Vadzidzi nevadzidzisi vanofanira kuwedzera unyanzvi hwokuongorora zvinowanikwa nemabhuku akasiyana - siyana. Nyaya ino inoongorora zvishandiso zvakasiyana - siyana uye nzira dzokuongorora nadzo kuti mashoko ari paIndaneti anyatsooneka, ichipa mazano anobatsira pakufambisa mashoko.

Zvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo zvakabudisa mashoko edenderedzwa asi zvakaderedzawo mhinganidzo dzokuparadzira nhema. Kubva parondedzero dzemavhairasi okuronga kuti papiwe mashoko anoparadzirwa, kuwanda kwemashoko anonyengera kunoda nzira yakarongeka yokuratidza nayo kuti mashoko acho anoshanda. Nyaya ino inopfuura kuongorora kunokosha kuti ipe nzira dzinoshandiswa, zvinokurudzirwa kushandisa maturusi, uye unyanzvi hwokunzwisisa izvo zvinoita kuti varavi vakwanise kunyatsoongorora mashoko paIndaneti.

Kunzwisisa Kukwanisa Munyika Inogadzira Zvemagetsi

Kugona kunongedzera kukuvimbika uye kuvimbika kwechinhu. Pakuyera mashoko, kunokosha kurangarira zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinoparira kuvimbika kwemanyuko. Izvi zvinhu zvinoumba mavambo enzvero ipi neipi yenzwi uye zvinowirirana nenzvero yeCRAAP yakadzidziswa navose (CRAP, Relevance, Authority, Agconst, Donzo).

Chiremera

Chiremera chinobvunza kuti: Ndiani ari munyori kana kuti sangano riri seri kwamashoko? Tarira zviri kunze kwezvikwaniriso zvomunyori, chikwata, uye nhau yokubudisa. Nokuda kwamasangano, kunzvera kutaura kwaro, manyuko okutsigira, uye miitiro yokunyora. Nyaya youtano inobva mumagazini yezvokurapa ine chiremera chakasiyana kupfuura chimwe chikwata cheadvocacy. Shandisa maturusi akafanana ne Google Schoge Priver kana kuti SP] SP kusimbisa unyanzvi hwomunyori, uye kana muparidzi ari mazera okuona kana kuti ane tsvoka.

Kururama

Ruraviko runoda kuti mashoko atsigirwe noufakazi nemashoko akavimbika. Kutaura kunofanira kusimbiswa kupfurikidza nonongedzero, nongedzero kumanyuko makuru, kana kuti batano kunzvero yapakuvamba. Cross-oker-search nenhamba dzehurumende (g., kubva kumasangano ehurumende) inhano yakasimba. Chenjera misi ishayikwa, kunyanga kwakavanzika se “stadies dzinoratidza,” kana kuti nhamba dzisingabvumiki. Nhevero dzechokwadi dzinonzvera se Snopets uye [FLT:]FLT]FCK].

Kuva Nechinangwa

Kuziva chinhu kunoyera kana zviri mukati zvisina tsvete uye kunopa mirangariro mizhinji. Kunyange manyuko anovimbika anogona kutsamira nenzira imwe, asi zvirimo zvakanakisisa zvinobvuma mirangariro inopesana zvakanaka. Tarira nokuda kwomutauro unoratidzira kusasarura: kurukurirano yakadzikama yezviito nezvakaipa, kuziviswa kwerwisano dzefariro, uye kudzivisa mashoko anopfutanhamisa. MaMedia Bias/FC check

Mari

Mari ndiyo inotema kana mashoko acho apera kana kuti akakodzera. Nhevedzai minda inokurumidza kubviswa yakadai soruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, mishonga, kana kuti zvematongerwe enyika, nguva yakakomba. Nzvera misi yokubudiswa, matanda okudzokororwa, uye kuvandudzwa kwenongedzero. Nyaya ya2018 pamusoro peCOVID-19 ichava yechinyakare zvine ngozi. Misoro yakasvibira, mari inosara iri pasi, asi nguva dzose cherechedza musi wokudzivisa kutora mashoko echinyakare.

Peji

Nyaya yakakwana ichakurukura kuti zvinhu zvipi, ganhuriro, uye mamwe maonere. Enzanisa nokubatanidza mumamwe manyuko akawanda. Kana manyuko achingopa rutivi rumwe chete pasina kubvumirana, kuvimbika kwawo kunopanikirika kunyange kana maidi akwo akarurama.

Chinetso Chokusaziva Nokusazivisa

Misformation (nhema dzisingafungidzirwi) uye kusanzwisisa mashoko (kunyengera kwepfungwa) zvapararira. 2021 Pew Research Center yakawana kuti 64% yavakuru vanodavira kuti nhau dzenhau dzakagadzirwa dzinoparira “kuvhiringidzika kukuru” kwemaidi makuru. Chinetso chinowedzerwa nemitemo inoisa kuvimbisa kururama, kuchitungamirira kukudzokororwa. Kunzwisisa zvimiro zvendangariro zvakadai sokutsigira, muuyo wezvokwadi yenhema, uye kurangarira kunonyandura kunotsanangura chikonzero nei mashoko enhema achipararira nyore kwazvo.

Somuenzaniso, “muuyo wezvokwadi” unoreva kuti kuva pachena kunodzokororwazve kukutaura kwenhema kunokuita kuti kunzwe kwakarurama zvikuru munguva inosvika. Idi rokunzvera roga kungasava kwakakwana; vadzidzisi vanofanira kudzidzisa vadzidzi kuziva nokudzivisa idzi mhinganidzo dzoruzivo. ... Santford History Education Group [ yakavamba zvikurukuru kurangarira kwevagari vemo kwepakombiyuta, kusimbisa ukoshi hwokurava kwapashure(kubvisa website yepamberi kuti inzverevi yekunzvera kuvimbika kwayo kupfurikidza namanyuko okunze panzvimbo pokugara papeji.

Mabhuku Okushandisa Mashoko apaInternet

Maturusi aya anobatsira kuona kuti mashoko ari paIndaneti ndeechokwadi.

Mawebsite Anoongorora Chokwadi

Mawebsite anoongorora chokwadi anokosha kuti aone kana zviri kutemwa uye kuti mashoko akarurama sei. Mamwe masangano anoongorora chokwadi anozivikanwa anosanganisira:

  • [FLT]Snopes:[[FT:3] Nzvimbo inosanozivikanwa inonzvera runyerekupe, ngano dzomumaguta, uye vhairasi. Inopa nzvero nemheteko, miraudzo yezvirevo kubva pa “Zvechokwadi” kusvikira ku“nhema” nechinhu chiri chose pakati.
  • [FLT]FACCC.org: Chirongwa cheANNCER Public Policy Center icho chinotarira ururami hwechokwadi hwemashoko akaitwa nevezvamatongerwe enyika, kushambadzira, uye nhau dzinobudiswa. Chinopa kuputsika kwakajeka kwematauriro anowirirana nouchapupu.
  • [[NHAU][[FLT:][1] POLITIFY
  • Truthotion : inoreva uchokwadi hwekutaura kwakasiana - siana kunotenderera paIndaneti, zvikurukuru uko kunoparadzirwa neemail uye namasangano. Nzvimbo ino inobetsera kubvisa nhema dzevhairasi.
  • [Nhau 1] [[FLT]] Inoshandisa mubatanidzwa weidi neruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu (kubatanidza AI) kuziva kugadziridza nhau dzenhema. Ndiyo imwe yepurogiramu yeFacebook Third-PartyCheck.

Mapedzi eshopu

Kuwedzera kwebhukwana kunogona kuwedzera mano okuyera patsva paInternet. Kuwedzera kunobatsira kunosanganisira:

Zvishandiso Zvinotsigira Kutsvaka

Kana tisingachaedzisi mapepa, maturusi akawanda paIndaneti anobatsira kuongorora kuti zvinhu zvacho ndezvechokwadi:

  • Dzvenisa Kutsvaka Mufananidzo (Imifananidzo yeGoogle, Tineye, Yandex): Shandisa izvozvi kuwana manyuko apakuvamba emufananidzo, ona kana wakashatiswa, kana kuti kusarudza kana uri kushandiswa kunze kwamashoko akapoteredza.
  • Wayback Machini (arch.org): Anobvumira kunzvera zvinyorwa zvenhau zvamapeji ewebhu kuona kana zviri mukati zvachinja, uko kunobetsera nokuda kwokubvisa kutaura kunovimba noufakazi hwakabviswa.
  • Whois Aspeap (umh., whis.icann.org): Kuzivisa udzame hwekunyoresa kwenzvimbo, kubetsera kuziva sangano riri seri kwewebsite. Nzvimbo dzinonyorwa kana kuti dzisingazivikanwi dzinogona kuva mireza mitsvuku.
  • Kudzikisa[ (wokuna vhidhiyo): Mabasa akafanana Kudzikisa kunobetsera kunzvera mitauro yemitemo na manyuko nokuda kwamavhidhiyo.

Zvirongwa Zvokuongorora Kunaka Kwezvinhu

Mukuwedzera kukushandisa maturusi, kune nzira dzinoverengeka idzo vadzidzisi navadzidzi vanogona kushandisa kunzvera kutendeseka kwamashoko nenzira inobudirira.

Nyatsoongorora Munyori Wacho

Nzvera zvikwaniriso zvomunyori namano munhau. Nzvera maAnconsed In, rondedzero dzedzidzo, kana kuti zvinyorwa. Ngwarira vanyori vasina chinyorwa chenhau kana kuti avo vanonyora vachigura minda mizhinji yakasiyana. Nokuda kwamasangano, tsvaka mabhodhi enhau, mari inoiswa pachena, uye mashoko ebasa. Nzvimbo isingarongi chikwata chenhau kana kuti mashoko anofanira kumutsa nyumwiro.

Kurava Kwapashure

Kurava kwomunguva yemberi inzira inoshandiswa navanonzvera maidi vano unyanzvi. Panzvimbo pokurambira pawebsite kuinzvera, unovhura matebhisi matsva kuti utsvake mashoko pamusoro penzvimbo yacho, munyori wayo, uye zvainotaura. Somuenzaniso, kana ukawana nyaya ichitaura kuti “zvinoparira auticism,” haungoravi nyaya yacho; unotsvaka manyuko anozvimiririra panhau imwe cheteyo yakakurumbira uye tsvaka kuongororwa kwewebsite yokutanga. Iyi nzira inokurumidza kuzivisa kushata, tsveyamisa pfungwa, uye kubvumirana.

Muchitsauko-chekedza mashoko

Tsvaka manyuko anotsigira kubvumikisa kutaura kwakataurwa muzviri mukati. Manyuko mamwe, pasinei hapo kuti ane chiremera sei, anogona kuva nezvikanganiso. Wana anenge manyuko maviri akazvimirira ayo anosimbisa kutaura kweidi guru. Kana kutaura kunooneka bedzi panzvimbo imwe isina kujeka kana kuti kunotenderera zvikuru pasina kushata kwapakuvamba, sezvingabvira ndekwenhema.

Ongorora Nzvimbo Yakanyorwa Nyaya Yewebhu Nemagadzirirwo Ayo

Rangarira magadzirirwo ose, chinangwa, uye mukurumbira wewebsite yacho. Nzvimbo inoguma nekwakakodzera here? (Nharirira nzvimbo dzinonyengera dzapamusoro-pasi se .co.co inovavarirwa kutevedzera nzvimbo dzepamutemo). Tarira nokuda kwe “Awasu” uye“ mapeji” kana asina kujeka kana kuti asina, nzvimbo yacho haioneki. Nzvera purogiramu yechivande namashoko ebasa. Zvishamiso, kushambadzira kwakawanda, uye misoro yenhau dzinoorora mireza mitsvuku. Shandisa matururo se

Nzvera Nongedzero Namanyuko

Ongorora mashoko ari mumashoko akanyorwa kuti aone kana akavimbika. Zvikamu zviri mumagazini anoonekwazve nevezera rako here, mishumo yehurumende, kana kuti masangano enhau ane mukurumbira wakanaka? Kana kuti zvinobatanidza mamwe mawebsite, mahombe, kana kuti mawebsite asingazivikanwi? Kana nyaya yacho ichitaura nezvemazita epakutanga asi isingaipi mashoko epakutanga, haiipi mubvunzo.

Tsvaka Kuongorora Kunonetsa uye Kuongorora Kwechikamu Chechitatu

Tsvaka hwirudzuro kana kuti zvinyorwa zvamashoko anobva mumanyuko akavimbika. Somuenzaniso, pepa resayenzi rinomutsa nharo ringanyorwa mumitemo yapaIndaneti navamwe vasayendisiti, vatambi venhau, kana kuti mashoko ehurumende kubva kumasangano enyanzvi. Shandisa nzvimbo dzakadai se Retugate Watch kuti uone kana fundo yadzikwa. Kunzvera kana manyuko akarongwa munzvero dzezvinhu zvitema anochengetwa navacheki veidi (mie., [[FLT:]]] Deas Bias/FC [FLT]] Acke [[FLT:]]] murongedzero wenhekero dzechirongwa) kunogona kuchengetedza nguva.

Kuzvinyima Zvinooneka: Mifananidzo namavhidhiyo

Majee nemifananidzo yakashandiswa zvinowedzera. Pakuyera mufananidzo, shandisa kunzvera kwokudzokera shure kuti uwane shanduro dzapakuvamba. Nzvera kusawirirana muchiedza, mimvuri, uye mitanhamari (shandisa midziyo se ] Exif Tool[]). Nokuda kwemavhidhiyo, nzvera rondedzero, isa musi, uye manyuko enzira. Tarira zviratidzo zvokuronga, zvakadai sokusvetuka muzvinonzwika kana kuti zvokuona zvisingawirirani.

Kudzidzisa Kukodzera: Kusvika kwose

Kushandisa kuvimbika paIndaneti hachisi chidzidzo chimwe asi mukwikwidzano wezvikoro zvechikoro. Zvikoro zvinofanira kuibatanidza kuva zvidzidzo kubva pafundo dzenzanga kusvika kusayenzi yeChirungu. ...Santford History Education Group (SHEG) yakagadzira zvinhu zvinodzidzisa vadzidzi kuyera manyuko ezviteshi zvemasangano, zvinotsigirwa, uye migumisiro yokutsvaka. Kurovedza kunoshanda kunofanira kuita kuti vadzidzi vaongorore website yehomwe dzidzo uye vaedzere zvirongwa zvavo nemitoo yemaidi.

Maraibhurari anoita basa guru muuyu murayiridzo. Vanogona kupinza vadzidzi mumasero edzidzo, ayo anogovera mashoko asati anyorwa, uye kudzidzisa musiyano pakati pokunzvera kwapazati peseji nezviwanikwa zveraibhurari. Kubatanidza kurava nokunyora mashoko nemabhuku nemabhuku kunosimbisa kuti vadzidzi havangowani mashoko asi kuti vanzwisise mashoko akapoteredza, kunyora, uye chiremera.

Nokuda kwavadzidzisi, kufambira mberi kwenyanzvi pakunyora nhau kunowanika mumasangano akafanana ne Project yescription ne Merter for News Literacy. Zvirongwa izvi zvinopa zvidzidzo, mibato yekirasi, uye marucic akanyatsogadzirirwa kuyera kuvimbika.

Zvinetso Zvinokosha: Masangano Ezvemagariro, Mabheji Okutaura Nezvemanyuko, uye Manetwork Asina Kururama

Zvikamu zvemapepanhau zvinodavirwa zviteshi zvikuru zvenhau nokuda kwokusanzwa mashoko okusachena nemhaka yokukudziridza maatomu. Zvisakiso zvimwe chetezvo zvemirangariro zvinoita kuti post echroup zviitewo bviro huru kuva zvenhema(inonzi “kunyengera kwenhema”. [[FLT:] 2018 kufunda mu [FLT]SC] Scence[ [FLT]] [FLT]] yakawana kuti mashoko enhema apararira zvikuru, nokukurumidza, uye kupfuura mashoko echokwadi paTwi.

Kuti vashandise zvinobudisa nhau, vanoshandisa vanofanira:

  • Ongorora nhoroondo yeakatanga kunyora uye kuti aiva akadini.
  • Tsvaka kuvimbisana kunoitwa nemadziro anoratidzika seakazara nemhepo (mabhonzo anowanzoda uye anogoverana asingadikanwi).
  • Shandisa zvishandiso zvokushuma zviri pachikuva kuratidzira mashoko asiri iwo anofungidzirwa.
  • Verenga usingaverengi musoro mukuru wenyaya yacho; kutaura kwenhema kwakawanda kunobva pamisoro yenhau inotevedzana inopesana nenyaya yacho.

Makamuri eechocho( `screenvirons) umo vashandisi vanosangana namashoko anofadza bedzi", further entrench zvitendero zvenhema. Kubvisa iwawa kunoda nhamburiko dzamaune kuzviratidzira umene kuuwandu hwezvakakwirira, mirangariro yakasiana. Mabhukwana anokuwedzera se Kurava Mhete-Aisle kunogona kubetsera, asi kufunga kwakakomba pakupedzisira ndiko mushonga wakanakisisa.

Basa Rounyanzvi Husina Mazano (OSINT)

Ufakazi hwakakwirira hunoshandiswa navanyori venhau navanzveri hunowedzera kusvika kuvadzidzi. mitoo yeOSINT inobatanidza nzvimbo dzinoiswa (kuzivisa apo mufananidzo wakatorwa uchishandisa zviratidzo), chronopation (nguva nenzvero yemimvuri), uye nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa nevemagariro avanhu dzinoshandiswa. Nepo izvi zvichida kurovedzwa, kunyange miitiro mikuru yeOSINT . "NHAU yokutsvaka nzvimbo yemifananidzo paGoogle Message/acan inodzidziswa mumakirasi okudzidza kurava nokunyora pachikoro chapamusoro. Belling cat

Nguva Yemberi Yokuedzwa Kusingabviri: A, Blockchain, uye Kuiswa Panzvimbo Yakarurama

Unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu hunovimbisa nzira itsva dzokuyera nadzo mashoko paIndaneti. Ungwaru hwekugadzira huri kushandiswa kucherekedza materu akadzika uye mashoko okugadzira kupfurikidza nokuratidzira (g., Credients[] kubva kuContation for Contemponence and Truth). Masangano akadai se `CHP] anoita marekodheti emavambo echifanani uye kugadziridzwa kwenhau. Zvisinei, izvi zvinhu hazvisi zvoupenzi uye zvinogona kukanganiswa.

Mipimo yakafanana ne [[NHAU] JONOMIS] Trust Initive (JTI) chinangwa chokugadzira gadziriro yegweta retsoro renhau dzinovimbwa dzakavakirwa pakujeka netsika. Sezvo idzi nhano dzinokura, vashandisi vachava nezvirongwa zvakazvimirira zvokuvimba nazvo.

mhedziso

Kuongorora kuti mashoko ari paIndaneti akavimbika unyanzvi hunokosha mumashandisiro enzvimbo dzemakombiyuta anhasi. Nokushandisa maturusi akasiyana- siyana kuongorora nzvimbo dzemafact, kufutunura, kushandura mifananidzo, uye kushandisa nzira dzinoshanda(kuverenga nokuverenga, kuongorora, kujeka, kujeka kwemashoko nevadzidzisi vanogona kushandisa mashoko akawanda nechivimbo. Kukudziridza unyanzvi uhwu hakuzongova kuvandudza dzidzo chete asi kusimudzirawo kuva mugari wemunyika inowedzera kuoma kunzwisisa.

Kukwanisa kuparadzanisa chokwadi nenhema, ufakazi hwakavimbika kubva pakusava nechokwadi kunogadzirwa, uye manyuko akavimbika kubva kuvakanyengerwa zvichida unyanzvi hunokosha zvikurusa hwokupukunyuka muzana ramakore rechi 21. Nyaya ino yakagovera mepu; kuishandisa kunoda muitiro, kupfuurira, uye kudisa kupanikira chinhu chiri chose. Sezvo mhoteredzo yamashoko inopfuurira kuva inochinja, saizvozvowo mitoo yedu yokuyera. Kutanga kushandisa aya maturusi namazano kuti ive mutengi wamashoko anova anowirirana zvikuru uye anotsoropodza.