Kuongorora Chitendero Chezvinhu Zvemapepanhau: Nhungamiro Yakaoma Kushandisa Pazera Rekugadzirwa Kwezvidhina

Mumhoteredzo yazvino uno yamashoko, musiyano pakati penhau dzakabvumikiswa namashoko akashandiswa wazova wakaoma zvikuru kunzwisisa. Mashoko akawanda anobudiswa musekondi yoga yoga.Nhamba kubva pakuvhura misoro yenhau pasociation kusvikira kunzverwa kwenguva refu kubva kune dzimwe nzvimbo dzenhau dzinodavirwa.(requiress) kuti varavi vave netsika dzakasimba dzokuongorora. Pasina nhevedzano, kunyange vatsvakurudzi vane ruzivo vanogona kuva vanyajambwa venzvimbo dzokufemera, kusimbisa, kana kuti kubvisa mashoko. Iyi nhungamiro inogovera kutarira nenzira yokukurumidza maturusi, magadzirirwo, uye nzira dzinodikanwa kunzvera kutendeseka zvinotendwa zvinobudirira, kupfuudzira vadzidzi, uye vagari vezuva riri rose kuti vafambe vafambire mberi nenzvimbo dzemashoko nechivimbo.

Kugona kunyora hakusi chinhu chimwe; kuripo pamativi. Manyuko angava akavimbika zvikuru nokuda kworudzi rumwe rwekutaura asi asina kuvimbika kune rumwe. Somuenzaniso, chinyorwa chebhizimisi chine zivo huru yeindasitiri chingashaiwa simba rinowirirana navanyori venhau rinodikanwa nokuda kwokuzivisa nhau. Kunzwisisa idzi revo inhano yokutanga yokuva mutengi anonzwisisa mashoko. Zvikamu zvinotevera zvinoputsa mativi makuru ekuva akavimbika kwezvinobudisa nhau, zviwiro zvakanakisisa nokuda kwokuva nechokwadi, uye unyanzvi hunoshanda zvinogona kushandiswa nokukurumidza.

Kunzwisisa Kuoneka Kwezvinobudisa Nhau

Ruvimbiko rwezvinobudisa nhau ipfungwa inobatanidza kuvimbika, unyanzvi, uye ururami hunoonekwa hwapamhiko. Pamwoyo marwo pane mubvunzo: Manyuko aya anogona kuvimbwa nawo kugovera zvakarurama, kusasarura, uye mashoko? Kunzvera kunowanzoputsa kutendeseka mumbiru mbiri huru: nyanzvi (manyuko ezivo nechiremera panhau) uye [[FLT:] kutendeka [[FLT]] kuvimbika, upome, uye kushaikwa kwemagumo akavanzika).

Zvirongwa zvinoverengeka zviripo kuti zvishande iyi mifungo. Mumwe muenzaniso unoshandiswa zvikuru i CRAP Sutting Uvavanyo, chisakiso chakakudziridzwa navanoshandira paCalifornia State University, Chico. Chinomirira [[FLT:], Revétance], Authority, uye [[FLT:] Purpose]. Kunzvera nguva: kodikanwa kunofanira kuratidzira zvinoitika zvazvinotemwa? Revicessswo ivimbisa mashoko ako anodikanwa. Chiremera kubvunza munyori kana kuti mubumbiro reFilyumu. Chino chinonzvera nokuda kwokururamisa, chitsamisiro, chitsamisiro chamashoko.

Kupfuura idzi gadziriro dzedzidzo, kunzwisisa mari yezvinobudisa nhau zvazvino uno kunokosha zvakafanana. Zvitendi zvakawanda zvinovimba nemari inowanwa pakushambadzira, kuisa magetsi pamadziro, kana kuti kutsigira kubva kumasangano ane fariro dzakananga. Kuvakwa kwezvokuva wezvinobudisa nhau kunogona kupesvedzera zvisarudzo zvokunyora, pane dzimwe nguva nenzira yamanomano. Kuziva kuti ndiani anobhadhara bhuku uye kuti itsaukoi zvingaberekwa naro kunobatsira kuisa zviri mukati maro mumashoko akakodzera. Naizvozvo kusava kwakabatana; kunofanira kurangarirwazve sezvo mashoko matsva pamusoro pemanyuko anobva.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvinobvisa Kufunuka

Paunenge uchiongorora nyaya yenhau, vhidhiyo, kana kuti nzvimbo inobudiswa masangano, zvinhu zvinokosha zvinoverengeka zvinofanira kutungamirira kuongorora kwako.

Kwakabva Republition

Chinyorwa chenhau chenhau dzinobudisa nhau. Masangano enhau akanyatsoumbwa akadai seReuters, Associated Press, uye NPR ane nguva refu, mapepa etsika anodzidzira, uye maitiro echokwadi okuongorora. Zvisinei, kunyange zvibudiso zvinozivikanwa zvinogona kuita zvikanganiso. Chinokosha ndechokuti vanobudisa ruramiso dzinooneka. Nhau dzinova nenhau dzakaita senhau, advocacy, kana kuti kuongorora kunofanira kusvikwa. Majekisedhi akafanana ne Media Bias Chart (yakagadzirwa neAd Media Media) kana kuti [FL:]] Alls Medias Biactures [FFFF:3]

Munyori Anotaura

Nyaya inotaura nezvechinjo yemamiriro okunze yakanyorwa nanyanzvi yemamiriro okunze payunivhesiti huru ine uremu hukuru kupfuura uyo akanyorwa nomunyori mukuru asina sayenzi. Tsvakai mabhii, uye tsvakai magwaro omunyori, mabhuku ekare, uye kusawirirana kupi nokupi kungavapo kwefariro. Munyori anoona zvinhu zvisina kujeka kana kuti kushayika zvachose mireza mitsvuku. Kunyange kana munyori achitenda, nzvera kana vachidudza manyuko makuru kana kuti vachivimba nokuburitsa kusingazivikanwi. Kujeka pamusoro pomunyori wenhau yakavimbika ichiratidzo chenhau.

Uchapupu Namanyuko

Kunyora nhau kwakakomba kunovakirwa paufakazi hunosimbiswa. Zvitatiko zvinofanira kutsigirwa nezvinonyorwa, zvibatanidzo kufundo dzapakuvamba, magwaro edare, kana kuti mashoko anobva kunyanzvi dzinodudzwa. Nzvera nyaya dzinoshandisa nongedzero dzisina kujeka dzakadai "nyanzvi dzinotaura" pasina kududza, kana kuti iya inowirirana bedzi namamwe manyuko echipiri. Chikamu chakavimbika kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji chinobatanidza manyuko makuru akadai semanyuko ehurumende, magazini anorangarirwazve navezera, kana kuti muchina wehurumende unobudiswa. Mukuwedzera, nzvera kana ufakazi huri huchangobva kutsigira chiteshi chazvinogadzirwa kana kuti utano. Mumichina yokukurumidza unobva makore mashanu apfuura chingagona kuva chinyakare.

Kuziva Zvaungaita

Manyuko ose ane mwero wakati wecherekedzo(mumutauro, murudiso, uye kutsaura nhau. Nharidzano haisati iri yokubvisa rusaruro chose chose asi kuruziva nokuyera kwarunotapura nako mashoko anopiwa. Chinyorwa mumagazini chinonongedzera kurusande rwekusasarura neruramiro, kwete hazvo kukusatora rutivi. Somuenzaniso, nyaya inopa mishumo yesangano rezvamatongerwe enyika inofanira kubatanidza mashoko akananga kubva kuvose vari vaviri murongi navatsoropodzi. Mutauro unoshandisa mashoko anopoka, kunyomba, kana kuti mabhii (g., "extmist,"" redical,"") inoratidzira kushaikwa kwedzikano. [FLT:] [FLT:] metic machati ezvokushandisa mashoko emashoko. [FLC]

Musi Wokuzivisa Nemari

Kufamba kwenguva kunonyanya kukosha munhau uye pamashoko esayenzi. Nyaya yevhairasi pamusoro pekubudirira kwezvokurapa kubva muna 2015 ingasaratidza kubvumirana kwazvino uno. Nguva dzose nzvera musi wekubudiswa kwebhuku uye, kana zvichibvira, musi wekuchinja kwapakare. Dzimwe nzvimbo dzinoita kuti nyaya dzekare dzizonyorwazve nemisoro mitsva. Uyezve, dzinova nechokwadi chokuti mashoko ataurwa angoshanda. Kushandisa mashoko ekare kuti utsigire kutaura kwemazuva ano kunogona kukanganisa pfungwa dzose. Muminda yakadai sewebbersecureficity, mutemo, uye mishonga, mashoko anogona kupera basa mumwedzi mishoma.

Maturusi Okuongorora Kuda Kubudiswa Kwemashoko

Zvinhu izvi zvinosiyana kubva panzvimbo dzinonyatsoratidza zvinhu zviripo kusvika pazvinowedzera zvinhu zvinoshandiswa pakugadzira zvinhu. Kuzvipinza mupurogiramu yako yezuva nezuva kunogona kuvandudza zvikuru mano ako okusiyanisa chokwadi nengano.

Mawebsite Anoongorora Chokwadi

Masangano anoongorora chokwadi anoongorora kutaura uye anobudisa zvaawana nemashoko akadzama. Anowanzozvimirira, asingapidi, uye anojeka pamusoro pemiitiro yawo. Yakakurumbira zvikurusa inobatanidza:

  • Snopes: Yakavakirwa pakuvamba pangano dzomumaguta, Snope zvino inofukidza mhatsa huru yerunyerekupe rwamavhairasi, kutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika, uye mashoko epanhevedzo yeInternet. Inogovera kunzvera kwakakwana uye inodudza manyuko echisarudzo chiri chose. Bhetirset Snopes[
  • SECK.org: Chirongwa cheAnnuberg Policy Center, nzvimbo ino inonzvera ururami hweidi hwemashoko akaitwa nemifananidzo yezvamatongerwe enyika neziviso. Idivi rekuenda kutsime rezvirevo zvenguva yesarudzo. Conctive.org
  • [[NHAU: 0] PLATIFAC : Kudzorwa nePoynteter Institute isingapinduri, PolitiFact mwero yezvokwadi yekutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika pamwero wayo "Truth-O-Meter". Inovimbisawo kuitwa navakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa. Chibvumirano chePolitifact[
  • Reuters Cheki Chaicho[[FLT: 1]]: Rutivi rwesangano renhau reReuters, ichi chikwata chinonzvera mashoko asiri iwo evhairasi uye chinobvisa mashoko enhema nehasha dzenhau. Reuters Conchect Sex
  • Idi Cheki: Associated Press inoumba chikwata chakazvipira chinonzvera chokwadi chinofukidza kutaura kwenyika yose, kazhinji kazhinji mubatira pamwe neMeta. Kushanyira APC Cheki yeCHEKI[

Kuverenga Nekunyora uye Kugadzira Zvinhu

Kudzidzisa kufunga kwokutsoropodza ivavariro yamasangano anoverengeka asingapi mari ayo anopa zvishandiso zvechikoro, zvokushandisa, uye makombiyuta. Zvirongwa zvisingacherechedzwi zvinosanganisira:

  • News Literable Project: Yakavambwa naaichimbova mutori wenhau Alan Miller, iri sangano rinopa nzvimbo yecheki, iyo inodzidzisa vadzidzi kuti vaongorore sei manyuko enhau, kunzwisisa tsvedzero, uye kuziva mashoko asina kururama. project yeMashoko okunyorera pamusha.
  • Dzidzo yeMifungo: Mugove mukuru wefundo yokudzidza nokunyora yezvinobudisa nhau nokuda kwavadzidzisi K-12, kufukidza misoro inobva muugari hwemunyika yemakombiyuta kusvika pakunzvera zvinotemwa paIndaneti. Kushanyira Nheyo yeManzwi[
  • MediaSmarts: nzvimbo yeCanada nokuda kwokurava nokunyora namashoko nezvinobudisa nhau inopa zvinhu zvinowirirana navadzidzi, vabereki, uye vadzidzisi, kubatanidza mitambo yokukurukura nemishumo yokunzvera. MediaSmartts
  • [ Alldes: Inopa chiverengero che rusaruro nokuda kwezvibudiso zvenhau, "Mashoko akadzikama" anogoverwa izvo zvinoratidza kuti nhau imwe cheteyo inofukidzwa sei kubva mumifungo yakasiana yezvamatongerwe enyika, uye raibhurari yezvokunyora nokunyora. Kushanyira AllSIDES[

Madziro Ebhukwana Nematurusi Anoshanda Noga

Kuwedzera kunoverengeka kwezvikwaniriso kunogona kukurumidzisa nzira yokuongorora nayo kupfurikidza nokuvhura mashoko akapoteredza paunenge uchitsvaka:

Kuziviswa Kwevhidhiyo Nezvinonzwika

Manyuko aishandiswa nemutevedzeri wemitevedzeri ari kukura tyisidziro. Mbesa dzekuwedzera se InVID-Wect:1] (kufutunurwa kwemishumo) kunobvumira kunzvera metabhu yeYouTube vhidhiyo, kuita frame--tempic, uye kushandurazve kunzvera mipimo mikuru. Nokuda kwezvisarudzo, rangarira kushandisa [[[FLT:]] Amnesty Data Seacher [ kubvisa kutsindiva nokutemuka kwemite. Kugara pamberi pezviteshipikiriso kunoda kudzidza kwenguva dzose, asi nheyo huru inoramba iripo: [[FL:] nguva dzose]

Nhamburiko Dzakabudirira Dzokunzvera Kunotambudza

Kuwedzera pakushandisa zvinhu zvakatsaurwa, kushandisa zvinhu zvinonyatsozivikanwa kunogona kurodza maonero ako.

Kurava Kwapashure

Kurava kwomunguva yemberi inzira apo, panzvimbo pokupedza nguva pamanyuko mamwe, unovhura mapepa matsva echirango kuti uongorore manyuko amene. Kwakakurumbira nenzvero yeStanford History Education Group' pamusoro pokuti nyanzvi dzinonzvera sei mashoko. Panzvimbo pokuyera wakamira munyu muwebsite isina kurovedzeka, iwe "pascal" kuti uwane mamwe manyuko akavimbika anotaura pamusoro penzvimbo iyoyo, mari, uye chinyorwa chenhau. Somuenzaniso, kana ukasangana nenyaya inotaura kuti giramu rakati rine ngozi, kuzarura tabhu itsva uye tsvanga nokuda kwezita rebhuku racho + "controvers" kana kuti "actal-check'. Chigadzirwa ichi chinozivisa nokukurumidza kana mamwe manyuko anovimba kana kuti anobvisa mashoko.

Dzima

Usati wavhura pawirirano ipi neipi mumiuyo yokutsvaka, shandisa kudzikamisa kupfurikidza nokunzvera peji yose. Tarira pamitsetse, mazita enzvimbo, uye misi. Dzivisa muedzo wokuzarura nokukurumidza muuyo womusoro, sezvo ungava mudhutu kana kuti kubva kuamburera wekuenzana kwakaderera. Nyanzvi dzinonzvera zvinhu dzinowanzopfuudza miuyo mishanu yokutanga kusvikira kugumi uye panzvimbo pezvo dzinotarira nzvimbo dzinosanozivikanwa, dzine chiremera. Iyi nzira inoderedza pesvedzero yeSEO uye irimo inotsigirwa.

Nzira Yokushandisa

Mazano okuongorora mashoko paIndaneti akatangwa naMike Caulfield, anoshandiswa pakuongorora mashoko ari paIndaneti:

  • [ Mira[: Mira usati wagoverana kana kuti kudavira chinhu. Zvibvunze kana uchiziva manyuko kana kuti mashoko akapoteredza.
  • [[FOL:0] Kubatanidza manyuko[: Shandisa kurava kwapashure kudzidza pamusoro pomunyori, chinyorwa, uye kuvimbika kwavo.
  • Wana chinyorwa chakavimbika: Panzvimbo pokunzvera nyaya yapakuvamba muudzame, tsvaka kushuma kubva mumanyuko akasimbiswa pamusoro mumwe chetewo.
  • anotaura, kunokora mashoko, uye zvinobudisa nhau kumashoko apakuvamba [: Wana manyuko makuru enokora mashoko ipi neipi, nhamba, kana kuti mufananidzo kuibvumikisa kuva haina kusiiwa.

MURANGANO weSIFT unobetsera zvikurukuru nokuda kwenzvimbo dzinobudisa nhau dzenzanga, umo mashoko akapoteredza anowanzobviswa. Kuushandisa kunotora risingasviki miniti imwe asi kunogona kuderedza zvikuru ngozi yokutsauswa.

Kutsvaka Mari Yokutenga Nokuva Mushandi

Kunzwisisa kuti munhu anobhadhara bhuku kunoratidza zvikanganiso. Mawebsite akawanda anovanza vatsigiri vavo kana kuti nhengo dzeboka. Tsvaka peji ye "Maererano Nesu" inosanganisira mashoko ebasa, mari, uye masangano okunyora. Zvirongwa zvenhau zvisingabhadharirwi zvinowanzoronga pachena vapi vanopa. Zviteshi zvenhau zvinonyorwa paruzhinji zvingava nebumbiro renhau rakanyorwa asi zvichiri kutarisana nedzvinyiriro inobva kuvashambadziri. Pamashoko esayenzi, nzvera kana kuti kunzvera kwakavakirwa pakambani inotsigirwa nezvinobudirira. Masangano ezvokubudisa mari angavhurasa purofiti (ya[FLT]]])

Mapithi Anozivikanwa Navose Nezvirango

Kunyange uchishandisa zvinhu zvakanakisisa, pfungwa dzevanhu dzinogona kuderedza kuongorora kuvimbika.

Kusimbisa Bias

Tsika yokutsvaka ndokudavira mashoko anosimbisa zvitendero zvakatangira kare ndeimwe yavatyairi vakasimba zvikurusa vokugoverana mashoko asina kururama. Pakurava nyaya inonzwa kuti ya "chakarurama" kana kuti inogutsa, mira ndokubvunza: Ndingadavira here ikoku kana ikapokanidza mirangariro yangu? nokushingaira tsvaka mirangariro inopesana kubva mumanyuko akavimbika kuedza simba renzvimbo yako umene.

Muuyo Wezvokwadi Yokunyengedzera

Kuratidzirwazve kukutaura kunoita kuti kunzwe kuri kwechokwadi zvikuru, kunyange kana kuri kwenhema. Ndosaka kutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika namavhairasi zvinoshanda zvikuru. Dzivisa ikoku kupfurikidza nokusimbisa kutaura kupi nokupi kwaunosangana nakwo kanopfuura kamwe, zvikurukuru kana kuchiwirirana nekuona kwenyika yako. Shandisa mapepa eidi kuona kana kutaura kwacho kwakatobviswa.

Kupinda Munzvimbo Yokugara

Nhau dzinoshatiswa, nhau dzinonyandurwa dzinoyeukwa zviri nyore zvikuru kupfuura nhamba dzinotyisa. Zvinobudisa nhau zvingashandisa izvi nokufukidza zvinoitika zvinoshamisa zvisingaenzaniswi, kuchiparira murangariro wakamonyaniswa wengozi. Pakunzvera nhau, kusiyanisa pakati pekupararira kwechiitiko nengwariro yachinogamuchira. Tsvaka mwero wakaderera wemashoko kuti ujekese.

Kurangarira Kwesundo

Apo vanhu vanenge vane njodzi yakasimba yemirangariro kana kuti yemari mumugumisiro, vangaruramisa nokusaziva kugamuchira ufakazi husinganei. Ikoku kwakapararira munharo pamusoro pezvikamu zvoutano, mikana yokuisa mari, kana kuti vadari vezvamatongerwe enyika. Usati waita chimwe chinhu pamashoko, nzvera kana chishuvo chako chemhedziso yakati chiri kuvhiringidza chisarudzo chako. Goveranai kurangarira kwenyu nomumwe munhu ane murangariro wakasiana kuti aedze mufungo wenyu.

mhedziso

Kunzvera kuvimbika kwezvinobudisa nhau hausi unyanzvi humwe asi kuwanda kwetsika, maturusi, uye matsotsi. Munyika umo munhu upi noupi anogona kuparadzira manyukunyukunyuku nokusvika kwapasi pose, mutoro wokuyera muravi mumwe nomumwe. Kupfurikidza nokushandisa mafashoni akafanana neCRAAP Testing neSFIT, kushandisa mabasa eidi ezvokuyera zvinhu newedzedzero, uye kuramba uchiziva nezvemhesano dzako dzoruzivo, unogona kuva mutengi mukuru wemashoko. Iyi miitiro haisati ichingovandudza bedzi dzidzo nemigumisiro yedzidzo yezvoruzhinji asi inosimbisawo hurukuro yedemocracyicratic , sezvo vagari vazivi vanoziviswa vari hwarongedzero inheyo yechaunga chavanhu. Chibvumirano chokudzidza chinopfuurira: nzvimbo dzinobudisa nhau dzinochinja, uye naizvozvo magadzirirwe edu. Kutanga nhasi kupfurikidza nokuongorora chikamu chimwe chemashoko anoshandiswa pamusoro apa, uye kuvakazve mano acho. Miteo yakasiyana zvikuru yezvokwadi yezvokwadi yezvokwadi yezvokwadi yebasa rimwe muzana ramakore 21.