Good Friver Augness, Counciption yapamutemo, yakasainwa pana 10 April 1998, ichiratidzira nguva yakadzorwa mumuitiro worugare weNorthern Ireland. Nharidzano yayo yakanga iri yokugumisa makumi matatu amakore emasimba masimba esekete anozivikanwa se "Matambudziko" uye kugadza simba rinodzikira rehurumende. Makore makumi maviri namashanu painenge, mirangariro yenzanga pamusoro pekushanda kwebvumirano yakasiyana senzanga vamene. Nepo vazhinji vachirumbidza bvumirano yokuderedza zvikuru masimba masimba nokugadzira nzvimbo yekurukurirano yezvamatongerwe enyika, vamwe vanotaura kuti yakundikana kutaura nezvemagariro makuru enzanga neshanje kana kuti kusimudzira kuyanana kwechokwadi. Kunzwisisa iyi mirangariro yakasiana- siyana kunokosha nokuda kwokuyera wirirana kwenhaka yechibvumirano uye chapadhi kuti pave norugare.

Mirangariro Yorudzi NeyaRepublican

Nokuda kwavazhinji munzanga dzourudzi nedzinoparabhuriki, Good Frinth Agream yakamirira nhano inokosha. Yakabvuma kuzivikanwa kweIreland kwavagari vomunyika, kwakagoverwa nokuda kweDare roUshumiri reNorth-South, uye yakatanga miitiro yokubatanidza pakupedzisira kweIreland kupfurikidza nebvumirano. Vanamuko muSinn Féin, zvakadai saMartin McGuinness, vakarondedzera chibvumirano se "nzvimbo yakazvinyimiranwa" iyo yakapa mariphabliki muganhu wetsika mugadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika yavakanga vashora kwenguva refu. Kuderera mukuvapo kwehondo yeBritain uye kusunungurwa kwavasungwa vechiuto kwaionekwa semigumisiro inonzwika.

Kuzivikanwa Nokubatanidzwa

Vatsigiri vezvourudzi vanowanzonongedzera kukutangwa kweNorthern Ireland Assembly nechinodikanwa chokuvhota kwakanangana nenzvimbo dzinobatanidza nyika sedziviriro dzinodzivisa kudzokera kumutemo wevoruzhinji. Nheyo yokubvuma() kuti mugariro wemitemo weNorthern Ireland unogona bedzi kuchinja netsigiro yavazhinji. Yakadzorwa, ichipa mugwagwa kuIreland yakabatana. Mapoka enzanga munzvimbo dzinobatanidza nyika, dzakadai seWest Belfast ne Derry, akashandisa chibvumirano senheyo yezviito zvokuvaka rugare, nokududza kuderera kwezviitiko zvokuchengeteka sebetsero yakananga. [[FLT:] Chibvumirano chekusimbisa ruremekedzo rwechiIrish neratidziro rwetsika muupenyu hwavose [FF:1], chakabetsera kutsinhirana.

Kusagutsikana Nokuramba Vachiwana Zvokudya

Asi havasi vose vanogutsikana. Nokuda kwevatsoropodzi ava vanotaura kuti chibvumirano chakatenderwa ndokukundikana kupa zvipikirwa zveIreland yakabatana. Vanonongedzera kukuvapo kunopfuurira kwemasimba echengeteko, kupfuurira kwemapoka, uye kusafambira mberi panhau dzakadai seBill of Rights for Northern Ireland. Nokuda kweidzi vatsoropodzi, chibvumirano chakatsinhanhanisa nharidzano huru yechinzwano cheIreland nokuda kwerugare rwechinguvana. Kunyange vagari vomunyika vanoratidza kushatiriswa nekusagadzikana kwezvamatongerwe enyika, uye Dare reProviswo reProving rakapuko nerozhote nerongedzero zvishoma munharaunda dzakadai sechitoo. Nzvero dzinogara Dzose dzinoratidza kuti nepo voruzhinji vevarwi venyika venyika dzinotsigira bvumirano, vakawanda vanorangarira kuti hachina kusvika kure kusvika kure kusvika pakutaura kuruvaravi rwenguva pfupi, zvikurukuru mudzimba, zvikurukuru mumabasa edzimba, uye dzidzo.

Mirangariro Yokubatana uye Yokuvimbika

Mirangariro yesangano reChibvumirano cheChibvumirano cheChinzwano cheGood Chishanu zvichida yakatokamuraniswa zvikuru. Nepo vamwe vabatanidzwa vakaona chibvumirano sechiito chakanakisisa chinobvira chakapiwa zvinhu chaizvoizvo zvezvamatongerwe enyika zvema 1990, vamwe vakachirangarira sechinosundira kuparabhuriki. Kubatanidzwa kweSinn Féin muhurumende pasina kubudiswa kwezvombo zveIRA kwakanga kuchiitiranwa nharo zvikuru, uye kusunungurwa kwevasungwa vehondo kwakanga kuri piritsi rinovavara mwoyo nokuda kwemhuri dzakawanda dzemibatanidzwa idzo dzakanga dzarasikirwa navadiwa kuti dzive nougandanga.

Kugamuchira Kwokungwarira

Vabatanidzwa vane mwero, zvikurukuru muUlster Union Union Party (UUUP), pakuvamba vakatsigira chibvumirano senzira yokudzivirira nayo nzvimbo yeNorthern Ireland mukati meUnited Kingdom. Chibvumirano chacho chinobvuma kuti Northern Ireland yaizoramba iri rutivi rweUK kutoti vazhinji vakasasarudza vakagovera dziviriro yemitemo. nzanga dzechiUniontics dzakawana njodzi dzakaipisisa dzeRocks / kufanana nedziri muPortadescan namativi eEast Belfast] kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji dzinobvuma kuti bvumirano yakaderedza masimba masimba masimba [[, zvichivabvumira kurarama upenyu hwakanaka zvikuru. [kusikwa kweNorthern Ireland Rights Corm neExmoset commos Commes yairess yakaonekwa semagwara akanaka kudzivirira vagariki vemo.

Nhamo Dzetsika Nedzezvamatongerwe Enyika

Zvisinei, vabatanidzwa vakawanda havana kusununguka. Chibvumirano cheDemocratic Union Union (Dupus) chakashora chibvumirano kubvira pakutanga, chichitaura kuti chakanetesa mubatanidzwa wacho ndokupa nyika yehurumende `pamberi pekudyira patafura' pasina kubvumirana kwakakwana. Tsitsidzo dzekushandira pamwe nehurumende yeIreland muNorthern Ireland dzinoonekwa nevamwe vanamati vakabatana sevanopinda mubatanidzwa. Zvinetso zvinoshanda zvakadai sokuramba kuripo kwemapoka echiuto, kukundikana kubatanidza vanhu zvizere, uye kusawirirana kwetsika kwetsika pamusoro pemireza nemhedziro. .

Yakavhengana, Centrist, uye Misha Isiri Yenzanga

Kupfuura chikamu chegamuchidzanwa chezvourudzi, vanhu vazhinji muNorthern Ireland vanozivisa sazvimwe. Kukura kwe "rimwe" mumashoko okuverenga vanhu (*zvino mu 17% yavagari vemo) kunoratidzira nhamba inokura yavagari vemo vasingawirirani nemapoka makuru. Nokuda kwavanhu ivava, Chibvumirano chaGood Chishanu chinowanzorangarirwa kwete panhau dzebumbiro remitemo asi pamiuyo yacho inooneka paupenyu hwezuva nezuva: chengeteko, mukana wemari, uye mabasa avose.

Tsigiro Yevarombo

Vagari vemo navagari vomunharaunda dzakavhengana, kufanana naidzo dziri mumativi eNorth Belfast kana kuti mahombero ekireshi, vanowanzorangarira chibvumirano nenzira inoshanda. Vanoonga kuderera kwedenho dzehondo uye kuiswa kwetsika kwechengeteko. Masangano maduku, akadai seInted Education Fund neCorrymeela Community, akashandisa chibvumirano kusimudzira kuyanana uye nzvimbo dzinogoveranwa. Kutangwa kweCommunity Retation Council Council uye kutsigira zvirongwa zvokuvaka rugare zvakapa mapoka maduku akawanda mugadziriro. [FL:] nokuda kwavanhu ava], chibvumirano hachisi chinhu chakakwana asi ikoshi yebasa nokuda kwefambiro mberi ine mwero.[FFFF:1]

Vane Simba Vanobva Pakati

Bva kunyange vazivi vezana vane rondedzero. Rudzi rwechikamu cheGungano racho (*kutsvaka tsigiro yavazhinji kubva kuzvose zviri zviviri zvikamu zvokubatana nezvourudzi) zvinobatanidza mapoka esekete panzvimbo paanopfuura. Vamwe vanotaura kuti chibvumirano chakaumba nzanga mbiri" muenzaniso, kusiyira nzvimbo duku avo vanoramba magwaro esekete. Kutsigira kwemari, mabasa avose, uye kuparara kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwamakore achangobva kupfuura kwakatungamirira kushatiriswa. Kuputsika kweGungano kwa2020, kwakasundwa negakavadzano yeDuP neSin Féin pamusoro peIrland Language Act, kwakasimbisa murangariro wokuti masangano echibvumirano ashatiko, uye anokombamira kushatsa.

Misiyano Yezvemari Nenzanga

Rutivi runokosha asi runowanzofuratirwa rweChibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu isimba rarwo rezvemari nenzanga. Rubudiriro rwebvumirano runowanzoyerwa murugare nedzikamo yezvamatongerwe enyika, asi nokuda kwenzanga dzakawanda, muedzo chaiwoiwo ndewokuti rwavandudza here kunaka kwoupenyu hwavo.

Kuparadzana Kworugare: Kutenga Mari Nebasa

Mugumo weNharo dzakaunza kugadzirwa kwemitengo yezvokutengeserana. Makambani emarudzi akawanda, zvikurukuru muruzivo rwemitemo namabasa ezvemari, akatanga mabasa muBelfast neDerry. Mapurogiramu eEuropean Union of Peace akapinza mazana amamirioni amaeuro muzvirongwa zvemibatanidzwa yemichinjikwa, zvirongwa zvemasangano, uye kuva pakati penzanga. Makambani, aimbosavapo munzvimbo dzinorwisana, akava bhizimisi guru. Munharaunda dzinoshanda dzakanga dzatambura nokushaya mabasa nenhamo, mikana yebasa yakawedzerwa, kunyange zvazvo kutoti. Nokuda kwavagari vazhinji, kukamukana kworugare kwakareva kuti vana vavo vaigona kukura pasina tyisidziro yezuva nezuva yemabhomba nokupfura.

Kupfuurira Kuva Vakaenzana

Zvisinei, betsero dzemari dzakaparadzirwa zvisina kufanira. Nharaunda dzezvoupfumi, pasinei zvapo nevandudziko, dzichiri dzinotambura kushaikwa kwamabasa kwakakwirira uye mari shoma yeavhareji kupfuura nzvimbo dzinobatanidzwa. Nzanga dzakavimbika dzakaonawo kuderera kwakati, nokubviswa kwemibato yeProtestant ichiita kuti nzvimbo dzinoshandira pamwe dzive dzakaoma. Nhaka yerwisano nemhirizhonga yenzanga yeIndaneti. Nhando dzehondo dzehondo nenhamo dzendangariro dzendangariro, utano husina kunaka, uye dzimba dzinogara pasi, dzinopfuurira pakufamba kwenzanga. Vatsoropotete nenharo. Vatsoropo vanoramba kuti kuisa ngwariro panhau dzakadzikamato yezvamatongerwe enyika dzinoregeredzwa zvikuru. Sezvinopfumisa mumwe munzanga muEast Belfast Belst; "Rugare rwakaipa rwehondo, rusarira rudzo, rukamo rwedzidzo rwenyika, uye rudzo rwetsika.[FLT]

Mutsetse weBharadhe neMirangariro yaMarudzi Ose

Chibvumirano cheGood Chishanu hachisi nhau yomukati meNorthern Ireland bedzi; chine revo huru nokuda kwoukama pakati peUnited Kingdom neIreland, uye nokuda kwezvokufara kweEurope. Kuumbwa kweDare roUshumiri reNorth-South nemipata yemichinjikwa kwakasimudzira batira pamwe inoshanda munharaunda dzakadai soutano, zvokurima, uye zvokufambisa. Kunzanga dziri mumiganhu yemuganhu, chibvumirano chakaita kuti upenyu hwezuva nezuva huve nyore zvikuru, vanhu vaigona kufamba, kushanda, uye mabasa okuwana pasina kuyambuka muganhu wezvombo. Upfumi hwenyika yose yakura, nezvokutengeserana uye zvokushambaira zviri kufamba zvakasununguka zvikuru.

Kupwisa KweBreit

Nenzira inosetsa, budiriro yebvumirano yakadenhwa nokubuda kweUnited Kingdom muEuropean Union. Paratiko yeNorthern Ireland, rutivi rweBret take, yakagadzira muganhu mutsva webhizimisi muGungwa reIreland, ichitsamwisa vabatanidzwa vazhinji vakaiona seyakanetesa mubatanidzwa. Hurumende yakatsigira mutemo seunodzivirira upfumi hwenyika yose neperemendi retsika. Mutemo wakaratidzira mitsetse yemhosva mukati mebvumirano: dzikamo pakati pechibvumirano chemubatanidzwa nevenyika inopesana. Muganhu waitsigira zvisarudzo zvemitemo yakaparadzaniswa, uye kuwirirana kwezvose zviri zviviri nemitemo.

Kutsigirwa Nenhaka Munyika Dzose

Chibvumirano chacho chakarumbidzwa zvikuru munyika dzakawanda semuenzaniso wechisarudzo cherwisano. Aichimbova Mumiriri weU.S. George Mitchell basa rake sasachigaro wekurukurirano anowanzodudzwa sechinhu chikuru mukubudirira kwacho. Tsigiro yezvemari nezvamatongerwe enyika yakagovera gadziriro yakasimba. Nzanga dzedzimwe nzvimbo dzerwisano (kubva kuBasque Country kuSouth Africa) Good Wearth Agreement inopa zvidzidzo musimba rinopa wirirano neyananiso. Zvisinei, vatsoropo pakutengesa mufananidzo wacho pasina kuzvidavirira nokuda kwenhau yenhau netsika dzekare yeNorthern Ireland.

Zvinetso Zvokubudirira Kwechibvumirano

Pasinei zvapo nebudiriro dzayo dzakawanda, Good Friver Agreement inotarisana nedenho huru idzo mirangariro yenzanga. Kusagadzikana kwezvamatongerwe enyika kunoramba kuri chinetso chinopfuurira. Gungano rakamiswa kashanu chibviro cha1998, misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi zvikurusa nemhaka yokushora mubatanidzwa. Iyi mitemo inodzivisa kupiwa kweminamato yavose uye inobvisa chivimbo chavanhu mumasangano akatangwa nebvumirano.

Nhaka Yechisimba uye Rusaruro

Masvingo orugare . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Chinjo Yetsika Neyokugara

Kuchinja kwevagari vemo muNorthern Ireland (napo kuwanda kwechiverengero chavagari vemo cheKaturike nechiverengero chavagari vemo chePurotesitendi nevePurotesitendi vari kuderera(chinoderedza nzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika. Iyi kombamiro yokugara kwavanhu inowanzodudzwa nenyanzvi dzezvourudzi soufakazi hwokuti Ireland yakabatana haidzivisiki, iyo inotowedzerawo funganyo yemibatanidzwa. Gadziriro yeRevience Friver Reconcenter yensts yenzverost (kudzosarusarudzo pakubatana) inhau mhenyu yezvamatongerwe enyika. Vamwe vamiririri venzanga vanoshushikana kuti chibvumirano chacho chingasapukunyuka funganyo yechinjo inobvira yebumbiro remitemo. Vamwe, zvikurukuru pakati pe "imwe nhambo, nokuda kwechimiro chakachinjika, chisiri chesangano chisiri chesangano chinopfuurira kupfuurira kupfuudza kupfuudza kudika kwebvumirano cha199898.

Migumisiro Nemaonero Enguva Yemberi

Mirangariro yenzanga pamusoro pokushanda kweChibvumirano chaGood Chishanu chakajeka zvikuru uye kazhinji kazhinji chinopesana. Nokuda kwavazhinji, chinoramba chiri chinhu chinokosha icho chakagumisa masimba masimba makuru zvikuru uye chakapa Northern Ireland inzwi rehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Kuna vamwe, rugare rusina kukwana urwo rusati rwapa kuva nokuenzana kwechokwadi kana kuti kuyanana. Simba rebvumirano riri mukuchinjika kwaro: Chinoparira masangano angagona kushanduka shanduka shanduka yaigona kuvapo, kunyange zvazvo mhindumupindu yave inorwadza uye ichinonoka.

Sezvo Northern Ireland inosvika makore gumi echitatu ebvumirano, denho huru ndeyokuvaka nzanga inogoverana inopfuura kufunga kwomunguva yakapfuura. Ikoku kuchada kukurukura paradzano yezvemari, kutsigira dzidzo yakabatana nedzimba, uye kusimudzira kurukurirano inobatanidza nzanga dzose (kubatanidza avo vanonzwa vasiyiwa. Good Wearth Apligition haisati iri muganhu asi gadziriro yebasa rinopfuurira. Kana ikaramba ichitsamira pakuzvidira kwavatungamiriri vezvamatongerwe enyika namapoka enzanga kuti vadzorere, vawirirane, uye vawiriranezve nenheyo dzayo huru dzehudzani, bvumirano, uye ruremekedzo.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, ona [[FLT: 0] Encyclopedia Britannica paChibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu[[FT:1]; kunzvera kwedzidzo ine udzame mu Hurumende yeProfestical Studies; mishumo inobva [[FLT:] Commony Relations ; [FLT] BB] kudzokera shure pabvumirano yechi 25 chegore ; uye [FLT:] Mukuru weIrland wechikamu chechibvumirano [FFF]]