Dziva Rehurumende Yakadzikama

Nheyo yokuparadzanisa masimba ehurumende inomira seimwe yedziviriro dzinogara zvikurusa mukutonga kune simba. Kuvambira muguta reGirisi yekare kusvikira kumarepublic ebumbiro remitemo renhambo yazvino uno, pfungwa yokuti hakuna munhu mumwe kana kuti sangano rinofanira kuva nechiremera chisingadzorwi rakaumba gadziriro dzezvamatongerwe enyika mumakondinendi ose.

Pamavambo aro, kuparadzana kwamasimba kunoparadzira mabasa ehurumende pakati pamapazu akasiyana - siyana − nenzira yakajeka chibvumirano chemitemo, mutungamiriri, uye mutongi − zvokuti mumwe nomumwe anogona kushanda nenzira yokuzvimirira apo anoshandawo sechekero pamamwe. Iyi gadziriro yakarongedzerwa kudzivisa kuiswa kwesimba kunotungamirira kuudzvinyiriri uye kudzivirira rusununguko rwomunhu vamwe navamwe. Rwendo kubva kumuenzaniso wekare kuenda kugadziriro yazvino uno yebumbiro remitemo inhau yekurukurirano youzivi, kuedza kwezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kudzokera shure kwapanhambo nenhambo nenhambo, rutivi rumwe norumwe runowedzera revo kumurangariro unoramba uri madikanwa nhasi.

Mavambo Okuparadzana Kwesimba

Girisi Yekare Nembeu Dzokukamukana

Kuedza kwapakuvamba kwakanyorwa nechiremera chakakamuraniswa kwakabuda munyika yechiGiriki. Nepo hurumende yehurumende ye Amene yeruwa yezana ramakore rechishanu BCE inowanzochengetwa nokuda kwokutora rutivi kwayo kwakananga, yakashandawo namasangano akasiana akadeya kufananidzirwa nerondedzero dzapashure. Assync (Eklesia) inoshanda sechikamu chikuru chomutemo, nepo [FLT:] Cocil ye 500 (Boule)[FLT] yakagadzira zvirongwa zvokugadza nokutarisira zvinhu zvezuva nezuva. Magistrati, zvakadai semabhishopi namagaro, mitemo yakaurawa, uye [FLDH:] matare (DH.[FLT]]

Aristotle, mu yake, akacherekedza kuti bumbiro remitemo rese rakasanorongwa rinobatanidza zvinhu zvitatu: kubvisa, mutungamiriri, uye dare. Iye haana kukarakadza kuparadzana kwakaoma sezvatinokunzwisisa nhasi, asi kugoverwa kwemabasa ehurumende kwakagovera mashoko ehwaro ayo vazivi vakazonatsa. VaGiriki vakaratidzira kuti kuparadzira mabasa pakati pemiviri yakasiana - siana kwaigona kuderedza ngozi yokudzora, kunyange kana tsika yavo isina chiratidzo chapamutemo chemitemo yazvino uno.

Roman Republic Nokudzikamiswa Kwemirayiro

Roma yakaenderera mberi nokuisa gadziriro yemipimo nedzikamo pakati pemirairo yayo yezvamatongerwe enyika neremagracie. Romania Republic (c. 509-27 B) yakaratidzira nzvimbo dzamasimba dzakawanda idzo dzaigona kuvharana. [[FLT:]] SATE shopu dzakakurudzira vatongi nehurumende inodzorwa; [[FLT: 4.] magungano akasarudzwa uye mitemo; uye mabhirigit[[FL:] [[FLT]] , (kubatanidza masangano, Praccet, naspunne).

Polybius, wezvenhau wechiGiriki uyo akanyora zvikuru pamusoro peRoma, akataura kuti simba reRepublic raiva mubumbiro remitemo rayo rakavhengana, iro raizobatanidza masangano oumambo (consul), hutongi (Dare redare), uye hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Chikamu chimwe nechimwe, akatsanangura, chaigona kunzvera zvimwe, kudzivirira kudzora kupi nokupi. Muenzaniso weRoma wakaratidzira kuti masimba anochinjirwa aigona kuparira dzikamo, chidzidzo icho gare gare chaizopesvedzera vose vari vaviri Montesquieu navavambi veAmerica. Zvisinei, pakupedzisira Republic inopunzikawo inoshanda sengano yenyevero pamusoro pechikwaratiso chechiyero chakadaro apo miraudzo yaidzo inoshatsa.

Nhaka Yekare

Mukati meMiddle Ages, pfungwa yamasimba akaparadzana yakaderera sedaruvalism nechiremera choumambo zvakanangidzirwa mumaoko avatongi. Kunyange zvakadaro, gadziriro dzakati dzesangano dzakachengeta zevezero renheyo. Magna Carta [12] (15) yakasimbisa kuti mambo akanga asati ari pamusoro pomutemo uye kuti dzimwe kodzero dzakanga dziri dzavanhu vakasununguka, apo nea simba rechiremera iro gare gare gare vamiriri vaizoona secherekedzo yapakuvamba. Parliation yeEngland zvishoma nezvishoma] yakasimbisa basa rayo mukutera mutero nomutezo, kuparira kupesana kumusoro wekororo. Pakazosvika zana ramakore rechi17, Hondo yeChirungu chaMangheziri, uye Chino Chino Chino Chino chakaita kuti chizivikanwe chinodikanwa chinodikanwa kugoverano chesimba pakati penyika yedzidziso, chikamu chakana.

Montesquieu Nebasa Razvino Uno

Mafungiro Emitemo

Muzivi weFrance [[FLT: 0] Controus à Secondat, Baron de Montesquieu, rakabudiswa Mudzimu weMitemo[ muna 1748], achipa kuratidzirwa kwokutanga kwemaonere etsika emasimba. Kushandisa fundo yake yenhau yeRoma neGenesi, Montesquieue wakataura kuti rusununguko rwezvamatongerwe enyika runoda kuparadzirwa kwechiremera chehurumende pakati pamapazu matatu: [[FLT:] [[FLT]] , [[FLT]] [ku] [i] [i] kuita aya mabasa maviri], [FLT] iko.[FT]

Montesquieu akanyora, kuti: “Apo masimba emitemo neanotungamirira akabatanidzwa mumunhu mumwe cheteyo, kana kuti mumutumbi mumwe chetewo wavatongi, hapagoni kuva norusununguko... zvakare, hakuna rusununguko kana simba redare risati raparadzaniswa nemitemo nevakuru vakuru.” Ichi chimiro chakagovera chimiro chakajeka, chinoshanda icho chaifamba kupfuura mapoka anoshanda aAristotle. Montesquieu akasimbisa kuti bazi rimwe nerimwe rinofanira kuva rakazvimirira pacharo, kureva kuti vashandi, masimba, uye pfuma hazvifaniri kutsiva.

Kubatsira Kunoita Kufunga Kwemhindumupindu

Mifungo yaMontesquieu yakapararira nokukurumidza muEurope yose neAmerica. Basa rake rakadudzwa zvikuru navatangi veAmerica , avo vakaona mukuparadzana kwamasimba urongwa hwokudzivisa rudzi rwedzvinyiriro rwavakanga vawana mukutonga kweBritain. John Adams, Thomas Jefferson, naJames Madison vose vakabatanidza zvikuru nenharo dzaMontesquieu, vachiawiriranisa nemigariro yakasiana yehurumende. Pakasvika nguva apo Constitution Convention yeMicronome yakava chinhu chinokosha chendangariro yezvamatongerwe enyika yeAmerica.

Pesvedzero Pabumbiro Remitemo reUnited States

Kuumbwa kweBumbiro Remitemo ra 1787

Mabumbiro e United Constitution akatutirwa kuparadzanisa kwamasimba muchimiro chimene chehurumende itsva. Chikamu I chinoumba biadral Conrein[ (Bazu remitemo) (chitendero chehurumende) chine chiremera chimwe chokuita mitemo; Chikamu II chirevo chesimba muboka rimwe [ President ; uye Chikamu III chinosimbisa Dare rakasununguka [ [FLT]] uye matare ehurumende kuti adudzire mitemo iyoyo. Iyi mitatu yakanga iri gadziriro yamaumbirwe yevhuro yevhuro yevhuro yeGene (FLT.Gene Gene Gene Gene Gene Gene Geneasalson)

James Madison, mu [[FT:0] Munyorero N. 51, akatsanangura kuti kuparadzana kwamasimba kwakanga kuchikosha nokuda kwokudzora “mazango” kuti mumuzvarirwo kunofanira kumuka muhurumende ipi neipi. Akanyora, kuti:“ Chirango chinofanira kuitwa kukurira chinzvimbo. Fariro yomunhu inofanira kuva nechokuita nekodzero dzebumbiro remitemo renzvimbo.” Madison akaziva kuti kunyora mitsetse papepa hakungakwani; mapazi aida mutoo nevavariro zvokudzivisa mumwe nomumwe.

Makepi Nedzikamo Zvinoshandiswa

Dare reMitemo reU.S. harisi iro rinogadzira paradzano isingachinjiki. Panzvimbo pezvo, rinogovera bazu rimwe nerimwe maturusi okuganhurira mamwe (maturo) mamiriro anozivikanwa se mipimo nedzinoyera[. Mutungamiriri anogona kuisa mutemo unopfuudzwa neCongress; Chirongwa chedare chinogona kudzora kugadzwa kwevakuru vakuru vaviri nembiri; Dare reSangano rinogadza uye bvumirano; Dare rapamusoro rinogona kuzivisa mitemo kana kuti zviito zvehurumende kupfurikidza nehwirudzuramisiro yedare (simba rinosimbiswa mu . Mastery v[FLT]]] muna 1803) iyi gadziriro inovimbisa kuti batira pamwe chete ishande iri iri madikanwa nokuda kwechiito chakaoma.

Muenzanisiro weAmerica wakava muenzaniso nokuda kwamabumbiro emitemo akawanda akatevera, zvikurukuru muLatin America neEurope. Kugara kwaro mumazana amakore anopfuura maviri. Pasinei zvapo nehondo yavagari vemo, njodzi dzemari, uye nhambo dzekupesana kukuru kwezvamatongerwe enyika (zvinova zvinobvumikisa simba regadziriro inoparira.) Bva tsika yakatarisanawo nenyanduko inopfuurira, zvikurukuru sezvo bazu ravakuru rakawedzera muukuru noukuru chifo cheNew Deance negadziriro yechengeteko yorudzi zvakakura mumhinduro kutyisidziro dzenyika yose.

Kurerwa Nevana Vasiri Vako uye Kusiyana - siyana Munyika Yose

France: Kubva Pakumukira Kuenda kuRepublic Yechishanu

France yakagamuchira kuparadzanisa masimba kwakanga kwakanyongana. Chitendero cha 1791, chakaitwa mukati menhambo dzapakuvamba dzeRevolution yeFrance, chakavamba chigaro chebumbiro remitemo neparadzano yakajeka pakati pesangano remitemo namambo (kuparadza). Kunyange zvakadaro nheyo yacho yakaratidza kuva isina kusimba gurusa reRevolution muCommittee of Public Safety, uye gare gare gare, Napoleon Bonaparte yakaunganidza chiremera mumapazi ose. Muzana ramakore rechi199, France yose yakapesana pakati pehurumende yehurumende, uye repabhuro, hurumende imwe neimwe inoedza nokuparadzirwa kwakasiana kwesimba.

[FTFT Republic [yakagadzwa muna 1958 pasi paCharles de Gaulle] inoparira dzikamo inosiyanisa. Inochengeta mukuru mukuru akasimba(Presidenti) (uyo ane masimba makuru ewirirano nemamiriro engozi, nepo Paramende inoramba ine chiremera chemitemo nePunion yeMitemo yeMitemo inodzoro inodzika miganhu. Vatsoro vanoti tsika inoresa zvikuru kumukuru mukuru mukuru, asi vanoomerera pakuti inopa tsinga kutera kutera kudikataidziko inodikanwa apo inochengeta mibato yechero yehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Germany: Mutemo Mukuru Nokusawirirana

Mutemo wakatanhamara (Grundesetz) wa1944, wakarongwa pashure pezvinotyisa zvoudzvinyiriri hweNazi, unoparadzira noune simba rokudzivisa udzvinyiriri hwenguva yemberi. Boundstag[[[FLT]] [[FLT]] [imba yeguer] na[FLT:] [[4] Boundstrat[ [imba inomirira mitemo yehurumende; [[FLT]] Factal Cancerlages [[FLT]]

Gadziriro yeGermany inoratidzira kuti kuparadzana kwamasimba kunogona sei kushanda mukati megadziriro yeparamende. Kusafanana nomuenzaniso weU.S., umo mukuru mukuru nemutezo wehurumende zvinosarudzwa nenzira yokuzvimirira, mutungamiriri weGermany mutezo weparamende. Kunyange zvakadaro, nzvero dziripo: dare rinogona kuputsa mitemo, Bundesrat inogona kuvhara mutemo wehurumende unotapura fariro dzehurumende, uye vhoti yechivimbo chechivimbo chemutungamiriri anogona kubviswa bedzi kana mutsivi achisarudzwa panguva imwe cheteyo. Iyi gadziriro inoratidzira nheyo yokuti kuparadzana kwamasimba masimba hakusati kuri mutoo mumwe asi maturusi anochinjika kutsika dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzakasiana - siyana.

India: Democracy yeParamende ine Mutongi Anodzora

Dare reIndia (50) rinobatanidza gadziriro yeparamende umo mukuru mukuru (Mukuru Mukuru naDare raVafundisi) akabuda muParamende. Bva Bumbiro reMitemo rinopawo [[[FLT:] Dare [[FLT:]] masimba makuru ehwirudzuro uye anochengeta paradzano yakajeka yemibato. dare rakarova raparadza rapamhindi yemitemo namabasa makuru izvo zvakatyisidzirazve chivako chehwaro chikuru cheBumbiro reMitemo yemitemo, [[FLT]] [FLT] [FL:5], rakagadzwa mu [FL:]

Kunyange mugadziriro umo mukuru mukuru anodzora musangano wemitemo, mutongi akazvimirira anogona kushanda souremu hune simba. Kuda kwedare reIndia kupindira munhau dzemitemo uye chiito chokutungamirira dzimwe nguva kwakanyandura pomero dzevatongi vanotsoropodzwa, zvichisimbisa chinetso chenguva dzose chokurondedzera miganhu yakakodzera pakati pamapazu.

Zvinetso Zvokuparadzana Kwemasimba Mumazuva Ano

Kudzora Kunodzora Nokumuka Kwehurumende Inotonga

Munenge muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu iri yose yebumbiro remitemo, bazu rinotonga rakura zvinoshamisa muzana ramakore rapfuura. Kuoma kwehurumende yazvino uno yezvoupfumi, chengeteko yorudzi, utano hwavanhu, yakatungamirira masangano okugadza chiremera chine revo kusangano guru namasangano akazvimirira. Nepo kazhinji kazhinji kuri madikanwa, iyi hurumende youtarisiri inogona kudzika mitsetse pakati pokuita mutemo nokudzika mutemo, kumutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pei bazu rinoshandisa zvirokwazvo simba.

MuUnited States, purezidhendi vakashandisa nenzira inowedzera miraidzo yokuuraya. , zvirevo [, uye memorada [ kuti vasaita miganhu yemitemo. Vashori vanotaura kuti muitiro uyu unopindira pachiremera chemitemo cheCongress. Vatsigiri vanopindura kuti imhinduro yapamutemo kumabasa okuita uye kuti judicary ichiripo kunzvera kushanda kusiri kwapamutemo kwesimba revakuru. Kuoma kwacho kunoratidza denho yakadzadzadzadza: mamiriro ezvinhu anozviremekedza, asi anosimudzira masangano ezvematongerwe enyika.

Kutonga uye Mitemo Yokududzira

Vafundisi kupota nyika vazova vanokakavara zvikuru, vachikudza basa ravo kubva pachisarudzo chegakava kuhwirudzura mutemo. MuUnited States, zvisarudzo zveDare Rapamusorosoro pamusoro poutano, kubvisa pamuviri, uye roorano zvakagadza nomutoo unobudirira mutemo wenyika, kuchitungamirira vamwe kupomera Dare rokubvuta mabasa emitemo.

Shoko rokuti chiito chemitemo [” rine revo dzisina kunaka nokuda kwaavo vanodavira kuti matare anofanira kuzviisa pasi pamasangano anosarudzwa. Bva vamwe vanotaura kuti hwirudzuro yorutongeso inokosha nokuda kwokudzivirira maruramiro mashoma uye kutsigira nheyo dzebumbiro remitemo. Gakava rinosimbisa dzikamo yakakomba inodikanwa: mutongi anonyanyova chitambi cherabha nokuda kwesimba rehurumende, nepo mumwe anonyanyotemerwa anogona kusekesa chisarudzo chedemocracy . Kuwana maruramiro idenho inopfuurira nokuda kwetsika ipi neipi yapamutemo iyo inokoshesa zvose zviri zviviri murairo nedziviriro mishoma.

Kuchinja Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika Nokuparadzana KwevaNorm

Kuparadzana kwamasimba kunotsamira kwete bedzi pagadziriro dzebumbiro remitemo asiwo pamipimo isinganyorwi yokudzivisana nokuremekedzana pakati pamapazu. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, mademokrati akawanda akawana kukwira kwezvezvamatongerwe enyika [, kunosekesa batira pamwe inonzvera nedzikamo. Apo mativi anorangarirana anorangarira setyisidziro dziripo, kurudziro dzokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, kuchitungamirira kukuderera, kudzokororwa kwemifungo, uye denho pa kuzvimirira kwematare namasangano anotarisira.

United States yakaona kusimbiswa kwavatongi kuchiderera kusvikira kumwero yakaderera munhau, kushandiswa kwechinokurira kuvhara anodokuva mutemo mukuru wose, uye tyisidziro kubvisa kana kuti kuparadza masangano avakuru vakuru. Simba rakafanana rakaoneka munyika dzakadai sePoland, Hungary, uye Turkey, uko vakuru vakuru vanotonga vakatsvaka kuderedza kuzvitonga kwokutonga, kuganhurira rusununguko rwezvinobudisa nhau, uye simba guru mumukuru wehurumende. Izvi zvinoitika zvinobatira sechiyeuchidzo chokuti kuparadzana kwamasimba hakusati kuri kuzviparadzanisa; kunoda kuti vagari vemo uye kirasi yezvamatongerwe enyika vazvirevo zvemitemo.

Denho Yamasimba Ekurumidziro

Nhambo dzenjodzi(_har, denda rezvoupfumi), kuparara kwemari (//smalls), nguva dzose zvakapa ngozi chaiyo kumasimba akaparadzana. Hurumende nenzira yomuzvarirwo dzinotsvaka kuita chiito nokukurumidza uye nenzira yakasimba, kazhinji kazhinji dzinopfuura miitiro yetsika yemitemo yavose. Murakatira weCVOID rema19 wakagovera muenzanisiro wakajeka: nyika dzakawanda dzakaiswa miganhu yokufamba, uye mirairo yenhomba kupfurikidza nemirau yavakuru vakuru, nevanogadza miraudzo ichiita basa rakaderera. Nepo matanho akadaro angaruramiswa nezvinodikanwa zvekukurumidzira zvoutano, idzo dzinowedzerawo chiremera chapamusoro ndokugadza mipimo inogona kupfuurira pashure pokupera kwenjodzi.

Vatsigiri vebumbiro remitemo vakanyevera kwenguva refu kuti masimba ekurumidziro anogona kuva echigarire. Sangano reRoma rehurumende youdzvinyiriri, rakaitirwa kuva hofisi yechinguvana nokuda kwemigariro yekurumidziro, pakupedzisira rakashandiswa zvisina kufanira nenhamba dzakadai seSulla naJulius Caesar kuti vabate udzori hwechigarire. Mabumbiro emitemo azvino uno anowanzobatanidza urongwa hwekudzorwa kwekurumidziro asi anoedza kuganhurira urefu hwayo uye ukukura kwayo. Chinetso ndechokuti masangano ehurumende anogona kuita chimwe chinhu kunjodzi dzechokwadi pasina kubvisa kunzvera kumene kunodzivisa udzvinyirira.

Kuchinja Nheyo Yezana Ramakore Ramakumi Aviri Rokutanga

Kudzora Nyika Yose Nesimba Rinoita Kuti Zvinhu Zvive Zviduku

Kuchinja kweupfumi hwenyika yose uye ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu zvakatanga nzvimbo itsva dzesimba rinoshanda kunze kwegadziriro dzenyika dzegamuchidzanwa. Masangano amarudzi ose, makambani emarudzi akawanda, uye zvikuva zvemitemo zvinogona kushandisa chiremera pavanhu pasina kuzviisa pasi pokuparadzana kwenguva dzose kwemasimba. Nyika dzingapa chiremera chokudzora kumitumbi yamarudzi ose.

Nyanzvi dzemitemo dziri kunzvera kuti nheyo yokuparadzana kwamasimba inogona sei kugadziridzwa kuidzi zvokwadi itsva. Vamwe vanokarakadza kuti utarisiri hwedemocracy hunofanira kuperekedza nhume dzose dzechiremera, kungave kuboka ramarudzi akawanda kana kuti kugadziriro yokugadzira. Vamwe vanoita nharo nokuda kwezvimiro zvitsva zvesangano, zvakadai semirayiro yetsika dzinozvimirira kana kuti mahofisi okuzvidavirira, kuzadza mikaha yakasiiwa namapazu egamuchidzanwa. Njerevo huru inoramba iripo: uko simba rinoshandiswa, rinofanira kunzverwa namasangano anodzivisa kuchengetedza rusununguko.

Dzidzo Yemibatanidzwa Nokuvimba Nemasangano

Panenge pasina gadziriro yebumbiro remitemo inogona kushanda pasina tsigiro yevagari vemo vanoziva uye vakabatana. Apo vagari vemo vasinganzwisisi mabasa emapazu akasiyana - siyana, ivo vari nyore zvikuru kudenha kuzvimirira kwehurumende. Kuvimba kwavanhu mumatare, matare anogadza mitemo, uye vakuru vakuru kwaderera muhurumende dzakawanda dzinosarudzwa navanhu, nzvimbo inozarurira vatungamiriri vanovimbisa kupfuudza kana kuti kuparadza zvikamu uye ganhuriro muzita rekubudirira kana kuti kuda kwakakurumbira.

Dzidzo yeCUBIC inobatanidza nhau uye rondedzero yokuparadzana kwamasimba naizvozvo inokosha nokuda kwokusimba kwedemocracy. Vagari vanofanira kudzidza kwete bedzi mitemo yakarongwa asiwo zvikonzero nei matare akazvimirira, matare okugadza, uye vakuru vakuru vanodzorwa nemitemo. Vanofanira kuzivawo kuti kuparadzana kwamasimba hakusati kuri mhinganidzo kuhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu asi panzvimbo pezvo chimwe chezvipikirwa zvayo zvinokosha zvikurusa.

Nguva Yemberi Yamasimba Akaparadzana

Kuwedzera kwekuongorora zvinhu kuri kuitika, kuwanda kwezvinobudisa nhau, kuwanda kwemari mune zvematongerwe enyika, uye matambudziko anokonzerwa nokutyisidzira kwenyika dzose zvose zvinoda kufunga kutsva pamusoro pokuti tingaparadzira sei uye tingaongorora sei simba.

Chinoramba chiri chenguva dzose inzwisiso huru yokuti simba (pasinei nechinhu chinorishandisa) rinofanira kuva rakaganhurirwa nerakadzikama. VaGiriki vekare vakanzwisisa kuti chiremera chokupa ngwariro mumunhu mumwe kana kuti mutumbi mumwe chinokoka kubatwa zvisina kufanira; Montesquieu akapa nzwisiso iyoyo chimiro chakarongwa; uye mazana maviri amakore enzvero yebumbiro remitemo akaratidzira zvose zviri zviviri kudikanwa kwaro nokusashanda kwaro. Sezvatinotarisana nedenho dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzezana ramakore ramakumi maviri namatanhatu, murangariro wenhau pamusoro pokuparadzaniswa kwamasimba unopa mhinduro kwete rondedzero yakarongwa asi gadziriro yemibvunzo yakarurama.

Vagari, vaiti vemitemo, uye vatongi vanofanira kuramba vakasvinurira kuunganidzwa kwakanyarara kwechiremera nebazu ripi neripi. Vanofanirawo kuziva kuti kuparadzana kwemasimba hakusi dzidziso yepamutemo chete asi muitiro wezvematongerwe enyika unotsamira patsika, kuzvidzora, uye kuzvipira pamwe chete kuhurumende yepamutemo. Nguva yemberi yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu ingasanotsamira pakuti tinogona kutsigira here muitiro iwoyo mukutarisana nedzvinyiriro itsva nemiedzo yekare.

Nokuda kwokuravazve pamusoro pemipimo yenhau nerondedzero yenhau iyi, bvunza STtanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy kupinza pa .kutungamirira masimba[, [[FLT]] Enclopedia Britannica [[[[FLT:]] nyaya pa [FLT:] Manteusquieueu nesangano , uye [FLT] Center yezviteshinga] ye [FFLT].FFF]