Kutanga: Chikonzero Nei Kuverenga Nokunyora Zvisina Kufanira Kuitwa Nehurumende Inosarudzwa Navanhu

Utano hwenzanga ipi neipi yedemocracy hunotsamira pamano avagari vemo ayo okuita zvisarudzo zvezivo, kubatanidzwa mukurukurirano yokurangarira, uye kuva nesimba. Muzana ramakore rechi 21, aya mano anosanobatanidzwa nounyanzvi hwakarongwa sedzidzo yezvinobudisa nhau. Kupindira kwekudzidza nokunyora mashoko nekuita zvedemocracy hakusi kungoda kuzivawo zvako kwedzidzo yedzidzo yedzidzo; idikanwo inoshanda munhambo yemashoko akawanda, kutsanangurwa kwamashoko, uye kuradzikiswa kwakarongwa. Pasina mano okunzvera mashoko anotepfekerwa nemagetsi, vatendi vemikoro, vane ngozi yokuita zvisarudzo zvakavakirwa pamirangariro kana kuti mirangariro panzvimbo poufakazi. Uku kunzvera kufunda mifungo yenheyo yetsika dzetsika dzezvinobudisa nhau, kunzvera mibato yedemocracy, kuzivisa zvinetso zvinopfuurira, uye magadzirirwo ezviito nokuda kwavanhu, varayiridzi.

Kurondedzera Kudzidza Nezvekunyora Zvinobudisa Mashoko Munguva Yemadhigirii

Kushandira Mubato

Kurava nokunyora zvezvidhindina kunopfuudzira kupfuura kunzwisisa kwakapfava. Kukwikwidzana kwakawanda kunogonesa vanhu ku access, -analyze[, [[FLT]], kubvisa painenge[, [[FLT], [[FLT]] kuirondedzera [[,] kunzvera, uye mitoo yose yokufambisa mashoko. National Conclate for Media Flaclicism (NAMLM) inoinorondedzera sezvipo, kunzvera, uye shandisa mitoo yose yakapoteredza.

  • Accounting mashoko: Kuziva kwokuwana manyuko akavimbika, kubatanidza marekodhi avose, zvinyorwa, uye mapepa edzidzo, uye kuva nounyanzvi hwemichina hwokuawana.
  • Zvinova zvirimo zvinodzongonyedza: Kunzwisisa chinangwa, vateereri, unyanzvi hwokubudisa, uye mirangariro yenhema mushoko rinobudiswa. Ikoku kunobatanidza kuziva nzira dzokunyengetedza dzakadai sekufadza mirangariro, kurongera, uye unyengeri hune mufungo.
  • Kunyumwira kuvimbika: Kuyera kuvimbika kwamanyuko akavakirwa paufakazi, mukurumbira, kujeka, uye kusachinjana. Zvishandiso zvakafanana nokurava kwapashure(kucherechenura manyuko padzimwe nongedzero dzakavimbika) zvinokosha.
  • Kubudisa mashoko: Kudzidzisa zviri mukati mako umene(*) zvimwe nzvimbo yesociation, broad, vhidhiyo, kana kuti podcast(mumuitiro wokungwarira, wetsika unoremekedza maidi nemirangariro yakasiana.
  • Basa: Kushandisa unyanzvi hwokurava nokunyora muzvinobudisa nhau kutora rutivi muupenyu hwomunharaunda, kubvira pakuvhota kwakavakirwa pakunzvera kwokuziva kusvikira kukutsigira chinjo dzemitemo kupfurikidza nezviteshi zvemichina.

Mavambo Enhau Nekunaka Kwazvino Uno

Pfungwa yokugona kunyora nokunyora zvinobudisa nhau yakatanga muzana remakore rechi20 parutivi pezvinobudisa nhau, asi kukurumidzira kwayo kwakawedzera nokukura kwezvinobudisa nhau uye maatomu. Kuedza kunyora nokunyora mashoko kwapakuvamba muma1930 ne1960 kwainyanya kuiswa pakudzivisa mashoko anoparadzirwa, sezvinoonekwa mubasa reInstitute for Propaganda Texation. Nhasi, nheyo dzimwe chetedzo dzinoshanda pakuzivisa kupesana kwemashoko, marekitarisitime, uye kushambadza kusingashandisiwi. Mitezo yezvinogadzirwa nezvinogadzirwa nezvinochetura yazvino uno inoda kusangoda kufunga kwokutsoropodza bedzi asi kunzwisisa kuti maarukira anoona sei, kuti mashoko anoshandiswa sei kuchinja mufambiro, uye kuti masangano ezve mune zvemari anoshanda sei pakubudisa kururamisa zvinhu zvinokwezva zvinhu.

Basa Rokudzidza Nezvemapepanhau Mukubatanidzwa Kwemadhimoni

Kudzidza uye Kuperera

Democracy iri papfungwa yokuti vavhoti vanogona kuita zvisarudzo zvine mufungo zvakavakirwa pamashoko akarurama pamusoro pavanoda kusarudzwa, mitemo, uye nhau.

  • Kusiyana pakati pokushuma mashoko anobva muchokwadi uye maonero kana kuti mashoko anoparadzirwa.
  • Kupa vimbiso dzinoitwa mukushambadzira zvematongerwe enyika, nharo, uye zvinhu zvokushandisa pakurwa.
  • Ziva nzira dzinozivikanwa dzokusabvumirana dzakadai sokusanokora mashoko pamashoko okupedzisira, mifananidzo yakashata, uye kutsigira kwokunyepedzera.
  • Ona kuti mashoko okuongorora uye kuongorora nhau kunoshanda sei.

Mukati mesarudzo yamapurezidhendi weU.S. 2020, nzvero dzakawanda dzakasimbisa kupararira kwenhau dzenhema, kazhinji kazhinji dzakawedzerwa navatambi vokumwe. ... statford History Education Group [ yakawana kuti kunyange vadzidzi vekoreji vakarwisa kuyera kuvimbika kwemanyuko eIndaneti, vachisimbisa musiyano wegadziriro. Kupindira kwedzidzo yezvikoro zvechiDhakaromende (kudzidzisa kurava nokudhudhumura) kwapashure (kuwedzera kugadziridza kugadziridzwa kwemanyuko avadzidzi okuongorora mashoko paIndaneti, kunosimbisa zvakananga kugadziridza mamiriro ezvinhu ehurumende.)

Kukurukura Hurukuro Yavose

Utongi hunosarudzwa navanhu hunoda vagari vemo vanogona kukurukura nhau dzinomutsa nharo noruremekedzo. Kunyora nokunyora zvinokurudzira ikoku kupfurikidza nokudzidzisa vanhu kunzwisisa mifungo mizhinji, kuziva unyengeri hune mufungo, uye kuziva kushata kwemirangariro. Apo vanhu vanogona kubvisa nhau kana kuti kushambadza kwezvamatongerwe enyika, havangatongotsauswi zvikuru nekurukurirano dzinonyanduka uye sezvingabvira zvikuru kugovera nenzira inovakamura. Somuenzaniso, mapurogiramu akafanana ne News Literacy Project’s “Scleology” chikuva chekushandira kwakabatsira vadzidzi kunzvera mienzaniso chaiyoiyo yenyika yenhema, kuchitungamirira kukuyerwa nokurangarirwa kwakawanda kwoufakazi mumakirasi uye kupfuura.

Kurwisa Mashoko Asina Kunaka Nekusanzwisisana

Mutsetse pakati penhema (nhema dzisingafungidziri) uye kusataura zvinopesana (kunyengera kwechidhimoni) kunokosha nokuda kwokuzvidzora kwedemokrasi. Kunyora nokunyora pepanhau kunogovera chishandiso chokuziva zvose zviri zviviri. Kunzvera kubva kuRAND Corporation kunoratidzira kuti dzidzo yokurava nokunyora nokunyora zviri mumashoko ndechimwe chezvitaviridzo zvinobudirira zvikurusa mukudzivisa nhimbe dzemashoko, sezvo inovaka miitiro inotambudza yenguva refu panzvimbo pokutsamira pakunzvera chokwadi chokuita chimwe chinhu. Unyanzvi hunokosha hunobatanidza:

  • Kupupurira manyuko apakuvamba okutaura kwoutachiona.
  • Kuongorora kuvimbika kwenzvimbo yacho yokubudisa mashoko nomunyori wacho.
  • Kutsvaka kutsigirwa nemabhuku akawanda anozvimirira.
  • Kunzwisisa kuti kutsigira rusaruro kunoita sei kuti vanhu vapedzisire vava nyore kuwana nhema dzakafanana.

Kutendeseka uye Kuita Zvinhu

Vagari vemo vane unyanzvi hwezvinobudisa nhau vatsigiriwo vanobudirira zvikuru. Vanoziva nzira yokuita nayo mashoko okunyengetedza, kusarudza zvikuva zvakakodzera, uye kudenha kupararira kwavo kuvateereri vakati. Somuenzaniso, mibato youswa yakadai se #BLACLELives Matter nesmome trainism ine unyanzvi hwokugadzira zvinhu zvakagadzirwa namashoko kuti zvikudziridze kuziva, kukurudzira vatsigiri, uye vagadziri vemiitiro yedzvinyiriro. Pasina kunyora mashoko, masangano akadaro anogona kubatanidzwa nokuudzwa mashoko asina kururama kana kukundikana kukurukura shoko ravo zvakajeka.

Zvinetso Zvinoramba Zvichinetsa Kudzidza Nezvinobudisa Nhau

Mashoko Akawandisa uye Anopa Ngwariro

Munhuwo zvake anoshandisa mazana ezvidimbu zvezvidimbu zuva nezuva, kubva pamisoro yenhau kusvikira kunzvimbo dzinobudisa nhau. Iyi mafashamo inoita kuti kuve kwakaoma kumira ndokuyera nokusangwarira chinhu chimwe nechimwe. Mashoko mazhinjisa nezvinobatanidzwa nenzvimbo dzakagadzirirwa kusimbisa kuvimbisana kwe(wreates). Vanhu vazhinji vasingakwanisi kuita manyukunyukusi kana kuti kuoma kwemirangariro (umt., “kana yakava neutachiona, inofanira kuva yechokwadi” panzvimbo pokunzvera kwamaune.

Kuparadzana Kwemadhigirii

Kurava nokunyora mimhanzi hakubereki zvakanaka. Nzvero yepanhamba yepaIndaneti, makombiyuta, uye yemitauro inosiyana zvikuru nemari inowanwa, nzvimbo inogarwa, zera, uye mwero wedzidzo. Nzanga dzomumaruwa, vakwegura, uye mhuri dzinowana mari shoma kazhinji kazhinji dzine mikana mishoma yokukudziridza unyanzvi hwokugona kunyora zvinobudisa mashoko. Somuenzaniso, 2021 Pew Research Center yakawana kuti vanhu vane makore anopfuura 65 vakanga vasingatombokwanisi kushandisa mawebsite okuongorora chokwadi kana kuti kuongorora nhau vasati vazvigoverana. Kuparadzanisa uku kunoda mapurogiramu okusangana nevanhu kwavanosangana nawo, semapurogiramu okunyora kana kuti kushandira pamwe chete nenzvimbo dzavakuru.

Kuchinja Kukuru Kunobva Pazvinhu Zvenhau

Kushanda nesimba kwezvidzidzo zvenhau dzepashure kufambirana nokuchinja kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu. Kukwira kweTikTok, vhidhiyo yefore-fish, rugwaro nemifananidzo zvakagadzirwa neAI, uye zviri mukati (zvikurukuru, Nhau dzeInstagram) zvinopa zvinetso zvitsva. Mitengo yeMitemo yeFilimu yeILA-Manitech yakarovedzwa kuvhura kana kuti vhidhiyo. Mapikime eMitemori anoisha zvinoumba zviri mukati kusvikira kumwero mukuru, kugadzira marungano anoganhurira kumidza mifungo yakasiana- siyana. Vadzidzisi vanofanira kuramba vachivandudza zvinhu zvavo kuti vataure izvi tyisidziro dzinodzinga.

Kudzivisa Kufunga Kunotsoropodza

Kufunga kwokuziva, kwakadai sokusimbisa tsvete nokurangarira kunonyandura, kunoita kuti vanhu varambe kupokana mashoko anowirirana nezvitendero zvavo zviripo. Uku hakusi kungoshayikwa kwounyanzvi chete; imhinganidzo yendangariro. Naizvozvo mapurogiramu okurava nokunyora pepanhau anofanira kubatanidza zvidzidzo pamusoro pokuziva tsvete nokuzvininipisa. Kungogovera maidi kazhinji kazhinji hakugutsi (vanhu vanodikanirwa kunzwisiswa nei vachiva nenhau dzakati uye nzira yokudenha nayo mirangariro yavo vamene.)

Zvirongwa Zvokudzidza Kuverenga Nokunyora

Kupinza Kudzidza Kure Nezvokunyora Zvinobudisa Mashoko MuCurricula yeChikoro

Nzira inobudirira zvikurusa yokuvaka nayo chiverengero chavagari vemo chenhau ipfurikidza nedzidzo yakarongeka. Nyika dzinoverengeka, kubatanidza Illinois neTexas, dzakaita mitemo inoda muraidzo wokudzidza nokunyora muzvinyorwa zvenhau muzvikoro zveK-12. Curbula inofanira kuiswa mumativi ose ne( kwete bedzi mufundo dzenzanga kana kuti dzechiNgezi, asi musayenzi, masvomhu, uye mifananidzo () vadzidzi kuyera manyuko okunzvera nokuda kwokunzvera, kuziva mirangariro yemanyoro, uye kuziva mashoko enhau. Ameta-analysis anobudiswa mu [[FLT:]] Journalm yeD Resocial Becureasycs [[FLT: 1]] yakawana kuti vadzidzi vaikagamuchira muraidzodzo inotesano yezvokunyora mashoko enhaunhau.

Marobhakiti Akasikirwa Munzanga Nepurogiramu Dzemaraibhurari

Maraibhurari avose ndiwo nzvimbo dzinoitirwa dzidzo yokudzidza kuverenga nokunyora. American Library Association inopa zviwanikwa nerovedzo nokuda kwevatarisiri veraibhurari kuti vashande vachiwana mashoko enhema, vachinzwisisa mari inopa zvokudya, uye vachidzivirira kuva voga. Maraibhurari anogonawo kufambidzana nemasangano enhau omunzvimbomo kupa “kudzidza nokunyora mashoko okunyora." manheru apo vatori venhau vanotsanangura kuti vanoona sei zvinhu uye vanoshuma tsika. Kuvakuru, mashopu anoshandira kushandira kushandiswa nokuwana zvemasangano enzanga anokosha zvikuru.

Kushandira Pamwe Nemasangano Ezvinobudisa Mashoko Nezvoruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu

Zviteshi zvenhau zvine njodzi mukusimudzira kunyora pakati pevateereri vazvo. Purogiramu yeBBC Young Reporter” yeBBBC inodzidzisa vana vechikoro nzira yokubudisa nayo pepanhau retsika, nepo News Literacy Project ichishanda nevaparidzi kugadzira zvinhu zvinoshandiswa mukirasi. Makambani ezvokugadzira zvinhu anogonawo kubatsira kuumba mawitter anosimudzira vashandisi kuti vaone chokwadi. Somuenzaniso, Twitter (zvino X) akatanga kukurudzira kukumbira vanoshandisa kurava nyaya vasati vanyora, uye YouTube yawedzera mashoko anobatsira zvikuru kana zvirongwa zvedzidzo zvikatengwa zvinotsanangura kuti nei nyaya yacho ichiri kumuka.

Kurukurirano Dzinokurudzira Pamusha uye Mumapoka Enzanga

Kurava nokunyora zvezvizivikanwa hakusi bedzi kwezvikoro. Vabereki navachengeti vanogona kutevedzera kushandiswa kwokutsoropodza kupfurikidza nokukurukura nhau dzenhau patafura yezvokudya, vachibvunza mibvunzo yakadai se “Ndiani akasika iri shoko uye nei?” uye“ Ufakazii hunotsigira uku kutaura?” Masangano enzanga (kuvambira kuungano dzorudzidziso kusvikira kumakirabhu) avanhu kurukurirano pamusoro pezvinoitika zvazvino uno izvo zvinonzvera zvakajeka zvinobudisa nhau. Sangano risiri reparatisan [[FLT:] Liman Houses Budies[ inogovera zvinyorwa zvakarongwa zvokutaura pamusoro penhau dzinoparadzanisa dzinokurudzira vatori rutivi kugoverana manyuko nokurangarira.

Kushandisa Kudzidza Mutambo Nemichina

Mitambo inoita kuti vanhu vazive kuti mashoko akanyorwa sei uye kuti anokosha. “Bad News,” mutambo wakavakirwa pawebrosate wakatangwa navanzveri paUniversity yeCambridge, unoisa vatambi mubasa romugadziri wemashoko, uchivadzidzisa mano okushandisa. Nzvero dzinoratidza kuti kutamba“Mashoko Akaipa” kunovandudza mano evatambi okuziva mashandisiro emashoko. Nenzira yakafanana, “Kuita Kuti Ive” inotevedzera kusikwa kweumambo hwenhau dzenhema. Maturusi aya anoshandiswa zvikuru mumakirasi uye namasangano ezvokunyora nhau munyika yose.

Nguva Yemberi Yokuverenga Nokunyora uye Kutora Rutivi Rwechiito Chokutonga Kwehurumende

Kuchinjira Kukuva Nehanya uye Zvinoshandiswa

Ungwaru hwokugadzira huri kuvandudza magadziro ezvinobudisa nhau nokukurumidza kupfuura ruzivo rwupi norwupi rwakare. IDI inogona kubudisa mashoko okunyepedzera anonyepedzera, mashoko, uye mavhidhiyo pamwero, zvichikuita kwakaoma kusiyanisa chinhu chaicho nechinoitwa. Kurava nokunyora kwemunguva yemberi kunofanira kubatanidza AIS: kunzwisisa kuti mifananidzo yomutauro mukuru inoshanda sei, kuziva zviratidzo zvechisimumumumuchichichika (g., udzame hwemifungo hwemifungo, vhaisipo), uye kuziva nzira yokushandisa nayo AI muchisiko. Masangano akafanana ne [[FLT:] Data & Society Research Institute

Kusimudzira Kudzidza Kweupenyu Hwose

Kurava nokunyora zvenhau hakugoni kuva chidzidzo chimwe chenguva muchikoro chapakati. Sezvo zvikuva zvitsva, unyanzvi, uye ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu zvinovapo, vagari vemo vanoda dzidzo inopfuurira. Ikoku kungagona kuva chimiro chenzanga yegore negore “vhiki dzokunyora nokunyora,” kunyoresa mapepa kubva kuvachenesi veidi vanovimbwa, kana kuti mushandirwi anorovedzwa nokuda kwavashandi. Kudzidza kwoupenyu hwose kunorevawo kutanga miitiro yemetacologiery, /-hena kuzvibvunza kuti, “Chii chandinoshuva kushai? ””

Kubatanidzwa Kunokurudzira Kupfuura Bhokisi Romutambo

Kuverenga zvinobudiswa hakufaniri kungogumira pakusarudza kuti vaendei kuhurumende, kupinda misangano yemakurukota omuguta, kunyorera vamiririri, kupindurawo panenge pataurwa nevanhu, uye kushanda pamabhodhi ezvikwata zvevanhu.

Kuderedza Kuona Nyika Yose

Kunzwisisa kuti hurumende dzinodzvinyirira sei zvombo, kuti zvinobudisa nhau zvinopararira sei mutsika dzakasiyana - siyana, uye kuti zvinobudisa nhau zvinoshanda sei kunobatsira sei kuti nyika yose ive neruzivo.

mhedziso

Mvura dzekupinda mukunyora nokunyora mashoko nekuita zvechidhimoni hausi muteshi asi chinodikanwa chokutsigira kuzvidzora. Sezvo mhoteredzo yamashoko inowedzera kuva yakaoma zvikuru(neapplicated alglation, makambani okuisa mashoko, uye maAI-generated) mano okugona kusvika, kunzvera, kuyera, kutanga, uye kuita chiito kupfurikidza nezvinobudisa nhau zvinova nheyo yokuva mugari wemo wenyu unoziva. Kupfurikidza nokubatanidza kurava nokunyora mashoko mudzidzo, mapurogiramu enzanga, uye muitiro wavose, tinogona kuvaka vagari vemo vemone simba rokushandisa uye kukwanisa kuumba basa redemocracy. Utano hwedemocracy hunotsamira pairi.