Table of Contents

Kushandiswa Kwomudzimu Wokuona Zvinhu Zvakatipoteredza

Kuona mativi mukudzora kunopfuura donzo rehurumende; imhepo inodzorwa nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu inoshanda. Inovimbisa kuti zviito zvavakuru vakuru vehurumende zvinooneka, zvinorongeka, uye kuti zvinonzverwa navanhu, izvo zvinovakawo kuvimbana kwevagari vomunyika kunoitwa. Kana vagari vemo vachigona kuwana mashoko akavimbika pamusoro pezvisarudzo zvinoitwa, kuti bhajeti inopedzerwa sei, uye kuti mitemo inoitwa sei, zvinoshongedzerwa zviri nani kuita kuti vatungamiriri vavo vazvidavirire uye kutsigira mitemo inoshanda zvakanaka. Muzera renhema uye rinoderera kuvimba nesangano, kuoneka kwazova chishandiso chinokosha chokudzorera chivimbo mumasangano ehurumende inotonga vanhu, uye kuvimbisa kuti simba rinoramba riri mumaoko evanhu.

Pasina kujeka, vagari vemo vanosiyiwa murima, vasingakwanisi kunzvera kana hurumende yavo iri kuita mufariro yavo yakanakisisa. Uku kushaikwa kwamashoko kunogona kuparira nyumwiro, kusakendenga, uye kusada kushata. Nenzira yakapesana, apo hurumende dzinogoverana nenzira isingaiti basa mashoko nemiitiro yokuita zvisarudzo, dzinoratidzira kuzvipira kuperero nokudisa kuzvidavirira. Kujekawo kune tapuro ine simba pauori: apo vakuru vakuru vanoziva kuti zviito zvavo zvakazarukira kumurangariro wavanhu, havasati vachitongogona zvikuru kupinda mumufambiro usina kururama. Nokuda kweidziro, kujeka hakusi kutenderwa nehurumende asi chinodikanwa chikuru chokutonga kwehurumende.

Michina Inokosha Yokuita Kuti Kuona Kutarisika Kuve Kusingachinji

Hurumende pasi pose dzakashandisa nzira dzakasiyana - siyana kuti dzinyatsoita kuti zvinhu zvijeke.

Kutanga Kuziva Mashoko

Mapurogiramu emashoko anobatanidza hurumende dzinobudisa mashoko paIndaneti kuti munhu upi noupi apinde, aongorore, uye ashandisezve. Mazita aya anogona kufukidza chinhu chiri chose kubva pakushandisa vanhu nokunyorerana mibayiro kusvikira kumirayiridzo yezvakatipoteredza uye yemabhii. Kana akapiwa mumafai emichina, mashoko akavhura anoita kuti vatori venhau, vatsvakurudzi, uye nyanzvi dzezvoruzivo rwezvirongwa zvehurumende vakwanise kuvhura mitoo, kunyora mitsetse, uye kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vazvidavarange vachizvidavirira.

Rusununguko Rwemashoko

Freedom of Information (FOI) inopa vagari vemo kodzero yepamutemo yokukumbira magwaro namanyoro kubva kumasangano avose. Iyi mitemo inosiana nenyika asi inowanzoda masangano kupindura mukati megadziriro yakatarwa yenguva uye kururamisa kuramba kupi nokupi. Zvikumbiro FAI zvave zviri chishandiswa mukufumura kusazvibata kwehurumende, tsvina, uye kundikano dzemiitiro. MuUnited States, Freedom of Information Act[ yakashandiswa kufukura udzame pamusoro pechinhu chiri chose chitsamato chehondo chinobva kuzvisarudzo zvoutano.

Kushandisa Mari Kwacho

Kushandisa mari yemari kunobvumira vagari vemo kusarudza zvakananga kuti vopa sei chikamu chemari yavose. Izvi hazvingoiti kuti pave nezvisarudzo zvemabhajeti zviri pachena asiwo zvinoita kuti vagari vemo vatozokwanisa kudzora. Maguta akadai saPorto Alegre muBrazil neNew York muUnited States anoshandisa mari yokushandisa kuti vapinde munzanga, kuderedza uori, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti kushandisa mari kunoratidza zvinhu zvinokosha munharaunda.

Kushuma Kwavose uye Kuongorora

Masangano eIndependent Vincial Auditions anoita basa rinokosha mukuongorora kuti mari yavose inoshandiswa seinodiwa. Kana mishumo iyi ichiitwa kuti isvike paIndaneti, inoita kuti vagari vemo uye masangano enzanga ade kugadzirisa zvinhu paanenge awanikwa.

Kudya Kwevagari Vomunyika Nemadhigita

Zviteshi zvemichina yebic zvinobvumira vagari vemo kushuma zvinetso, kufambiswa kwebasa ravose, uye kukurukurirana zvakananga nevakuru vakuru. Maturusi akadai seFix MyStreet muUnited Kingdom uye masangano 311 akasiyana - siyana mumaguta eUnited States anopa nzira yakananga yokuti vagari vemo vape nhau voona kuti hurumende yavo inoita sei. Kuoneka kweidzi nzvimbo dzezvikuva (8) Kuratidza kuti mishumo yakamira, yavharwa, kana kuti yafuratiswa.

Mienzaniso Yenyika Chaiyoiyo: Nhau Dzinooneka Dzinobudirira

Kuongorora uku kunoratidza kuti hurumende padzinobvuma kuti vanhu vazive zviri pamwoyo, migumisiro yacho inogona kuva inoyevedza uye yakakura.

Chinjo Yehurumende Yechidhina yeEstonia

Estonia yazova mutungamiriri wenyika yose mukuita mabasa ehurumende, ichibva paaundi yose yemitero kuvhota(apo) paIndaneti. Urongwa hwenyika yeX-Road hunogadzira kutsinhana kwakachengeteka, kwakaisvonaka uko kunobvumira vagari vomunyika kuona kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vapi chaizvo vakapinda mumashoko avo. Uyu muenzaniso we unodzorwa negadziriro yemagadzirirwo [[ watungamirira kumwero yakakwirira yoruvimbo: vaEstonia vanoratidza chivimbo nguva dzose mumano avo okubata mashoko nenzira inoyera. Kupfurikidza nokuita masangano anooneka uye anorangarirwa, Estonia akaderedza mabanza ouorivhi.

Kuona chitarisiko kweBrazil

Brazil Parmal da Transparência (Treast Portal) inogovera mashoko ane udzame pamusoro pemari inoshandiswa nehurumende, kubatanidza mibhadharo, zvibvumirano, uye kusiiwa kwenzanga. Inotangwa muna 2004, muteshi anobvumira mugari wemo upi noupi kunzvera ndyiko dzakati kuti arangarire mashoko mumibatanidzwa yeshamwari. Zvidzidzo zvakaratidza kuti tambo yacho yakaparira kuderera muushati kupfurikidza nokuwedzera bviro yokuti kushaitswa kwemari kuchaoneka. Mapoka avagari vemo anoshandisa mashoko kunzvera basa rehurumende uye kutsigira chitsamanyuko chiri nani.

Mubatanidzwa Wehurumende Wakazaruka

Open Government internate inhano yakasiyana- siyana inokurudzira nyika kuita kuti dzionekwe, kutora rutivi kwavagari vemo, uye kuzvidavirira. Nyika dziri mutezo dzinokudziridza zvirongwa zvorudzi nezvibvumirano zvakati, zvakadai sokubudisa mashoko akazaruka, kuvandudza kusvika kumashoko, uye kuvamba kuvimbisana. OGP yakasimudzira nzanga yepasi rose yavachinji uye yakatungamirira kukuvandudza kudzoreswa kwapamutemo munyika dzakadai seGeorgia, Indonesia, neCanada.

Kutanga Kwezivo Yakazaruka yeKenya

Kenya yakatanga mashoko ayo akajeka muna 2011, ichiita kuti mashoko ehurumende pamusoro pemabhajeti, utano, dzidzo, uye zvinhu zvinoshandiswa nevanhu. Nhanho iyi yakaita kuti vatori venhau vemo vape simba rokutsvaka mari inoshandiswa nehurumende uye kusimbisa kusawirirana kuri pakati pezvinenge zvarongwa nezviripo. Kunyange zvazvo zvinetso zvichiripo, dare racho rave riri chiteshi chezvinodiwa zvikuru chokuratidza kuti zviri nani uye rakaita kuti pave nenhimbe dzemashoko dzinoshandiswa pakugadzira mashoko.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvinoramba Zvichitadzisa Kuita Kuti Kuora Kusanyanya

Pasinei zvapo nebetsero dzakajeka nemienzaniso inobudirira, kuwana kuona kune revo kwakazara nezvinetso.Izvi zvipingamupinyi zvinowanzova zvegadziriro, zvakavakirwa mutsika dzezvamatongerwe enyika, irentia, uye zviteshi zvemanyuko. Kunzwisisa izvi mhinganidzo kunokosha nokuda kwokuronga mazano anobudirira kuzvikurira.

Kudzivisa Zvezvamatongerwe Enyika Nechisimba Chehurumende

Chimwe chezvinodzivisa zvinokosha zvikurusa kudziviswa navakuru vakuru vanotya kuti kuoneka kwapamhene kucharatidzira kusakwanisa, tsvina, kana kuti ushati. Tsika dzeurongwa hweupayuta dzinopa mubayiro wakavanzika nokudzorwa dzingasekesa nhamburiko dzokubudisa mashoko. Muzvimwe zviitiko, hurumende dzinoshandisa miitiro yokuona zviri pachena muzita bedzi, pasina kugovera zviwanikwa kana kuti kudzikamisa kunodikanwa kuita kuti zvibudirire. Uku kuratidzira pawirirano yepanyuro yepanyuro yepanyuro yepanyundo [ nzira inogona kubvisa chaizvoizvo kuvimba kupfuura kusatongooneka.

Mikaha Yezvounyanzvi Nezvirongwa

Hurumende dzakawanda, zvikurukuru munzvimbo dzinogara, hadzina michina yokuunganidza, kuunganidza, uye kubudisa mashoko panguva yakakodzera. Gadziriro dzenhaka dzisingataurirana, maInternet akaganhurirwa munharaunda dzomumaruwa, uye kuperevedza kwenyanzvi dzemazita dzinodzorwa dzose dzinodzivisa mano okugoverana mashoko pachena. Kunyange kana mashoko achibudiswa, dzingava mumafashoni akaomera vagari vemo kushandisa (g., anotariswa maPDF panzvimbo pemafaira echidhinaringi CSV).

Zvipingamupinyi Zvepamutemo uye Zvemitemo

Mitemo yakareverwa inodzivirira zvakavanzika zvehurumende, itiro hanya dzomunhu oga, uye kudzikamiswa kwemitemo yokupinda nokusvika pamashoko kunogona kuvhara zvose kuoneka. Mune dzimwe nyika, kuhesvura kwakafara zvikuru kunobvumira vakuru vakuru kuramba zvikumbiro zvemashoko pahwaro husina kujeka. Kuwedzera, mirau yakavanzika inogona kushandiswa sepembedzo yokunyima mashoko anofanira kuva avose, ichiparira kusawirirana pakati pekodzero yokuziva nekodzero yokuva woga zvinofanira kuva zvakadzikama.

Kushaya Kungwarirwa Uye Kubatwa Nevanhu

Kunyange kana mashoko akawanikwa, vagari vemo vangasaziva kuti vangaawana sei kana kuti vangashayiwa unyanzvi hwokududzira mashoko akaoma. Kunzwisisa mashoko, mhinganidzo dzomutauro, uye kusaziva zvishoma kodzero dzeFOI zvinoreva kuti kuedza kuona mativi akadzidza zvikuru uye akabatana enzanga. Pasina kuvavarira kuvaka, kujeka kunogona kuwedzera kusaenzana panzvimbo pokukuderedza.

Mashoko Akawandisa Uye Anoshandiswa Zvisina Kufanira

Kubudisa mashoko akawanda pasina mashoko akapoteredza kana kuti marongedzero kunogona kukurira vagari vemo uye kunyange kushandiswa kuparadzira mashoko asina kururama. Vatambi vakaipa vangashandisa zviverengero nenzira yakasarudzwa kuita nhau dzenhema kana kuti kuzvidza utariri hwapamutemo. Kuoneka pasina kuzvidavirira dzimwe nguva kunogona kutungamirira kumafashamo data ayo anodzikamisa kupfuura zvaanozivisa, kuchiita kuti kuve madikanwa kuisa ngwariro kwete bedzi pakuwanda asi pakujeka, ungwaru, uye kuvimbika.

Zvirongwa Zvokukunda Mhinganidzo uye Kuwedzera Kuona Zvakanaka

Kugadzirisa zvinetso zvokuona kunoda nzira yakasiyana - siyana inobatanidza kuchinja kwepamutemo, kugadzirwa kwemichina, kuchinja kwetsika, uye kuvimbisana nenzanga. Pasi apa pane nzira dzakanyatsobudisirwa dzinogona kubatsira hurumende kubva pakuoneka kwokufananidzira kuenda kuzvakavanzika chaizvo, zvinoshanda.

Kuongorora Madhigirii uye Mitemo

Hurumende dzinofanira kuisa nhevedzano yokukura kwemibatanidzwa yemichina inogona kugadzira nokugoverana mashoko nenzira isingazivikanwi. Kugamuchira mipimo yakazaruka, yakadai se Tsigineti Yakazaruka [ kana kuti International Open Data Charter, inovimbisa kuti mashoko anobudiswa mutsinhirano, maforesairwo emichina. Kupa mipimo yakachengeteka yezvikuva narovedzo zvamanejasi kunogona kuderedza zvikuru ndyiko nenhamburiko yokuchengeta masuo remicheto.

Kusimbisa Mitemo yeFAI Nokumanikidzwa

Zvinjo dzomutemo dzinogona kuvanza mabudire, kuderedza nguva dzokugadzira, uye kugadza mitumbi yakazvimirira kuti itarisire kuwirirana kweFOI. Kugamuchirwa nokuda kwokusawirirana, zvakadai sefaindi kana kuti kushuma kwapachena kwamasangano asingadi kutenderwa, zvinoparira vakuru vakuru kurangarira nenzira yakakomba. Nyika dzakafanana neIndia, dzine mutemo wakasimba weFOI nekositi yamashoko yakasimba, dzakaona vandudziko huru mukuzvidavirira.

Kuvaka Tsika Yokusununguka Mubasa Romunyika

Chinjo yetsika inokosha sechinjo dzinogadzirwa. Gadziriro dzokurovedza vabatiri vehurumende pamusoro pebetsero dzokuona zvakanaka, mabasa etsika, uye kutarisirwa kwemashoko dzinogona kubetsera kuderedza kudziviswa. Nhungadzo inobva pamusoro-pasi (munongedzero yavakuru vakuru nomufambiro wapachena) inochinja zvishoma nezvishoma mipimo yesangano. Tuso dzomukati nokuda kwokuvandudzwa kwokujeka, dzakadai sechipo chemibato yemashoko, dzinogonawo kukurudzira kuzivisa pachena.

Kugoverana Navagari Vemo Sezvibvumirano Zvokuona chitarisiko

Kuona chitarisiko hakufaniri kuva nzira imwe inotepfenyurwa kubva kuhurumende kuenda kuvagari vemo. Mitengo yedaviswo yeshoko ravagari vemo, yakadai senzvero dzavose, kunzvera kwapachivande, uye zvikamu zvemishumo zvenzanga, zvinogona kuchinja kuoneka kuva kurukurirano yenzira mbiri. Apo vagari vemo vanobetsera kugadzira maforamende uye zvokutanga zvemashoko akavhurika, sezvingabvira zvikuru zvinova. Zvirongwa zvakafanana ne bhajeti yebhajeti remari rebhajeti kubhajeti yebhajeti yebhaisi [ vagari vemoripoti vanobatanidza zvakananga mugoverano yamabhadharo, kugadzira sundo dzine simba nokuda kwemativi ose ari maviri kuti achengete mapepa akajeka.

Kuderera Kwenzanga Yavagari Vemo Nemichina Yokuongorora

Masangano enzanga avagari vemo anoita basa rinokosha mukunzvera kujeka, kunzvera mashoko, uye kutsigira nokuda kwevandudziko. Tsigiro nokuda kwaaya mapoka(*kupfurikidza nemari, dziviriro yapamutemo, uye kusvika kuvagadziri vezvisarudzo(is) zvinokosha. Mukuwedzera, zvishandiso zvesangano renyika zvakadai se Openling kana kuti Decta MySchool[ inosimbisa vagari vemo kuti vaite pamite yemite yenhauropuko, kuchinja mashoko asina kugadzirwa kuva anoshanda.[[FLT] pakati pevhu, acreadmia, uye nyanzvi dzemicrotechology dzinogona kubudisa mabhodhi anoshandiswa kunzwisiswa nearationzi anonzwisisa mashoko pakuona.

Kuyera Kuona Nekuzvidavirira

Kuti uzive kana nhamburiko dzokuona nameso dzichibudirira, kuri madikanwa kuyera zvose zviri zviviri kuwanika kwamashoko netapuro yawo chaiyoiyo pamufambiro wokudzora nowevagari vemo.

Kuona mamiriro Ezvinhu Pasi Rose Kunoratidza Kuti Ari Kure

Masangano akadai se Trapity International inobudisa Uori hwePreceptions Index (CPII) uye mamwe matanho anobatanidza kuoneka sechinhu chikuru. Vhozheni yeData, yakabudiswa neWorld Wide Web Foundation, inoyera hurumende pakugadzirira, kuita, uye kushanda kwemitemo yakazarukira. Vhanzi yeBhaunitsi reBhaunitsi reInter inonzvera kuti ivenge nounyanzvi hwemari inodzorwa munyika.

Kuzvidavirira Kwomugari Wemo

Kuongororwa kwenzanga, kwakadai sokuongorora magariro evanhu muIndia uye mapepa ezvikamu zvenzanga muMalawi, kunobvumira vagari vemo kuyera zvakananga mabasa avose pazvipikirwa zvehurumende. Kuedza uku kuisa midzi yevhu inopa mashoko anowanzorasika nyika, uye anopa vanhu vomunzvimbomo simba rokuda kuvandudzwa. Kana vakabatanidzwa nemashoko akajeka, kuongorora uku kunogona kuita kuti pave nechinjo chakasimba chinoramba chichienderera mberi.

Kunaka Kwemashoko uye Kushandiswa Kwawo

Kungobudisa mashoko hakuna kukwana; mashoko anofanira kuva akarurama, akakwana, uye akakodzera nguva. Maminukiri akafanana ne [[FT:0] Open Data Maturity Mode inobetsera kuyera kana maseti achigadziridzwa nguva dzose, achinyorwa zvakanaka, uye asina zvikanganiso. Hurumende dzinofanirawo kunzvera kuti mashoko anowanzotepirwa sei, ayo manyoro anoshandiswa zvikuru, uye kana vagari vemo vachishuma chinjo mumano avo okupesvedzera kuita chisarudzo somuuyo wokuwana mashoko.

Basa Riri Kuchinja reNzanga Yavagari Vemo Noruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu

Pari zvino, vanhu vemunyika uye ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu zvava kuita kuti zvinhu zvive pachena.

Unyanzvi Hwokugadzira Zvinhu uye Kunyora Mashoko

Masangano oruzivo rwemitemo anogadzira zvikuva zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kushandisa mashoko akazaruka. Somuenzaniso, Propublica ye [FLT]] DATTETE[ inobvumira vanoshandisa kunzvera mari yehurumende, nepo [[FLT:] PROG] Pracporate zvivako zvebhizimisi. Vatori venhau vemitengi vanoshandisa FAI zvikumbiro uye madata avose kunzvera nhau idzo dzingangoramba dzakavigwa. Idzi dzinoshanda semitevedzero, kushandura mashoko echiito mukuita mukurukurirano yapachena uye kuchinja.

Zvinobudisa Nhau Zvenzanga Sechishandiso Chinoisa Muti

Zviteshi zvemakambani enhau zvenzanga zvazova mapakatwa akakomberedzwa maviri nokuda kwokujeka. Pane rumwe rutivi, zvinobvumira vagari vemo kuparadzira ufakazi hwokusashandiswa zvakanaka kwehurumende munguva chaiyoiyo, zvinoparira dzvinyiriro yavose nokuda kwokuzvidavirira. Kune rumwe rutivi, zvinogona kuparadzira mashoko asina kururama nokukurumidza, pane dzimwe nguva anoshandiswa nehurumende kuzvidza vanoridza khwero. Denho ndeyokushandisa simba rezvinobudisa nhau apo zvinovaka dziviriro pazvinokurira kushandiswa kwadzo zvisina kufanira.

Uchenjeri Hunogadzirwa uye Kuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka

Maturusi eAI, akadai sokugadzirwa kwomutauro womusikirwo nokuonekwa kwomuviri, anoshandiswa nenzira inowedzera kunzvera mavhoriyamu makuru ezvinyorwa zvehurumende nokuda kwezviratidzo zvouori kana kuti miuyo yemiitiro. Zvisinei, kushandiswa kweAI muhurumende kunosimudzirawo funganyo dzekuoneka: kana maarugilamu akashandiswa kuita zvisarudzo, vagari vemo vanofanira kukwanisa kunzwisisa ndokudenha zvisarudzo izvozvo. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kukudana nokuda kwe algothmic kujeka [

Kupedzisa: Nzira Iri Mberi Nokuda Kwokujeka Nesimba

Kuona chitarisiko hachisi chinhu chinopfuurira asi muitiro unofanira kushanduka noruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, zvombo, uye mamiriro ezvinhu evagari vemo. Ufakazi hwakajeka: apo hurumende dzinoita kuti dzive norusununguko (kupfurikidza negadziriro dzakasimba dzemitemo, gadziriro dzemitemo dzakasimba, uye kubatana kwechokwadi nenzanga yevagari vemo) zvinovaka chivimbo, zvinoderedza uori, uye zvinopa simba vagari vemo kuti vaite rutivi mukuumba udzori hwavo vamene. Asi kuoneka kwoga hakukwani. Kunofanira kubatanidzwa nemitoo yokuzvidavirira iyo inovimbisa mashoko kuti atungamirire kubasa, uye nedzidzo yakafara yavagari vemo kuti vagari vose, pasinei zvapo nemamiriro ezvinhu ekare, vagone kutora rutivi zvine revo.

Sezvatinotarira kunguva yemberi, kuchinja kwemichina yehurumende kunopa mikana isina kumbobvira yaita seyakaita kuti ionekwe zvakanaka muhurumende. Panguva imwe cheteyo, kungwarira kunodiwa kudzivisa ruzivo rutsva rwokugadzira gadziriro dzokuzvidzora. Nzira inopfuudzira inoda kuti hurumende, vanhu vagari vemo vabatane, nyanzvi dzemasayendisiti, uye zvinobudisa nhau () chimwe nechimwe chichiita basa racho kuti chive nechokwadi chokuti chiedza chokupenya kwechiedza chinopenya zvakajeka pazvisarudzo zvinotapura zvakanaka zvedu. Kana tikadaro, hatingovi nesimba rokutsanangura chete asi tinosimbisawo nheyo inokosha yehurumende yehurumende inotonga vanhu.