Gadziriro Yebhajeti: Kubva Pakuda Kusvika Pakuitwa

Muitiro unoshandiswa nevanopa mitemo yehurumende kusarudza nzira yokugovera nayo mari yavose inowanzotevera nhevedzano inosanonyorwa yegore negore kana kuti yenguva refu. Nyika zhinji dzinoshanda pagore remari rinovambira pana July 1 kusvikira kuna June 30, kunyange zvazvo nhambo pfupi ichishandisa karenda yakasiana. Kutenderera kunovamba mwedzi yakawanda gore idzva risati ravamba, nebazu guru rinotarisira richigadzirira gadziriro yokushandisa mari inozivikanwa sechikarakadzo chagadziri.

Chikarakadzo ichi chakavakirwa pakudeya kutaurwa kwemari inotangwa nehofisi dzemari dzehurumende nenyanzvi dzezvemari. Kufungidzira kunofungidzira kuti mari yakawanda sei iyo hurumende ichaunganidza kubva pamutero wemari, mitero yokutengesa, mitero yebhizimisi, mitero yemitero, uye mari yehurumende. Nemhaka yokuti iyi nhevedzano haizivikanwi, vatendi vemitemo vanowanzova nebvumirano yemipimo yemari inobudiswa pamwe chete nevashandi vakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende. Nyika dzakawanda, dzakadai seCalifornia neTexas, dzine gadziriro dzakarongwa dzokuita idzi fungidziro dzokuderedza idzi rwisano pamusoro pezviwanikwa zvinowanika.

Kana gavhuna angopa bedzi bhajeti — zvikurukuru muna January kana kuti February — mutungamiriri wehurumende anotanga hwirudzuro yake amene.Ipapo ndipo apo gakava rakakomba zvikurusa nekurukurirano zvinowirirana zvinoitika. Vatongi havangongoiti chikarakadzo cherabha chavakuru vakuru; vanoitisa teerero, vanokumbira ruramiso dzine udzame kubva kumasangano, uye vanoparadzira gadziriro dzavo vamene dzokushandisa.

Kuongorora kweDare uye Kucherechedza

Munenge mutezo uri wose wedare rehurumende, bhajeti inorangarirwa kutanga namatare emibatanidzwa namatare avo akaderera. Mabhodhi aya akarongwa nenharaunda inoshanda (sezvinei, dzidzo, utano, zvokufambisa) kana kuti nesangano. Mitezo yedare inonzvera chinhu chimwe nechimwe chemitsetse, vakuru vemasangano ebvunzo, uye mashoko okuongorora basa. Chikamu ichi chinonzi “mabhii,” uko kugadziridzwa kunokarakadzwa, kukurukurwa, uye kuvhotera.

Masangano akaderera kazhinji kazhinji anoita gadziridzo dzine udzame zvikurusa, mari inopinza chaizvoizvo pakati pepurogiramu, kuwedzera zviratidzo zvemabasa akati, uye kucheka kana kuti kuwedzera kushandisa kwakavakirwa pazvinhu zvinokosha zvetsika.

Pashure pokunge basa duku rapedzwa, dare remibatanidzwa yose rinobatanidza chinjo kuva mutengo mumwe. Chibvumirano ichocho chinotumirwa kuuriri hweimba imwe neimwe — Imba (kana kuti Gungano) neDare — nokuda kwekurukurirano nevhoti yokupedzisira. Mumabhii ose ari maviri, makamuri ose anofanira kupfuura shanduro yakafanana yemari. Kana akasiana, dare remusangano rinoumbwa nemitezo yamativi ose ari maviri rinobvumirana. Mushumo wemusangano ipapo unodzokera kuimba imwe neimwe nokuda kwetendero yokupedzisira. Pakamuri rimwe nerimwe rinobvumira shanduro imwe cheteyo mari inopfuudzira bhajeti kugati kuti itsikidzei gavhuna nokuda kwechinjo.

Basa raGavhuna: Veto Nesimba Rinoiswa Mumutsetse

Kana mutemi wedare ramasangano angopfuudza bhajeti, gavhuna ane zvisarudzo zvinoverengeka. Muhurumende zhinjisa, gavhuna anogona kusaina mutemo, kuisa mutengo wose, kana kuti kushandisa rugwaro rwechikamu chevhato kurovanisa zvinhu zvakati kana kuti zvitsama. Mutsetse wechinhu chemutsetse unopa simba gurusa rokuumba ndyiko yokupedzisira, zvikurukuru munyika umo mutezo unodzorwa nebato rinopikisana.

Kana zvinenge zvashandiswa, mutemi wedare retende anogona kuedza kuzvikurira, kazhinji kazhinji achida matatu kana kuti matatu ezvikamu zvikuru mudzimba dzose dziri mbiri. Kuedza kushatisa hakuwanzoitiki uye kazhinji kazhinji kunokundikana, kureva kucheka kwagavhuna kwakakurumbira. Uku kunoshamisa kunoparira sundo ine simba yokuti vaiti vemitemo vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vakurukure nagavhuna mumuitiro wacho wose panzvimbo pokupfuudza bhajeti ichachinjwa zvikuru pashure.

Mumaruwa mashoma, gavhuna anewo simba roku “shandura” panzvimbo pokubvisa chose chose mashoko — chishandiso chinochinjika zvikuru chinogona kuita kuti mapurogiramu ashande pamwero wemari yakaderera. Kunzwisisa iyi mitemo kunokosha nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anonzvera kuti mari yehurumende inopedzwa sei zvomenemene, nemhaka yokuti bhajeti yakarongwa inowanzoratidzika kuva yakasiana zvikuru neiyo inopiwa nedare.

Zvinodikanwa Zvebhajeti Zvakadzikama

Chinomanikidzirwa pakuronga mari yehurumende chinodikanwa chedokusvika murusando rwapasi rose — muna 49 wechipiri — kupa mari yakaenzana. Kusafanana nehurumende yehurumende, nyika dzinowanzova dzisingagoni kudzora ganhuriro mubhadharo dzadzo dzokushanda. Idzi ganhuriro dzakaoma: kana mari ikaderera mukati mekuderera kwemari, masangano emitemo anofanira kuderedza mari inoshandiswa, mitero, kana kuti kuderedza mari yezuva remvura. Rumano rwezvinodikanwa izvi runosiyana. Dzimwe nyika, kufanana naColoradorado, dzine ganhuriro dzemitemo pakukura kwemari (Muridziri wekodzero dzekodzero dzekodzero dzehurumende), nepo vamwe vanobvumira kukwereta nokuda kwemabasa makuru asi kwete nokuda kwezviito zvekushanda.

Mitemo yakadzikama inoita kufembera mari inopindwa zvikurukuru. Kana kudeya kutaura kune tariro zvikuru, Hurumende ingada kuchekwa kana kuti kuwedzerwa kwemari. Kana nyika yakanyanyoshata, ingagumisa gore nerasara, uko kunogona kunyandura gakava pamusoro pezvikamu zvinodzorwa kana kuti kupedzerwa mari mudenderedzwa rinotevera. Sa New York neIllinois dzakatarisana nenjodzi dzinodzokororwa nemhaka yemitengo isingaperi kana kuti kunyanyova nemari.

Rutivi Rwemari: Nzira Iyo Nyika Dzinounganidza Nayo Mari

Zvivako zvemitero zvehurumende zvinosiyana - siyana, asi zvakawanda zvinotsamira pamitero mitatu mikuru:

  • [ Mitero inotambira mari yayo pachayo — inoshandiswa nemaruwa 42 (P), kazhinji kazhinji ine mwero inofambira mberi inowedzera nemari.
  • Mitero [ — inoshandiswa nehurumende 45, zvikurukuru nokusatenga zvokudya, mirimo inobvumirwa nachiremba, uye zvimwe zvinokosha.
  • Mitero yemari inotambirwa [ — inoshandiswa nenyika 44, kunyange zvazvo vazhinji vakaona mwero inoderera nemhaka yamakwikwi.

Mimwe mitero yemari inobatanidza mitero yemotokari, mitero inoganhura pamitengo yemari yomusikirwo, mari inotambirwa, mhindu yerotari, uye mibhadharo yemibato yakadai serezinesi rokutyaira nemvumo dzenyanzvi. Federal inoitawo basa guru, zvikurukuru muMedicaid, zvokufambisa, uye dzidzo. Paavhareji, mari yehurumende yemari yokushandisa inenge 30% yemari inotengwa nehurumende, asi kugoverana ikoko kunogona kuva kwakakwirira zvikuru mumaruwa anowana mari yakaderera kana kuti mukati memigariro inokurumidzira.

Mitemo inowanzotarisana nedzvinyiriro yokudzivisa kukwira mitero, kunyange apo mari inowanwa inenge isina kukwana. Ikoku kunotungamirira kugadziriro dzenguva imwe: kushandisa matura, kunonoka kugadzira dzimbahwe, kukwereta mari chaiyo, kana kuti kusundira mari kuhurumende dzomunzvimbomo. Nokufamba kwenguva, gadziriro dzakadaro dzinogona kuparira kuderera kwezvivako uko kunoparira kukuvadzwa kunorwadza zvikuru gare gare.

Kushandisa Mari: Marudzi Makuru

Kunzwisisa izvi kunobatsira kutsanangura chikonzero nei makakatanwa emari achinetsa kwazvo — purogiramu huru iri yose ine mamiriro ezvinhu ane simba.

Dzidzo: K@ kde. org

K-1012 dzidzo ndiyo dzidzo hurusa hurusa mubhajeti rehurumende, inowanzopedza 30-40% yemari yose. Gadziriro dzokushandisa dzinosiyana zvikuru, nedzimwe nyika dzichishandisa zvirongwa zvehwaro zvinovimbisa chitsama chikuru chemari pamusha pa mudzidzi, nepo dzimwe dzichitsamira zvikuru pamitero yenzvimbo yomunzvimbomo. Hurumende dzinogadza mwero wose weyamuro yedzidzo, dzinosarudza kuti inoparadzirwa sei pakati pamaruwa, uye dzinoisa zvinodikanwa nokuda kwemiripo yevadzidzisi, ukuru hweboka, uye kuzvidavirira.

Kuwedzera kwemari kunowanzotevera kuderera kwemari yehurumende, zvichiisa mutoro pavadzidzi nemhuri.

Kutarisira Utano: Médicaid uye Utano Hwavose

Medicaid iboka rechipiri rakakura zvikurusa mumari dzehurumende zhinjisa, uye kazhinji kazhinji ndiro rinokura nokukurumidza zvikuru. Hurumende yehurumende inobhadhara mugove (50% kusvikira ku 80% kutsamira pahurumende nepurogiramu), asi inotaura kuti inobhadhara zvasara. Zvisarudzo pamusoro pokusagona kudzorwa, mwero inopa mari, uye masangano anofukidza zvakananga mari inotapurwa. Kukura kweChare chaMari yeMedicaid Act kwakapa mitongo yokufukidza vakuru vazhinji vari pasi, uye sarevo 2025, 40 neD.C. zvakaita saizvozvo. Chisarudzo chimwe nechimwe chinobatanidza kurukurirano huru yemitemo pamusoro pendyiko yemitemo pamusoro pendyiko dzehurumende, betsero, uye miuyo yemari.

Kupfuura Medicaid, masangano anobhadharira madhipatimendi outano hwavanhu vose, mabasa outano hwendangariro, kurapa kwezvinodhaka, uye gadziriro dzeinishuwarenzi youtano hwavana (CHIP). Mukati medenda reCHOVAD-19, masangano emitemo aitofanira kukurumidza kuisa mari yokuparadzira nhomba, kuongorora, uye tsigiro yechipatara — kazhinji kazhinji kupfurikidza nezvikwereti zvokuwedzera kurumidziro.

Zvekufambisa Nezvirongwa

Mari yokufambisa inosimudzirwa zvikuru nemari yakatsaurirwa nemitero yegasi, mari inobhadharwa yemotokari, uye mari yehurumende. Magisiparati anosarudza nzira yokuparadzira nayo mari pakati pemigwagwa, mabhiriji, kufamba kwavose, njanji, nzira dzebhasikoro, uye nhandare dzendege. Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, nharo dzakawedzera pamusoro pokuti mitero yegasi kuti ienderane nokukwira kwemitero yepetroli uye kukwira kwemotokari dzemagetsi. Dzimwe nyika dzakavamba kunzvera mitero yemitero yemitarobhora kuti dzitsive mutero wepeturu.

Mari dzemari — dzakaparadzana nebhajeti yokushandisa — dzinofukidza zvirongwa zvikuru zvezvirongwa zvakadai sokuvaka zvikoro zvitsva, majeri, uye mahofisi ehurumende. Izvi zvinowanzobhadharwa kupfurikidza nokukwereta kupfurikidza nezvisungo, zvinoda tendero inovhota munyika dzakawanda. Mitemo inosarudza zvirongwa zvokubatanidza muchibvumirano chimwe nechimwe, ichiparira mikana yemitezo inogona kuita kuti pave nebudiriro yemari yomunharaunda.

Kuchengeteka Kworuzhinji Nokururamiswa

Kushandisa Hurumende pamajeri, mapurisa, matare, uye mabasa okudzima moto ndichimwe chinhu chikuru. Kugadziridza ndyiko kwakwira zvikuru mumakore 40 apfuura nemhaka yemitongo mirefu yakakwirira uye mwero yokusungwa yakakwirira. Masangano mazhinji emitemo ava kurangarirazve mitongo miduku inosungirwa namamwe majarijasi okutsiva kusungwa munhamburiko yokuderedza mari pasina kubvumiranisa njodzi dzavose pane zvisina kufanira. Chinjo yamapurisa pashure pezvinoitika zvakakwirira zvemari yakanyandurawo gakavariro dzemari pamusoro pokuregeredzwa kana kuti kuiswa pazvo zvomutemo pamibato yenzanga.

Zvinhu Zvinoita Kuti Pave Nokusarudza Rongedzero

Kunze kwomuitiro wokugadzira, masimba akadzama anoverengeka anoumba nzira iyo vaiti vemitemo vanosarudza nayo kugovera mari:

Kudzidza Zvematongerwe Enyika uye Kudzora Boka

Zvisinei, izvi zvinowanzoiswa pachine nguva mberi nokuda kubvumirana nezvinodiwa nevanopa mitemo vakaparadzana. Kudzora kwebato rimwe kunogona kutungamirira kumari yakawanda yemashandiro anoitwa — yakadai semari inobhadharwa yechikoro nepo ichideredza mitero yezvinhu — nepo zvichidzorwa nemasimba anokamuranisa zvinhu.

Dzvinyiriro Dzakakomba Nokuzvinyima

Vatongi vanoziva zvikuru kuti vvuruki vanotapura sei mavhoti avo makuru. Mibatanidzwa yavadzidzisi, vasonganiri vezvipatara, vavaki vemigwagwa, uye vatarisiri vemabhizimisi vose vanopambadza zvikuru mipiro yenhimbe nemubato kuti varonge mabhadharo. Mibatanidzwa yavashandi voruzhinji inorwira mibhadharo yakakwirira nebetsero; Comber of Commerce Grong nokuda kwemitero yakaderera neyamuro. Majeri anopindurawo kutungamirira kuvhotera kumibato inobva kuvanegineti, zvikurukuru mukati memisangano yehoro yetaundi uye vanzwi vehurumende pabhajeri remari.

Kuchinja Kwezveupfumi Nemari Yezuva Rainaya

Mukati mekuderera kwemari, mari dzehurumende dzinoputsika, kumanikidza masangano okugadza mitemo kuita ganhuriro dzinorwadza. Kuderera kukuru kwa 2008-2009 kwakatungamirira kukuderera kukuru kwedzidzo netarisiro youtano munyika zhinjisa. Mumhinduro, nyika zhinji dzakagadzirwa kana kuti kuwedzerwa “zuva rakawanda” — mari yemari yemari yokubhadharisa inogona kudzorwa mukati mekuderera kwetsika. Kushayiswa kwemari iyi ikurukurirano inotengwa zvikuru: inofanira kuva yakakura sei? Dzimwe nyanzvi dzemari dzinoziva mari dzinorumbidza 15 /20% yemari inoshandiswa navose; dzimwe dzinokurudzira kuti mari inochengeterwa mari ive inopfuudzwa zvikuru munguva dzakanaka.

Misi Yemigariro Yavanhu Nemigariro

Mutemo wehurumende unowanzoda kuti nyika dzipedze mari munzira dzakati. Somuenzaniso, kuti dzigamuchire mari inowirirana yeMedicaid, hurumende dzinofanira kufukidza zviverengero zvakati nemabasa. Nenzira yakafanana, mari yezvokufambisa yehurumende inouya nezvinodikanwa pakuronga, kuongorora mhoteredzo, uye mipimo yavashandi. Mitemo ingashatiriswa neiyi mirairo asi ine chisarudzo chiduku kana ichida kudzivisa kurasikirwa namabhirioni amadhora ehurumende.

Kuona Zvinhu Zvakajeka uye Kubatanidzwa Pachena

Gadziriro yebhajeti inogona kuratidzika kuva yakaisvonaka, asi nhamba dzinowedzera dzehurumende dziri kuedza kuiita kuti ive inojeka zvikuru. Masangano akawanda zvino anoshaikwa paIndaneti emari, uye mamwe dare rinogara nemhete. National Conference of State Legislatures inoita miitiro yakanakisisa nokuda kwemari yepamutemo yokuoneka. Vazitekian advocacy, yakadai se Pritive naPrities , inogovera vagari zvishandiso kuti vanzwisise sei mari yavo yemitero.

Chipupuriro chavose inzira huru yemuuyo. Masangano mazhinji emitemo anotonga apo vanhu vamwe navamwe namasangano vanogona kutaura kana kuti kushora tsinhiro dzakananga. Pesvedzero yeuchapupu hwapachena inosiyana: muzvimwe zvinoitika inogona kuchinja mari nokuda kwechikoro chomunzvimbomo kana kuti chipatara; mudzimwe idzo idzo dzokufananidzira zvikurukuru. Kunyanguvezvo, mukana wokunzwiwa unoramba uri rutivi rukuru rwebhajeti yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.

Kutarisira: Kutsvaka Mari Kwave Kuchingoshandiswa Sekwakanga Kwarongwa

Kana mari yangorongwa chete, basa redare rehurumende harigumi.

Somuenzaniso, Hofisi yeManorosa yeHurumende yeUnited States inobatira somuenzaniso pamwero wehurumende, asi nyika dzakawanda dzine masangano akafanana. Kana kunzvera kwemitemo kukaona kuti sangano rinopfuudza kana kuti rinoshandisa mari nokuda kwamadonzo asina pamutemo, mutemi wedare anogona kuita kuti vanhu vanzwe, chiito chokururamisa, uye gadziridza bhajeti yenguva yemberi maererano nemamiriro ezvinhu.

Mitemo yakawedzerwa — gadziridzo dzepakati pegore — inozivikanwa apo migariro yekurumidziro inomuka kana kuti apo kudeya kuziviswa kwemari kunochinja zvikuru. Iyi mitengo inogona kuwedzera kana kuti kuderedza mari yechinhu chiri chose kubva payamuro yengwavaira kusvikira kukunyanyowandisa kwejeri. Mitemo inofanira kuita chiito nokukurumidza, kazhinji kazhinji mukati mamazuva kana kuti mavhiki, kudzivisa kuvharwa kana kuti kudzongonyedzwa kwebasa.

Nguva Yemberi Yokuronga Mari Kwehurumende

Miitiro inoverengeka iri kushandura nzira iyo masangano ehurumende anoronga nayo mari. Chokutanga, kuchinja kubasa riri kure namabasa epaIndaneti kwachinja mitero — mitero yokutengesa painjini yakakwira chifo che Wayfair chisarudzo, uye hurumende dziri kukwikwikwidzana nokuda kwenzvimbo inobhadharwa mitero yavashandi vari kure. Chechipiri, kuchinja kwemamiriro okunze kuri kukwidza mari itsva panzvimbo dzinogadzirwa magetsi, mafashamo, uye dutu, kumanikidza masangano anoronga mari kuti agadzirise mari nokuda kwokugadziridza. Wechitatu, murakata wemapiopioid uye ndangariro yenjodzi yeutano zviri kusunda kupedza mari pakurapwa uye pamabasa enzanga.

Maturusi ounyanzvi, akadai sokuronga mari yakavakirwa padokero nebhajeti yakavapo, ari kuwana kurongwa kwemari munyika shomanene, kunyange zvazvo mazhinjisa achingoshandisa kushandisa bhajeti yebhajeti yejekiseni — kuita chinjo duku kubva panzvimbo yegore rakatangira. Kumanikidzirwa nokuda kwekubudirira kukuru zvikuru nokuzvidavirira kuchapfuurira, sezvinozopfuurira, sezvinetso zvisingagumi pakati pezvinhu zvinokwikwikwidzana. Pamugumo wedenderedzwa rimwe nerimwe, bhajeti yokupedzisira inoratidzira kwete nhamba, asi mipimo, mipimo, uye simba rehurumende.

Nokuda kwomunhu upi noupi anoda kupesvedzera nzira iyo mamiriro avo ezvinhu anoshandisa nayo mari — angave somuvhoti, mutsigiri, mutungamiriri wesangano, kana kuti mudzidzi — kunzwisisa muitiro wemari yokuronga mitemo kunokosha.