Munzanga dzazvino uno dzedemokrase, kusawirirana pakati pekotsekano yavose nerusununguko rwomunhu mumwe nomumwe kunomirira imwe yekurukurirano dzetsika dzinopfuurira zvikurusa nedzinoguma. Zuva riri rose, hurumende dzinoita zvisarudzo zvinopa chiyero kuchengeteko yakawanda kana kuti rusununguko rukuru, kazhinji kazhinji netapuro huru paupenyu hwavagari vemo. Kuvambira pamakamera ari pamakona emugwagwa kusvikira kumirairo yenhomba mukati mehosha, mubvunzo unoramba uripo: rusununguko rwakawanda sei rwatinoda kutengesa nokuda kwechipikirwa chekotsekano? Nyaya inonzvera midzi dzenhau dzenguva ino, mipimo yenguva ino, uye mirairo yenguva yemberi yeiri inoyera yeiri chiyero chakaisvonaka, kunyora pamipimo yapamutemo, zvikwarati, uye nhau chaiyoiyo yepasi.

Nhoroondo

Gakava pakati pechengeteko yavose nerusununguko rwomunhu oga nderekare sehurumende yakarongwa imene. Nepo nyaya yapakuvamba yakadudza Magna Carta (1215), kudenha, uye masangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo, kunyorwa kwenhau kwakapfuvura zvikuru uye kunorairidza zvikuru. Mienzaniso yapakuvamba inobatanidza nheyo yemitemo yeRoma mus pulupuli supri en ex esto [1215] [FLT] (kotsekapo yavanhu imutemo mukurusaidzo), iyo vatongi vanowanzokumbira kururamisa matanho akatanhamara. MuUnited States, Alhien neStic Exption of 1798 Acts atroult, kutungamirira kuiswa mutorongo nomupepeti wepepanhau norudzi rwokudzokera. Murwi wehondo rweChiviligist, Rwern, pasina kudzivirira zviuru zvehondo yeMiston, kupfurikidza nokunyora dare reSivine.[3][3]

Zana ramakore rechi20 rakaunza mienzaniso yakatojeka zvikuru. Kubatanidzwa kwevaJapan mukati meHondo Yenyika II, kwakatenderwa noMurayiro Unodzora 906, kwakatamisa nokumanikidza vanhu vanopfuura 110 000 vakavakirwa padzinza ravo bedzi. Makumi amakore gare gare, hurumende yeU. yakakumbira ruregerero nenzira yakarongwa ndokugovera paradzano, kubvuma kuti mwero wakanga uri kusaruramisira kwakakomba kwakavakirwa murusaruraganda panzvimbo pekuchengeteka kwapamutemo. Mukati meHondo yeRugare, McCalthyism neHouse Uniometic Committee Committee yokuvimbika nerostssss, inoshatisa kupesana kwezvamatongerwe enyika muzita rorudzi. Izvi zvinoitika zvinoratidzira mupimo unodzo unotevera: munguva dzinofungwa kuva nenjodzi, hurumende dzinonyengera kazhinji, uye kukuvadzwa kurusununguko kwavanhu vamwe pashure pokupera kwemigariro njodzi.

Nhambo yapashure pa9/11 yakaratidzira imwe nhambo yaidzorwa. USA PATRIOT Act, yakapfuvura mavhiki mashomanene pashure pedenho, masimba okunzvera akakudzwa nenzira inoshamisa, kubatanidza kukwanisa kusvika kuzvinyorwa zvebhizimisi, uye "nyoak" kunzvera. Zvizarudzo zvinotevera nezvipfuriso zverivasvuri zvakadai saEdward Snowden zvakaratidza kuti izvi zviremera zvakanga zvichishandiswa kure kupfuura zviitiko zvougandanga, kuunganidza mashoko pamamirioni eAmericawose. Pendulum yakachekerwa shure zvishoma nezvishoma neUSA Freedom Act ye 2015, iyo yakagumisa kuunganidzwa kukuru kwemichina yemetameter, asi kuoma kukuru kunoramba kuripo. Bren Center yeChirevo reSangano remitemo inotsinhirano yemitemo, "denho kukuva nerongedzero yeko yeko yemitemo inoshato yemitemo inoshandedzero yehurumende yedu inosha yavose.[F.][FB]

Zvinetso Zvazvino

Nhasi, kudyidzana pakati pechengeteko norusununguko kunoratidzirwa munzvimbo nhatu huru: kunzvera nokuvandika, miitiro yokuchengeta mutemo, uye matanho outano hwavanhu.Nharaunda imwe neimwe inomanikidza nzanga kutarisana nemibvunzo yakaoma pamusoro pokuti ndokupi kwokuisa mutsetse.

Zvokudzidza Nezvinhu Zvokuva Woga

Kufambira mberi kweruzivo rwokutenga zvinhu kwakawedzera zvikuru muitiro wekare wekutarisira vagari vemo. Kuziva kwechikaro, kurava marata erezenisi anoiswa pamunhu, kuongorora, uye maalgoritimendi anofanodeya kuzivisa zvinogonesa kuongorora nguva dzose. MuChina, gadziriro yokupa chikwereti inobatanidza masangano ezvikwereti nezvinoiswa nechete nechete kuti zvive zvakavimbika kuvagari vemo, kuganhurira kusvika pakufamba, zvikwereti, uye mabasa nokuda kweavo vanoonekwa kuti havavimbiki. Nepo madhimonirositeji okuMadokeri akadzivisa zvikuru miitiro yakadaro inoonekwa, somuenzaniso, kutenderera muganhu weU. U.S. zvinovaravidzo dzemiteshi yemitengo kunoshandisa madhingi ezviito kuti vashanyi vanofamba nounyanzvi, nepo madhipatiri emapurisa omunzvimbo dzinotevedzerwa mu "papotenzi" kurira kurira kurira zviri mumuviri.

Varevereri vechivande vanotaura kuti kungwarira kukuru kunotonhora nokusawirirana nesangano. American Civil Liberès Union (ACLU) yakanyora zvinoitika zvakawanda umo nzanga dzezvirongwa zvokunzvera dzinoda kuonekwa nemavara, zvamatongerwe enyika, uye masangano maduku orudzidziso. ( ALLU: Ancy & Surveillance) Tswo, inongovapo, inoramba ichipfuurira nokukura, chinoitika chinozivikanwa se "TS." nokuda kwei, varavi vanopa mari inoiswa nokuda kwemipiro zvino zvino vanoshandiswa namapurisa nokuda kwokunzvera kweutsotsi.

Kune rumwe rutivi, vatsigiri vezvokuongorora vanosimudzira budiriro dzakajeka: kudzivisa zvirongwa zvemagandanga, kununura vana vanobiwa, uye kupedza zviitiko zvinotonhora. Vanopikisa kuti vanhu vane mufungo vanogamuchira makamera okuchengetedza anooneka munzvimbo dzavose senzvimbo dzokuchengeteka. Chinokosha, vanokwikwidza, kuona uye kutarisira. Dzimwe nyika dzeEurope dzakashandisa mitemo yokudzivirira mashoko, kubatanidza General Data Protection Regimement (GDPR), inopa vanhu vamwe vanhu simba rokudzora mashoko avo omunhu oga uye ganhuriro dzehurumende. Kana iri giramu recustom inogona kutumirwa kuU.S. uye mamwe mashoko anoramba aripo.

Miitiro Yokumanikidza Mutemo

Kushandiswa kwamapurisa, kumisa mitemo yemitemo, uye kurwiswa kwemitemo kunopfuurira kumutsa kurukurirano huru. Nyaya yapakuvamba inodudzwa kumira-frisk nefirsk nekamera dzomumuviri; tinogona kukudza zvikuru. MuNew York City, kumira uye frisk zvakatongwa zvisina kutongwa muna 2013 pashure pokunge ufakazi hwaratidza kuti hwakaitirwa vanhu vatema navaLatinx, vane 90% yokumira kunoguma kusingasungwi. Bva miitiro yakafanana inopfuurira muzvimiro zvokunyarara mhiri kwenyika. Makhamera omuBody, akatanga kurumbidzwa sechishandiso chekuzvidavirira, akabudisa miuyo yakavhengarisana: necherekedzo yamasimba masimba mudzimwe nyika, ivo vanosimudzirawo itiro dzakavanzika nokuda kwava vanyajambwa navakakwani vakakwani vavanokwaniriswa, vanorambawo mapurisa vakaiswa pakati pezvipfuvo.

Black Live Matter, iyo yakabatanidza kuratidzira kworudzi rwose muna 2020, yakasimbisa chinetso chikuru: gadziriro yeruramisiro youtsotsi inowanzorangarira nzanga dzeBlack neshava sedzinofungira kuva dzinoda kudzivirirwa panzvimbo pevagari vemo vanoda dziviriro. Kudanidzira ku "dzingaidzira mapurisa" zvikarakadzo zvakajeka zvokudzosera kutsigiro yemari kumabasa outano hwendangariro, dzimba, uye mapurogiramu enzanga. Mamwe maguta, kufanana naAustin, Texas, uye Los Angeles, akaedza nezvikwata zvenjodzi zvisina simba nokuda kwemazati 911. Migumisiro yacho ichiri kurangarirwa, asi chinja kuzivikanwa kukuru kwokuti kotseko yavose haigoni kusvikwa kupfurikidza nokushanda bedzi kwomutemo.

Kuchinja kwakadai semirau inobvumiranwa, mabhodhi edare rinotarisira vanhu, uye zvirambidzo panzvimbo dzinovhundutswa zvakashandiswa mumativi akawanda, asi kusawirirana kukuru kunoramba kuripo. Seizvo National Institute of Justice inotaura, "Chinetso kuchengeta nhevedzano nepo kuchireva kodzero dzebumbiro remitemo yevanhu vose." (NJ]: Law Inforcement Tries)

Matanho Outano Hworuzhinji

COVID-19 yakaunza kutengeswa kwekodzero yokuzvidzora mudzimba dzose. Majekiseni okuisa dziviriro, mabhastiki, mapasipoti enhomba, uye kuvharwa kwebhizimisi kwakamanikidzira vanhu nehurumende kuyera rusununguko rwomunhu oga mukurwisana noutano hweboka. Nyaya yapakuvamba yakarongwa sefundo, asi inofanirwa nokurapwa kwayo imene yakakura. Kuvamba mumurakatira, nyika zhinji dzakaisa miganhuro yakakomba, namadhigirisi ebudiriro akasiyana- siyana. New Zealand neSouth Korea zvakashandisa kunzvera kwamasimba masimba kuti zvichengetedze mipimo yakaderera zvikuru pasina kurobhora kwapa, nepo dzimwe U.S. inotaura kuti yakatarisana nedenho dzapamutemo. Dare gurusa reRoma reR.[FFFF:]

Vaccine mirairo yavashandi vezvoutano, vana vechikoro, uye vashandi vehurumende vakamutsa matare nehondo dzezvematongerwe enyika. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) yakarangarira kuti zvitendero zvakanga zviri madikanwa kuti zviwane dziviriro yeboka rezvipfuwo nokudzivirira vanhu vasina dziviriro. (CD] CD: Vatsoropodzi vairangarira kuti kuva nomuviri wose, kubvumira kwadzikwa, uye ngozi yemigumisiro yemigumisiro. Ruratiko rwe "harm"" (_crecurent translate CD] CD inoguma apo kuchengeteka kwomumwe munhu kunovamba, asi mamiriro okunze chaiwo enyika anoshatisa. Mukati momu uyu muitiro unoruramiswa nezvinovharapuswo, asi unoruramiswa bedzi nokusaidzwa nokusaidzwa.

Ngwavaira dzoutano dzavose dzakazivisawo kusawirirana mumiuyo yeganhuriro. Vashandi vakaderera kazhinji kazhinji vakatakura ngozi hurusa, nepo vashandi vari kure vangagona kutsaura. Rusununguko rwokugara pamusha haruna kuwanika zvakaenzana kumunhu ari wose. Uku kuwirirana kweruramisiro yemari nerusununguko rwevagari vemo kunowedzera kuva kwakaoma kukurukurirano ipi neipi. Kutarira mberi, mubvunzo hausati uri kana zvirwere zvomunguva yemberi zvichaitika, asi kana tichava tatanga mativi ane ufakazi anodzikamiswa anodzikamisa maruramiro enzanga nedziviriro yenzanga pasina kudzokorora zvikanganiso zva 2020.

Kuongorora Vara

Kuongorora nyaya dzakaitika nenzira ine udzame kunobatsira kuona kuti nheyo dzemitemo dzisiri dzechokwadi dzinoshanda sei.

Chiito ChepaUSA CORTIOT NEMUPIRIRO Wacho

Chinoiswa mumutemo musi waOctober 26, 2001, USA PARITIOT Act yakapa zviremera zvehurumende zvitsva kuti zviongorore ugandanga. Pakati pegadziriro dzazvo dzinomutsa nharo: Chikamu 215 chakabvumira FBI kuwana "chinhu chinooneka" chaibatanidzwa pakuongorora mabhii, kubatanidza mapepa eraibhurari, uye mapepa erunhare. Makore, vanhu vaiziva zvishoma pamusoro penzira rakaitwa masimba aya. Ipapo muna 2013, Edward Snowden akavhura magwaro akavhura kuti anonyorwa kuti National Security Agement (NSA) yave ichiunganidza mishumo yemichina yemafoni yemamiriyoni eAmerica muchaukuru, pasi pokududzirwa kweChikamu 215. Kushatiswa kwavose kwakatungamirira kuUSAU , uko kwakagumisa kuunganidzwa kukuru asi kwakachengeta mamwe zviremera zvizhinji. Wherstristring and com arstring kukurukura nhauro yedare revoruzhinji kupfuurira kurangarira nhau yacho.

Kuchinja Upenyu Kwevatema Kune Basa Nemapurisa

Pana May 25, 2020, George Floyd akaurawa nemupurisa weMinneapolis uyo akapfugama pamutsipa wake kwamaminiti mapfumbamwe. Chinoitika chacho, chakabatwa pavhidhiyo, chakanyandura mubato wokuramba mukurusa munhau yeU.S., nefungidziro dzavane 15 kusvikira ku 26 vapindi. Kusafanana netsutsumwa dzapakuvamba, iri fungu rakatungamirira kuchinjo dzakajeka: Minneapolis City Council yakavhota kubvisa boka ramapurisa (kunyange mwero webhora wapashure wakakundikana), uye mitengo yakawanda yakapfuudza mitemo inorambidza kuvhara, inoda makhamera, uye kunzvera kuzviisa pasi kwevakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende vanobatanidzwa murufu. George Flod Justice Activel yakapfuudza Gamesitisiro asi yakadzorwa mudare redare reSangano remapurisa kuti ishandukirezve kukuita chiito chakaoma. Makurukuru ezvipoka, anoraira kuchengeteko nokuda kwedzidzo yedzidzo yezvo youtano.

Miganhu yeCOVID-19: Kudzikamisa Mabasa

Masangano akasiyana- siyana akaita nzira dzakasiyana- siyana dzokuita ganhuriro dzakarembera, achipa kuedza kwomusikirwo mukutengeswa kwekodzero yokuzvidzora. China nedzimwe nyika dzinodzorwa nechisimba zvakashandisa zvigaro zvakasimba, kuvharwa kwemapoka, uye kutevedzana kwemitauro kuti zvidzvinyirire vhairasi, kazhinji kazhinji nokuoneka kwakaganhurirwa nokuzvidavirira. Masangano edemocratic akadai seGermany neSouth Korea akakwanisa kuzviisa pasi pemira miganhu inowirirana noungwara. MuUnited States, gadziriro yehurumende yakaparira basa renyika rakawanda renyika, ichiita kuti ivhiringidze uye iore. Mirayiro yakava mirayiro inodzoro: dzimwe dzakaarambidza, dzimwe dzinoda. Dare raidzosaidzo dzoutano dzavose pasi pesimba rehurumende, nepote-rose. Zvinosimbiswa nokudzorwa kwezvinodikanwa nesayenzi.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi

Zvinhu zvinogadzirwa nemazuva ano pazvinochinja, kuchengeteka kwevanhu uye rusununguko rwavo kunobva kwachinja.

Uchenjeri Hunogadzirwa uye Kufanofungidzira

Madhipatimendi emapurisa anoshandisa nenzira inowedzera maaruti kuti aronge apo utsotsi huchaitika kana kuti idzii dziri mungozi dzokugumbura. Nepo vatsigiri vachipikisa kuti aya maturusi anogona kugovera zvakanaka zvinhu, vatsoropodzi vanonyevera kuti anoramba achitora mativi enhau neapombi `kuronga marongedzero ezvenhau). Dare reEurope reIUNIO ringabatanidza muganhu wengozi se "ngozi huru," kudikanwa kwokuona nokutarisira kwavanhu. MuUnited States, Act Act yeSlicial Accomplicial ye 2022 inoda makambani okunzvera simba regadziriro dzemitemo yemotokari yavagari vemo. Nguva yemberi ichabatanidza muganhu yakawanda, asi kuoma kwendangariro kuradzidzwa kwekuchengeteka pasina kuisa kuiswa dziviriro purogiramu nero.

Chengeteko Yorudzi Nesimba Renjodzi

Post-9/11 Kuchinja kwokunzvera kwakaratidzira kuti masimba ekurumidziro enguva dzose anogona kuva akadzika midzi. MUVENGI weCHOVAD-19 wakaona zvirango zvakafanana zvakashandiswa kuisa ganhuriro dzakagara mwedzi kana kuti makore. Kupfuurira, kune bvumirano inowedzera yokuti masimba ekurumidziro anofanira kubatanidza zvikamu zvekunyura kwezuva zvinongozviitikira, kuhwirudzura kwakasimba, uye kunyorazve kwapanhambo nenhambo kwemitemo yemitemo. International Commission of JURT. Yakadana nokuda kwe "masero akarongwa" ayo anoganhurira kutsauka pamipimo yavanhu kusvikira kuinodikanwa zvikuru uye inowirirana. (] interliter com com com com of JURC])

Kudzidza Nezvoutano Hwevanhu Vose

Kuiswa mari mugadziriro dzezvoutano dzevoruzhinji (jekiseni) kuongorora, kuongorora, kufambira mberi kwemajekiseni, kuderedza chaizvoizvo kudiwa kwemipimo inoganhurira. Nyika dzine tarisiro huru uye kuvimba nezviremera zveutano hadzifaniri kuisa miganhu seyakaoma kana kuti yakareba. Dambudziko renguva yemberi rinofanira kusimbisa kuvaka batira pamwe yokuzvidira nokukurukurirana kusingamanikidziwi. Kutengesa rusununguko rwemunhu nechengeteko yeboka hakusi zero; mitemo yakasanosarudzirwa inogona kuderedza zvose zviri zviviri ngozi nekodzero.

mhedziso

Kubatanidzwa pakati pekotsekano yavose nerusununguko rwomunhu oga hakusati kuri chinetso chokupedza kamwe kamwe, asi kusagadzikana kunofanira kutarisirwa nguva dzose. Chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chinotarisana noruzivo rutsva rwezvoruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, tyisidziro itsva, uye masimba matsva ezvamatongerwe enyika izvo zvinochinja muganhu. Nhau inoratidza kuti kutya kunogona kuparira kunyanyisa, uye kusakendenga kunogona kuparira kuvadziko dzinodzivisika. Democracys dzinochengeta kurukurirano dzapachena dzakasimba, kutarisirwa kwavanhu, uye kuzvipira kukuru kukodzero dzinokosha kunyange munguva dzenjodzi. Vagari vemo vanofanira kuramba vachitora rutivi, vachizvidavirira mukurukurirano dzemitemo, uye vanoramba vane mutoro. Seizvo Ruramisiti yeDare reDare reMitengo Louis Bregiss rakanyorwa kamwe chete, "Ngokudzora kusununguka kuvhotera vanhu nenzira yamanomanomano, kungova kusinganzwisisi zvakanaka."