Kunzwa kweCongress kune nzvimbo huru mugadziriro yemitemo yeAmerica, ichibatira seimwe yamasangano makuru ayo vaiti vemitemo vanounganidza nawo mashoko, kubvunza vakuru vakuru vebazu, uye namaune pamiitiro inokarakadzwa. Nokuda kwenzanga dzeIndaneti, uku kunzwa hakusati kuri kungovawo zvakwo kugadzikiswa kwemagariro echienzi; kazhinji kazhinji inhambo dzinokosha dzinogona kutungamirira nzira yemitemo yehurumende yeIndia, inopesvedzera kutarisirwa kwenyika dzemarudzi, uye inodzoserazve ukama pakati penyika dzemarudzi makuru enyika nehurumende yeUnited States. Kubva kukurukurirano dzekaresatepfekedzero muzana ramakore rechi 19 kusvikira kubvunzurudzo dzezuva rechadenga dzechadenga nedzoro yetsika, kamuri rokunzwa rave nzvimbo umo manzwi, nguva zhinji manzwi anenge ari maregirwo, anodzorwa nokuda kwokuzivikanwa, uye kugadziriswa kwemikana yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende. Nyanyu inonzvera kuti ishandukirei, kunzvera migariro yetsika yetsika yetsika, kunzvera nokuda kwemiteo yetsika yedzinza, migumisiro yendudzi, mifungo yendudzi, migumisiro

Basa Rekutongwa Kwemisangano

Kutongwa kweCongress kunoitwa nematare kana kuti masangano maduku eInday of Scretates kana kuti Dare. Zvinobatira madonzo matatu akafara: chigamuchi (kuunganidza mashoko okunyora mabhiriti), utariri (kuhwirudzura kuitwa kwemitemo iripo nezviito zvokutungamirira), uye kuongorora (kunzvera zvinetso zvakati kana kuti kunzi zvakaipa). Nokuda kwenhau dzeIndation, kunzwa kunowanzoitwa neDare reDare reVamirioni reAffainse (SCIA) neGuer Natural Resociars Com Committee yeIgate yaMany Peoples of United States. Matare aya ane chiremera pamusoro penhau dzinobva patsika dzorudzi uye nyika dzinozvitaura kuti dzizvinakire kudzidzo, dzidzo, tarisiro yezvoutano, uye kutarisirwa kwezvinhu zvomuzvarirwo.

Mukati mokutonga kwenguva dzose, boka ravatungamiriri vedzinza rinoumbwa neboka rehurumende, vamiririri vesangano rehurumende, nyanzvi dzedzidzo, uye sangano rokuva mudzori vamiririri vanogadzira zvinhu (vamiririri) vanogadzirira chipupuriro uye ipapo vanopindura mibvunzo kubva kumitezo yedare. chinyorwa chevhidhiyo zvinova rutivi rwechinyorwa chavose, kuzivisa mutemo unotevera nokugovera nheyo nokuda kwoutariri hwenguva yemberi. Kunzanga dzeIReligion, nzeve dzinogona kuva nzvimbo isingawanzotauriri zvakananga kuvagadziri vemitemo vehurumende, kupfuudza mirwi yehurumende uye kuunza zvinhu zvomunzvimbomo kungwariro dzorudzi. Gadziro rinobvumirawo kusuma ufakazi hwenhau, mepuko, rondedzero dzetsika, uye kunzvera kuti zvigoramba zviri mumishumo yesangano.

Zvinokosha kuti kunzwa kugone kuita kuti vanhu vanzwe zvinodzidzisa vakawanda nezvenhau dzezvizvarwa. Panenge paine gakava guru rakadai sokuvakwa kwepaipi yeoiri nenzvimbo dzinoyera kana kuti kusvibiswa kwemadzitateguru kunogara muimba yokuteerera, kazhinji kunoisa ngwariro inokurudzirwa navanoronga mitemo kuti vaite. Kuvapo kwemakamera eterevhizheni uye vatori venhau kunogona kusimudzira kurwisana kwerudzi kubva mugakava romunzvimbomo kukurukurirano yenyika.

Tapuro Pamitemo Nokutonga

Muuyo wakananga wemitemo wokunzwa wakakura. Chipupuriro nemibvunzo mitezo zvinogona kubvisa mikaha mumutemo uripo, kundikano dzamasangano, uye kugovera hwaro hwechokwadi nokuda kwegadziriro itsva dzemitemo. Somuenzaniso, chiratidzo Chivimbo cheAmerican Graves Protection and Repatriation Act [NAGRA] Act , chakaitwa muna 1990, chakaumbwa nokunzwa kwakawanda kwemitsetse yamakore anoverengeka. Vatungamiriri vemitengo namamiziyamu yemiyuzi vakapupurira pamusoro pokupararira kwenzvimbo dzokuviga dzeManda namatura okuchengeta matura avanhu mumibatanidzwa enyika pasina kubvumirana. Kunzwa kwakabudisa chinyorwa icho chibvumirano chinopwisa muchato kuti chidzorerwe zvisaririra zvezvisaririra uye zvetsika kumitsetse yemitsetse yamarudzi nendudzi.

Nenzira yakafanana, kunzwa pa Indian Une conself-Dreintation and Education Act [ISDEA], kwakatanga kupfuura muna 1975 ndokugadziridzwa kanoverengeka chifo, kwave kuchikosha mukufutunuka kwoudzori hwehurumende papurogiramu. Mukati moutariri, zvapupu zvakanyora kuti kuramba kwechiuto nemari isina kukwana zvakasekesa nhevedzano yedzinza. Mumhinduro, Congress akagadziridza ISDEA kuti ae Aendrorine miitiro yokubatanidza uye kuwedzera kufambidzana, zvichibvumira ndudzi kuti dzidzore dzidzo dzadzo dzoutano hwadzo, dzidzo, uye mabasa enzanga.

Kunzwa kunopesvedzerawo bhajeti yehurumende. Muitiro wegore negore wemari unobatanidza kunzwa uko Bureau of Indian Affairs, Indian Health Service, uye mamwe masangano anoruramisa zvikumbiro zvavo zvemari. Chipupuriro cheruwa chinosimbisa zvinodikanwa zvisina kutsarukana zvezvoutano panzvimbo dzapamberi kana kuti kuchengetwa kwomutemo kwakaderera kunotungamirira kukuwedzera mitsarano yemari yokupedzisira. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, kunzwa pamusoro pe [FLT: 0] UPUPUPUNGANGANGANGANGANGANA NAVALY (VA)] (VA) kudzoserazve kushatsiridza utsotsi hweutsotsi hwendudzi dzendudzi dzinonzi vemo dzinoita masimba masimba masimba omumusha muChiIndia, kuchinja chakachinjwa muna 2013 na20222 VWA.

Uyezve, kana kutongwa kwemitemo kukavakwa nedare rinodzorwa nehurumende, zvinyorwa zvokunzwa zvinogona kushandiswa neWhite House, Department of the Interior, kana kuti Department of Justice kururamisa chinjo dzemiitiro kupfurikidza nemirairo yemiraudzo kana kuti zviratidzo zvevakuru vakuru.

“ Kunzwa ndiko kunoziviswa maidi uye uko tinogona kuita kuti hurumende izvidavirire, pasina zvinyorwa zvokunzwa, kukunda kwakawanda kwatakawana muuchangamire hwedzinza kwaizodai kusina kubvira.” — chipupuriro chasachigaro wedzinza mukati mokutongwa kwe 2021 SCIA.

Fundo Dzezvinoitika Dzenzeve Dzakaoma

Dakota Access Pippine Divings (206-2019)

Gakava pamusoro peDakota Access Pipeline (DAPL) rakava nzvimbo inoyera yenyika nokuda kwekodzero dzevagari vemo, ruramisiro, uye miitiro yehurumende yokubvumira. Kunzwa kwakawanda kwakaitwa, kubatanidza kukwirira 2017 kuchinzwa pamberi peDare reSaintal Committee on Indian Affaits rakatuminnwa kuti “Datal Accence nedine Factive Conquencemental Concultivation.” Pashoko iroro, Stand Rock Sior Chairman Daving uye Archabant II yakapupurira pamusoro petyisidziro yepaipi yemvura yerudzi uye nzvimbo dzinoyera. Argue Corress of Enginers dzakatarisanawo nokusaidzwa kwadzorwa kukuru kwemhoteredzo yavo kana kuti vawane mutezoro mukuru wedzinza redzinza. Nepo kudzorero rehurumende yamarudzi akawanda ramato: apo trapperson aindement inobudisa tract, anoparira dare renyika yose rinoda kudzosera kudzodzosera kudzosera kudzosera kupfurikidza kwemitezo. [20]

Indian Child Welfare Act (ICWA) Kunzwa (206-2022)

Chisarudzo cheIndian Child Welfare Act[[FLT: 1], chakapfuudzwa muna 1978 kudzivisa kubviswa kwavana veMarudzi kumhuri dzavo nendudzi, chakatarisana nedenho dzapamutemo dzakadzokororwa. Mukutevera chisarudzo cheRepadhiki yeChivanze cha 2018 mu [[FLT:] Brackenne v. Zinke[[FLT]]][[FLT]]] yakarovanya ICWA, Congress dzakaita kuti dzisarurire kunzvera simba rekutonga uye kurangarira chinjo dzemitemo. Chipupuriro chinobva kumhuri dzemaruwa, vana nyanzvi dzegarikanwo, uye vatungamiriri vemo vakasimbisa njodzi yemaIndia yokubvisa mwana nenzvimbo yeICA inodzosanwa mukuita kuti inzwirwe. Iyi haina kuguma nokubvumira pamutemo kubetsera kutsigira kutsigira kuteverwa kwemitemo itsva, asi zvinobetsera kutsigira kutsigira kutsigira kutongwa kweDare renhau renyika yose. [VF.]

Nyika Inotenga Purogiramu Yeshure uye Nyika Yokuvimba Nayo

Nyika Inotenga-Mood Program yeTribal Nations, yakagadzirwa pasi pechiwiriso cheCobell kuti itsigire kuva nenzvimbo dzakakashaikwa, yave iri nhau yokunzwa kwakawanda kwokutarisira kubvira paichitanga chayo cha 2013. Chipupuriro chakaratidza kuti purogiramu, nepo yabudirira mukutenga mamirioni ehekita, yakatarisana nokutora rutivi kwemabhotoro okudzora kubva kumamwe marudzi. Mumhinduro, Congress yakava nokunzwa kuti ikurumidze simba renyika nokukura pamusoro pezvibvumirano zvenyika. Nenzira yakafanana, kunzwa paBato reMozay’slands commu trayrome tray kunoitwa kuti ive mamiriro okubudirira kwemari, kupfurikidza nokuwana mugariro wemari unovadziko.

Magetsi eIndia Nemineral Resource Anonzwa

Kunzwa pamusoro pekukura kwesimba muIndian Country kwakaumba miitiro pamusoro pesimba redzinza, hwirudzuro, uye kugoveranwa kwemari. Somuenzaniso, 2005 kunzwa pamusoro pe Indian Tribal Energy Development neSelf-Dterminitination Act [[ (MVURA]) yakagadzirira nzira yokuti ndudzi dzipinde muzviteshi zvesimba zvisina rehurumende zvinobvumira nyika. Iyi kurukurirano huru kuidzoro kukuzvidzora. Mumitengo ichangobva kupfuura iyi yeProveramendi yePromendity [20] $2110]-2023), mitezo yeCress uye yemitengo yemitengo yamarudzi (5, mhepo) inoita kuti idzorevese mamiriro ezvinhu adzo adzo munyika dzemarudzi uye mativi anoyera enzvimbo dzinoyera. Iyi yavevedzero.

Matambudziko Nemikana

Pasinei zvapo nebviro yazvo, kutongwa kwedare kunotarisana nedenho dzinokosha dzegadziriro nezvamatongerwe enyika idzo dzinogona kuganhurira kubudirira kwadzo nokuda kwenzanga dzokuMadokero.

Kuchinja Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika Nesimba Redare

Zvikamu zvevateereri zvinowanzotapura zvirongwa zvokunzwa, kusanangurwa kwouchapupu, uye mapani emibvunzo. Apo boka rine simba rinorangarira uchangamire hwedzinza setyisidziro kudzvurudzo yechinhu chomuzvarirwo kana kuti kodzero dzezvinhu, kunzwa kungavawo kudzorwa, zvapupu zvinobva kundudzi dzinobvunzurudzwa noutsinye. Nhau dzinobatanidzwa nokuda kwechibvumirano chegweta redzinza dzinogona kusunungura chikamu chedare. Zvikurukuru kana chigaro chichibva kunyika ine vanhu vakawanda vechiIndia, chingagonawo kupesvedzera ukuru hwengwarukunyorerwa. MuKingress yechi 118, SCIA yave ichiri chinoshingaira asi kutsigira nokuda kwavashandi vanotarisira havagoni kupfuudza, zvichiita zvakaoma zvikuru kutungamirira mukunzvera.

Kuzivikanwa Nezvinobudisa Nhau Zvisina Kunyanya Kunaka uye Kuzivikanwa Nevanhu

Mazuva okunzwa akawanda anogona kuzununguswa nezvimwe zvinoitika zvenyika. Nepo paipi yepaipi yemapaipi yakakwirira yokunzwa ingakweva makamera eterevhizheni, kunzwa kwomuitiro pamusoro pedzidzo, utano, kana kuti dzimba kusingawaniwi kurukurirano. Uku kushaikwa kwengwariro kunoreva kuti vanhu havatongonzwi ukuru hwakazara hwezvinodikanwa zvedzinza, uye vaiti vemiitiro vanotarisana nedzvinyiriro shoma kuti vaite. Vatsigiri vemitengo vanoshandisa zvinobudisa mashoko zvenzanga uye kumhanya kuti vazadze mukaha wacho, asi idzi nhamburiko hadzigoni kusvitsa mashoko makuru.

Kunonoka Kwehurumende uye Kutevera Kupfuura Kukundikana

Kunyange kana kunzwa kuchiita kuti pave nouchapupu hwakajeka uye kurumbidza kwakajeka, kushandisa zvikarakadzo izvozvo kungatora makore. Zvirongwa zvingadzivisa kuchinja kwemitemo, kana kuti Congress ingakundikana kunyora mari yakakodzera. Somuenzaniso, kunzwa nezvokudiwa kwedzimba dziri nani panzvimbo dzazvakakapoteredza kwakatungamirira kuzvikwereti zvakadzorwa mudare, nepo vatungamiriri vemadzinza vachidzoka gore negore kuzopupurira nezvokuperevedza kumwe cheteko. Uyezve, kushayikwa kwegadziriro yepamutemo yokuongorora kana mabasa esangano achiwirirana nokurumbidza kunzwa kunoreva kuti zvimwe zvipupuriro zvinodzorwa zvinodzorwa nenzira inobudirira.

Kunzvera Kwamarudzi Kwakakwana

Mitongo haisati iri mutsivi wekurukurirano yehurumende nehurumende. Nepo vachigovera nzvimbo yokupupurira, gadziriro yakarongeka inowanzoganhurira kurukurirano huru. Zvapupu zvinobvumirwa zvakapararira mumaminiti mashanu bedzi nokuda kwokutaura, uye Q&A inogona kudzorwa kana kuti kudzorwa navaiti vemitemo vekurukurirano dzezvamatongerwe enyika. Vatungamiriri vazhinji vendudzi vanotaura kuti kunzwa kunofanira kubatanidzwa nokunzwa kwapanzvimbo dzakachengetwa, uko mitezo yenzanga inogona kutora rutivi zvizere zvikuru. Hurumende yeIntergate yakavamba kugamuchira mitoo yakawanda yokukurukura kukurukura kunobetsera, asi matare edare akarongwa ave achiwirirana nokugadziridza.

Mikana Yokushandisa Unyanzvi Hwekugadzira Zvinhu uye Kuvaka Zvinhu Zvine Mutengo

Kunzwa kwemichina, kwakava kwakakurumbira mukati medenda reCOVID, kwakawedzera kukwanisa kupinda kwezvapupu zvisingagoni kuenda kuWashington. Chipupuriro chiri kure chakabvumira vakuru, pwere, uye mitezo yemadzinza okumaruwa kutora rutivi pasina mutengo uye mutoro wekufamba kwemitauro. Kunyange zvazvo mamwe matare adzoka mumichina inotumira, mamwe anochengeta zvisarudzo zvine mvumo. Kushandiswa kwezvibvumirano zvakanyorwa nemashoko evhidhiyo zvakawedzerawo chinyorwa. Mukuwedzera, madzinza nekodzero dzavagari vemo, uye masangano avashandi akasimbisa pesvedzero yokunzwa. Apo mapoka akawanda anotsinhirana, anogona kukwezva zvikuru uye kushandisa dzvinyiriro huru pavaiti vemitemo.

Miitiro Yemisi Ichangobva Kupfuura Nenhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi

Mumakore mashomanene apfuura, miitiro inoverengeka yakabuda iyo iri kuderedza pesvedzero yokunzwa pamuitiro wokuMarudzi.

Chisarudzo cheDare Gurusa [[FLT: 0]Oklama v. Castro-hurtata

Chisarudzo cha 2022 Dare Gurusa chokuti Oklahoma ine chiremera chapanguva imwe pamusoro poutsotsi husiri hwamaNati aipomerwa paruwa. Nokukurumidza pashure pechisarudzo chacho, Dare reDare reSamende paIndian Affairs rakava nezita rokuti “Kutonga kwe Dare reHubrtrata nokuda kweSafety neTribal Commonism. [Zvapupu zvakamutsa] alamu pamusoro pokukamuraniswa kwomutemo uye kuderera kwehurumende yedzinza. Nepo pasina mutemo unopfuudzira kuputsa chisarudzo, mabhiridhi anoburitswa pamusoro pekurukurirano dzinojekesa Hurumende yeChirevo. Yakaro yeChirevo yakaparirawokaro chemitemo yetsika yedzinza kusimbisa kukurukurirana kwedzinza mubatanidzwa.

Kunyorwazve kweVAWA Nokukura Kwokutongwa Kwedzinza

Kunzwa pamusoro peRhale Against Women Act muna 2021 na 2022 kwaitsoropodza mukuwedzera udzori hweutsotsi hwedzinza kuti hufukidze vapari vemhosva vasiri vedzinza muzvinoitika zvedenho yevatano, kutyisidzira, uye kutengesa vatano. Vatungamiriri vemadzinza navapukunyuki vakapupurira pamusoro pemikaha mururamisiro yakasiya vapari vemhosva vasingarangwi. VaWa 20222 vanobatanidza gadziriro yokudzora utsotsi hwedzinza rose (kwete masimba emhuri) nokuda kwechiverengero chakaganhurirwa chendudzi. Kunzwa kuchava kunokosha kutevera kubudirira kwouyu mutyairi wendege uye kusimudzira nokuda kwewedzero yechigarire.

Ruramisiro Yemhoteredzo Nechiito Chokuderedza Kukura Kwemari

Dare reCongress rapachikamu chedare remitemo yemhoteredzo muna 2021 na 2022 chakapa chikuva kundudzi dzakatapurwa nokushatiswa kwemhepo, kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze, uye kunyorwa. Chipupuriro chinobva kuNavajo, Guch’in Sering Committee, uye vamwe vakabetsera kuumba Kuiswa muMutengo Wapasi [[[FLT]] mabhiriyoni 40 [madhora ane mabhiriyoni 40] mumitengo yenzvimbo yenzvimbo, kubatanidza micheto yenzanga dzemadzinza.

Kusimbisa Kunzvera Kunoitirwa Hurumende

Zvikarakadzo zvokubatanidza zvinodikanwa zvokubvunza ndudzi kuva mutemo zvakabuda pashure pokunzwa kwaichitevera kukundikana kwamasangano kutevera murairo wazvino uno. Zvikwereti zvinoverengeka, kubatanidza Truth neHealing Commission on Indian Boarding School Policies Act, zvafambira mberi pashure peuchapupu hwemirangariro kubva kuvapukunyuki. Kunzwa pamusoro penhaka yebhodhingi, yakaitwa muna 2022 ne 2023, kwakaunzwa kujekesera basa renhau rehurumende mukumanikidzirwa mubato weIndiya Board Colication uye kutungamirira ku Department rechinyorwa chePrectory. Idzi dzino dzinoratidzira kuti kufambidzana kupfurikidza nokuoneka kwenhau mufambidzano yenhau kunyange munharaunda dzenhau.

mhedziso

Kunzwa kweCongregation kunoramba kuchikosha nokuda kwemiitiro yokuumba kodzero dzevagari vemo nenyika. Zvinogovera nhevedzano yakananga yekurukurirano pakati pavatungamiriri vemaIndia navanogadzira mitemo vehurumende, zvinogadzira zvinyorwa zvavose zvinotsigira nokurayira, uye zvinogona kuita kuti pave nechiito chehurumende nedare. Zvisinei, kubudirira kwavo kunodzorwa nokukamukana kwezvamatongerwe enyika, kuregeredzwa, kushaikwa kwezvinobudisa nhau, kufambiswa kwemiitiro yemajeredhi, uye kuganhurirwa kwemifungo yavo yetsika. Kuwedzera simba ravo, Congresssssss inofanira kuvimbisa kuti kunzwa kunoperekedzwa nokukurukurirana nehurumende yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende, kuti zvapupu zvamarudzi zvinopiwa nguva yakakwana neruremekedzo, uye kuti kunzwa kunoitwa kuti kuteverwa nokushandiswa kwadzorwa. Kubudirira kwemiteverwa kwemitevendichangano yemite, kunopa nzira itsva nokuda kwokutora rutivi rwakakwirira rwemite, uye kutoo inotsigirwa pakudzorwa, panzvimbo dzapamhozo dzamabva, padziri dzinoteverwa, padziripoteve

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