Kuona zviri pachena. Kuva kwako woga: Zvinetso Zvoungwaru Mukutonga

Gakava riri pakati pekujeka nokuvandika rinorondedzera chimwe chedenho dzetsika dzinopfuurira zvikurusa mukutonga kwazvino uno. Hurumende, masangano avose, uye masangano avanhu voga zvinofanira kutsigira panguva imwe cheteyo kuzvidavirira kupfurikidza nokusununguka uye kudzivirira maruramiro omunhu kupfurikidza nokuvandika. Sezvo muunganidzwa wemitemo wemitemo nokukarirwa kwevagari vemo zvinowedzera kuva zvakaoma zvikuru. Nyaya inonzvera zvinetso zvikuru zvetsika, zvirongwa zvenhau chaidzoidzoidzo, uye zvirongwa zvemitemo zvinoshanda zvokurovanyadziridza kujeka nokuvandika kwapachivande.

Kurondedzera Nheyo Dzechibage

Zvinorehwa Nokuva Nomutoo Wokutarisira

Kuona chitarisiko inheyo yokuti zviito zvehurumende, zvisarudzo, uye mashoko zvinofanira kuwanikwa nevanhu vose. Zvinoita kuti vanhu vazvidarire voga, zvichiita kuti vagari vemo vaongorore vakuru vakuru, vashandise migumisiro inotevedzerwa, uye vaone kuti inoshanda sei. Pasina kuoneka, uori hunowedzera, uori hunowedzera, uye kubatanidzwa kwauchiziva hakubviri. Makuriro makuru anosanganisira:

  • Kuzivisa: mari yokubudisa, maminiti emisangano, uye mishumo yokushanda pasina kukumbira.
  • Kuvhura nhano dzemashoko: Kubvisa mashoko asina kutapura mumaforemu emichina kuti anzverwe nokutangwa.
  • Kubvunza kwePublic: Kugadzira mikoto yezvikamu zvevagari vemo zvisati zvapedziswa zvisarudzo zvemitemo.

Mitumbi yamarudzi ose se ECD inotsigira kuoneka sechinhu chikuru chokudzora kwakanaka, ichisimbisa kuti kujeka kunoderedza mashoko uye kunopa simba nzanga yavagari vemo.

Kukura Kwekodzero Yokuva Woga

Kuva woga ikodzero yokudzora kusvika kumashoko ako pachako uye kusapindira kusina kufanira. Mukutonga, dziviriro dzakavanzika dzavagari vemo pakunzvera, kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwemikoto, uye rusaruro. Iro rinoiswa muzvishandiso zvakadai se Universal Declaration of Human Rights [ (Mutooto we 12) uye Nhlangano weMitemo yeEuropean’s General Data Protection Regpection (GPR). Miteko yeIdzo yeIdzo

  • Kuderedza: kuunganidza bedzi mashoko ari madikanwa nokuda kwedonzo rapamutemo.
  • [ Kubvuma nokusarudza: Kubvumira vanhu kusarudza kuti mashoko avo anoshandiswa sei.
  • [ Kuva nechokwadi uye kuvanza: Kudzivirira mashoko pakuwana kana kuti kuvhura kusina mvumo.

Kuwedzera kwemichina yemabasa avose — kubva pamarekodhi outano kusvika kumafaira emitero — kunoita kuti kudzivirirwa pachivande kwakasimba kuve kwakakomba zvikuru — uye kunotonyanya kuoma. — tsum.

Chinetso Chacho Chokuzvidzora: Paunenge Wakasununguka uye Usingatauri Nevamwe

Chinetso chikuru chinomuka nemhaka yokuti kujeka nokuvandika kazhinji kazhinji kunopinza munzira dzakasiyana. Kujeka kwakazara kungada kuratidzira mashoko omunhu oga (sezvinei, miripo yehurumende, vashanyi vanonyandura), nepo kuva woga kwakakwana kungagona kudzivirira kusazvibata mukuona kwavanhu. Denho ndeyokuziva uko mutsetse unofanira kutorwa. Masangano etsika anoverengeka anozivisa iyi nzvero:

  • [[FT:0] Umbariri:[[FT:1] Tsvaka zvakanaka zvikurusa nokuda kwenhamba hurusa. Ikoku kunogona kururamisa kupinda kwakavanzika kana kuchiparira betsero huru dzavanhu (mutoo wokunzvera).
  • Tsika dzetsika: Kusimbisa mabasa namaruramiro. Kuva woga ikodzero huru isingafaniri kutengwa kunyange nokuda kwemiuyo inobetsera.
  • mitoo yakavakirwa pa-mitemo: Kudzikama maruramiro anokwikwidzana() kodzero yevoruzhinji kuziva mukupesana nekodzero yomunhu yokuva woga (kupfurikidza nemitoo inowirirana uye miduku.

Panzvimbo pezvo, anosimbisa kudikanwa kwokutonga mashoko akapoteredza, dziviriro dzapamutemo, uye gakava ravose rinopfuurira.

Kunetseka Kukuru Kunoitwa

  • . Kunzvera: Kuongorora kwehurumende kurukurirano kunogamuchirika sei kudzivisa ugandanga pasina kuparira mugariro wokunzvera?
  • vhura mashoko ehurumende. Kudzoserazve: Kubudisa mashoko asina kuzivikanwa (mutoo, nzendo dzetekisi kana kuti nhamba dzoutano) kunogona kubvumira vanhu kuzivikanwazve, zvikurukuru apo vakabatanidzwa namamwe mashoko.
  • Wistleverss v. department: Kufumura chakaipa kunowanzobatanidza kuzivisa mashoko akarongeka, kumanikidza chisarudzo pakati pokuona nokuganhurirwa kwapamutemo.
  • [ Nhimbe yokuona kwepanhambo nenhambo. chivando chomupi wechakavanzika: vapi vanobvunzi vehurumende kuva vanodzivisa kutora rutivi kana kuti kukoka kunetswa.

Zvidzidzo Zvenhau muTransparency-Privhacy Nexus

Edward Snowden Nezvirango zveNSA

Kubuda kwa2013 kwaEdward Snowden kwakaratidzira gadziriro dzenyika yose dzokunzvera dzakaitwa neNational Security Agency (NSA), iyo yakaunganidza kurukurirano dzemitemo yemafoni yakawanda neInternet kubva kumamirioni avanhu. Vatsigiri vokuona kwapamberi vakataura kuti zvizarudzo zvakanga zvichikosha kuzivisa kurukurirano yavose pamusoro pehurumende pamusoro pomunzveri uye kumanikidza kuchinja zvinhu (kwakadai seUSA Freedom Act (2015), iyo yakagumisa kuunganidzwa kwemitengo yemitengo yemitezo. Vatsigiri vechivande vakanyevera kuti chakavanzika, kunzvera nokusasarura kunoputsa kodzero dzinokosha. Mhaka yacho inoratidza kuti kushatiswa kwechakavanzika kunoratidza kushatiswa kwechakavanzika kunoitwa muzita rochengeteko. [FLT:] Froderation Foundation [FLD:1]

Kunzwa Uine Chirwere Chekutyaira

Pamurakatira wacho, hurumende munyika yose dzakashandisa midziyo yemichina yakarongwa nejekiseni yemakombiyuta nejekiseni yeBluetooth, uye mashandiro outano anoitwa neapps(*.Idzi gadziriro dzakamutsa zvinetso zvemunhu anenge aine chirwere chakakomba: kwaaizochengeterwa mashoko here? Yaizochengetwa kwenguva yakareba sei? Ingagona kugadziridzwa nokuda kwokushandisa kusingashandisi magetsi here? Nyika dzakadai seSouth Korea dzakashandisa kuoneka kwoutsinye nokuparadzirwa kwevanhu vose neposvosvosvosvedzerwa kwema, nepo vamwe (um., Germany, Switzerland) vainetswa, vachishandisa zvivakiso zvokuzivisa.

Macamera Emapurisa

Makamera anonamirwa mumuviri anosimudzirwa sechishandiso chokuzvidavirira chamapurisa kupfurikidza nokurekodha batano navanhu vose. Zvisinei, mibvunzo inomuka pamusoro peapo kupfura kunofanira kubudiswa (muchib., pashure pokunge mukuru mukuru abatanidzwa) achipesana apo anoputsa kuvandika kwanyajambwa, vamiriri, kana kuti vanhu vari mumamiriro ezvinhu akakomba (mhino, kudanidzira kwamasimba masimba omumba). Madhipati emapurisa akawanda akaita mitemo inochinja kwezvakainwa uye akaganhurira kunyoreswa kwavose kuzvinyorwa zvakati, asi kusawirirana. Chino chati chinoratidza kuti kunyange ruzivo rwokuona parukira nokujeka runeirwo runeirwo runogona kuparira zvinetso zvitsva zvokusakurumidza kunetsa kunetsa kunetsa kukanganisa kungwarira.

Midziyo Yepamutemo Neyokutungamirira

Hurumende dzakaita mitemo yokubudisa pachena uye kuva woga.

Rusununguko Rwemashoko Mabasa

ZVIMWE ZVIMWE ZVIMWE ZVINOTAURWA URUMBI: Hurumende inopa vagari vemo kodzero yokukumbira zvinyorwa zvehurumende. Zvinowanzobatanidza kusabvumirwa nokuda kwokuva voga, kuchengeteka kwenyika, kuchengetwa kwomutemo, uye zvakavanzika zvokutengesa. Somuenzaniso, Freedom of Information Act yeU.S. Act (FOIA) inoregerera mashoko angava “kuvhozhozhokera pasina chikonzero.” Chinetso chiri mukushandisa kusava nesonganiro nguva dzose, mamiriro ezvinhu okunze angavaita kuti vavimbe mashoko anonyadzisa panzvimbo pokudzivirira kuva voga kwechokwadi.

Dziviriro Yemashoko Nemitemo Yokuva Woga

Mitemo yakafanana neGDPR muEurope neCalifornia Consumer Ancy Act (CCPA) inogadza maruramiro akavanzika, kubatanidza kuwanwa, ruramiso, kubviswa, uye kuzivikanwa kwemashoko omunhu oga. Iyi mitemo inoisa ganhuriro pamaitirwe ehurumende namakambani ebasa romunhu oga, inoparira rwisano nemitemo inozarurirwa papepa remitemo. Somuenzaniso, kubudisa mapepa omubhadharo wehurumende kungapesana nenheyo dzedziviriro yedata kutoti mashoko anzi anorevedzerwa kana kuti anoruramiswa nefariro yavose yapamutemo.

Kudzikamisa Mitemo

Masimba akasiyana - siyana akaedza kuwiriranisa kujeka uye kuvandika nenhungamiro yakananga:

  • Hurumende Yakazaruka Inotungamirira (U.S., 2009): Yaikurudzira kuzivisa zvinhu payaida masangano kudzivirira mashoko anozivikanwa.
  • [EU’S Open Data Directive (209): inokurudzirazve kushandisa mashoko avose asi inoda kuwirirana nomutemo wedziviriro yemashoko.
  • ’Screensact to Information Act and Ancys Act: Yakagadzirwa kushanda pamwe chete, nokusabvumirwa pachena nokuda kwemashoko omunhu oga kutoti kuzivisa kwaizobatira fariro yavanhu.

Pasinei nezvinoita izvi, mikana inoramba iripo. Kuchinja kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu kwekukurumidza kunoramba kuripo.

Kushanda Kwezvigadzirwa Zvemagetsi Kunoita Kuti Zvive Nengozi

Mubatanidzwa Mukuru uye Kutonga

Hurumende dzinoshandisa nenzira inowedzera mijenya mikuru yezvokunatsa, kuvandudza mabasa, kunzvera, uye kugovera zvinhu. Iyi gadziriro inogona kushanda nenzira yokusangwarira, ichikuita kuti kuve kwakaoma kuvagari vemo kuziva kuti imashokoi anounganidzwa sei uye kuti zvisarudzo zvinosvikwa sei. AIAi Now Institute[ yakaratidza zvinoitika umo gadziriro dzemitemo inoshandiswa mugarikano yavana, chirongwa, uye betsero dzinoparira miuyo inoparira. Kujeka zvikuru pamusoro pemiendwa yemie, mirayiridzo, uye zvisarudzo zviri madikanwa (*) shadislate disclosis realms realgistration prolities kana kuti mashoko anobata pfungwa, uye kugadzira zvizere uko gadziriro inoshandiswa kubetsera kubetsera.

Kuzivisa Mashoko Nengozi Dzokuzvizivisazve

Kubvisa mashoko asina kuzivikanwa inzira inozivikanwa nokuda kwokuona pasina kurasikirwa nokuvandika. Asi nzvero inoratidza kuti kuvanza mashoko kwapachivande hakuna kusimba: Netflix Priceset (2006) yakaitwa kuti ive yakasiyana nokuabatanidza neIMDb giramu, uye zvinyorwa zvezvokurapa zvave zvichizivikanwazve zvichishandisa zvinyorwa zvavose. Robt actut reconformation (majective commonetic system, k-matommatom) iripo asi haisati ichigamuchirwa nenzira yakafanana. Hurumende dzinofanira kuisa muchakavanzika-p purotenzirosero nokuzvidzosa.

Kudzivirira Mashoko Akanyorwa Pachena

Dzimwe hurumende dziri kunzvera nzvimbo dzinonyoresa nyika, kuvhota, uye kugovera ufakazi hwekuoneka. Nepo brestchain ichipa zvinyorwa zvinooneka zvinochinja, inomutsawo nhau dzakavanzika nemhaka yokuti mashoko omutungamiriri wavose ndeenguva dzose uye anooneka kuna vose. Zvigadzikiso zvakafanana nezvibvumikiso zvedoul brickchains zvinogona kudzikamisa udzame, asi izvozvi zvinowedzera denho dzakaoma nedzokudzora.

Mazano Anoshanda Emasangano Okutonga

Kudzikama kunoda zvakawanda kupfuura nheyo dzisina kujeka, dzinoda miitiro chaiyo inoshanda. Hedzino nzira dzinoshanda idzo masangano ehurumende nemasangano anogona kutevera:

Kufurirwa Nevanhu Vane Mufambiro Wavo Woga (PI SHO)

Usati watanga nhano ipi neipi inounganidza kana kuti kuzivisa mashoko omunhu oga, ita PIA kuti uone ngozi dzakavanzika uye kuongorora mitanho yokuzvidzora. Kubudisa pfupi yePIA kunobatsirawo kuona nokuratidza kuti kuva woga kwaifungwa sei.

Tevedzera Muenzaniso Wezviwirira Zvakasungwa

Haasati ari mashoko ose anofanira kuva avose pamwero mumwe chetewo. Dadzira mapoka:

  • Avhura kupfurikidza naakarongwa: Mazita okushanda asingatapurwi, magwaro emitemo, nhamba dzakaregwa.
  • Inoshanda pachikumbiro nezvidziviriro: Tsitsi iyo ingava nezvitatina, zvinobudiswa pashure pokutemerwa kana kuti nemvumo.
  • Tsime yokureurura: iyo ingaparira kuvadziko kuvandika, chengeteko, kana kuti betsero yamakwikwi kana ikazarurirwa.

Shandisa Unyanzvi Hwokushandisa Usiri Wako Woga (PETS)

Shandisa midziyo yakasiyana - siyana (inoshandiswa neCensus Bureau yeU.S. nokuda kweChiverengero cha20), kunyorwa kwemashoko enhema ehomomorphic, kana kuti kuverenga kwakawanda kwakachengeteka kuti ugone kugoverana mashoko nokuaongorora pasina kufumura mashoko ako.

Simbisa Kutarisira Nokuderedza Michina

Masangano anotarisira akasununguka (vakuru vakuru vemitezo yetsika, vanoona nokunaya kwemifungo) anogona kuvimbisa kukakavadzana, kuhwirudzura kusunungurwa, uye kuva nechokwadi chamasangano anotevera mitemo. Vagari vanodawo nzira dzakajeka dzokureverera nadzo kupfurikidza nokudavira kuti zvakavanzika zvavo zvakapunzwa kana kuti chikumbiro chokuona chakarambwa nenzira isina kufanira.

Batanidzira Runako Muzviito Zvinodzivisika

Kuvimba nevanhu kunotangwa nokubatanidzwa. Hurumende dzinofanira kuita kuti zvivako zvemataundi zvive nedzimba, kuongorora, uye kushandisa vatongi vevagari vemo kuongorora tsika dzenzanga pamusoro pokuonana kwemaziso nokuva voga.

Mishumo Yokuongorora Nguva Nenhambo

Masangano anofanira kugara achibudisa mishumo inoratidza pachena kuti aitsanangura nhamba yezvikumbiro zvemashoko, mabatirwo azvakaitwa, kushandiswa kwemasimba okuongorora, uye kusaita zvinhu zvepachivande.

Basa Renzanga Yehurumende Nezvinobudisa Nhau

Vatori venhau, masangano anoongorora, uye nyanzvi dzinoshanda senhevedzo pakati pehurumende nevoruzhinji. Vanoshandisa mitemo yeFOI kuti vafumure uori, vasare simba, uye kazhinji kazhinji vanoshanda sameso avanhu mugadziriro dzisingaoneki. Zvisinei, rwisano dzinogona kumuka: kushuma kungatsamira pamashoko akavanzika anobuda, uye zvisarudzo zvokubudisa zvinofanira kuyera ukoshi hwenhau mukukuvadza vanhu. Masangano enhau echiMedia anowedzera kugamuchira nhungamiro dzetsika dzokubata mashoko omunhu oga, dzakadai savanyajambwa vokusazivisa mhaka dzoutsotsi kana kuti kusabudisa mapikicha emunhu oga pasina kubvumirana.

Zvinetso Zvomunguva Yemberi Zviri Kuuya

Miitiro inoverengeka iri kubuda ichawedzera chinetso chokusagona kuona zviripo:

  • Kunzvera: makamera okuzivikanwa munzvimbo dzavose anopa mano okuchengeta mutemo asi anotyisidzira kusazivikanwa. Mamwe maguta (mutoo, San Francisco, Boston) akarambidza kushandiswa kwawo nehurumende.
  • [ Mvura inopa mipimo yezvinhu zvipenyu: Post-pandemic, hurumende dziri kugadzira gadziriro dzoutano dzakavhengana kuti dzivandudze miuyo. Mubvunzo ndewokuti vagari vemo vachabvuma kugoverana mashoko uye kana dziviriro dzakavanzika dzichava dzakasimba zvakakwana.
  • AI-majee akadzika: Kuwanda kwezvinobudisa nhau kunosekesa chivimbo muufakazi uye kunodenha kuva kwechokwadi kwezvinyorwa. Kudzora kungada mitemo mitsva yokuona pachishandiswa madhigirii (sumo, kusimbisa zviri mukati).
  • Mitemo inofamba pasi pose:[[FLT 1] Sezvo miganhu yemaidi inogura miganhu, rwisano pakati pemiganhu ine mitemo yakasiana-- siyana yakavanzika dzinova dzakakurumbira zvikuru. EU-U.S. Askcy Comficial Frame system iri kuedza kumwe kugonesa kutamiswa, asi inoramba ichikwikwidzana zviri pamutemo.

Mupeto: KuEquilibrium Yedzidziso

Kuona chitarisiko nokuvandika hakushorwi nokusare kwakare, kana kuchipesana. Kana zvichienzaniswa zvakanaka, urongwa hunooneka hunoonekwa sohunowirirana nokuva woga hunowana chivimbo chikuru, uye hurumende inodzivirira pachivande iyo inotsanangura pachena kuti inofunga zvakanaka kungagamuchirwa. Kuisa mhatsa yetsika kunoda kuzvipira kupfuurira, mitemo yakavakirwa paufakazi, uye masangano emitemo ayo ose ane nheyo neanoshanda zvakanaka. Hakuna nzira imwe ichashanda mumativi ose akapoteredza; panzvimbo pezvo, inodzora mitumbi inofanira kutanga [[[FLT:] tsika yokufunga nezvetsika dzetsika dzinoda kupfuurira, dzinotaura zvakajeka uye zvakavanzika zvinowirirana panzvimbo pokushambadzira. Sangoro nezvinokarirwa nezvinobudirira, masangano achabudirira kudzivirira, uye kudzivirira vagari vemo.