Kupesvedzera Kwemitemo yeHurumende Pamamiriro Ezvinhu Omugwagwa uye Kuchengeteka

Mugariro wemigwagwa yomunzvimbomo nekotsekano yomunhu ari wose anoifamba wakaumbwa negadziriro dzinovamba pamwero wenyika. Mitemo yehurumende inogadza hwaro hwemavakirwe emigwagwa, kuchengetwa, uye kuiswa kwamapurisa. Nokuda kwavadzidzisi, vadzidzi, uye mitezo yenzanga, kunzwisisa iyi batano inokosha kukurevererwa kwemigwagwa yakakotsekana nenzvimbo dzakavimbika zvikuru. Nyaya inonzvera mitoo iyo mutemo wehurumende unotapura nayo migariro yomumugwagwa, unosimbisa denho nebudiriro, uye unopa nzwisiso munhungamiro dzomunguva yemberi dzemiitiro nemuitiro.

Kunzwisisa Kuchinja Kwemitemo

Mitemo yenyika inodzora zvinhu zvose zvokutarisira migwagwa, kubva pakuvaka kusvika pakugovera mari. Hurumende dzemo padzinenge dzichitarisira mabasa ezuva racho, dzinofanira kushanda maererano nemitemo yenyika. Ukama uhwu hwehurumende hunoreva kuti kuchinja kwemararamiro enyika kunogona kuchinja kuti kuvhiringidze migwagwa yomunharaunda munzira huru.

Nzvimbo Huru Dzepesvedzero yeHurumende

Nheyo dzakawanda dzinoratidza kuti mitemo yenyika inoita sei zvakananga kuti mugwagwa ugare zvakanaka:

  • Kuisa nokuronga mari: bhajeti dzeHurumende dzinosarudza kuti imarii inofambiswa kunzvimbo, maguta, uye mataundi nokuda kwokugadzira migwagwa, kugadzira, uye kuvakwa kutsva. Marobhoti akashandiswa (kazhinji kazhinji akavakirwa padaro redaro, chiverengero chavagari vemo, kana kuti motokari makiromita anofamba /can anoparadza mativi ose emaguta namaruwa.
  • Mipimo yeChikomupiyuta neProgramu: Madhipatimendi eHurumende ezvokufambisa (maDOT) anopa zvitsama zvezvishandiswa, upamhi hwemugwagwa, upamhi hwenzira, mapurani emafudzi, uye kubuda kwemvura. Masangano omunzvimbomo anofanira kugamuchira iyi mipimo kana kuti kuwana zviwitsi, izvo zvinogona kuganhurira kuvandudza kana kuti kuisa ndyiko dzakakwirira.
  • Traffic and Safety Regional: Vagadziri vemitemo yeHurumende vanogadza ganhuriro dzekumhanya, zvikumbaridzo zveDuI, zvinodikanwa zvezvigaro, uye mitemo nokuda kwavashandisi vemigwagwa vasina dziviriro vakadai savanofamba nevanochovha bhasikoro. Kuchengetwa kwemitemo iyi kwomunzvimbomo kunokosha kukushanda kwavo.
  • [[[NHAU: 0] Mhesano neNyika Zvinoshandisa Poricies: Hurumende zvinodikanwa zvehwirudzuro yemhoteredzo, mitemo yokudzora mvura yedutu, uye mitemo yakakwana yemigwagwa inopesvedzera nzira dzinorongwa nokuparadzwa nadzo.

Kushandisa Michina: Kwakabva Mari

Mari inopiwa nehurumende yepamigwagwa inobva pazvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana, kusanganisira mitero yemafuta, mari yemotokari, mari yemari yemari, uye mari inopiwa nehurumende.

Mitero Yemafuta Nokuderera Kwemari Inotambiswa

Mari yamagamuchidzanwa inotsamira zvikuru pamitero yepeturesi yejira. Sezvo motokari dzinova dzinoshanda zvakanaka zvikuru uye motokari dzemagetsi dzinova dzinokurumbira, iyi mitero inodzorwa kana kuti kuderera. Nyika zhinji hadzina kugadziridza mwero yemitero yegasi nokuda kwokukwira kwemitengo mumakore, kuchitungamirira kukuperevedza nokuda kwokugadziridzwa kwemigwagwa yomunzvimbomo. Mukuwirirana ne National Conference of State Legislatures[, Hurumende dzakatendeukirazve kumimwe mitengo yakadai semitero yomusha wavashandi, mitero yokutengesa pamusoro pepeturo yemari yomumugwagwa, kana kuti kuwedzera mumitero yokunyoresa kubhiri yokuvhara kubhiri.

Mafomu Okuparadzira Nokukwana

Marongedzere anoita nyika mari yayo yezvokufambisa inogona kuita vakundi navakundi. Dzimwe nyika dzinoshandisa nzira idzo daro remitaro inorema zvikuru, iro rinobetsera misha yomumaruwa nemigwagwa mirefu, yakaparadzana. Dzimwe dzinoisa nhamba yezviteshi zvemotokari kana kuti chiverengero chavagari vemo, dzichitungamirira mari yakawanda kumisha yomumaguta. Mushumo 2022 unoitwa na TRIP, boka renzvero yokufambisa renyika [[, wakawana kuti munyika umo hurumende dzomunharaunda dzinowana chikamu chakasikirwa chemitero yemari yehurumende, migariro yomumaruwa inowanzova nourombo zvikuru nemhaka yokuti mutengo wokuchengeta makirogiramu.

Mitemo Yokuvaka Nezvayakaita Munharaunda

Mipimo yokuvaka yakagadzirwa yakagadzirwa kuva nechokwadi chekotsekano nokugara kwenguva refu, asi inogonawo kuisa misengwa iyo nzvimbo duku dzinoparapatika kusvitsa. Somuenzaniso, hurumende ingada migwagwa mitsva yose kubatanidza kudzora gradandgradagte, migwagwa, uye migwagwa yebhasikoro (kunyange munzvimbo dzakaderera dzezvikamu 93densia umo zvinhu zvakadaro zvinova nedziviriro nokuwanika zvishoma. Nepo izvi zvinodikanwa zvichivandudza purojekiti, zvinogona kukwidza ndyiko dzinooneka, kuchitungamirira dzimwe hurumende dzomunzvimbomo kukurumidzisa kuvandudza.

Kuedza Kupfava

Dzichiziva chinetso chimwe chamagiramugiramu , dzimwe nyika dzakagamuchira mitemo inodzorwa nemamiriro ezvinhu akapoteredza anobvumira masangano omunzvimbomo kugadziridza mipimo yezvinodikanwa zvenzanga yawo. “Programu inodzorwa ne", somuenzaniso, inobvumira nzira nhetete nekona dzakakomba zvikuru munharaunda dzinogara kuti zvidzikamise kufamba kwemotokari, chero bedzi chengeteko isingakanganiswi. Mitemo yakadaro inoita kuti mainjiniya omunzvimbomo aite zvisarudzo zvinobetsera zvinovandudza chengeteko yemugwagwa pasina kuisa bhajeti remari risina kuoma.

Kubatsira Kunoita Mavara Akanaka uye Chirwere Choupenyu

Mitemo yehurumende inodzorawo nzira dzokuchengeta mugwagwa. Dzimwe nyika dzinoda masangano omunzvimbomo kushandisa mavhenganiswa chaiwo (sember, fish mimix asphalt) kana kuti kutevera upamhi huduku hwemugwagwa. Idzi zvinodikanwa zvinogona kutapura urefu hwemigwagwa uye uwandu hwekuonekazve. Nzvero yakaitwa ne Fantation for Pavement Village [ inokarakadza kuti zvine chokuita nezvirongwa zvokutarisira upenyu zvakarayirwa nokuda kwemigwagwa yomunzvimbomo inoona migwagwa yakaderera panhambo refu nemhaka yokuti kuchengetwa kunokosha kunoderedza kudikanwa kwokuvakazve.

Mitemo Yokuchengeteka Kwemotokari Nokumanikidzwa

Mitemo yemigwagwa inoisa mipimo yetsika dzakachengeteka mumigwagwa.

Miganhu Yekurumbi

Nepo zviremera zvomunzvimbomo zvichiwanzogadza ganhuriro dzekumhanya pamigwagwa inogara vanhu, mirau yehurumende inodzora kumhanya kukuru mumigwagwa mikuru nemumaatomu makuru. Kunzvera 2021 kupfurikidza ne Insurence Institute for Highway Safety [IIIHS]) kwakawana kuti kukwidza ganhuriro dzechimbichimbi - mhanya ne 5 mph pamaruwa eruwa kunotungamirira kukuwedzera kwe 8% mukufa. Kuderera kwesipidhi, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzomumaguta, kwakaratidzwa kuderedza rufu rwavanofamba netsoka. Mitengo inopa hurumende dzoruzhinji rudzo rudzo rwokuisa muganhu rune muganhu pasi pezvisarira zva Leta kazhinji inoona miuyo yakakotsekana yakako.

Mitemo yeDui Nemitemo

Mitemo yehurumende inorondedzera mwero yeropa rezvinodhakisa zvisizvo (BALC) uye zvirango zvinorema nokuda kwokutyaira mupesvedzero inotapura zvikuru chengeteko yomumugwagwa. Mitengo mirefu inembiri ine muganhu wese pari pa 0.08% BAC; Utah yakaderedza kusvika ku 0.05% muna 2018. Nzvero ne Nationalalwal Highgay Traffic Safety Administration[ yakawana kuti mutemo waUtah wakanga wakabatanidzwa nokuderera kwe 19% munjodzi dzinouraya. Madhipati emapurisa omunharaunda anosungirwa mitemo iyi inoita kuti ive mari inodzorwa yetsika neyavose inoshanda zvikuru.

Mitemo Yesimbi Neyesimbi

Mitemo ine mitemo yezvigaro zvikuru [1] umo mukuru mukuru anogona kumisa motokari nokuda kwokuputswa kwechigaro chete , ine mwero yakakwirira yebhande kupfuura iyo ine ganhuriro dzesekondari. Mukuwirirana ne Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), hurumende dzehwaro dzine mwero yemibato inoshandiswa inosvika 90%, kana ichienzaniswa na 80% munyika dzezviteshi zvenguva yapfuura. Nenzira yakafanana, mitemo yemidhudhudhudhudhu inoderedza musoro wePrejury Ofections. Apo nyika dzinoona iyi mitemo yomunzvimbomo njodzi dzinova nedzivisirwa.

Mitemo Yenzira Yakaoma Kudzora

Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, nyika dzakawanda dzakagadza “mitemo inodzorwa nomutemo wemugwagwa” inoisa zvirango zvakakwirira nokuda kwavatyairi vanofamba netsoka vanokuvadza kana kuti vanouraya vanofamba netsoka, kana kuti vashandi vomumugwagwa. Iyi mitemo inowanzoda nhimbe dzedzidzo dzomunzvimbomo nemuunganidzwa wemashoko kuti zvive zvinoshanda.“ Mamita Matatu nokuda kweSafety” omutemo weCalifornia, uyo unoraira vatyairi kupa vatyairi vamabhasi vebhasi vebhasi vanenge makumbo matatu, unodzorwa pamwero womunzvimbomo uye wakashumwa nokuderedza kubonderana kwebhasikoro mumaguta akadai seSan Francisco neLos Angeles.

Zvinetso Zvinotarisana Nezviremera Zvenharaunda Mukushandisa Mitemo yeHurumende

Kunyange zvazvo mitemo yenyika ichiumba zvinhu, hurumende dzemo dzinowanzotambura nokushanda.

Kutenga Mari Yakakwana uye Kusatsamwa

Mitemo yehurumende ingada masangano omunzvimbomo kusvitsa mipimo yakati . zvakadai sokuisa zviratidzo zvemotokari pamapano nenhau yakati yetsaona() pasina kugovera mari iri madikanwa. Iyi mirairo isina kunyorwa inotova ganhuriro yemari yakamanikana. Nzvero ne National Association of Counties yakawana kuti 63% yavakuru vakuru veruwa vanodudza hurumende isina kurongwa sedenho huru yokuchengeta migwagwa yomunharaunda.

Kuoma Kunzwisisa Kunoita Kutungamirira

Kudzika mirayiridzo yenyika kunogona kukurira madhipatimendi maduku amabasa avose. Kubatanidzwa nokuongorora zvakatipoteredza, kuchengetedzwa kwenhau, uye kutarisirwa kwemvura yemadutu kunowedzera nguva nendyiko kugadziriro yemugwagwa uri wose. Dzimwe nyika dzakaita “betsero yenzvimbo ino.” purogiramu dzezvirongwa zvenzanga duku kuti dzibatsire kushandisa nzira idzi, asi zviwanikwa izvi zvinowanzova pasi pevashandi.

Kushaya Kungwarirwa Nevanhu

Hurumende dzomunzvimbomo kazhinji kazhinji dzinova mumativi akatanhamara edzidzo yavose pamusoro pemitemo mitsva yomumugwagwa, asi mari nokuda kwenhimbe dzakadaro yakaganhurirwa. Somuenzaniso, apo hurumende dzinoderedza ganhuriro yapamutemo yeBAC kana kuti kuwedzera zvirango zvokutyaira kwakatsauswa, mapato emapurisa omunzvimbomo anofanira kugovera vakuru vakuru vedzidzo nokuchengeta pasina tsigiro yehurumende yokuwedzera.

Fundo Yenhau: State 76 Honold in Action

Kuongorora mienzaniso chaiyo yenyika 93 kunoratidza kuti mitemo yenyika inogona sei kuita kuti mugwagwa unenge wakachengeteka uve nani kana kuti udzivise kuchengeteka.

Kutanga Kwemigwagwa Yose yeCalifornia

Muna 2008, California yakapfuudza Act yeComplete Streets (AB 1358), ichida kuti pave nemitemo yose yomunzvimbomo yokuronga zvinodiwa zvevanofamba netsoka, vanochovha mabhasikoro, uye vanoshandisa vafambi pakugadziridza zvirongwa zvavo. Mutemo unogovera nhungamiro asi mashizha okushanda mumaguta nenhamba. Mitemo yakadai seSacramento neSan Diego inoshandisa mutemo kuronga kuvandudza kufamba netsoka, zvichiguma nokuderedza kwe30% yekufa kwevanofamba netsoka mune dzimwe koriji. Hurumende inopawo mari yokubatsira kutsigira nzvimbo. Muenzaniso uyu unoratidza kuti mutemo ungaita sei kuti vanhu vasarumbidze kuona zvinhu vachichinja - mamiriro ezvinhu omunzvimbo.

Purogiramu Yezati Yokuona yeNew York City

Yakafuridzirwa nemitemo yekotsekano yemugwagwa weSweden, New York City yakatanga Resource Zero muna 2014 kuti ibvise ngozi dzemotokari. Mutemo wehurumende wakatsigira matanho makuru: kuderedza kumhanya kweguta rose kusvika pa25 mph, kuwedzera kuiswa kwemichina yokufambisa motokari munzvimbo dzezvikoro, uye kuwedzera kurangwa kwekutyaira kune ngozi. Chirongwa chacho chakapa mhosva yokuderera kwe28% kwenzufu dzemotokari kubva muna 2013 kusvika ku2020. Zvisinei, kubvumira kwehurumende kuti makamera akurumidze kunyorazve mudare rehurumende, zvichiita kuti pave nokusavikirwa kwemazano omunharaunda. Chino charatidza kuti mitemo yehurumende inogona sei kugone kudzora uye kuderedza kuchengeteka.

Purogiramu Yokuchengetedza Migwagwa yeTexas

Texas ine gadziriro yemari yakasiyana yemigwagwa yomumaruwa. Hurumende inotsaurira chikamu cheoiri negasi mitero inodzokororwa kupurogiramu yeCounty Energy Reinvestment Zone (CETRZ), inopa mipiro yemibato yemagetsi yakakwirira ichibva kumichina yeoiri negasi. Kubvira muna 2013, purogiramu yakagovera mabhiriyoni anopfuura $1 $5 kuti igadziridze migwagwa mumaruwa. Vamiririri vemo yemo yeProfection Reinvementment Zonement Zone. Hurumende yakavandudza zvikuru mamiriro ezvinhu epaji yepasi payaichimbova porobharafizi yeP.gorotomastemt migwagwa.

Kuongorora Kunoenzaniswa: Kuchinja - chinja kwoMutemo weHurumende Mhiri kweU.S.

Mitemo yehurumende inosiyana zvikuru, ichitungamirira kumisiano inooneka mumigariro yomunzvimbomo yemugwagwa nemiuyo yekotsekano.

Kushandisa Mafomu Okushandisa

Nyika dzakafanana neMissouri dzinopa chikamu chakati chemitero yemafuta kunzvimbo dzinowanikwa vanhu, asi nyika dzakafanana neVirginia dzinoparadzira mari yakavakirwa panzvimbo inosanganisira makiromita akawanda uye vanhu.

Mitemo Yokuchengetedza

Nyika nemitemo inodzora zvigaro zvikuru (32 nyika neD.C.) dzinoshuma nguva dzose mwero yakakwirira yokushandisa nemwero yakaderera yekufa kupfuura nyika 18 nokuchengetwa kwechipiri. Nenzira yakafanana, nemitemo yengowani yavose nokuda kwavanamadhuzero (magariro) ine nzufu shomanene dzemisoro kupfuura nyika dzisina mitemo yakadaro. Hurumende yeNTTA] NTSTAMA [ inozivisa kubatana kwakajekajeka: inoti nemitemo yakadzika miuyo yekotseka ine miuyo iri nani yekotseka.

Migwagwa Yakakwana Inodzorwa

Kusvikira muna 2025, nyika 37 dzakagamuchira chimiro chakati chomuitiro wakakwana wemigwagwa, asi zvinodikanwa zvinosiana. Dzimwe nyika dzinoda bedzi kurangarirwa; dzimwe dzinoraira kuitwa kwemabasa akagadzirwa nehurumende. Migwagwa yomunharaunda ine mitemo yakakwana yemigwagwa yakadai seOregon, Washington, uye California (8) kuva nezvirongwa zviri nani zvetsoka nezvinofamba nebhasikoro.

Basa Remipimo Yamagariro Avanhu

Nyaya ino pamitemo yehurumende, zvinokosha kuziva kuti mipimo yehurumende inoitawo basa. Somuenzaniso, Manual on Frank Traffic Control Access (MUTCD), inogadza mipimo yenyika nokuda kwezviratidzo, zviratidzo, uye zviratidzo mumugwagwa. Nyika dzinofanira kutevedzera dare rehurumende CONC, kana kuti kuva neshanduro yadzo inotenderwa neFederal Highway Administration. Migwagwagwa inodzo inodzika miganhu yehurumende (mg., avo vanogamuchira yamuro yehurumende) inofanira kuwirirana. Zvisinei, nokuda kwemigwagwa yomunharaunda, mitemo yehurumende inowanzobatanidza MUTCD nenote kupfurikidza nenongedzero, kuita vhesi yeko.

Kudzidzisa Nokuvimbisana: Kuchinja Kunogona Kuita Nzanga

Kunzwisisa kuti mitemo yenyika inoita kuti vanhu vakwanise kutsigira zvakanaka vanhu vagari vemo:

  • Misangano yeNzvimbo dzePhambano dzomunharaunda: dare reGuta, komishoni yeruwa, uye MPO (Metropolitan Planning Organization) inokurukura misangano inokurukura zvokutanga zvomumugwagwa uye kushandiso dzemari dzehurumende.
  • Magakava eHurumende: Anogoverana mashoko pamigariro yomunzvimbomo yemugwagwa neitiro hanya dzekotsekano; kukwidziridza mari yakawedzerwa kana kuti mipimo yegadziriro inochinjika zvikuru.
  • Support Complete Streets Revolutions:[ kurudzira mitumbi inodzora yomunzvimbomo kugamuchira zvisarudzo zvinowirirana nepurani yemugwagwa wakakotsekana, wakawanda, uyo unogona ipapo kuzivisa mutemo wehurumende.
  • Mapoka okusarura: Masangano akafanana [[FT:]] SSmart Kukura kweAmerica ne Rails à ++Trays Conservancy anoshanda pazvose zviri zviviri nyika nemwero yomunzvimbomo kuvandudza chengeteko newirirano dzomugwagwa.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi Dzemitemo yeHurumende Nemigwagwa Yomunzvimbomo

Zvimiro zvakasiana - siana sezvingabvira zvichaumba ukama pakati pomutemo wenyika negadziriro dzomunzvimbomo dzemigwagwa mumakore gumi ari kuuya.

Kuwedzera Mari Yemigwagwa Yomunzvimbomo

Infrapublicament and Jobs Act (IJA) ye2021 inogovera mari yakawanda kunyika, asi tapuro yayo pamigwagwa yomunzvimbomo inotsamira pakuti nyika dzinoparadzira sei mari. Kubhadharwa kwemari yehurumende yokutsigira hova dzehurumende. Yakadai semitero yegasi kana kuti mari yemotokari yakawedzerwa ichapfuurira. Dzimwe nyika dziri kuedza mitero yezvokutenga inotengwa nounyanzvi nokuda kwezvokufambisa, inobvumira kuti ishande pamwero wenyika.

Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Okunze uye Kuoma Kwemaruva

Mitemo yehurumende yava kutanga kuda kuti vanhu vomunzvimbomo varangarire kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze mugadziriro yemugwagwa. Somuenzaniso, Climate Leadership and Community Protection Act yeNew York inobatanidza gadziriro dzezvivako zvakasimba. Migwagwa yemo yemo munzvimbo dzine mafashamo ichada kubatanidza migwagwa inochinjika, makosi akakwirira, uye kuraswa kwemvura kwakavandudzwa (yose ingarayirwa kana kuti kupiwa miraudzo yehurumende.)

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nemateukiro

Kufambira mberi mukuongorora motokari, michina yemotokari, uye ruzivo rwokugadzira motokari zviri kubudisa mashoko anogona kuzivisa mitemo yehurumende.

Kukwana Nokuwana

Kune zivikanwo inowedzera yokuti mitemo yehurumende inofanira kurangarira kusatsarukana kwenhau mukugadzirwa kwezvifambiso. Nzanga dzinowana mari nenzanga dzine mavara kazhinji kazhinji dzine migariro yemugwagwa yakashata nemwero yetsaona dzakakwirira. Minnesota yakagamuchira mipimo yakaenzana mukushandisa kwayo mari yokufambisa, ichitungamirira mitengo yakawanda kunharaunda dzomunzvimbomo. Iyi kombamiro sezvingabvira inopfuurira seboka redzvinyiriro yamapoka echikwata chehurumende kuti igamuchire matanho akafanana.

mhedziso

Mitemo yehurumende inopesvedzera zvikuru mamiriro ezvinhu nekotsekano dzemigwagwa yomunzvimbomo. Kubva pakushandisa mari nokuvaka mipimo yokufamba nokumira mberi kwemhoteredzo, mitemo inogadzwa pamwero wenyika inoparira gadziriro mukati mebasa rehurumende dzomunzvimbomo. Nepo zvinetso zvakadai sokusagona kutsigira mari nokuoma kudzora kunopfuurira, nzvero dzinobudirira dzinoratidza kuti kuva nechimiro chenzvimbo chakabatana chakananga chinogona kutungamirira kuvandudziko dzine revo. Nokunzwisisa ukama hunoshamisa, vadzidzi, uye mitezo yenzanga zvinogona kuva vatsigiriri vanobudirira nokuda kwenzira dzakachengeteka, dziri nani. Kubatanidza nemitemo yehurumende yomunzvimbomo, uye kutsigira ufakazi hunokosha inhame kukuva nhano dzinokosha dzokuvaka gadziriro dzokufambisa dzinobatira munhu ari wose.