Nheyo Yemitemo Neyapamutemo Yokuongorora Kwemasangano

Kutonga kweCongress kunowana chiremera chako muChikamu I cheBumbiro reMitemo, chinopa Congress simba rokunzvera serutivi rwomuzvarirwo rwebasa remitemo. Dare Gurusa rakasimbisa iri simba rokufeyafeya muzviitiko zvinooneka zvakadai se Mcrain v. [Dherty (1927)] na[FLT:] [[FLT]]] Watns v. United States (1957) [1957], inosimbisa kuti Congress ingamanikidza chipupuriro nechikumbiro apo anoronda donzo remitemo yemitemo yemitemo. Irongedzero, apo hurumende inoisa nzvimbo huru pamusoro peshatiso, chengetedzo yechisiko, uye dziviriro dzoutano mumitengo yavose pasi peMitemo yePrence, Acts Acts Act, Actives, and Activementmentment, (Active).

Matare eCongress anoshanda kupfurikidza nechirongwa chehurumende chinoisa tarisiro yemhoteredzo kumativi akati. Dare reDare reNzvimbo nePublic Works neHouse Committee on Energy and Committee inoshanda senzvimbo huru nokuda kwokunzwa kwengwavaira yemhoteredzo. Matare aya anochengeta masimba maduku, anoshandisa vashandi vanodzidzira kuongorora, uye anoshandira pamwe neHurumende yeMatare Authority Authority Office (GAO) neCongregational Research Service Service (CRS) kuti aongorore. Iyi imba inogonesa Kuongorora kwakakwana kugona kunetsa kuongorora kukuva chinhu chimwe kana kuti chinhu chako chako kuti chishandukire.

Gadziriro yeDare Nezvisviko Zvokutonga

Gadziriro yedare inobvumira kuti dare rikamuranise basa guru rokutarisira mhoteredzo kuva zvikamu zvinotarisirwa. Masangano echikamu cheseri akanangidzira ngwariro pamvura, zvinhu zvine chepfu, kuchengetedzwa kwemhuka, uye kugadzirwa kwesimba kunogara kuchiita kuti vanhu vanzwe zvinoda mhando dzenjodzi dzakati. Somuenzaniso, Konquisi yePubsettee on Oversly and Investigation muHouse Energy and Committenment Committee inoita kuti pave nokunzwa kwakawanda pamusoro pekutemwa kwemakemikoro, kukundikana kwemichina, uye kunwa mvura yakasvibiswa. Uku kunokosha inova nechokwadi chokuti nhengo dzive nounyanzvi hunokwana kubvunza mibvunzo uye kupupurira zvinopikiswa nenzira inobudirira.

Zvigaro zvedare zvine chiremera chikuru chokugadza zvirongwa zvokunzwa, mapepa enhau, uye zvinhu zvokunzvera zvakananga. Vashandi veBpartisan vanowanzotangira kunzvera kutonga kwavanhu pavhiki kana mwedzi, kuunganidza magwaro, kubvunzurudza zvapupu, uye kugadzirira zvinhu zvipfupi. Hofisi yeMatare [[FLT: 1] inowanzobetsera idzi nhamburiko kupfurikidza nokubudisa zvinyorwa zvamagariro avanhu uye zvinyorwa zvesayenzi zvinozivisa mitezo yedare nevoruzhinji.

Kusatongwa Kunoitwa Kunoitwa Kunoumbwa Nemasangano Pamusoro Penjodzi Dzemhoteredzo

Kutenderera kwoupenyu kwokuteerera mhoteredzo kwedare kunotevera muitiro wakarongeka asi unochinjika wakarongedzerwa kujekesa kupenya nepo uchibvumirana nokuoma kwenhau dzesayenzi nedzokutungamirira.

Kugadzirira Nokuongorora Kunongonzwa

Zvapupu zvisati zvapika, vashandi vedare vanoshandisa nguva inokosha mukukumbira magwaro, kukumbira zvirongwa, uye kubvunzurudza zvisina kurongwa. Varidzi vemijeri vangakumbira tsamba, mishumo yomukati, zvinyorwa zvekotsekano, uye matanda okukurukurirana kubva kukambani ine mutoro, masangano ehurumende akadai seEvironmental Protection Agency (EPA) kana kuti Dhipatimendi reProfection, uye hurumende nezviremera zvomunharaunda. Iyi nguva zhinji kazhinji kazhinji inobudisa kusawirirana pakati pemashoko avose nekurukurirano dzomukati, izvo zvinova mikana mikuru yokubvunzurudza mukati mekutongwa navose.

Mushandi anobvunzawo masayendisiti akazvimirira, vanzveri vedzidzo, uye masangano asiri ehurumende kuti anzwisise uwandu hwenjodzi. Somuenzaniso, kutemwa kwechakavanzika chekemikoro kungabatanidza nyanzvi dzechepfu, nyanzvi dzemvura, uye nyanzvi dzezvipukanana dzinobetsera mitezo yedare kunzwisisa mamiriro etsvina netapuro dzayo dzinobvira. Iyi rondedzero inhau dzakavanzika dzakavanzika zvikuru uye hadzina kujekeswa, izvo zvinobvumira masayendisiti kutaura nenzira yakananga.

Kusarudza Uchapupu Nesimba Rinoiswa Pamupumburu

Kusarudzwa kwezvapupu chimwe chezvisarudzo zvinokosha zvikurusa zvinoitwa nedare.Kazhinji kazhinji, boka revoruzhinji nebato duku rimwe nerimwe rinokarakadza zvapupu, kunyange zvazvo chigaro chacho chine chiremera chokupedzisira. Zvapupu zvinowanzobatanidza:

  • [ Vatungamiriri veCorpocate vanobva kusangano rine mutoro wengwavaira yacho
  • [ Garadziro nehurumende dzinotarisira indasitiri yakakodzera
  • Academic uye masayendisiti akazvimirira anogona kutsanangura zvinhu chaizvoizvo zvoruzivo
  • Varevereri vekommony netapurwa navagari vemo avo vanogovera nhauro dzakazvionera dzekuvadziko
  • Vavhimi [ vangava nezivo yomukati yemiitiro isina kukotsekana

Apo zvapupu zvinoramba kuoneka nokuzvidira, matare angapa chipupuriro chawo. Nepo kuchengetwa kwechikamu chiduku chehurumende pakupedzisira kuchida kuzvidza kurayira kweDare nokupomera kunobvira kunoitwa neBato roRuramisiro, tyisidzirowo zvayo yemiuyo yapamutemo kazhinji kazhinji yakakwana kuchengetedza batira pamwe. Makambani anotarisana nokunzverwa kwapachena haawanzotyisidzira kuziviswa kwakaipa kwehondo duku yepo.

Zuva Rokunzwa: Kuumbwa uye Kuitwa

Kunzwa ngwavaira chaikoiko kwemhoteredzo kunovamba nokutaura kwokuzarura kunobva pachigaro chedare nomutezo wakakwirira, kuchiteverwa nemimwe mitezo inoshuva kutsinhira. aya mashoko anoonesa murangariro mumwe nomumwe pangwavaira yacho, zvisakiso zvayo, uye muitiro unochinja kutevera. Chigaro ipapo chinopika muzvapupu pamwe chete, uye chapupu chimwe nechimwe chinopa kutaura kwokuzarura kwakarongwa, kazhinji kazhinji kunotora maminiti mashanu kusvikira kugumi.

Chikamu chemibvunzo nemhinduro chinoumba manyuko enzwi. Mitezo inogamuchira mitsetse mishanu miduku (kazhinji kazhinji yakaderedzwa kusvikira kumaminiti matatu nokuda kwokunzwa kwedare duku) mukati maingabvunza uchapupu hupi nohupi. Iyi purogiramu inoparira tsinhano inokurumidza, yemhesano inogona kuratidzira pakati pemashoko ouchapupu noufakazi hwechinyorwa. Vabvunzi vane unyanzvi vanoshandisa mutauro wakananga, magwaro enongedzero, uye zvapupu zvepini kumhinduro kuna hungu kana kuti kwete izvo zvine miuyo yapamutemo neyavose.

Minzwa inowanzobatanidza kadhi rechipiri apo boka rokutanga rinenge rine madzoresa kana kuti nyanzvi uye boka rechipiri rinoratidzira mitezo yenzanga kana kuti vanoridza mhete. Uku kuparadzana kunobvumira dare kutanga kutanga kutanga nheyo yeidi nenhungamiro risati ranzwa zvakananga kubva kune avo vanotapurwa.

Zviito Nemishumo Zvinonzwa Pashure

Kana kutonga kwapera, dare ringaita zviito zvinoverengeka zvinoteverwa. Izvi zvinobatanidza kupa mushumo wepamutemo nezviwanwa nerumbidzo, kunongedzera ufakazi kuBato reRugare nokuda kwokunzvera kwoutsotsi, kana kuti kutanga mutemo uyo unokurukura misiyano mumutemo uripo. Matare kazhinji kazhinji anoitisa kunzwa kwokuwedzera kupinza zvakadzika zvikuru munhau dzakafukunurwa mukati mekutanga. Conrever.gov[FLM]]

Chinosarira zvikurusa chekutongwa kazhinji kazhinji ndiwo mutauro unonyandura. Mitezo yeDare nevashandi vayo vanoshandisa chipupuriro nokuratidzira gadziriro dzourongwa hwemitemo iyo inosimbisa zviremera zvokudzikamisa zvinosimbisa, kuwedzera zvirango nokuda kwokuputsa, kana kuti kuraira unyanzvi hutsva hwokudzivirira. Urongwa ihwohwu hungabatanidzwa muzvikwereti zvemitemo kana kuti kubatanidzwa sezvibvumirano zvokurega kubvumira mutemo wakadai sezvikwereti zvokupeta.

Njodzi Dzakakomba Dzemhoteredzo Dzakakanganiswa Mukutonga Kwechechi

Nhau yokudzora mhoteredzo yeAmerica inodzorwa nengwavaira idzo dzakanyandura nzvero huru yemisangano.

Chipikiri Chokuvheneka Kweoiri Chomumvura Yakadzikira (200)

Pana April 20, 2010, dare reDeep Water Horiyon rakatanga kugadzira jini rejecha muGulf of Mexico, richiuraya vashandi vane gumi nomumwe uye richibudisa madhiramu anofungidzirwa kuva mamiriyoni 4,9 eoiri isina kugadzirwa mumazuva 87.

Uku kunzwa kwakabudisa miuyo mizhinji. BP#8217; CEO yakatarisana nebvunzurudzo yavose iyo yakafumura nzanga ̱ inoita kuti zviteshi zvitengwe zvekotsekano nemitemo yokudzivirira njodzi isingakwani. Dare rakazivisa kuti BOEMRE yakanga yatambura nerwisano yemhindu, kuva akanga ane mutoro wezvose zviri zviviri kuronga mvumo nokuunganidza mari yapamutemo. Uku kuwana kwakananga kwakatungamirira kukuvandudzwazve uko kwakaparadzanisa sangano ̱ kushanda nokuchengetwa kwebasa rarongedzero. Mitezo yokuwana yakagoverawo chipupuriro chakakomba chakaumba RESTE Act yeRGUFUFUF.

Chinetso Chemvura Yakaoma (204 - 2016)

Kushatiswa kwemutobvu weFlint, Michigan ̱ mvura yokunwa inomira seimwe yetsananguro hurusa dzoutano hwavanhu munhau yazvino uno yeAmerica. Pashure pokunge guta rachinja manyuko aro emvura kuRwizi rweFlint muna 2014 pasina kudzorwa kwakafanira kwokufamba, kunotungamirira kubva papombi dzokukwegura kuenda kugoverwa kwemvura. Mirganization yakananga pazvisarudzo zvakaitwa neMichigan Department of Environmental Secuty, EPA&817; kukundikana kupindira, uye maneja weyamupidhi weyamu yeyamu yeyamu yeyamu yeyamu yeyati yeyati yeyamu yeyati yeyamu yeyamu yeyamu yeyadhi yeyadhi.

Flint ’ kunzwa kwakaratidzira simba rouchapupu rokupa kutambura kwavanhu. Nguva dzinoyeukwa zvikurusa dzakaratidzira vagari veFlint vakatakura mabhodhoro emvura tsvuku uye kurondedzera tapuro dzoutano pavana vavo. Dr. Mona Hanna-Attisha, chiremba wevana wokutanga akatanga batano pakati paFlint’ mvura nemwero yakakwirira yeropa, zvakagovera chipupuriro chesayenzi chinopesana nezvinoramba pamutemo. Uku kunzwa kwakagovera kukuvadziko yehurumende uye kukwidziridzwa kwehurumende, murairo wokuda kutsiviwa kwepiya, uye kugoverwa kwamamirioni emamiriyoni emadhora emadhora ehurumende nokuda kwokugadziriswa kwemibato yeropa uye mabasa outano.

Chigunwe chaMambo Wendarama

Muna August 2015, EPA inoshanda paGold King Mune yakasiyiwa muColorado yakaputsa madhamu, ichibudisa magiramu mamiriyoni matatu emvura inobudiswa neasidhi ine simbi dzinorema muRwizi rweAnimas. Maorenji akajeka akafamba nomuColorado, New Mexico, Utah, uye Navajo, kuparadzwa kwevaraidzo nemvura yokurima zvinoshandiswa. Mitemo yeCongrangery yakaongorora EPA̱ vatarisiri venzvimbo yeSuperfunction, Kotation ̱ vakundi vaidzoresa kutevera gadziriro dzinotenderwa dzegadziriro dzegadziriro yezvokugadzira zvinhu zvekurumidzira.

Gadziriro dzeGold King dzakasimbisa kusawirirana pakati pemitoro yehurumende yokuchenesa netapuro dzomunzvimbomo. Mitezo yeCongress inobva kunyika dzakatapurwa yakadzvinyirira vadzori veEPA pamusoro pemibairo yemari yezvokushanya yakarasika nemisengwa yenhambo refu. Kunzwa kwakazivisawo kuti EPA yakanga yatsausa vanhu pamusoro pezivo yayo pamusoro pechimbambaira chamahro ’ kusagadzikana pamberi pokudeuka. Iyi revo yakaderedza chivimbo musangano uye yakatungamirira kukuchinjwa kwamashandisirwe enzvimbo dzinofambiswa zvikuru uye nzira mashoko anogoverwa nayo nenzanga dzinodzorwa pasi.

Kufora Kwemavirazuva ePalestine (2023)

Pana February 3, 2023, chitima chezvitoro cheNorfolk kuMadokero chine makemikoro ane ngozi akabviswa muEast Palestine, Ohio, achiparira moto nokubudiswa kwevinyl chloride. Kunzwa kwedare kwakanzvera injini yenjanji ’ miitiro yokuzvidzivirira, basa rokunzvera nzira nerokukurumidzira rakaitwa namasangano ehurumende nehurumende. Kunzwa kwakakwevera ngwariro kuindasitiri yenjanji ̱ inodhura mari inodzorwa nechitima chakarongwa nenzira yakarurama uye kuderera kunoguma kwemiuyo yekotsengaridzo yenzira nechengeteko.

Zviitiko izvi zvakatochinja mashandiro azvo. Railway Safety Act ya2023, yakatangwa mumakamuri ose ari maviri, inosanganisira gadziriro dzinoda kugadziridzwa kwemotokari dzemotokari dzemotokari, zvinodiwa zvokupa mashoko zvakasimba kwazvo nokuda kwokutumirwa kwezvinhu zvine ngozi, uye zvirango zvakawedzerwa zvokuputswa kwenjodzi. Kutongwa kwacho kwakamanikidzawo EPA neDhipatimendi Rezvokufambisa kuti vavandudze kufambidzana kwemakemikoro uye kuti vape nhungamiro yakajeka pamusoro pokuti apo zviratidzo zvokubuda zvinofanira kupiwa.

Kuchinja Kunokonzerwa Nokunzwa Kwomutemo

Kunyange zvazvo kunzwa kwoga kusingagoni kuita kuti mitemo iteererwe, kunoita kuti mamiriro ezvinhu ezvematongerwe enyika achinje nokubudisa kudzvinyirira kwevanhu, kubudisa kukundikana kwehurumende, uye kupa chirongwa chokutarisira mitemo.

Kupindura Kwomutemo

Nzeve dzenjodzi dzemhoteredzo dzakaumba zvakananga mitemo yakasiyana - siyana yakatanhamara. Oiri Pombition Act ya1990, yakapfuudzwa mukupindura kurasika kweExxon Valdez, yakabuda munzwi dzakapa uchapupu hwemikaha mumhinduro yeoiri yaishandiswa, ganhuriro, uye mipimo yokudzivirira. Genean Water Act inobatanidza kugadziriswa kwegadziriro dzemunyu dzepasi dzakaedzwa nokunatswa kupfurikidza nokutarisirwa kwengwavaira dzapakuvamba. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, Mvura yeInfrablicture Reformations Refections for the Nations for the National (WIN) Act ya2016 yakabatanidza kudzorwa kwemuto wokutsiva mapaipi nechimiro chemvura, gadziriro dzakakura zvakananga kubva kuFlints.

Mibvunzo inosundawo zvibvumikiso zvepurogiramu chaidzo dzokuchenesa. Pashure peDeewater Horizon yakabvumira Resources neEcosystems Sustainability, Tourist Marves, uye Economistd Econverived Economies of the Gulf Coast States (RESTE) Act, iyo yakatungamirira 80 muzana yeChirango cheChreater Water Act kuRulf Coast. Iyi gadziriro yokutsigira mari yaizodaingadai yave ive ichishanda mune zvematongerwe enyika pasina chinyorwa chikuru chokunzwa chinoteuka ̱ kushata kweukama hwezvinhu zvipenyu nehuko.

Kutarisira Nokuzvidavirira

Kubva pamitemo, dare ringashanda sechishandiso chokutarisira sangano riri kupfuurira. zvigaro zveDare zvinogona kurayira kuti EPA, Department of the Interior, kana kuti Department of Justice zvipedze kugadziridzwa kwenguva dzose pamusoro pezviito zvokuita kuti mutemo utevedzerwe, uye kugadziriswa.

EPA PAPA #8217; gadziriro yokuita kuti vanhu vave vapamutemo yakaumbwa zvikuru nengwariro yesangano. Apo kunzwa kunozivisa kuti sangano rakundikana kuronda kuputsa kana kuti rakaisa zvirango zviduku zvikuru zvokudzivisa kusazvibata, mitezo yeCongress inogona kushandisa muitiro wokuwedzera mari yevashandi kana kuti kuganhurira sangano ’ mano okupedza nhau nokuda kwemari shomanene kupfuura mutengo wokuteerera. Iyi fiscal girancarage inopa meno chaidzoidzoidzoidzo chaidzoidzo kunyange apo mutemo mutsva usingapfuuri.

Miganhu Nokutsoropodza Kwekutonga Kwemasangano

Pasinei nesimba radzo, kutemwa kwedare kune zvakunonyanya kunyorwa zvinoderedza kubudirira kwaro mukugadzirisa njodzi dzemhoteredzo. Kunzwisisa zviri pakati nepakati zvinhu izvi zvinodzitadzisa kuita basa kunokosha pakuongorora kana kutarisira kuchikwanisa kuita zvinangwa zvakwo.

Kuparadzana Nenzvimbo Yemitambo Yezvamatongerwe Enyika

Mibvunzo inoratidzira nenzira inowedzera kupesana kwematongerwe enyika eAmerica azvino uno. Mitezo yeDare ingashandisa nguva yavo yokubvunza kuwana mapfundo ezvamatongerwe enyika panzvimbo pokukudziridza maidi, uye zvapupu zvakabva kumapoka akasiana - siana zvinogona kusekesa nzwisiso yokururama ndokuderedza kunzwa ’ mano okuita kuti vanzwi vabvumirane nokuda kwechinjo. Muzvimwe zviitiko, vanonzwa vanoderera mukurwisana kana kuti kuva zvikuva zvikuva nokuda kwekurukurirano dzepfungwa dzinoparira kupisa kukuru kupfuura chiedza.

Rudzi rwenzvimbo yemitambo rwokunzwa runoparirawo zvikarakadzo zvisina kururama. Vakuru vakuru vehurumende vangapedza nguva yakawanda vachigadzirira mapfundo okutaura kupfuura kurangarira pamusoro pekundikano dzesangano, uye vadzori vangapa mhinduro dzemitemo dzinova dzinojeka panzvimbo pokuvhenekera. Kubvunza kushanu kwamashoko, nepo kuri madikanwa nokuda kwebudiriro, hakuwanzobvumidza mitezo kunzvera nhau dzesayenzi kana kuti dzounyanzvi dzakaoma muukuru hwavakakodzera.

Misiyano Yokumanikidza uye Kutevera Kupfurikidza Nekundikano

Mitemo inoita kuti pave nerumbidzo, asi haiiti kuti vanhu varambe kuchengetwa. Kana Department of Justice ikaramba kupomera, kana kuti kana sangano rikakundikana kuita kuti zvinhu zvigadziriswe, dare̱ basa ringangova netapuro yakaganhurirwa. Njodzi dzakawanda dzemhoteredzo dzinoparira kukurumidza kunzwa uye zvikarakadzo zvemitemo zvinonyarara zvinodziringa sezvo ngwariro yezvinobudisa nhau inodzikira kune imwe nzvimbo.

Chivako cheCongress chinodzongonyedzawo kupfuurira kufambira mberi. Kana zvigaro zvedare zvichichinjwa pashure pesarudzo, kunzverwa kunopfuurira kungasiiwa, zvikamu zviduku zvingabva, uye mushumo wemadhindindi akadzikira. Iyi inoreva kuti zvinetso zvenguva refu zvemhoteredzo, zvakadai seshatiso yemvura yapasi inobva muperifluoralkyl nepolyfluoralkyl (PAS), zvingagamuchira kuongororwa kukuru nokuda kweboka rimwe reDare uye ipapo kupera mumurangariro kusvikira ngwavaira inotevera yaitika.

Basa Renzwi Revanhu uye Rokudzidzisa

Rimwe ramabasa anokosha zvikurusa okunzwa kwedare mano avo okukudza manzwi avanhu vakakuvadzwa zvakananga nengwavaira dzemhoteredzo. Vagari vemo vanotapurwa, apo vanodanwa sezvapupu, vanounza kurumidziro neidi iro sangano risingagoni kunyora mishumo nenzvero dzounyanzvi.

Masangano eruramisiro emhoteredzo azova akaoma zvikuru mukutsigira zvapupu zvenzanga. Mapoka akadai seNatural Resources Defense Council neUnion of Concerned Scientists anopa betsero yemichina, anobetsera kugadzirira chipupuriro, uye kubatana kwezvinobudisa nhau kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti mirangariro yenzanga inogamuchirwa zvakakwana. Iyi bvumirano yave ichikosha zvikuru mukunzwa pamusoro pemvura yokunwa yakashatiswa, dzimba dzakashatiswa, uye nzvimbo dzeindasitiri dziri pedyo nenharaunda dzine misha yakaderera nenzanga dzeruvara rwakaderera.

Kuvapo kwezvapupu zvomunzanga kunonzverawo kombamiro yokunzwa kuva kurukurirano dzounyanzvi dzinobvisa avo vanotapurwa zvikurusa. Apo amai vanobva kuFlint vanorondedzera mwanakomana wavo ̱ mwero yomutobvu wakakwirira, kana kuti muredzi muGulf anotsanangura kurasikirwa neupenyu hwake, idzi nhau dzinoita chinyorwa chinofadza kupfuura nzvimbo inonzwa uye kupinda mukurukurirano yavose yakafara.

Nzira Inofambira Mberi Yokutarisira Zvinetso Zvemhoteredzo

Kunzwa kweCongress kuchapfuurira kushanduka sezvo tyisidziro dzemhoteredzo dzinova dzakaoma zvikuru uye sezvo mamiriro ezvamatongerwe enyika anochinja. Chinjo yemamiriro okunze, kumuka kwezvinobatanidza makemikari, uye kuchinja kuruzivo rutsva rwesimba kuchaparira ngozi dzengwavaira itsva dzinoda utariri. Simba rehwaro rekunzwa ̬ kuzvidavirira, uye simba rokusunda uchapupu ̬ zvinoramba zviripo nokuda kwokudzivirira utano hwavanhu nemhoteredzo.

Kunzwa kunobudirira zvikurusa kunobatanidza nzvero yechokwadi yakakomba nenzvero yakarongwa. Matare anoisa mari muvashandi venyanzvi, anochengeta kupfuurira muCongress, uye anotsinhirana namasangano anotarisira kuchengetwa kwehurumende nehurumende anoita miuyo inogara zvikurusa. Mitezo inorangarira kunzwa semikana yokunzvera kwechokwadi panzvimbo pokuita pamutemo inovaka kuvimbika kunoshandura kuva simba remitemo.

Nokuda kwavagari vemo nenzanga dzinotapurwa nengwavaira dzemhoteredzo, kunzwisisa muitiro wokunzwa inhano yokutanga kukutora rutivi runobudirira. Kugadzirira chipupuriro chakajeka, chechokwadi, ukama hwokuvaka navashandi vedare, uye kubatanidzwa namasangano okuteerera kunogona kuwedzera nenzira ine mufungo bviro yokuti kunzwa kunoparira chinjo ine revo. Nhau yedziviriro yemhoteredzo muUnited States inoratidza kuti kutarisirwa kwesangano remhoteredzo, apo kunoitwa zvakanaka, kunogona kuchinja ngwavaira kuva banza remitemo yakasimba zvikuru, mhepo yakachena nemvura, uye nzanga dzine utano hwakanaka.