Kutanga: Rugare Papepa, Kutandarira Pasi

Apo Good Wearth Agreement (GFA) yakasainwa muna April 1998, yakavimbisa kugumisa rwisano yemapoka ezvitendero yamakumi amakore inozivikanwa seNharo muNorthern Ireland. Chibvumirano chenhau chakagadza hurumende yakaparadzana nesimba, yaibatanidza dziviriro dzavanhu, uye yakatanga gadziriro yebatira pamwe yeyambuko yemakomuniti. Nokuda kwenzvimbo dzakawanda dzomumaguta dzakadai seBelfast neDerry/Londrendry, chibvumirano chakaunza chinjo dzinooneka nejekero idzva, zvivako zvedzimba, uye kuderera kwamasimba masimba. Bva muzvikomo zvinoparadza, mapurazi, misha misha miduku yeruwa yeNon Northern Ireland, kugadzirwa kweGFA kwakatevera, uye kukwikwikwidza kwakawanda, uye kukwikwidza, kutevera kupfurikidza nokukwikwidza.

Nzanga dzomumaruwa (jena kana kuti nharaunda dzomumaruwa) dzinobatanidza 35% yechiverengero chavagari vemo veNorthern Ireland (*kutarisana nemhinganidzo dzakajeka dzinonetsa muitiro worugare. Geographic, kuganhurirwa kukuru kwemiganhu yemari, miganhu yezvitendero inoramba iripo, uye kuganhurirwa kwezviwanikwa zvehurumende zvakaderedza kushandurwa kwezvibvumirano zvezvamatongerwe enyika kuva zvinhu chaizvoizvo. Nyaya ino inonzvera denho dzakawanda dzokushandisa Chibvumirano Chakanaka cheThursday muruwa Northern Ireland, inonzvera kuti zvinetso izvi zvinotapura sei nzanga dzomunzvimbomo, uye kurondedzera nzira dzakasimba dzokuita kuti zvizadzike chipikirwa chakazara kupfuura miganhuro yeguta.

Kuziva Zvakaitika Pamubvumirano Wakanaka WeChishanu uye Zvinetso Zvacho Zvomumaruwa

Gadziriro DzeGFA

Good Friver Agreement (inozivikanwawo seBelfast Agreement) yakanga iri muuyo wamakore ekurukurirano pakati pehurumende dzeBritain neIreland, uye masangano makuru ezvamatongerwe enyika muNorthern Ireland. Kuvakwa kwayo kwaibatanidza Gungano reNorthern Ireland rine simba rinosungirwa, Dare roUshumiri reNorthern-Southal rokusimudzira batira pamwe neRiphabliki reIreland, uye Dare reBritain neIrijish raibatanidza hurumende dzose dzezvitsuwa. Parutivi rwenzanga, chibvumirano chakazvipira ku “kuremekedza” nokuda kwenzanga mbiri huru (* vaPurotesitendi zvikurusa) navaKaturike vomunyika yose (mizhinjisa) uye vaKaturike vakavamba Komisheni yeHurumende yeHumbiso neExvity.

Nenzira inokosha, GFA yakanangawo kugadziridzo yamapurisa, kubudiswa kwapakuvamba kwavasungwa vehondo, kubviswa kwezvombo, uye kugadzirwa kwegadziriro itsva yokubata nenhaka yamasimba masimba. Nepo idzi nhano dzakarongedzerwa kuvandudza nharaunda yose, kusvika kwavo kwakanga kwakasiyana. Nharaunda dzemisha, nzvimbo dzakaderera dzavagari vemo, kunzvera kwakaderera kwezvinobudisa nhau, uye batano dzakasimba zvikuru kuzvivako zvenzanga zvegamuchidzanwa, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji dzakawana iyi chinjo nenzira yakasiana kupfuura nzvimbo dzomuguta. Vatarisiri venyika vakaramba zvikurukuru muBelfast, kureva kuti kuendesa kwomuitiro kwaida mirwi yokuwedzera yokupinda nokuchinja nzanga dziri kure.

Mamiriro Ezvinhu Akasiyana - siyana Anoita Kuti Vanhu Vave Mumaruwa

Nzvimbo dzomumaruwa dzeNorthern Ireland hadzisi nzvimbo dzisina chinhu. Dzinochinjirwa ne “madziro orugare” emukaka wenzanga , mitsetse isingaoneki inoparadzanisa vaPurotesitendi navaKaturike munharaunda, kazhinji kazhinji inotevera miganhu yeruwa yenhau. Mumisha mizhinji, chikoro chomunzvimbomo, chechi, uye horo yenzanga inoramba iri nzvimbo dzavanhu. upfumi hwemo hunobva kwadzose hunotsamira zvikuru pakurima, kushanya, uye kugadzira zvinhu zviduku, zvose zvakatambura zvikuru mukati meNhambo dzehondo uye zvakatarisana nokunangana zvishoma nezvishoma nokupera kwema1988. Kupfuurirazve, nzvimbo dzokufambisa kazhinji kazhinji ive njodzi, nemibato yavose inoganhurirwa namabhaziro anoparadza misha yavose. Zvinhu izvi pamwe chete zvinoparira mhoteredzo apo GFA yeya yeyananiro neyamuro yezvo.

Zvinetso Mukuzadzika Chibvumirano Chakanaka CheChishanu Mumaruwa eNorthern Ireland

1. Kuparadzaniswa Kwenzvimbo Nesonganiro Yakashata

Nzanga dzomumaruwa munhamba dzakadai seFermanagh, Tyrone, uye kumaodzanyemba kweArmagh kazhinji kazhinji anobva kuBelfast. Iyi daro renyika inoparira mhinganidzo yemipinduro yemipinduriro yehurumende, kupinda zviitiko zvinobatanidzwa, kana kuti kungobatanidzwa negadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Somuenzaniso, mahofisi eNorthern Ireland edzorces akaiswa mumaguta makuru; vagari vemagumbeva vari kure vanofanira kuita nzendo refu dzokusangana navamiririri vavo kana kuti kutumira mapepa. Mukati migwagwa mizhinji yokumaruwa yaiiswa zviteshi, uye nzvimbo dzokunzvera dzakaganhurirwa. Nepo aya mahofisi okunzvera akatsakatirwa kwenguva refu chifo chokutsakatika, pfungwa yokuparadzana.

Kushambadza nokuvhara nokufambisa zvinhu kunoramba kuri kwakati kusarira munzvimbo dzakawanda dziri kure, kuchiganhurira kusvika kumasangano avose uye masangano okuyananisa paIndaneti. Northern Ireland Rural Unificity and Research Hub zvakanyora kuti vagari vomumaruwa havangatongoshandisi zvikuru mahotera ehurumende paIndaneti, nemhaka yezvikamu zvemibatanidzwa. Iyi purogiramu inokamuranisa pfungwa yokusiiwa mugadziriro yorugare, iyo inowedzera kuva inotsamira pamadhipati echibvumirano uye maturusi epareji.

2. Kusawirirana Kwemari Nokukodzerwa

Nhamo yezvemari chisakiso chikuru chinosekesa kuvaka rugare. Kuruwa Northern Ireland kune mwero yakakwirira yourovha inopfuurira kukwira kudarika nharaunda dzomumaguta, nenzanga dzakawanda dzinotsamira pabasa remwaka kana kuti kutengeserana kwemiganhu yemichero yakadzongonyedzwa zvikuru mukati merwisano. Chirongwa chePst-GFA chakatanga kuiswa muBelfast neDerry/Londonderry, zvichisiya maruwa ane zvirongwa zvishoma zvokugadzira basa uye zvirongwa zvebhizimisi. Kudzorwa kwezviteshi zvamapurisa zvomumaruwa nenzvimbo dzehondo nedivi ramauto (jere divi riri madikanwa rokuchengeteka nokuchengeteka kwenguva dzose.)

Nhaka yeZvinetso inonzwika mune zvemari: varimi vari munharaunda dzemiganhu vanoyeuka makumi amakore okuverevedza nokupamba kwemauto, izvo zvakaderedza chivimbo mumasangano uye zvakadzivisa vapinduri vezvemari. Nepo International Fund yeIreland yeIrland yeIrland[ uye EUP] zvakapinza mari munharaunda dzomumaruwa, pesvedzero yacho yave isina kufanira. Kufunda 2020 ne Queen’s Center yeFoundation of the Flufac Conftics [[ yakawana kuti kushaiwa mari kwakabatanidza zvikuru netsigiro yakaderera yeGFA mumaruwa, sezvinofungwa navagari vemo vasina kuvandudza upenyu hwavo.

3. Kupesana Kwakadzika Kwazvo Munzanga Nokuzivikanwa Kwesekete

Chiono cheGFA chenzanga inogoverana chinotsamira panzanga dzinofamba kupfuura kuvengana kwenhau. Munharaunda dzomumaruwa, zvisinei, kusarura kwemapoka kunoramba kuripo. Misha yakawanda inogara munzvimbo imwe, ine nzvimbo dzakaparadzana dzedzimba, zvikoro, uye kunyange mhemberero dzakaparadzana kana kuti mwoto wemoto unoratidzira musiano wetsika. Kusangana pakati pavavakidzani veKaturike nevePurotesitendi kungaganhurirwa kubvumirano dzetsika; kuvhengana kwenzanga hakuwanzowaniki. Uku kukamuka kunosimbiswa nezvimiro zvemibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa: nharaunda dzomumaruwa kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji ine batano dzakasimba kuOrangeri yenzvimbo dzeruwa, nepo nharaunda dzeruwa dzinoratidzirwa zvikuru neSangano yeGelic Athletic Association uye urudzi.

Nhamburiko dzokusimudzira kurukurirano yemasangano mugadziriro dzomumaruwa dzinodziviswa nokushaikwa kwenzvimbo dzisina kubatanidzwa umo mapoka ose ari maviri anonzwa akakotsekana. Mapoka enzanga anowanzova nerutivi rumwe kana kuti rumwe, uye chinoitika chipi nechipi chakabatana chinoda kurukurirano yokungwarira pamusoro pezviratidzo, mireza, uye zviratidzo. 2022 kubva ku [FLT:] [FLT] CONCET] Nzanga yeNZVITED yakasimbisa kuti masuongirwo mazhinji orugare anochengetwa mumataundi omumaruwa anoguma nokupinda nemhaka yokuti vapindi vanotya kuonekwa sevakidzani ne “rumwe rutivi.".” Chibvumirano chenheyo che“ ruremekedzo rwechishuvo” kazhinji chinoderedzwa kuva kushivi rwechinyakaredzo rusingatongo runochinjiki kupinda mukuyanana.

4. Kushaikwa Kwezviwanikwa Nesimba Remasangano

Madare omumaruwa namasangano okuzvidira anowanzoshanda nemari shomanene uye vashandi vashomanene kupfuura vamaguta. Mutoro wokushandisa nhano dzeGFA dzinobatanidzwa negadziriro dzeukama hwenzanga, kubatanidza tsigiro yedzidzo, kana kuti dzidzo yakare inowira pamapoka omunzvimbomo ayo akatotambanudzwa. Mari inobva kuEU Peace program kana kuti Northern Ireland Guvision ingave yakakwikwidzanwa uye iri pfupi, ichitungamirira kukunzvera kweProgiramu yeEURONS. 2019 yakacherekedza kuti zvirongwa zvokuruwa zvakanga zvisingawanzogamuchiri mari yakawanda nemhaka yokuti zvaishaiwa simba rokutarisira kunyora zvikarakadzo zvakaoma kana kuti kusvitsa zvinodikanwa.

Misangano youtano nedzidzo, iyo iri pakati pegadziriro dzechibvumirano chokuenzana, inotamburawo namaruwa anosekesa. zvikoro zviduku zvokumaruwa zvakawanda zvinoramba zviri zvakasiana - siana muzvitendero, uye tsigiro yeGFA yedzidzo yokubatana yakaoneka kuva inononoka kupinda mumaruwa. Kuvharwa kwechipatara uye kuperevedza kweGP kwakatapura nenzira isingaenzaniswi nharaunda dzemiganhu, kuchideredza pfungwa yavagari vemo yokuti rugare rwakaunza mabasa avose ari nani.

5 Nhaka Yechisimba uye Kupesvedzera Kwehondo

Nepo GFA yakatungamirira kukubviswa kwamatura makuru ehondo, mumvuri weNhamo uchiri kuoneka kuva mukuru munharaunda dzomumaruwa. Aichimbova mauto pamativi ose ari maviri anochengeta pesvedzero yomunzvimbomo, zvikurukuru munzanga dzinenge dziri pedyosa dzemhuri nebatano dzenhau. Mudzimwe nzvimbo dzomumaruwa, zvikurukuru mumaodzanyemba kweArmagh nekuchamhembe Tyrone, mapoka eRepublication anoramba achishanda, achiita matsotsi kana kuti kuvamba denho dzapanhambo nenhambo pamauto echengeteko. Uku kuvapo kunopfuurira kwehondo kunodzivisa batira pamwe chete nehurumende uye kunogona kutyisidzira avo vanoedza kutora rutivi mumibato yomuchinjikwa.

Vanyajambwa veNhamo munzanga dzomumaruwa kazhinji kazhinji vanonzwa kuti miitiro yapanguva yakare yebvumirano yacho yakadai seHistorical Enquiries Team kana kuti Independent Commission for Reconciliation and Information Recovery(imberi neasingashandi. Mhuri zhinji dzinotsvaka mhinduro pamusoro pavadiwa vakaurawa mumitsetse kana kuti mukubhomba, asi miitiro yacho inononoka uye inowanzozarurazve maronda ekare asingadziki. [FLT: 0] WAVE RE TRAuma Center[, iyo inogovera tsigiro muNorthern Ireland, inoshuma kuti vapukunyuki vama vari mungozi yokuwana zano nemhaka yenyadziro nerwe.

Kutapura Nzanga Dzomunzvimbomo – Mufananidzo Wakavhengana

Uko Rugare Rwakatanga

Pasinei zvapo nedenho, kune nhau dzebudiriro dzomumaruwa. Mamwe mataundi ebhizimisi akaparira mikana yemari inounza vaPurotesitendi neveKaturike pamwe chete sevagamuchiri navashanyi. Nhamba inokura yezvikoro zvomumaruwa yave kukura yemichinjikwa, mativi okutenga, uye makirabhu emitambo akabatana. Kukura kwenzvimbo dzokushanyira neCalway Coaral Route neWild Atlantic Way zvakaparira mikana yezvemari iyo inounza vaPurotesitendi neveKaturike pamwe chete savagamuchiri navashanyi. Nhamba inokura yezvikoro zvokumaruwa iri kutora “dzidzo yakarongwa yakasiyana- siyana”, umo vana vanobva mumapoka akasiyana vanopinda makirasi pamwe chete munzvimbo dzisingatori rutivi, kunyange kana chikoro chavo chikuru chikaramba chiripo. Iyi fambiro yeAtlaudzo yeGFA inogona kushanda kunze kwemataundi omumaguta, nharaunda dzomunzvimbomo uye kutengeserana.

Uko Kupesana Kunopfuurira

Bva mumiganhu mizhinji yemipata neyavarimi, rugare runoramba rusina kusimba. Zviitiko zvesekete zvinoramba zvakadai sokuvakwa kwemisha, mapepa, kana kuti kupiswa kwemifananidzo yevhoti nerokusarudza zvinopfuurira kuitika, zvikurukuru mukati memwaka wemafashoni. Nhau yeparading, iyo iri zvikurukuru muruwa rwayo (napakufora kwaOrangedzero yaOrangendi yeIndectic nharaunda), inoramba iri imwe yemibatanidzwa isingachinjiki yeGFA. Zvisarudzo zvePUPUS zvinogamuchi chinowanzosangana nokudzivisa kwomunzvimbomo, uye kumuka kwapanhambo nenhambo nenhambo kwamasimba masimba pa [FLT:] GGOLD] GRAGYGYGYGOGH . [FLD:]

Chinjo dzenhau dzinomutsawo kusagadzikana. Mudzimwe nharaunda dzomumaruwa, chiverengero chavagari vemo cheKaturike chakura nenzira yakatsiga, kuchitungamirira kukuchinja kwemiganhu yevhota nemirairo yedare romunzvimbomo. Vatsigiri vesangano rehurumende mune idzi vanganzwa vachityisidzirwa, nepo vagari vomunyika vanorangarira chinjo seruramiso yomuzvarirwo yenhau. Gadziriro yenhau yomuganhu womunguva yemberi (kudzorerwa kweIrland yakabatana) ichioneka sechinhu chiri shure, ichiwedzera kumwe kusava nechokwadi munzanga dzomumaruwa umo kuzivikanwa kwakabatana zvikuru nenyika nenharaunda.

Misiyano Yechizvarwa

Vanhu vaduku vakaberekwa pashure pa1998 vakakurira munzanga umo masimba masimba ehondo asingawanzowaniki, asi paradzano yenzanga inoramba iri yakakurumbira. Mumataundi okumaruwa, vanhu vaduku vazhinji vanosiya basa kana kuti dzidzo yakakwirira muBelfast, Dublin, kana kuti kune imwe nyika, vachikwidziridza kugarikanwa kwavanhu muruwa. Avo vanoramba vachigara nhaka mibatanidzwa yenzanga yavabereki vavo uye vanoguma vava kugara munzvimbo imwe cheteyo dzine zvigaro zvehondo. Zvisinei, kune zviratidzo zvinokurudzira: mapoka epwere anounganidza vechiduku kubva mumigariro yeKaturike nePurotesitendi kupfurikidza nomumitambo, nziyo, kana kuti kuzvipira ane mwero mukuru mukusimudzira ushamwari. Chinetsoro chiri kukwira izvi zvirongwa zvokuti vanosvika nharaunda dzokumaruwa dziri dzogaronge dzavanotakura nzvimbo dzokutakura nzvimbo dzokumaruwa uko nzvimbo dzedzimba nenhamba dzakaderera.

Zvirongwa Zvokuvandudza – Kuunza GFA Kumaruwa

1. Kuwana Mari Mugadziriro uye Kubatanidza

Zvirongwa zvakavandudzwa mumuviri uye zvemichina inodiwa kuti pave norugare kumaruwa. Chikamu cheNorthern Ireland Auditive chinofanira kutanga mugwagwa unonatsiridza, zvikurukuru pamikoto mikuru yemuchinjikwa seA1/N1 neA5, yakapikirwa kwemakore asi yakanonotswa. Zvifambiso zvavose zviri nani pakati pemishana yomumaruwa nemizinda yeruwa zvingaita kuti zvive nyore kuti vagari vemo vapinde mabasa okuyanana, kupinda zviitiko zvemacommuniny, uye kubatanidzwa mukurukurirano. Zvikangori, zvinongovakwasva, zvinomhanya-fara kumikira kuruwa kwose kwaidzororororororororororo yokukamuranisa mitauro uye kubvumira nzanga dziri kure kubatanidzwa neInternet formations, kufundana dzidzo inowirirana nemisangano yehurumende.

Vatakuri Vane Mijeri Vari Munzanga

Mitambo yapamusoro yapasi haiwanzoshandi mumaruwa. Mitumbi inofanira kutora “kusimbisa kwemaresitiki”, ichida mvumo yose yokuvaka rugare kubatanidza kusvika kwakananga nokuchinja nzvimbo dzine vanhu vashoma. Zvirongwa zvenzanga yakadai semitambo yokumaruwa inofambiswa nomuchinjika, kushandira pamwe kuti mabhirijini, kana kuti mikoto yenhaka yomunzvimbomo inozivisa nhau dzechikwata nedzenyika, zvingava zvikuru kuwana chivimbo chomunzvimbomo. SSCCOUPURY . Mitemo yeEUNICEF] yakatokudziridza “mapuranga orugare" ayo anokurudzira mapoka omumaruwa kuti abatirane; iyi inofanira kuwedzerwa, kuwedzera, kugovera nhau duku, dzinowanika nyore nyore nyore.

3. Kusimbisa Dzidzo Yakapinzwa Nebasa Repwere

GFA tsigiro yedzidzo yokubatanidza yave iri yakaderera uye inononoka, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzomumaruwa umo zvikoro zvokumaruwa zvakarovedzeka. Department of Education inofanira kuumba zvikoro zvokuruwa zvakagoverana gadziriro dzenzvimbo dzedzidzo nepo zvikoro zviviri zviri pedyo zvichigoverana zvivako nemakirasi anobatana. (pane apo kuisa makirasi epwere akabatana akarongwa) kupfuura kusundira kubatanidzwa kwakazara. Iyi fashoni yakashanda zvakanaka munzvimbo dzakafanana ne Colleged muBlymena[ uye inofanira kudzoserwa. Nokuda kwepwere dzisati dziri mumakirabhuro echiduku omumaruwa navashandi vanofamba-mo-mato (vanogona kufamba kunzvimbo dziri kure) inogona kuita nzvimbo dzisina kubatana.

Kunyatsoshandisa Mari

Rugare runotsigirwa zvikuru apo vanhu vanogona kuona betsero dzemari dzinooneka. Gadziriro dzokutamazve dzomumaruwa dzinofanira kurongera nzvimbo dzokushaiwa kukurusa nemubatanidzwa wegadziriro dzebasa dzokusika, tsigiro nokuda kworwendo rwenzvimbo dzebhizimisi, uye mibatanidzwa yebhizimisi. NAMBARARAMITI NI yakakarakadza “masangano erugare” munzvimbo dzemiganho, nesundo dzemitero nokuda kwamabhizimisi anoshandisa basa rinopazwa namapoka. Kupfuurirazve, kuvimbisa kuti nhaka iyoyo yeRevo yamauto haisati ichidzivisa kuchengetedzwa kwekotsekano yakasimba kwenzanga netsigiro yamapoka anyajambwa omunzvimbomo.

5. Kutsigira kweHurumende Nokuchinja Kwemitemo

Pakupedzisira, Northern Ireland Adminitive Adminitive inofanira kuva nezvinodikanwa zvomumaruwa zvakaiswa mumitemo yose yeGFA ine chokuita. Ikoku kunoreva kuda kuti riite jambwa rimwe nerimwe rebato rokuruwa nokuda kwemipimo inobata nenhaka, kuenzana, mapurisa, uye ukama hwenzanga. Dare reMindaro yeMibvunzo muGungano rinofanira kuva nebasa rakananga pakuitwa kworugare. Kubatira pamwe kwemuchinjikwa pasi peDare roUshumiri reNorth-Southal Council kunogonawo kuiswawo musero kukukanganisa kusimukira kumativi ose ari maviri okubudirira enzvimbo yehuvato, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzakafanana norweko, kutakura, uye mabasa ekurumidziro, izvo zvinotapura zvakananga nzanga dzomumaruwa.

Mugumisiro: Nzira Iri Mberi Munharaunda

Good Friver Agreement yakanyoreswa mudzimba dzemisangano muBelfast, asi nguva yayo yemberi ichasarudzwa munzira nemumapani eNorthern Ireland. Nzanga dzomumaruwa dzakawana zvose zviri zviviri kuodzwa mwoyo nerukundo rwepanhambo nenhambo dzerugare munhambo dzenguva yakapfuura yezana ramakore. Zvinetso zvokuparadza nyika, kusagadzikana kwezvemari, masekete anopfuurira, uye kusvika kwaro kwakaganhurirwa. Bva gadziriro dzakarongwa(kuvambira pakutengwa kwemari namabasa enzanga kuti dziwirirane nedzidzo uye kuparira kukura kwemari kupfuurira mberi.

Hapana chinhu cheiyi nhare dzesirivha; dzinoda chipikirwa chakakwana chezvamatongerwe enyika, chemari, uye kutora rutivi kwokushingaira kwavanhu vomunzvimbomo.