Nheyo Dzakatangira Kare uye Dzinodzikamiswa

Nheyo dzechekedzo nedzikamo hadzina kubuda muchinhu. Yakagadzirwa namaune neFramers of the Constitution yeU.S. muna 1787, ichinangidzira zvikuru pauzivi hwezvamatongerwe enyika hwemufungi weFrance Baron de Montesquieu[[FLT 1], uyo akapikisana mubasa rake [[FLT:] Mudzimu weMitemo yeMitemo [1748]] (1748) uyo rusununguko rwezvamatongerwe enyika runoda kuparadza masimba. VaFramers, vangorwisana chete nechinjo mukurwisana namambo ane simba, vakanga vachinyumwira zvikuru chiremera chikuru. [[FLD:] Farlist.[5]

Chivako chapakuvamba chakakamuranisa simba pakati pamapazu matatu akaenzana: chibvumirano chemitemo (Conren), mukuru mukuru (Mutungamiriri wehurumende), uye dare rokutonga. Bazu rimwe nerimwe rakapiwa masimba akasiana, asiwo mano okudzivisa mamwe. Somuenzaniso, Purezidhendi anogona kupfuudzwa neChibvumirano, asi Chibvumirano chinogona kudzora kuti nembiri yetatu. Matare, kupfurikidza nesimba rehwirudzuro (rakatangwa mumhaka yechiratidzo [[FLT:]] Marbury v. Mardemy b, anogona kuzivisa mitemo kana kuti mabasa ehurumende asina kubatana. Aya masimba anopfuudzira dzvinyiriro inoita kuti ive nesimba rinodzokororwa kukurumidza kudzika uye kuputsa.

Nhasi, tsika ino inotapura anenge rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hweAmerica, kubva kumvura yaunonwa kusvikira kumhepo yaunofema uye rusununguko rwaunoshandisa.

Kuongorora Kwazvinoita Nokudzikama Kwenguva Yazvino Uno

Nepo gadziriro yebumbiro remitemo isati yachinja zvikuru, kushanda kunoshanda kwechekero nedzikamo kwakavandudzika zvikuru chifo chezana ramakore rechi 18. Kukura kwehurumende yehurumende, kukura kwamasangano ehurumende, uye kuoma kwezvinhu kwakawedzera kwepasi pose zvose zvakaparira mikana mitsva yerwisano yevhozhokeri nebatira pamwe. Heino kuputsika kwenzira iyo bazi rimwe nerimwe rinonzvera nayo imwe mukutonga kwapanguva ino.

Kuongorora Mutezo Padare

Congress ine zvishandiso zvine simba zvakawanda zvokutarisira nokumanikidza bazu guru. Chinooneka zvikurusa isimba rechikwama: Congress bedzi inogona kubvumira kupamba, uye inogona kuramba kutsigira nhano dzapurezidhendi. Mukuwedzera, Dare rine simba rokusimbisa kana kuti kuramba kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi kudare, dare, uye masangano ehurumende. Matare eCongregational anotungamirirawo kufeyafeya nokubudisa nhau dzechiputukezi kuti amanikidze uchapupu kana kuti magwaro anobva kuvakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru. Muzvinoitika zvakanyanyisa, Imba inogona kuisa purezidhendi mumwe nomumwe, uye Dare reSamende rinogona kuadzosa ndokuabvisa muhofisi. Mienzaniso yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi inobatanidza kunyora mbiri dzaPresiparati yehurumende yeDonalddald Trump uye kuongorora kupfuurira kutungamirira bazu revakuru vakuru vehurumende.

Mukuru Mukuru Anoongorora Mutemo

Nzvero yakananga zvikurusa yapurezidhendi paCongress iveto. Nepo vetoes vachigona kushaikwa, tyisidziro yeveto kazhinji kazhinji inomanikidza Congress kugadziridza mutemo kuti ichengete bhii rapurezidhendi. Purezidhendi anewo simba renhevedzo yevakuru vakuru, iyo inobvumira kutungamirira masangano ehurumende kuita zviito zvakati pasina kumirira mutemo mutsva. Zvisinei, mirairo yevakuru vakuru vakuru inogona kudenhwa mudare kana kuti kuchinjwa napurezidhendi anotevera. Imwe nzvero yamanomano asi ine simba ibasa rapurezidhendi se "puricriti"(w purechi") inoshandiswa nehurukuro dzavose kuti vaite chiito panhau dzakati dzakati.

Kutonga Kunonzvera Mutemo Noukuru

Bazu redare, zvikurukuru Dare Gurusa, rine chirevo chokupedzisira pamusoro pohupi nohukuru hwemitemo nezviito zvavakuru vakuru. Kupfurikidza nehwirudzuro yedare, Dare rinogona kumisa mutemo unoputsa Bumbiro reMitemo. Inogonawo kupa mirairo yokudzivisa zviito zvokutonga zvinomirira kutonga kwakazara. Dare rimene rinonzverwa neidi rokuti mitezo yaro inosarudzwa napurezidhendi uye inosimbiswa neDare, uye Congress inogona kuchinja ukuru hweDare (zvisingawanzoitwi) kana kuti kukarakadza kuti migadziro yemitemo yomutemo yokuputsa rutongeso inomirira dare yazvino uno. Mienzaniso yakakwirira yazvino uno inobatanidza zvisarudzo zveDare paAffordcarea Act Act Act Act Act Act, kodzero dzokubvisa pamuviri, uye muitiro wokupinda munyika.

Nzvero Pabazu Rokutonga

Dare redare harisati richitongozvimirira chose chose. Dare rinogona kuisa mitemo inochinja udzori hwedare rehurumende, uye rinogona kunyange kubvisa matare ehurumende akaderera. Mukuwedzera, purezidhendi neCongress pamwe chete zvinodzora muitiro wokugadza. Kurondwa kunoshanda kuvatongi vehurumende pamwe chete nehwunoverengeka zvakabviswa mubhenji nokuda kwomufambiro wakashata. Bazu guru rinomanikidzirawo dare; kana purezidhendi akaramba kugombedzera chisarudzo, mutongi ane simba rakaganhurirwa kumanikidza kuzviisa pasi (kunyangira kwakadaro hakuwanzoitwi uye kunomutsa nharo).

Migumisiro Chaiyoiyo Yenyika Paupenyu Hwako Hwezuva Nezuva

Kubva pakukotsekana kwezvokudya zvako kusvika paunenge usiri paIndaneti, hedzi nzvimbo dzinoverengeka dzinonyatsoita kuti unyatsoona kuti zvinhu zvauri kuita izvi zvakakotsekana.

Dziviriro Dzomutengi Nechengeteko Yemibereko

Apo unotenga motokari, chinhu chokurapa, kana kuti bhodhoro, unobetserwa necheni refu yecheki nechiyero. Congress inopfuudza mitemo yakadai se Consonsor Product Safety Act na[FLT:] Drug, neCosmetic Act [FLT:]. Bazu revakuru, kupfurikidza namasangano akafanana ne [[FLT:]] Consum Recute Secute Com Recute comment Comment (CC)[FLT] [FL:] na [FLT] .[FLT] na [FLT] Adminictoatic Act [F] naDH) , zvinotemwaromadzoromerwo, uye kuhwirutsira nhevedzano yezvigadzirwa, uye kuhwirudzo, kuhwirudzo, kuhwirudza, kupfurikidza negadziriro duku yedare rokutonga pamusoro pegadziriro yazvo.

Kuwana Kurapwa Nendyiko

Inishuwarenzi yako youtano netarisiro dzezvokurapa zvinopesvedzerwa zvikuru necheki nedzikamo. Somuenzaniso, Act yeCare yeIndaneti (ACA)[FLT 1:1] yakapfuudzwa neCongress, yakaiswa napurezidhendi, uye ipapo yakakwidziridzwa mudare. Dare Rapamusoro rakatsigira wakawanda womutemo muna 2012 (Revonice of Independent Business v. Seberius) asi yakaganhurira kukura kweMédicaid. Kubvira ipapo, purezidhendi vakatevera vakabudisa mirayiro kana kuti mirauriro yakakudziridzwa, nematare akapfuurira kutonga pagadziriro dzakananga. Uku kupfuurira kudzokera shure uye pakati pamapazu kunoreva kuti gadziriro yako youtano inogona kuchinja zvikuru zvichitsamira pakusimba.

Kusununguka Kwevanhu Vose Nokuva Woga

Mamwe amativi akavanzika zvikurusa oupenyu hwako .] PATIOTIT[[FLT: 1] , maruramiro ako okuroora, udzori pamuviri wako umene(w] wadzivirirwa nechekero nedzikamo. Apo masangano anotungamirira kana kuti kuchengetwa kwomutemo zvinomanikidzirwa, matare anopindira. [[FLT:] PARITTIOTTT[[FL:]] PAURTTT [[1]] Act [apos], yakapfuudzwa pashure pe 9/11], asi kukwidziridza kukwidziridza matare, asi kukwidziridza nokuvandudza zvirongwa (zvakadai ]] Dare reRekubusisa mutemo [[FLT:]]]]]

Mitemo Yemhoteredzo

Mhepo yaunofema nemvura yaunonwa inodzorwa kupfurikidza nokutamba kwamapazu akaoma. Congress inopfuudza mitemo mikuru yemhoteredzo yakadai se Speat Air Act uye Mvura yakachena [[[FLT]]. Bazu revakuru, kupfurikidza ne [[FLT:] ENTER , ENTER quement Agement ([PA]], miraudzo ine udzame. Mapokataro enzvimbo dzapanyu anowanzotaura, kukwirira kuti EPA inopfuura chiremera chayo, uye dzimwe nguva matare anorova kana kuti gadziridza miraudzo. [FLT:] V[FLT] V [FF] [FLT]] [F] [FLT]] [2], EPASPA inoganhurana, ES.

Kuzivisa Kodzero Neperero Zvinosarudzwa

Mano ako okuvhota anoumbwa nokumanikidzirwa nguva dzose nokusvutwa pakati pamapazu ose matatu. Bumbiro reMitemo rinopa simba rokugadza miitiro yesarudzo, asi mitemo yehurumende yakadai se Kuvhota maruramiro eTrinitions Chitatiko cha 1965 (kusiviwa neCongress uye kusainwa napurezidhendi) kuisa ganhuriro pamiitiro yokusasarura. Department yeRumbiro (kubvisa muganhu) inomanikidzira iyi mitemo, nepo matare anokakavaranisa. Mu [[FLTL:] Shelby County v. Hanger [F]] [2013]), Dare reSauriro reChisaruvaratisimu chireveri charo charongera kudzora kudzora dziviriro.

Nzvero Dzakaitika: Mienzaniso Yezviratidzo Yamakemikari Nedzikamo Zviri Kushanda

Kuti unzwisise zvechokwadi kuti kuongorora uye kudzikama kunoumba sei nyika yako, zvinobatsira kuongorora nguva dzakati dzenhau umo gadziriro yacho yakaedzwa uye yakarondedzerwa.

United States v. Nixon (1974)

Mukati mechinonya chaWatergate, Purezidhendi Richard Nixon akataura ropafadzo yapamusoro yokudzivisa tepi yakarekodhwa yekurukurirano dzeWhite House. Dare Rapamusoro-soro rakabvumirana kuti Nixon anofanira kutendeudzira tepi, achitaura kuti purezidhendi haasati ari pamusoro pomutemo. Nixon akabvumirana ndokurega pashure penguva pfupi. Mhaka iyi inoramba iri muenzaniso une simba webazu rinonzvera mukuru mukuru mukuru wedare, uye yakatungamirira zvakananga kugadziridzo huru mumari yebhizimisi nehurumende (kubatanidza kuumbwa kwe Office yeHurumende yeMagracyctics).

Clinton v. City of New York (1998)

Muna 1996, Congress yakapfuudza Line Inter Veto Act, ichipa purezidhendi simba rokubvisa zvinhu zvakati zvokushandisa mumitengo yezvikwereti. Purezidhendi Bill Clinton akashandisa ichi chiremera chitsva kazhinji kazhinji. Asi Dare Rapamusorosoro rakaputsa mutemo seisina kubvumirwa, richitonga kuti wakaputsa Chipo chaClausces of the Constitution kupfurikidza nokubvumira purezidhendi kupedza pamutemo nenzira inobudirira. Mhaka iyi inoratidzira nzvero yebazu yemitemo pamukuru wehurumende: Dare reSangano reSangano reSangano remitemo rinogona kupa masimba okuwedzera, asi dare rinovimbisa kuti avo havadzose kudzongonyedza muganhu wemitemo. Chisarudzo chinochengetwa cheSangano chikuru mukusarudza kuti mubhadhadharo wemi wemitero unopedzwa sei.

Muitiro Wokutarisira Unodhura Nokuhwirudzura

Mu National Federation of Independent Business v. Sebelius (2020), Dare Rapamusorosoro rakatsigira zvakawanda zveAffordic Care Act asi rakaganhurira kukura kweMedicaid. Mu Mambo. Burwell[ [2011], Dare rakasimbisa kuti mari yehurumende ingagona kushandiswa nokuda kwegadziriro dzoutano dzinotengwa pazvose zviri zviviri nyika uye dzinodzorwa nomutemo. Mu [FLT:] Kalid.[FLT] v.[FLT: 5,1], Dare rakadzivisa denho iyo inoda kushandura mutemo wose. Iyi inoteverwa inoratidzira kuti matare ose ari maviri anonzverazve sei uye mabazu oukuru kudzorwa.

Utariri Hwomutemo: Iran-Contra Affir

Muma 1980, vatarisiri veReagan vakatengesa zvombo muchivande kuIran ndokushandisa mari yacho kutsigira vapanduki veContra muNicaragua, mukuputswa kwakananga kwechirambidzo chesangano (Boland Amendment). Apo mhaka yacho yakaputsa, Congress yakaisa nzeve pafoni, yakagadza muchuchisi chaiye, uye pakupedzisira yakamanikidzira vakuru vakuru vanoverengeka kurega kana kuti kutongwa. Nhau yacho yakaratidzira kuti kunyange bazu guru rinonyengera rinogona kuongororwa nokunzvera kwakakwana kwemitemo yemitemo uye kunzvera zvinobudisa nhau.

Basa Romugari Wemo Mukuchengetedza Nzvero Nedzikamo

Vanhu pavanonzwisisa kuti simba rinoparadzirwa sei, vanogona kuita kuti vamiririri vavo vazvidavirire uye vatsigire kuchinja zvinhu panenge pava nekusadzikama.

Kufara Sechenjedzo Yokupedzisira

Kusarudza kunofanira kuva nzvero yakananga zvikurusa iyo vagari vemo vanayo pahurumende. Kupfurikidza nokuvhota, unogona kutsiva vakuru vakuru avo vanoshandisa zvisina kufanira simba kana kuti vanokundikana kutsigira Bumbiro reMicrosation. Sarudzo, zvikurukuru, dzinogona kubvisa nenzira inoshamisa dzikamo yesimba pakati poupristarista neCongress. Apo vavhota vanodzinga boka mukudzora imba kana kuti Dare, ivo vanoisa nzvero nenzira inobudirira papurogiramu yomutemo yapurezidhendi.

Kukurukura Hurukuro Yezvinobudisa Mashoko Neyavose

Mapepanhau akasununguka uye akazvimirira anobatira secherekedzo inokosha pamapazu ose matatu. Vatori venhau vanonzvera kushatiswa kunobvira, vanozivisa vanhu, uye kurukurirano dzinonyandura chiito chesimba chehurumende. Vagari vanodya nhau nenzira yokutsoropodza, vanogoverana mashoko akavimbika, uye vanotsigira kunzvera kwamapepanhau kwakasununguka vanobetsera kutsigira iyi nzvero. Munhambo yemichina, zvinobudisa nhau zvenzanga zvakavawo nzvimbo yokuchengetera vakuru vakuru mhaka kuzvidavirira, kunyange zvazvo kuchiuya nengozi dzenhema.

Kutora Rutivi Mutsinhiro Dzavose Nenhau Dzedare

Masangano eFederal anowanzotsvaka kuiswa kwemirayiro yavose isati yapiwa. Vagari vemo vanogona kunyora mashoko, kupinda tsinhiro, kana kuti kunyange kukwidza mhosva hurumende apo vanodavira mutemo kana kuti muitiro unoputsa kodzero dzavo. Kupomera mhaka kweboka, somuenzaniso, kwakamanikidzira chinjo muchinhu chiri chose kubva kumiitiro yokutenga inopa shavo yemhoteredzo. Basa rebazu redare sechekero rinotsamira pakuda kusvitsa mhaka mberi.

Kutsigira Kuchinja Kwechivako

Pane dzimwe nguva cheki nedzikamo zvimene zvinoda gadziridzo. Vagari vanogona kutsigira chinjo dzakadai seganhuriro dzeshoko, kugadziridzwa kwemibato yenhimbe, kana kuti kufutunurwa kweDare rapamusoro. Nepo chinjo dzakadaro dzakaoma kuwana, dzakakurukurwa munhau yose yeAmerica. American Civil Libereties Union (ACLU) uye CMENTIR Comment Mienzaniso yemasangano anoshanda kusimbisa kuzvidavirira neukuru hwedemocratic.

mhedziso

Mipimo yekotsekano inodzivirira mhuri yako kusvikira kurusununguko runokubvumira kutaura pfungwa dzako, tsika inotapura rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Idzo igadziriro mhenyu yenzanga yedemocracy, inoedzwa nguva dzose uye inonatswa nezviito zvapurezidhendi, vaiti vemitemo, vatongi, uye vagari vemowo zvavo. Kubva mumipimo yekotsekano inodzivirira mhuri yako kusvikira kurusununguko runokubvumira kutaura, tsika inotapura rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hwezuva nezuva. Kupfurikidza nokugara uchiziviswa, kuvhota, uye kubatanidzwa negadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika, unobetsera kuvimbisa kuti simba rinoramba rakatsigarira uye kuti hurumende inoshumira vanhu, kwete imwe nzira inotevera nguva unoona nhau pamusoro pedare guru kana kuti kunzvera, yeuka: Kupfurikidza nokushanda, ibasa, uye rutivi rwako rwamatonge.