuzvidavirira pakati pavakuru vakuru vehurumende, uye kunobetsera kudzivisa uori nokusashandiswa zvakanaka kwemari. Apo magwaro emari yokushandisa, mapepa okuwana, uye mishumo yokuongorora zvinoitwa zvinowanikwa zvinowanika pachena mumafomu anowanika, hurumende inozvizarura imene kuti inzverwe navatori venhau, vanzveri, uye vagari vemowo zvavo.

  • Kuvimba navanhu vose muhurumende: zviratidzo zvokuti zviremera hazvina chinhu chokuvanza, kuvaka chivimbo chokuti mari yavose iri kupedzwa nokuchenjera.
  • [[FLT: 0] vanhu vanonzwisisa mari inorongwa kuti ishandiswe vanowanzopinda mukubvunza vanhu, kuvhota musarudzo dzomunzvimbomo, uye kutsigira zvavanoisa pakutanga.
  • Inoderedza mikana youori: Painenge ichioneka uye ichiongororwa, kubhadhara zvisizvo uye zvibvumirano zvinopfuudza zvinova zvakaoma kuvanza.
  • Inonzvera migove yezvisakiso: mashoko anooneka anobvumira vagadziri vemitemo, vaongorori, uye vanhu kuziva marara nemari yechaiomcrate kupurogiramu dzinopa miuyo.

Siana pakati pekuona nokuderera kwouori rinosanyorwa. Mukuwirirana ne Tractive Uorist Perceptions Index, nyika dzine mwero yakakwirira yebhajeti yokuona zviri nani nguva dzose dzinoderera pauori hunoonekwa. Somuenzaniso, marudzi anotora rutivi mu Vharedification []

Nheyo Huru Dzokuona Nenzira Yakajeka

Kuti uwane kuoneka kunobudirira mukushandisa mari yavose, nheyo dzinokosha dzakati dzinofanira kuteererwa. idzi nheyo dzinotungamirira kukura nokushandiswa kwemitemo yemari inopenya uye dzinotsigirwa zvikuru namasangano enyika dzakawanda akadai seInternational Monetary Fund (IMF) neWorld Bank.

  • Kujeka: mashoko emari anofanira kupiwa nomutoo wakajeka uye unonzwisisika. Chidhindo chemitsetse, zvinhu zvisina kujeka, uye masutudi akapinza anoparadza vanhu.
  • Mashoko anofanira kuva anowanika nyore kuruzhinji pasina mhinganidzo dzisina kufanira. Kureva kubudisa paIndaneti pakavhurwa, mafonethi emichina (CSV, JSON, XML) pamwe chete nomuchimiro chakadhindwa chenzanga dzisina kuwanikwa paInternet.
  • Nguva: [ Nhengo dzemari dzinofanira kubudiswa nguva dzose uye nokukurumidza kuchengeta vagari vemo vachiziviswa. Nguva chaiyoiyo kana kuti iri pedyo nokushuma (yakadai sevacheri vezvitsama zvemari zvezuva nezuva) ifariro; pachiduku-duku, kugadziridza kwomwedzi nomwedzi kana kuti chikamu chimwe muzvina kunokosha.
  • Kupa mashoko emari: Mashoko ose anokosha emari anofanira kubatanidzwa kugovera mufananidzo wakazara wemari inoshandiswa navanhu vose. Ikoku kunoreva kufukidza kwete bedzi bhajeti yehurumende yapakati asiwo mari dzemitengo yomuraudzo yomuraudzo, mabhizimisi akanyoreswa nehurumende, ndyiko dzemitero, uye mari dzehurumende dzomunzvimbomo.

Dzimwe nheyo dzinozivikanwa ne IMF Fiscal Transparency Code inobatanidza kuvhura kwengozi yepabonde (imo, kuvhota, kusawirirana kwavose) uye utariri hwokuzvimirira. Chirongwa chikurusa chokunzvera nokunzvera. Chinosarudzwa chakadai seHofisi yeMasande yeMasande yeHurumende yeU.S. kana kuti South African Accountingor-General(*) inoumba basa rakakomba kuongorora mari inoshumwa kuti iwirirane nendyiko chaiyo.

Zvinetso Zvokuita Kuti Mari Ive Yakanaka

Pasinei zvapo nokukosha kwokuona, zvinetso zvinoverengeka zvinogona kudzivisa kushanda kwahwo.

  • Kudzivisa kwehurumende: Vamiriri vehurumende vangadzivisa zviito zvokuona napo nemhaka yokutya kunzverwa, kurasikirwa nokudzora, kana kuti basa rokuwedzera rinobatanidzwa mukugadzirira mashoko akazaruka. Institual inértia uye tsika yokuvanza zvinogona kuva zvakadzika midzi.
  • Kupeta-pfuurwa kwemashoko: Mashoko emari anogona kuva akaoma uye akaomera mugariwo zvake kunzwisisa. Mapepa ebhajeti anowanzova namazana amapeji, akazadzwa nemitemo yeakaundi negadziriro dzounyanzvi. Pasina kunyorwa, kujeka, uye mashoko akajeka, kunyange mashoko akazaruka zvikurusa anoramba asingasvikiki.
  • Unyanzvi husingasviki: Kushaikwa kwegadziriro dzemichina yemichina kungadzivisa kuparadzirwa kwamashoko. Nyika zhinji dzichiri kubudirira dzichichiri kutsamira pamasangano akavakirwa papepa kana kuti mapepa akakamurwa adzokerwa nenhaka ayo asingagoni kuiswa nyore nyore mumasuo avose. Kuiswa mari mumiitiro yemashoko azvino uno okutarisira mari (FMIS) chinodikanwa kuti dzionekwe.
  • Fariro dzezvamatongerwe enyika: sundo dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzingatungamirira kukujeka kwakasarudzwa, uko mashoko akanaka bedzi anogoverwa apo mashoko akanaka anotapurwa kana kuti anokwenudza anganyimwa. Hurumende dzinganonokawo kubudisa chinyorwa kudzivisa kuzvidavirira pamberi pesarudzo.
  • Kuverenga nokunyora uye kuisa mikana yokuvimbisana muhurumende: Kunyange panenge pabudiswa mashoko, vagari vemo vangashaya unyanzvi kana kuti chido chokuaongorora. Pasina masangano enzanga, zvinobudisa nhau, uye mapoka evana vanoona kuti vadudzira uye vanoshandisa mashoko acho, kujeka chete hakuvimbisi kuti vachazvidavirira.
  • Nhaka dzekubudisa nokuchengeteka: Mashoko ano udzame okushandisa anogona kurwisana nokuva voga (sezvinei, mashoko omubhadharo wevashandi voruzhinji) kana kuti chengeteko yenyika (zvikuru, kutora mari yokuzvidzivirira). Kudzikamisa kujeka nokuvanza pamutemo idzvinyiriro inopfuurira.

Maturusi Okushandisa Kuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu rwazova chishandisi chikuru chokujeka kwemabhazi, ruchiita kuti zvive nyore kuunganidza, kubudisa, uye kuongorora mashoko okushandisa pamwero mumwero. Hurumende kupota nyika yose dziri kutanga zvishandiso zvitsva kuti dziende kupfuura maPDF akabatana kunzvimbo dzinoshanda, dzinokurukura.

Kuvhura Mazita Nemabhodhingi

Masuo akavhurwa enhau muBrazil akadai se ASV.gov muUnited States, Portal da Transparência uye [FLT] nhano dzokuvhura Dhiv wanga uchigura Europe, rega vagari vemo kusecha, uye kukopa mapepa ane udzame ezvibvumirano zvehurumende, anopa, uye mibhadharo. Izvi zvinowanzovakwa pamipanyuko dzakazarwa kugona kugadzirirwa nedzimwe hurumende.

Bhiza Rokutsvaka

Ruzivo rweblockchain runogovera mutengi anochinja anogona kunyora bhizimisi riri rose munguva chaiyoiyo. Nepo achiri mukugamuchirwa kwapakuvamba nokuda kwemari yehurumende, zvirongwa zvendege munyika dzakadai seGeorgia neSierra Leone zvakashandisa brickchain kutevera yamuro kubvisa nokuwana purofiti yavose. Rudzi rwemichina yebhurokachain runoita kuti kuve kwakaoma zvikuru kuchinja marekodhi anoshanda, uko kunodzivisa kubiridzira.

Uchenjeri Hunogadzirwa uye Kufora Kwomutauro

Zvishandiso zveai zvinokwanisa kunzvera zviuru zvezvinyorwa zvokutenga uye mitsetse yemari yokushandisa kutumira mari yakakwirira neyakadai semitengo yakakwirira yechienzi, zvibvumirano zvenzvimbo imwe, kana kuti mibhadharo kuvatengesi vanobhura. Kugadzirwa kwomutauro weNLP wokuberekwa nawo kunogonawo kuchinja nhauro dzebhajeti dzakaoma kunzwisisa kuva pfupiso dzomutauro wakajeka, kuchiita kuti dzive dzinosvikika kuvasiri nyanzvi.

Mugari Wemo Anopa Zvinetso Zvokudya Nezvokushandisa Mari

Kubatanidzwa kwemari yokushandisa (PB) kunobvumira vagari vemo kusarudza zvakananga nzira yokushandisa nayo chikamu chemari yavose. Maguta akadai seNew York, Paris, uye Porto Alegre akashandisa PB kugovera mamiriyoni amadhora, nezvikuva zvepaIndaneti zvinobvumira vagari vemo kuronga, kukurukura, uye kuvhota pamabasa. PB haisati ichingowedzera bedzi kuva pachena asiwo inovaka chivimbo chevanhu uye inovimbisa kuti kudyira kunoratidzira zvinhu zvenzanga.

Kuongorora Zvirwere Zvokutanga Kuona Mavanga Akanaka

Kuongorora uku kunoratidza kubatsira kunoita kuomesa mari kunoitwa nevanhu vakawanda.

  • [[FLT: 0] New Zealand: inoziviswa nokuda kwezvirongwa zvayo zvehurumende yapachena, New Zealand inogovera mashoko makuru emari kuvanhu. Muitiro wayo wemari yeHlamu yeZVHID. inogovera mashoko ane udzame, kusvika kumugumo pamitengo yose yehurumende. Nyika yacho inomira pamwero nguva dzose pedyo nepamusoro peVendi yokuoda kujeka.
  • Brazil: [Porral da Transparência" inobvumira vagari vemo kuronda mari inopedzwa nehurumende munguva chaiyoiyo, kubatanidza udzame hwemibhadharo yavashandi voruzhinji, zvibvumirano zvokuwana, uye mibhadharo yebetsero. Kutangwa muna 2004, pachiteshi chengarava chakarumbidzwa nokuderedza ushati pamwero wehurumende uye chakanyandura masuo akafanana munyika dzakawanda.
  • United States: Website yeUSASpending.gov inopawo kujeka mukushandisa mari kwehurumende, ichigonesa vagari vemo kuona kuti mashandiro anoshandiswa sei madhora omutero. Yakaitwa neDATA Act ya2014, zvino inopfuura 90% yamasangano ehurumende anoshuma mashoko avo anopedza mugadziriro yakarongwa, yakarongwa muchina. Nzvimbo inobatanidzawo udzame hwemitero yemari, kuchiita kuti kubvire kuona chibvumirano chiri chose kusvikira ku $1 yokupedzisira.
  • South Korea: Hurumende yakaita kujeka kwemichina, ichigovera vagari vemo kupfurikidza nokushandisa mari nyore nyore kumashoko epaIndaneti kupfurikidza ne Open Government Portal[[[FL:3]. Sayenzi yeSouth Korea inoshandisa nzira dzose dzemhindu dzemari nedzinongedzero dzemari dzechitsaru chavanhu vose nedzemipimo yadzo dzinovawanwa nokuwana nokuwana mashoko kuti vaone kusawirirana kwefariro.
  • Kenya: [[FT:2] [FMIS] Igadziriro youkuru hwemari yemari (IFMIS) yakashandiswa kubudisa mashoko okushandisa mari yakashandiswa paIndaneti. Kunyange zvazvo mibato yapakuvamba yakatarisana nedenho, chinjo dzinopfuurira dzakavandudza nguva yemibatanidzwa uye dzakabvumira vagari vemo nehurumende dzeruwa kunzvera zvinobudirira zvikuru.

Kuyera Mavara: Kuratidza Nemabhii

Kuti unzwisise kana nhamburiko dzokuona nameso dziri kushanda, kunokosha kudziyera uchishandisa zvinangwa, zvakaenzana munyika dzakawanda.

Vharai Open Through Survey (OBS)

Yakaitwa makore maviri oga oga neInternational Ban Bacterpanerip (IBP), OBS inonzvera nyika namativi matatu: kujeka (mashoko akawanda ebhajeti anowanika pachena), kutora rutivi kwavose (mikana yokuti vagari vemo vapinde mumiitiro yemari yokushandisa mari), uye kutarisira bhajeti (simba remasangano emitemo neokuongorora). Nzvero yazvino uno inofukidza nyika dzinopfuura 120 uye inopa chiratidzo chakajeka chekuvandudza.

Vhara Mazita uye Indekisi Yemashoko Yakavhurika Pasi Rose

Sangano reWorld Wide Web Foundation’s Open Data Barometer rinoongorora kuti mashoko aripo, anoshandiswa sei, uye anobudiswa sei nehurumende.

Zvinoratidza Uori Hwenyika Yose Zvakajeka

Kunyange zvazvo isinganangidziri pakushandisa mari bedzi, CPI inobatana zvakasimba nokuona mari yakawanda.Nyika dzinovandudza kuoneka kwadzo dzinowanzoona kuvandudzika muuori hwadzo nokufamba kwenguva, ichisimbisa chibvumikiso chokuti kutaura pachena chishandiso chinobudirira chinodzivisa uori.

Kuongorora Kuona Kana Kurerutsa Kwakadzika Mitemo (FTE)

Zviitiko zveIMF nokuda kwenyika dziri mitezo, zvichigovera kurangarirwa kune udzame kwokushuma kwavo kwemari, kufanofungidzira nokuronga mari, uye kunzverwa kwengozi. Uku kurangarira kunobatanidza rumbidzo dzinoshanda idzo hurumende dzinogona kugamuchira kuvhara mikana yokuona.

Basa Renzanga Yehurumende Nevanobudisa Nhau Mukusimudzira Kuona Zvinhu Nenzira Yakasiyana - siyana

Masangano enzanga yavagari vemo uye zvinobudisa nhau zvakazvimirira zvinoita basa rinokosha mukutsigira kuoneka kwemari inoshandiswa nevanhu.

  • Kudzosa mari inoshandiswa nehurumende: Mapoka anorinda seProject Governmentability (U) kana kuti Social Justice Coalition (South Africa) anoronda ndyiko dzavose uye anoshuma misiano yokunzvera masangano namapepanhau.
  • Kureresa kuziva vanhu: NGOS dzinogona kudzidzisa vagari vemo pamusoro pamaruramiro avo okuwana mashoko, kuitisa zvitoro zvokurovedza dzidzo yemari, uye kufambisa nhimbe kudonongodza mashoko.
  • Kutsigira chinjo dzemiitiro: Nhamba dzemasangano enzanga yevagari vemo dzinogona kupesvedzera nokuda kwemitemo yokuti kujeka kwemifungo, zvakadai seTsomero kuMabasa, kuwana murairo wokuzivisa, uye zvinodikanwa zvokuzvimirira.
  • Kukurukurirana kunoisa: kurukurirano pakati pavakuru vakuru vehurumende namapoka evagari vemo] somuenzaniso, kupfurikidza nokunzwa kwemari, horo dzetaundi, kana kuti kubvunza zvikuva zvepaIndaneti ($foster kuvimba nokushandira pamwe apo kunenge kuri kuva nechokwadi chokuti kupedza kunowirirana nezvinodikanwa zvavose.
  • Chinyorwa chenhau chinochinja: Vatori venhau vemibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa vanoshandisa mapepa okushandisa kushambadza uori hwehurumende, kusakwanisa, kana kuti kusashandisa zvakanaka. Kushuma kwavo kunogona kunyandura kunzvera kwapamutemo ndokutungamirira kugadziridzo dzemitemo. Mienzaniso isingacherechedzwi inobatanidza International Consortum of Investigative Minyuzies (IIGI) Panama ne Pandora Papers kunzvera, uko kwakafumura translate divings directive rezvetion yemariauves dzinobatanidzwa navakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende.

Miitiro Yenguva Yemberi Mukuona Zvakanaka

Zvinhu zvakawanda zviri kutoitika zvinovimbisa kuti zvichaita kuti vanhu vawedzere kusununguka uye vazvidavirire mumakore ari mberi.

Mabhodhi Anoshanda Panguva Chaiyo

Fambiro mberi mumasangano okutarisira mari zvino dzinobvumira hurumende kubudisa mashoko anopedza mukati memaawa kana kuti kunyange maminiti okutenga. Mabhodhi chaiwoiwo enguva achiva anozivikanwa munyika dzinopayona, kuchigonesa vagari vemo kuona kuti imarii chaiyo yakashandiswa pabasa romugwagwa nhasi zvichipesana nezvakanga zvarongwa nokuda kwomwedzi wacho.

Mipimo Yezvishandiso zvemichina Inofundwa uye Inotsinhirana

Kugamuchirwa kwemipimo yemipimo yemipimo yemadata inozivikanwa navose [1] Servetume Standard[[FLT]] muUS kana kuti IMF]S iDiscinetic Data Spective Servement (STDDS) `Imipinduro yokuti mashoko anobva kumasangano akasiyana- siyana nenyika anogona kubatanidzwa uye kuenzaniswa. Uku kushanda kunokosha nokuda kwezvirongwa zvekubudirira neuorivhiri hwepasi.

Mabhajeti Omunyika uye Kufungidzirawo

Hurumende dzakawanda dziri kubudisa "mari yakagadzirwa"", shanduro dzine mifananidzo dzegwaro rakazara rebhajeti — idzo dzinoshandisa mashoko, matafura ari nyore, uye mutauro wakapfava. Padzinobatanidzwa nezvishandiso zvokutaurirana izvo zvinobvumira vashandisi kugadziridza kupedza nguva yokutanga kana kuti kuchinja mitero, izvi zvinhu zvinochinja kushandisa zvinhu zvokusashanda kuva kuvimbisana kwokushingaira.

Uchenjeri Hunogadzirwa Kuti Uwane Zvisingashandi

Maarukirati eAI anoshandiswa zvikuru kuyera mapepa okunyorera mashandisirwo emichina yemiitiro yemasero, masero ezvitsikiso, kana kuti maburi. Zvingwa zvakapinza zveauto zvinogona kutumirwa kumitumbi inodzora nokuda kwokuvandudzwa nokukurumidza. Sezvo mifananidzo yemichina inovandudzika, mano okuziva nokudzivisa uori munguva chaiyo achava nesimba zvikuru.

Mari Inodzivirira Kubatsira Nemamiriro Okunze

Ruyamuro rwamarudzi ose uye kufamba kwemari yezvemamiriro okunze zvinosanganisira vatambi vakawanda(vatambi, hurumende, NGO, mashopu okuvaka) kuiita kuti vave pangozi yokudonha. Mabutiro akavakirwa paBlockchain anogona kupa mupiro usingachinji kubva kumupi kusvikira kumupi wokupedzisira, achivimbisa kuti mari inosvika pakushandiswa kwayo. Vatyairi veUnited Nations Development Programme neWorld Bank vari kutsvaka nzira iyi.

mhedziso

Kuona shavo yavose kunokosha nokuda kwokuva nechokwadi chemutoro wemari uye kuvaka chivimbo pakati pehurumende navagari vemo. Kupfurikidza nokugamuchira nheyo dzinokosha(whapyright, upyring, ungwaru, ungwaru, kunzwisiswa(uye kupfurikidza nokushandisa ruzivo rwazvino uno, hurumende dzinogona kuita kuti kudzorwa kwemari yakarongwa kuve pachena zvirokwazvo uye kunoshanda. Kukurira kugadziridza kugadziridza kurava mashoko, uye kukurukura itiro dzakavanzika dzemunhu oga kunoramba kuri denho huru, asi ufakazi hunoratidza kuti kuva pachena kunopa mibayiro mukuderera kwouori, kupfuunziri hwakajeka, uye kubatanidzwa kwoutongi hwehurumende hwehurumende.

Basa renzanga yavagari vemo, zvinobudisa nhau, uye renyika dzakawanda rakakomba mukutsigira. Dzinogovera nzvero, kunyora, uye tsigiro younyanzvi izvo zvinochinja mashoko asina kunyorwa kuva anozvidavirira. Sezvo kushuma chaikoiko kwenguva, A, uye bhajeti yokupa nhevedzano zvinova zvakapararira zvikuru, chiono chehurumende inoonesa zvirokwazvo. (8) uko mugari wemo ari wose anogona kurondwa uye anogona kuva nenzwi nenzira inowedzera kusvika.

Nokuda kwehurumende dzinongovamba rwendo urwu, nzira iri mberi yakajeka: kutanga nechinyorwa chakakwana, chinonyorwa nemuchina chemashoko ose okushandisa mabhajeti; shandisa maturusi anoshandiswa navagari vemo; uye ita gadziriro dzapamutemo dzinoraira kujeka nokudzivirira vapfuri. Fiscal haisi mutoro wechinjo yenguva imwe asi musengwa unopfuurira kubvumira chiedza kupenya pandyiko dzose dzinoshandiswa navose.