Kunzwisisa Kusarudza Kukuru: Hwaro Hwokusarudza Kwedemocratic Candidadole

Sarudzo huru dzinobatira sechinhu chikuru chehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu vanomirira, inoshanda senhano yokutanga inotambudza mukusarudza kuti ndiani achaoneka pamavhota makuru. Iyi makwikwi okutanga anopa simba vavhoti kuti vaumbe nzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika kupfurikidza nokusarudza kuti vadaviri vachatakura mureza wavo muvhoti yavose. Kure nokuva mawiriranowo zvawo, sarudzo huru kazhinji kazhinji dzinobvumikisa kuva dzinotevedzerwa zvikuru kupfuura kusarudzawo zvakwo, zvikurukuru mumaruwa umo boka rimwe rezvematongerwe enyika rinova noudzori hukuru zvikuru. Kunzwisisa masangano eIntricaciacracs ebasa guru, masangano akasiyana - siyana anoshandiswa kudarika zviremera zvakasiana - siyana, uye tapuro yesimba ravo guru pakudzora kunogonesanwa zvine rehurumende yehurumende yehurumende uye kushandisa basa ravo rehurumende yehurumende yehurumende.

Kusarudza Kunokosha Ndokupi uye Nei Kuchikosha?

Sarudzo yokutanga makwikwi okusarudza anoitwa namapati ezvamatongerwe enyika kusarudza kuti vapi vachavamirira musarudzo dzinotevera. Kusafanana nezvisarudzo zvavose apo vavhoti vanosarudza pakati pavadaviri vakabva mumapoka akasiyana, matare anobatanidza vavhoti vavhotera vavhotera vavhotera pakati pavakwikwidzani vakawanda pakati pebato rimwe. Uyu muitiro wokubatanidza wave wakadzika midzi zvikuru mutsika yezvamatongerwe enyika yeAmerica, kunyange zvazvo miitiro yakananga nemitemo inodzora maPrime inositorimu inosiparati inositika zvikuru zvichisiyanisa zvikuru uye kunyange pakati pemahofisi akasiana - siyana ari pakati penyika imwe chete.

Ukoshi hwesarudzo huru hunotambanudza kupfuura zvikuru basa radzo rokutanga sechikamu chokutanga chokuvhota. Mumaruwa akawanda akasarudzwa mhiri kweUnited States, rimwe boka rezvamatongerwe enyika rinochengeta betsero huru zvokuti sarudzo huru inoita kuti wirirane nenzira inobudirira. Muiyi migariro, kudzivirira paboka kuva mukurumbira kunowirirana nokuwana hofisi imene, kuita kuti nhambo yokutanga yemakwikwi okukwikwikwidza napavasarudzo. Iyi injo ive zviitiko zvinokosha zvehurumende inoumba miitiro, hurukuro yezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kuumbwa kwemitumbi inotonga pamwero yose.

Sarudzo huru dzinobatirawo somutoo wokuzvidavirira kukuru kwezvamatongerwe enyika nokuvandudza kwebato. Inogovera mabanza nokuda kwavapinyi kuti vasadyire zvisakafanira, kuti manzwi matsva apinde munhandare yezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kuti vavhoti varatidzire zvisarudzo zvavo pamusoro penhungamiro yetsika nemuitiro woutungamiriri. Sangano rokutanga rinoparira kunyanduka kukuru mukati memapati, richimanikidzira vakuru vakasarudzwa kuramba vachigamuchira nzvimbo yavo nepo vachifungawo kuenzeka kukuru. Iri rwisano yomukati rinogona kusimbisa mapoka kupfurikidza nokuisa vavhotambira zvinotanga zvinotanga zvinotanga zviripo, kunyange zvazvo zvichigonawo kuparira mapoka anopfuurira kupinda mukusarudzo.

Kushanduka - shanduka Kwenhau Kwezvisarudzo Zvokutanga muAmerica

Gadziriro huru yesarudzo sezvatinoiziva nhasi inomirira kuvandudzika kwazvino uno zvikuru muAmerica yedemokrati. Nokuda kweyakawanda yenhau yapakuvamba yenyika, mabato ezvamatongerwe enyika akasarudza vadaviri vavo kupfurikidza nenzvimbo nekokorodzano, umo vatungamiriri vebato nenhume vakaita zvisarudzo seri kwemisuo yakavharwa nerevo yavanhu shomanene. Iyi tsika yakaisa simba mumaoko evatungamiriri vebato uye michina yezvamatongerwe enyika, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inotungamirira kuuori, vatendi, uye vadaviri vakabatira fariro dzakaganhurirwa panzvimbo pefariro hurusa yavose.

Nguva inofambirana neNguva yapamberi pezana ramakore rechi20 yakaunza chinjo huru dzakaitirwa kuronga purogiramu yokusarudza mudenderedzwa uye kuderedza pesvedzero yemichina yomubato. Wisconsin akava nyika yokutanga kushandisa gadziriro yokutanga yakananga muna 1901, achibvumira mitezowo zvayo yebato kuvhotera zvakananga vadaviri vavo panzvimbo pokusiya chisarudzo chacho kuvarumbidzi. Iyi mitoo yakapararira nokukurumidza munyika yose sezvo vachinji vakatsigira chishandiso chikuru sechishandiso chokuwedzera kujeka, kuderedza uori, uye kupa vagari vezuva nezuva simba mumuitiro wezvamatongerwe enyika.

Gadziriro huru yapurezidhendi yakawana chinjo huru zvikuru pashure pePurovhi yapabonde ya1968 Democratic National Convention. Kokorodzano yakadzorwa naPurezidhendi Hubert Humphrey pasinei zvapo nokuti akanga asina kukwikwikwidzana muchinhu chimwe chikuru, achinyandura kunyunyuta kwakapararira uye kuraira kuti pave nokuvandudza. Mumhinduro, mapoka makuru ose ari maviri akaumbazve miitiro yawo yokusarudza kukuru uye kurema kukuru mukusarudza vapurezidhesi. Iyi yakachinja zvikuru matongerwe enyika eAmerica, achiita chirongwa chokutengesa, michina youswa yokuronga, uye mapurojeta akananga masangano anokosha ezvirongwa zvapurezidhendi.

Nhasi, sarudzo huru dzazova dzakarongeka zvikuru muhurumende yehurumende yeruzhinji yeAmerica, kunyange zvazvo nharo dzichipfuurira pamusoro pomugadzirirwo wadzo wakanakisisa nokuitwa. Mibvunzo inopfuurira pamusoro pokuti mavambo anoparira here vadari vanosarudzwa zvikurusa, kana vachikurudzira pfungwa dzinonyanyisa, uye kana gadziriro dzokutsiva dzingabatira zviri nani mipimo yehurumende yedemocracy. Pasinei zvapo neidzi kurukurirano dzinopfuurira, gadziriro huru yesarudzo inoramba yadzika midzisarira zvikuru somutoo mukuru wokusarudza nawo vakwikwidzi pamwero yose yehurumende yeAmerica.

Kusarudza Kukuru Kunoita Vanomhanyira Kuhofisi

Muitiro mukuru wesarudzo unobatanidza kuisa mavhotavhota nokuda kwomugamuchiri wavo anodiwa pakati paavo vanotsvaka kunyorwa kwechikwata chakati. Mitemo yakananga inodzora kuti vanowina vanosarudzwa sei, zvisinei, inosiana zvikuru yakavakirwa pamutemo wehurumende, mirau yebato, uye hofisi iri kutsvakwa. Kunzwisisa iyi misiyano kunokosha nokuda kwavavhoti vanoda kuwedzera pesvedzero yavo mumuitiro wokusarudza mudariro.

Musarudzo hurusa, muvhoti anogamuchira vhoti zhinjisa anowana kugamuchirwa, pasinei zvapo nokuti ivo vanowana voruzhinji zvikurusa. Iyi tsika inoreva kuti mubhadhari angachengeta kuiswa kwapamubato wavo ne 30 kana kuti 40 muzana bedzi yevhoti kana nzvimbo inobatanidza vatsigiri vazhinji vanokamura mavhoti asara. Uku kusvika kunodiwa nezivikanwo yakasimba, tsigiro yapachivande yakatsaurirwa, kana kuti mano okusimbisa tsigiro kubva kunzvimbo yakati kana kuti yetsika mukati mebato.

Gadziriro yokubatanidza zvinhu zvizhinji inogona kuva nemigumisiro apo pakupedzisira muvhoti mukurusa akanga asati ari chisarudzo chokutanga chavavhoti vakurusa, zvikurukuru muminda ine vanhu vazhinji. Apo vashanu kana kuti vatanhatu vanokwikwidza vanopinda mubato rimwe, mukundi angamirira bedzi boka rebato panzvimbo pechisarudzo. Iri simba rakatungamirira masimba kuti agamuchire gadziriro dzakagadzirirwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti vamine vanofarikanya tsigiro huru pakati pemitezo yebato.

Pashure pesarudzo huru, vawinwi vanowana vanogamuchira kusarudzwa kwavakuru vakuru vomubato ndokufambira mberi kuvhota vvuruti. Mazita avo anooneka parutivi peminone kubva kumamwe mapoka, uye muvhoti mukuru (kubatanidza vavhoti havabatanidzwa nebato ripi neripi). Chikuru chinoshanda somutoo wokuzvipfavisa, kuganhurira munda kubva kuvanesveri vazhinjisa vamabhii vamanyuko akatanhamara anomirira zvikamu namazivi.

Nhungamiro Dzinogutsa Kumarudzi Akasiana - siana Ezvisarudzo Zvokutanga

Kusarudza Kwepo Kusingaonekwi

Zvigaro zvakavharwa zvinoganhurira kutora rutivi kuvavhoti vakanyoresa nenzira yapamutemo semitezo yebato rakati rezvamatongerwe enyika. Muidzi gadziriro, vaDhomocrates bedzi vakanyoreswa vanogona kuvhota muDemocratic Primiry, uye vaRepublican bedzi vanogona kuvhota muRepublican Primiters. Vavo vanofanira kunyoresa wirirano yavo yebato mavhiki kana kuti mwedzi pamberi pokusarudzwa kukuru, uye kuchinja kunyoresa kwebato kunowanzoda kuronga pachine nguva mberi nokuda kwezvinodikanwa zvenguva.

Vatsigiri vemitemo inovhara vanoramba kuti tsika ino inodzivirira kodzero dzebato kuti vasazive vamiririri vavo vamene pasina kudzongonyedzwa navasiri mitezo avo vangasagoverana mipimo yebato kana kuti fariro dzenguva refu. Kupfurikidza nokuganhurira kutora rutivi kumitezo yebato yakapiwa, kuvhara maprimilia sezvinoreva kuva nechokwadi chokuti vapfumi vanoratidzira zvido zvechokwadi zvebato panzvimbo pokuvhota kwapamutemo navashori kana kuti vanozvimirira. Uku kuita kunobata mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika semasangano avanhu voga ane kodzero yokudzora nhau dzavo dzomukati, kubatanidza kusarudzwa.

Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti vavhoti vakavharwa vanopesana navavhoti vakazvimirira uye vanoparira sundo dzepfungwa dzinonyanyisa. Muhurumende dzine zvigaro zvisina kuvharwa, vavhoti(vanomirira mugove unokura wavavhoti mumativi akawanda) vasingagoni kutora vadaviri pasinei zvapo nokuva vanokwanisa kuvhota muvhota. Uku kubvisa kunogona kuva chinetso zvikurukuru mumaruwa anodzorwa zvikuru umo murwi mukuru anosarudza nenzira inobudirira. Mukuwedzera, vavhoti vakapfigwa vangakurudzira vakwikwidziridziri kukwidza zvikurukuru kuvatsigiriri vebato navaPutori veProfetins panzvimbo pokuvaka mibatanidzwa mikuru.

Mitemo inoshandisa michina mikuru inobatanidza New York, Pennsylvania, Florida, uye Kentucky, mimwe mitemo inosiyana, uye dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chete asi dzimwe dzichiisa nguva yokunyoresa mwedzi isati yapera. Uhu udzame hwetsika hunogona kutapura zvikuru mwero wokutora nokusarudza migumisiro, sezvo miganhu yokunyoresa ingadzivisa vavhoti kupinda mumapurani enhangemutange idzo dzinova bedzi dzinova dzinofadza pashure pokunge nguva yapfuura.

Kusarudza Kwokutanga

Vavhoti vanobvumira kuti vatore rutivi mubato ripi neripi guru pasinei zvapo nesonganirano yavo yakanyorwa. Pazuva guru rasarudzo, vavhoti vanogona kusarudza kana vovhota muchikamu cheDemocratic, chikuru, chiRepublican, kana kuti chikuru cherimwe boka ripi neripi rinokwaniriswa. Kusarudza uku kunoitwa pachivande panzvimbo yokuvhota, uye vavhoti havafaniri kuzivisa pachena ruvimbiko kana kuti chinyorwa nebato pachine nguva mberi.

Vatsigiri vezvikamu zvavo zvinovhurika vanosimbisa ungwaru hwavo uye bviro yavo yokuparira vadaviri vane mwero zvikuru, vanofadza zvikuru. Kupfurikidza nokubvumira kuzvimirira nemitezo yamamwe mapoka kutora rutivi, maprimring anotanga zvisundo zvavada kuvaka zvisungo kupfuura mavambo ebato ravo. Iyi gadziriro inobvuma uchokwadi kuti vavhoti vazhinji havazivikanwi zvakasimba nepati ipi neipi huru uye vanofanirwa nenzwi rine revo mukusarudza vada kuzooneka muvhotera.

Vashori vezvigaro zvinovhura vanomutsa funganyo pamusoro pokuvhota uye kuvhota kwebato, umo mitezo yebato rimwe muvhoti yerimwe rinova guru kutsigira vane simba rakaneta kana kuti kukuvadza vakasimba zvikuru. Nepo ufakazi hwokuvhota kwakapararira hunoramba hwakaganhurirwa, zvinofungidzirwa kuti vatungamiriri vebato vanosarudza kuramba vachidzora miitiro yavo yokuvhota. Vamwe vatsoropodzi vanotaurawo kuti kuvhura stations kunoderedza kuzivikanwa kwebato uye kunokuita kuti kuve kwakaomera kuti mapoka achengetedze marungwe echikamu netsinhanhano.

Mitemo ine mibatanidzwa mikuru inobatanidza Wisconsin, Michigan, Minnesota, Missouri. Udzame hwokuita hunosiana, nedzimwe nyika dzinobvumira vavhoti kuchinja pakati pemahofisi ebato nokuda kwenzvimbo dzakasiana - siana apo dzimwe dzinoda vavhoti kuti vasarudze nzvimbo huru yebato rimwe nokuda kwedzinza rose pabhoti. Iyi mhatsa inoratidzira dzikamo dzakasiana pakati pokubatanidza muvhoti na kuchengeta kuzvidzora muchisarudzo chokuda kutevera.

Semi-Bhaundi

Masangano mazhinji anoshandisa gadziriro dzemhute idzo dzinopinda pakati pezviprimite zvizere nedzisinganyatsovharwa. Mitezo yakavharwa inobvumira mitezo yebato yakanyoreswa nevhota vasina kuvhota kutora rutivi apo vaibvisa mitezo yamamwe mapoka. Muidzi gadziriro, Democrat akanyoreswa aigona kuvhota muDemocratic huru, muRepublican, uye muvhoti akazvimirira aigona kusarudza mumwe nomumwe webato guru, asi Democrat akanyoreswa aigona kuvhota muRepublican.

Semi-open primies inopa mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika chisarudzo chokubvumira vavhoti vasina kubatana kutora rutivi muvapringi vavo. Mumwe mubato angasarudza kuzarurira vanhu vawo vokutanga kuzvimiriro apo rimwe boka riri mumugariro mumwe chetewo rinoramba richiganhurirwa kumitezo yakanyoreswa. Uku kunobvumira masangano kuchinjika mukusarudza miitiro yawo yokuzvinyoresa nepo achiri kugovera mukana wakati nokuda kwavavhoti vakazvimirira.

Iyi miitiro yakavhengana inoedza kudzikamisa mipimo inokwikwidzana: kudzivirira maruramiro esonganiro apo inenge ichivimbisa kuva negariro rakafara rehurumende yehurumende, kudzivisa kuvhota kwapamutemo apo kunobatanidza vavhoti vakazvimirira, uye kuchengeta batano apo inenge ichikurudzira kuvakwa. Kuwanda kweiyi mitoo yapakati kunoratidzira kuedza nokusabvumirana kunopfuurira pamusoro pegadziriro hurusarudzo.

Kusarudza Kwepamberi

Runoff primmies vanobata nechinetso chokuwana vanhu vakawanda vasina tsigiro yakawanda kupfurikidza nokuda nhambo yechipiri yokuvhota apo pasina muvhoti anowana chiganhu chakati, zvikurukuru 50 muzana yevhoti. Kana wokutanga akabudisa mukundi asingakundi vazhinji, vavhoti vaviri vapamusoro vanotungamirira kurusarudzo rwakaitwa mavhiki anoverengeka gare gare, uye vavhoti vanosarudza pakati paava vatsigiri vaviri.

Gadziriro iyi inovimbisa kuti vatsigiri vebato vanofarikanya tsigiro huru pakati pavavhoti vakuru, uko kunogona kuvandudza kuva kwavo vapamutemo nesimba ravavhoti. Ruff primmish inodzivisa vakwidziridzi kuhwina rumbidzo netsigiro yapamhina bedzi muminda yakatsvinda, kuchideredza bviro yokuti vamirine vanomirira bedzi chiverengero. Nguva inodzosa inogoverawo nguva yokuwedzera yokuti vavhoti vadzidze pamusoro pavapendi uye nokuda kwavanoda kuvaka mativi makuru.

Zvisinei, zvigaro zvinodzorwa zvinouya nezvipingamupinyi zvinokosha. Zvinoda zvimwe zvisarudzo, zvinowedzera ndyiko nokuda kwavabhadhari nenhimbe apo zvinoda nguva yakawanda nesimba kubva kuvavhoti. Kuvhota kunoderera zvikuru mukusarudza, kureva kuti mumiriri wokupedzisira angasarudzwa nedanho duku, shomanene zvikuru kupfuura izvo zvakabatanidzwa mumavambo. Mwaka wokutanga unorebeswa unogonawo kubvisa zvitendi zvenhimbe ndokuparira mapoka anoderedza nhevedzano pakupedzisira musarudzo.

Mitemo yokuMadokero yave iri yebviro hurusa kushandisa maprimia, neGeorgia, Alabama, Arkansas, uye Mississippi pakati paavo vanoshandisa tsika iyi. Mavambo ezvikwata zvezvikwata zvokuvamba kuMaodzanyemba kuMadokero anovambirana nenhau yenharaunda yerusaruro rwedzinza, sezvo kumhanya kwaishandiswa pane dzimwe nguva kudzivisa vaBlack purtivending kuti vasahwinhwa muminda yakatsvikinyidzana. Nepo miitiro yazvino uno yokudzima isingashandisizve zvinangwa zvorusaruraganda, pfuuridzi pamusoro pemipimo wadzo nerusarurango.

Mapoka Apamusoro - 2 naJungle

Chiverengero chinokura chehurumende chakagamuchira gadziriro huru mbiri dzapamusoro, dzinonziwo maprimie esango kana kuti maprimite asingaitiritan. Muidzi gadziriro, vose vanoda kupiwa hofisi vanobuda pavhota yokutanga imwe pasinei zvapo nebato, uye vavhoti vose vanogamuchira bhanisi rimwe pasinei zvapo nokunyoreswa kwebato ravo. Vanoda kugamuchirwa vanopfuura vose mukuvhota, kunyange kana vose vari vaviri vari vebato rimwe chetero rezvematongerwe enyika.

California neWashington dzakashandisa gadziriro huru mbiri dzapamusoro nokuda kwehofisi hurusa dzehurumende nehurumende. Louisiana inoshandisa gadziriro yakafanana inowanzonzi chinhu chikuru chesango, kunyange zvazvo nokusiyana uko mukwikwidzani anogamuchira vazhinjisa musarudzo yokutanga anowana chose chose pasina kupfuurira kurusarudzo rwavose. Alaska nguva pfupi yapfuura yakagamuchira gadziriro yokutanga yapamusoro-4 yakabatanidzwa nokuvhota kwapanzvimbo yakakwirira mukuvhota, inomirira kumwe kusiana paiyi nzira.

Vatsigiri vanotaura kuti maprimial maviri akakwirira anoderedza kuganhurirana kwemativi ose kupfurikidza nokugadzira sundo dzokukumbira vadaviri kukwezverwa kunzvimbo dzapanzvimbo dzapapati. Muruwa dzinodzorwa nebato rimwe, gadziriro mbiri dzapamusoro dzinogona kuita sarudzo dzamakwikwi pakati pavadari vaviri vanobva mubato guru, vachipa vvutsi zvisarudzo zvine revo kunyange mumhoteredzo dzisina kubatanidzwa. Iyi miitiro inobvisawo njodzi inotarisana navazvimiriri vezvinzvimbo zvavose uye vechitatu avo vangabviswa muvhotaro dzechisarudzo chamagamuchidzanwa.

Vatsoropodzi vanoomerera kuti masangano makuru maviri anogona kubvisa chose chose mapoka maduku mumarobhoti ose okuvhota uye angaparira sarudzo pakati pavadaviri vanobva mumubato mumwe chetewo, vachinyima vvumbi vechisarudzo chapachokwadi chepfungwa. Mumaruwa eDhemocratic kana kuti Republican, vose vari vaviri vasarudzo vangabva muboka guru, sezvingabvira vachibvisa murangariro weboka duku chose chose chose. Mibvunzo inopfuurirawo pamusoro pokuti miitiro yepamusoro-2 inoparira chaizvoizvo vakwikwikwidzani vane mwero kana kuti kungobvisa zvavo maruramiro amakwikwikwi ane mwero zvikuru pasina kuchinja chose chose.

Mireza Yavakuru Vehurumende Nemikoto: Gadziriro Yechienzi

Makwikwi aPurezidhendi anoshanda mumirairo yakasiana zvikuru nemibato yapamusoro nokuda kwedzimwe hofisi. Panzvimbo pokusarudza zvakananga mutezo, zvigaro zvapurezidhendi nezvishandiso zvinosarudza kuti vamiririri vangani vanogamuchira pakokorodzano yenyika yebato. Nhume idzi panguva iyoyo nenzira yakarongwa dzinoisa mubatanidzwa womukuru mukuru webato, kunyange zvazvo mukushandisa kwazvino uno muuyo wacho unowanzosarudzwa nemigumisiro mikuru nekaucus panzvimbo pezvirongwa zvekokorodzano.

Masangano eDemocratic and Republican anoshandisa mitemo yakasiana----phara yakavakirwa pamiuyo mikuru. Democratic Party inoda mugove unogoverwa wakaenzana, vada kutora nhume mukuwirirana negoverano yavo, zvikurukuru nechikumbaridzo che 15 muzana chokugamuchira nhume dzipi nedzipi. Republican Party inobvumira nyika kusarudza pakati pezviwiro zvemitengo inogoverwa, inowana zvose uko muwiri mukuru anogamuchira nhume dzose, kana kuti mitoo yemibatanidzwa. Iyi misiyano yomuraudzo inogona kuva netapurofiti huru zvikuru namagadziro nemiuyo.

Dzimwe nyika dzinoitisa makambani panzvimbo pezvirunganwa zvamapurezidhendi. Caucus imisangano yebato umo vapindi vanoungana panzvimbo dzakatarwa kuti vakurukure zvavanoda kupfurikidza nemiitiro yakasiana- siana yokuvhota. Kushandisa kwaIowa, kwaitanga kupiwa munyika, kwakagamuchira ngwariro pasinei zvapo nokumirira mugove muduku wenhume dzose. ChiCucuuses chinoda nguva yakawanda zvikuru kupfuura starmation, sezvo vatori vanofanira kupinda panguva yakati nenzvimbo panzvimbo panzvimbo pokuvhota panguva yavo yokuvhota.

Mugariro wezvisakiso zvapurezidhendi wevapringia unoita miuyo yesimba inokudza pesvedzero yenyika dzapakuvamba dzinobudisa mitauro. Vatambi vanoita zvakanaka muIowa neNew Hampshire vanowana ngwariro yezvinobudisa nhau, vanopa betsero, uye nzwisiso yezvisakiso zvinogona kuvasunda kubudirira mumakwikwi anotevera. Nenzira inopesana, vaparidzi vanobatira pasi penyika dzapakuvamba vanowanzoona kuderera kwekukwirira kwavo kunobvira mumitengo yakasiana - siana, mikurumbira iyo gare gare. Uku kusimba kwakaparira gakavadzano dzinopfuurira pamusoro pokuti kana karenda yazvino inopa pesvedzero duku, isingatsiviki.

Mapati ose ari maviri makuru anobatanidzawo nhume dzisina kudzivirirwa munhume dzawo dzekokorodzano. Democratic Party mageess maddalaign(vatungamiriri vakasarudzwa navatungamiriri vanogona kutsigira mushakabvu upi noupi) vave vane nharo zvikuru, navatsoropodzi vachipikisa nheyo dzehurumende yedemokrase kupfurikidza nokupa pesvedzero chaiyo yeboka. Pashure porusarudzo rwa2016, Democrates akashandura mitemo yavo kuderedza simba guru, rinovadzivisa kuvhotera pabhoti yokutanga kutoti kana mutengi akatonge awana voruzhinji venhume vakapikirwa.

Tapuro Yezviono Zvokutanga Pakuchinjwa Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika

Sarudzo huru dzakabatanidzwa mukuwedzera kwezvamatongerwe enyika zveAmerica, kunyange zvazvo nyanzvi dzichikakavadzana ukuru hwebasa radzo. Rondedzero yacho inoti vavhoti vakuru vanokombamira kuva vakanyanyisa zvikuru mundangariro kupfuura vakasarudzwa vose, vakaumbwa navatsigiri vebato navatsigiri vebato zvikuru panzvimbo pokuvhota vane mwero. Vanotsvaka kuwina vapamberi saka vane kurudziro dzokuwana nzvimbo dzakanyanyisa dzokukwidziridza idzi zvitendero, kuchitungamirira kukugarwa kwedare rinogarwa navapi vemitengo yedzidziso panzvimbo pePragmatics.

Uku kupesana kunganyanya kujekeswa mumasangano makuru akavharwa uye mumaruwa anotora vanhu zvikuru. Kana ruwa rwakachengeteka kuDemocratic kana kuti Republican, ruva chisarudzo chikuru chinova chamakwikwi bedzi, uye zvisarudzo zvikuru zvevavhoti zvinosarudza kuti ndiani ari panzvimbo. Kana vavhoti vakuru ivavo vakananga kumipimo yepfungwa, mutarisiri anovapo somuuyo acharatidzira zvisarudzo izvozvo panzvimbo pemirangariro ine mwero zvikuru yevoruzhinji vanosarudza.

Kunzvera pamubvunzo uyu kwakabudisa zviwanwa zvakavhengana. Dzimwe nzvero dzinokarakadza vavhoti vakuru zvamazvirokwazvo vanyanyisa zvikuru kupfuura vavhotiwo zvavo uye kuti uyu musiano unopesvedzera kuiswa kwevanoda kusarudzwa nomufambiro wemitemo. Kumwe kunzvera kunowana kuti vavhoti vakuru havasi vakanyanyisa zvikuru kupfuura vavhoti vesarudzo, kana kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvakadai sokuvhota, kutsaura, uye kukamukana kwezvinobudisa nhau kunoita mabasa makuru mukufambisa mamiriro okunze enzvimbo dzinonzeveveve. Ukama pakati pemiitiro yemavambo nenzvimbo inodzorekanwa sezvingabvira hahusi hwakanyanyisa uye hunowirirana nezvimwe zvinhu zvesangano nenzanga.

Kuderera kwekusarudza kukuru kungawedzera miuyo ipi neipi inopesana. Apo chikamu chiduku bedzi chavavhoti vakakodzera vanotora rutivi muvapindiri veporimendi, avo vanoita vhoti vangasamirira mitezo yakafara yebato, kutozorega vavhoti vese vemifungo. Vatsigiri vepfungwa vanosundwa zvikuru vangaumba mugove mukuru zvikuru wevasarudzo huru kupfuura zvavanoita vechiverengero chavagari vose, vachivapa pesvedzero isingaenzaniswi pamusoro pechisarudzo chavanoda. Nhambuvarira dzokuwedzera huru dzingabetsera naizvozvo kuva nomwero une mwero kupfurikidza nokuvimbisa simba gurusa ravose.

Kutora Rutivi Nokupinda Muzvisarudzo Zvokutanga

Sarudzo huru inodzorwa nguva dzose seri kwechitsaru, kazhinji kazhinji nemicheto mikuru. Nepo sarudzo yavose yapurezidhendi inowanzoona mwero inodzorwa ya55 kusvikira ku 65 muzana yavavhoti vakakodzera, maprizition apurezidhendi kazhinji kazhinji anokwezva bedzi 20 kusvikira ku 30 muzana yokutora rutivi. Kuvhaira nokuda kweprimendis nokuda kwehurumende namahofisi omunzvimbomo kunogona kunyange kuderera, pane dzimwe nguva kuderera kuva nhamba imwe. Uku kutora rutivi kunoreva kuti kuva kuduku, kusingasviki kusingabviri pakusarudzwa kwomuvhoti.

Zvinhu zvakawanda zvinoparira kuderera kukuru. Vavhoti vazhinji havazivi apo zvivako zvokutanga zvinoitika kana kuti mahofisi api ari kukwikwidzwa, sezvo hofisi dzinogamuchira kuziviswa kushoma kwezvinobudisa nhau uye ngwariro yavose kupfuura sarudzo dzavanhu vose. Kuwanda kwemisi mikuru yakasiana - siana munyika uye mahofisi anoparira karenda inovhiringidza uko kunoita kuti kuve kwakaoma kuvagari vemo kuronda apo vanofanira kuvhota. Masangano makurusa anodzivisa vavhoti vanozvimirira, avo vanomirira goverano inokura yevavhoti, kumwe kutora rutivi runoodza mwoyo.

Kushaikwa kunofungidzirwa kwokukwikwidzana muvamiriri vazhinji kunodzivisawo kudzokera. Apo vapamberi vasina kutarisana nedenho dzakakomba kana kuti apo mumwe mutsigiri anofarikanya betsero huru mukubhadharwa nokutsigirwa kwemari, vavhoti vangagumisa kutora rutivi kwavo hakusati kuchizotapura miuyo ine revo. Ikoku kunoparira uporofita hwokuzvigutsa humene apo kudzokera kwakaderera kunokarirwa kunobetsera mapoka maduku, akarongwa kudzora zviremera, ukowo kunosimbisa murangariro wokuti mavambo ezvinhu haasati achizofanira kuvhota.

Kusarura kwetsika mukuita rutivi rukuru kunomutsa funganyo pamusoro pomumiririri namutevedzeri. Vavhoti vokutanga vanowanzova vakuru, vakapfuma, vachena, uye vakadzidza zvikuru kupfuura vatongi vose. Uku kunoreva kuti vadaviri vanosarudzwa nomumaprimishita vangadavidza zvikuru kuzvinodiwa namapoka anobatsira kupfuura izvo zvenzanga dzakaderedzwa. Vavhooti vaduku navanovhota mavara, pasinei zvapo nokuva vanokosha veDidemocratic consitue des contions muvhotations, kazhinji kazhinji vanotora rutivi mumaDdemocratic Pription pamitions akaderera kupfuura machena, avo vanoda kukunda mavhotera.

Zvinjo dzakasiana - siana dzakakarakadzwa kuwedzera kubatira mberi kukuru, kubatanidza misi yokutanga, kubatanidza kunyoresa kwokuzvidira kwevhota, kubvumira kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chetero rebato, kufutunura kuvhota kwapakuvamba nechisarudzo pafoni, uye kuitisa dzidzo yakawanda yavavhoti pamusoro pesarudzo huru. Dzimwe zviremera zvakaedza kuisa mikana pazuva rimwe chetero sarudzo yavose yedzimwe hofisi kusimudzira kunyoreswa. Simba reizvi kuvhotera rinochinja, asi ufakazi hunokarakadza kuti kuderedza mhinganidzo dzokudzora uye kuwedzera kusarudza kwamasarudzo huru kunogona kuvandudza nenzira ine revo.

Basa Remari Nezvinobudisa Mashoko Pakusarudza Kunyanya

Mari inoita basa rinokosha mukubudirira kwesarudzo huru, kazhinji kazhinji ichisarudza kuti vada kutora vaigona kutora nhimbe dzinobudirira ndokusvika vavhoti nenzira inobudirira. Kusafanana nesarudzo dzavose, umo tsigiro yebato nemari yavose zvingava zviripo, vanonyanyoda kuunganidza mari nenzira yakazvimirira kuti vavake nhimbe, kubhadharira vashandi, kuvhota, uye kukurukura navavhota. Iyi migove inoraira inogona kubatsira vapfumi vanogona kuzvifadza vamene kana kuti avo vane batano negadziriro dzemipi.

Ukoshi hwemari yapakuvamba hwakakura mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura, sezvo vada kuratidzira kukwanisa kwemari kurangarirwa zvakakomba nezvinobudisa nhau, vatsigiri, uye vavhoti. Nhambo inonzi "zvisingaoneki" isati yaitwa apo vhoti dzipi nedzipi dzinokwikwidzwa apo vanokwikwidza vanokwikwidza nokuda kwetendero, ngwariro yezvinobudisa nhau, uye mipiro (8) kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inobvumikisa chisarudzo chokuti vadai vanobuda savakwikwidzi vakakomba. Vanokundikana kusimudzira mari yakakwana mukati nhambo ino vangamanikidzirwa kubuda pamberi pomuvhotisi mumizhinjisarudzi vane banza ripi neripi rokuratidzira zvido zvavo.

Kufukidzwa kwenhau kunoumba zvikuru miuyo yokutanga kupfurikidza nokusarudza kuti vada kutevera vapi vanogamuchira ngwariro sei uye kuti vanoratidzirwa sei. Vachadenga vanogadzira nhau dzinogombedzera, vanoparira nguva dzinoyeukwa, kana kuti masangano akakodzera ezvinobudisa nhau nokuda kwavatambi vanogamuchira kufukidzwa kusingaenzana naavo vanorangarirwa kuva vapfuri varefu. Uku kupfuudza kunoparira kusawirirana kuzviita vamene uko ngwariro yezvinobudisa nhau inonyandura kuisa ngwariro nenhamba dzenzvero, izvo zvinoparira ngwariro yakawanda zvikuru yezviteshi. Vanobvisa muiyi rwisano yokuwana nhevedzano pasinei zvapo nezvikwaniso zvavo kana kuti nzvimbo zvemiitiro.

Nhimbe huru yesocial neInternational yachinja nhimbe huru kupfurikidza nokugonesa vadaviri kukurukura zvakananga navavhoti ndokuvaka midzi inotsigira pasina kuvimba chose chose navarindi vemagedhi ezviteshi zvenhau. Vapendi vanogona kushandisa zvikuva zvakafanana ne Twitter, Facebook, uye Istagram kugoverana mashoko avo, kugamuchira vashori, uye kukurudzira vatsigiri. Zvisinei, zvinobudisa nhau zvenzanga zvinogonesawo kuparadzira mashoko asina kururama anokurumidza, zvinobetsera kunyora mashoko maduku - duku anotaputirwa angasiana muvateereri, uye zvinogona kubudisa kutaura kunoparadzanisa uko kusingabvumirani.

Nharo dzazova zviitiko zvikuru munhimbe huru, zvikurukuru nokuda kwokutora mashoko kwapurezidhendi. Idzi nzvimbo dzinogovera mikana nokuda kwavadaviri vashoma vanozivikanwa kuti vazvizivise vamene kuvavhoti uye kuti vose vanoda kuratidzira zivo yavo, chimiro chendangariro, uye unyanzvi hwekurukurirano. Zvisinei, zvinyorwa zvekurukurirano kazhinji kazhinji zvinoisa kurukurirano yemagakava, uye mipimo yokutora rutivi kwekurukurirano yemasangano akaderera. Nenzira inovakirwa pakuvhota uye kuvhotera namapepa bhasikoro, zvinobvisa vatendi vatendi vatendi vebasa nepo vanobatanidza avo vane zita rakakwirira asi vanongotsigira chaizvoizvo.

Kusarudza Nokumirira Misha Yakasiyana - siyana

Sarudzo huru inoita basa rinokosha mukusarudza kana mitumbi yakasarudzwa inoratidzira mhatsa yavagari vemo nendangariro zvezviverengero zvavanobatira. Gadziriro yegadziriro huru dzinogona kupfavisa kana kuti kudzivisa kusarudza kwavanoda kunobva mumapoka anomiririrwa, kubatanidza vakadzi, vanhu vane ruvara, vanhu veLGBTQ, uye makirasi anoshanda. Kunzwisisa aya masimba anokosha mukunzvera kana gadziriro huru dzichifambira mberi kana kuti kudzongonyedza kumirira kwedemocracy.

Nzvero inokarakadza kuti vakadzi vanotora vanoita pamwe chete navarume musarudzo huru apo vanosarudza kumhanya, asi vakadzi vanoramba vari pasi pakatanhamara pakati pavadanho. Ikoku kunokarakadza mhinganidzo huru kumimiriri yavakadzi iri mukunyoreswa uye chisarudzo chokushandisa panzvimbo pekuvhotera muvamiriri vamene. Zvisinei, gadziriro huru dzinoda kubhadharwa zvikuru kana kuti vatsvaki vane maruramiro ezvamatongerwe enyika vangada kusabetsera vakadzi nenzira isina kunanga kwakananga uye mamwe mapoka akarevererwa mukuwirirana nenhau dzakatarisana nemhinganidzo dzokuwana izvi zvinhu.

Nguva nechimiro zvezvirungamira zvinogona kutapura mativi maduku munzira dzakaoma. Runoff primries, inoshandiswa munhau munyika dzeMadokero, yakatsoropodzwa nokuda kwokuderedza simba rokuvhota vashoma kupfurikidza nokudzivisa vakwidziridziri vashomanene kuwina netsigiro yakawanda muminda yakatsvikinyidzana. Zvisinei, ufakazi husingachinjiki pamusoro petapuro dzemimirimo miduku inovhenganiswa, nokumwe kufunda kuwana tapuro dzakaipa uye vamwe vawana pesvedzero yakaderera. Kubatana pakati pegadziriro huru nezvimwe zvinhu zvakadai sezvikamu zveruwa nedziviriro zvokuvhotera sezvinobvira kusarudza miuyo.

Gadziriro dzakazaruka dzingawedzera kuratidzirwa kupfurikidza nokubvumira vavhoti vashomanene vasina kunyoreswa nebato rimwe chetero guru kutora rutivi mukusarudza vadaviri. Munzanga umo vavhoti vashomanene sezvingabvira zvikuru vanganyoresa nebato, primmas dzakavharwa dzinogona kubvisa nenzira inobudirira ava vavhoti kubva mudanho rapashure zvikurusa regadziriro yokuvhota. Nenzira inopesana, vamwe vatsigiri vanotaura kuti maprimme anodzivirira mano enzanga duku okusarudza vadikanwi vavo pasina kudzorwa nevombi kunze kwenzanga.

Kuwanda kwemisi yesarudzo yokutanga kunogona kutapura kuti manzwi enzanga anonzwika mumuitiro wokunatsa. Apo nyika dzapakuvamba zvikurusa dzinenge dziri dzechichena namaruwa, vada kuwirirana mashoko adzo nenzvimbo dzemitemo kuti vafadze nzanga idzi, vachideredza zvinonetsa zvenzanga dzomumaguta nenzanga dzeruvara izvo zvinovhota gare gare. Nhamburiko dzokubatanidza karenda yokutanga kana kuti kuva nevavariro dzezvikamu zvenyika kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti mwero wakafara wenzanga dzinopesvedzera nzanga kubva pakuvamba kwebasa racho.

Zvinetso Zvepamutemo Nemibvunzo Yebumbiro Remitemo

Sarudzo huru dzine nzvimbo isina kujeka mumutemo webumbiro remitemo, iripo pamhatsa yemitemo yenyika, kuzvitonga kwebato, uye kodzero dzokuvhota. Dare rakanetseka nemibvunzo pamusoro poukuru uhwo hurumende dzinogona kudzora sarudzo huru, kana masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika ane maruramiro emitemo okudzora miitiro yawo yokuisa zvigaro zvechikwata, uye kuti ikodzero dzipi idzo vavhoti vanofanira kutora muvatengi. Mibvunzo iyi yepamutemo yakabudisa boka rakaoma rejurisprudeciation iro rinopfuurira kushanduka - shanduka.

Chisarudzo cheDare Gurusa mu [FT:0] Smith v. Allwright (1944) chakasimbisa kuti sarudzo huru rutivi runokosha rwebasa rokusarudza rinodzorwa nemitemo, kudzika miganhu yose yedare sekuputswa kwePendement. Iyi chinyorwa chakaramba kutaura kwokuti vapamberi vemapoka akanga ari nhau dzakavanzika chete dzebato kupfuura mutemo, kuziva basa iroro rokusarudza uyo anobata basa ravose mubumbiro remitemo inodzivirira pamutemo.

Nguva pfupi yapfuura, Dare rakaziva kodzero dzemasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika pasi peFirst Amendment, iyo inogona kurwisana nenhamburiko dzehurumende dzokudzora sarudzo huru. Mu California Democratic Party v. Jones [2000], Dare rakarova gadziriro huru yezvikamu zveCalifornia, iyo yakabvumira vavhoti kuvhota mubato rimwe nerimwe pasinei zvapo nebato. Dare rakati kuti kumanikidza vanhu kuti vasarumbidze vaisava mitezo inopesana kutora rusununguko rwavo rwesonganiro.

Zvisinei, Dare rakatsigira gadziriro huru yepamusoro-mbiri mu Shashington State Gerange v. Washington State Republican Party [2008], richiisiyanisa negumbeze zvikurukuru kupfurikidza nokucherekedza kuti gadziriro yapamusoro-2 haisarudziri vachemi asi panzvimbo pezvo vakwikwidziri vezvisarudzo. Uku kunosimbisa kunzvera kwemabumbiro emitemo kwakajeka kunodikanwa nokuda kwegadziriro huru dzakasiana uye kunokarakadza kuti ine chinjiko dzakati kuti mukuongorora gadziriro dzavo dzinosarudzwa chero bedzi vachiremekedza kodzero dzemiteveri veboka.

Kuramba kuchiedza miganhu yemitemo mikuru inobvumirwa. Zvisarudzo zvakapindura mibvunzo kubatanidza kana hurumende dzinogona kuda kuti vanhu vashandise zvikoro panzvimbo pekokorodzano kusarudza maminei, kana gadziriro dzokutanga dzakavharwa pasina pamutemo dzichiremedza kodzero dzevavhoti, uye kana hurumende dzinogona kudzora miitiro yemukati inoshandiswa kutungamirira. Izvi zvinoitika zvinoratidza kusawirirana kunopfuurira pakati petsika dzinokwikwikwidzana dzehurumende dzechiremera chehurumende, petrolic, uye kodzero dzokuvhota.

Mirangariro Yamarudzi Ose Pazvisarudzo Zvokutanga

Apo sarudzo huru dzakapinzwa zvikuru mutsika yezvamatongerwe enyika yeAmerica, dzinoramba dziri shoma zvikuru mudzimwe hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu. Miitiro mizhinjisa yeparamende inovimba navatungamiriri vebato, mitezo yebato, kana kuti kokorodzano dzepamubato kusarudza vadaviri panzvimbo pokuita sarudzo huru dzakazarukira kuvanasarudzo vakakura. Kunzvera kuti kumwe kusarudzwa kwavana muhurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu kunogovera sei murangariro unokosha pamusoro pebetsero neganhuriro dzegadziriro huru dzeAmerica.

Muhurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzeEurope dzakawanda, mabato ezvamatongerwe enyika anosarudza vadaviri kupfurikidza nemiitiro yomukati yebato iyo ingabatanidza mitezo yebato asi kwete vanhu vose. United Kingdom, somuenzaniso, inobvumira mitezo yebato kuvhotera vatungamiriri vebato, asi kusarudzwa kwokuda kutevedzerwa kwehurumende imwe neimwe kunoitwa zvapakuvamba namasangano ebato romunzvimbomo. Iyi tsika inopa zviremera zvikuru pavamiriri vavo uye inogona kuparira chirango chebato namaruvara anowirirana, asi inonangidzirawo simba mukuvakwa kwebato uye ingaganhurira mabanza avadi vokunze.

Dzimwe nyika dzakaedza gadziriro dzakafanana nedzehwapakuvamba mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya. France yakasuma zvigaro zvakazaruka nokuda kwezvirongwa zvapurezidhendi muna 2011, ichibvumira muvhoti upi noupi kutora rutivi mukusarudza vatengi nokuda kwomuripo muduku. Iyi starched yakakwezva kutora rutivi runokosha ndokuita fariro yavose, kunyange zvazvo yakabudisawo miuyo isingakarirwi pamusoro pokuvhota kwakananga kwavavengi. Italy yakaedzawo sarudzo huru nokuda kwokusarudza vatungamiriri vebato navaroyi vanoenda kundodariro, kunyange zvazvo kupedza kwave kuchipesana mumapoka namaruwa.

Nyika dzeLatin America dzakagamuchira nenzira inowedzera sarudzo huru, kazhinji kazhinji sorutivi rwenhamburiko huru dzedemocracy. Argentina, Uruguay, uye dzimwe nyika dzinoverengeka zvino dzinoda kuti vazvisarudzire kupfurikidza nezvisarudzo zvikuru, vachizviona sezvishandiso zvokuwedzera kujeka, kuderedza uori, uye kuvandudza kuva pamutemo kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Iyi miitiro inosiana muudzame hwayo, nedzimwe nyika dzine nzvimbo dzapanhambo nenhambo dzose uye dzimwe dzinobvumira mapoka kusarudza kana dzine mubato mumwe bedzi.

Kushandiswa kukuru kwesarudzo huru munyika yose kunoratidzira masangano makuru kukupesana nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu nepanikiridzo dzemasangano echimurenga. Zvisinei, chinoitika cheAmerica chinokarakadza kuti gadziriro huru dzinouya nezvokutengeserana, kubatanidza bviro dzokuwedzera kwenzvimbo dzokunze, nhimbe dzenhimbe dzakakwirira, uye nhevedzano dzamasarudzo refu. Nyika dzinorangarira kurera mwana wokutanga dzinofanira kuyera idzi ndyiko nebetsero dzokutora rutivi nechiremera choubati ushe hwedemori.

Kuchinja Kusarudza Kukuru: Zvirongwa uye Kuvandudza

Kusagutsikana nemativi akasiyana - siyana egadziriro huru yazvino yaita zvikarakadzo zvakawanda zvokuchinja zvakaitirwa kugadzirisa zvinofungwa. Zvikarakadzo izvi zvinosiyana kubva pakugadziridza kwakasiyana kusvikira kugadziriro dziripo kusvikira kukugadziridzazve kukuru marongedzerwe anoitwa vanhu. Kunyange zvazvo pasina kubvumirana kwakatanga pane imwe purogiramu yokuchinja, kuedza kunoramba kuchipa mikana yokuongorora nzira dzakasiyana - siyana dzokuita nadzo zvinhu.

Kuvhota kwakakurirwa nechokuvhota kwakawana kubviswa sechinjo inobvira nokuda kwesarudzo huru. Mutsika ino, vavhoti vanowirirana munhevedzano yezvinodikanwa panzvimbo pokusarudza chimwe. Kana pasina muvhoti wokutanga, muvhoti akawana chiverengero nezvivhoti zvishomasarudzo zvinobviswa uye vatsigiri vavo vechipiri vanoramba vachichinja. Vatsigiri vanopikisa kuti kuvhotera kwakarongwa kunokurudzira kutsigira kwakanaka, vanovimbisa kuti vakundi vane tsigiro huru, uye vanobvisa kudikanwa kwesarudzo dzokupedzisira. Maine aita chisarudzo chechipiri chenyika yehurumende nevhoterategi yorusarudzo rwehurumende, uye Alaska akagamuchira gadziriro inoumbwa nenzvimbo inoumbwa namativi mana.

Zvikarakadzo zvokubatanidza nharidzano huru dzokuderedza pesvedzero yenyika dzinobudisa mitauro yapakuvamba ndokuvimbisa kuti nzvimbo dzakasiana-- siyana dzine muuyo une revo mukusarudza mudanho. Zuva guru renyika ringava nevhoti dzose dzenyika, kubvisa tapuro dzesimba asi zvinobvira kudzora vadaviri nokuzivikanwa kwapakuvamba kwezita nebetsero. Maruwa eruwa, umo maruwa akasiyana - siyana enyika anovhota misi inochinja, kuedza kudzikamisa idzi itiro kupfurikidza nokuchengeta zvinhu zvine chokuita necherekedzo apo kunenge kuchivigira mhatsa yenzvimbo pakati penyika dzapakuvamba.

Vamwe vachinji vanotsigira kubvisa zvigaro zvevatungamiriri chose chose nokudzokera kumiitiro inodzorwa namabato, vachiramba kuti mavambo akanetesa mapati, kuwedzera kwapasi, uye kubereka vakwaniri vashomanene vakakwaniriswa. Mumurangariro uyu, vatungamiriri vebato navatsigiri vari nani kupfuura vakasarudzwa vazhinji kuti vaongorore zvikwaniriso zvavada kusarudzwa. Zvisinei, chikarakadzo ichi chinotarisana nemhinganidzo huru yakapiwa kuzvipira kwavose kurusarudzo rukuru uye zvinetso zvenhau zvegadziriro dzebato idzo zviremera zvakagadzirirwa kukurukura.

Kuvhota kwokupedzisira kunomirira kumwe mutoo mutsva, umo vavhoti vashanu vakakwirira mukufambira mberi kwokusarudza kukuru kukusarudza kwavose kunoitwa kupfurikidza nokuvhota kwakatanhamara. Iyi gadziriro inovavarira kuva nechokwadi chokuti sarudzo dzavanhu vose dzinobatanidza mifungo yakasiana- siyana nepo ichishandisa vvunganidzo yakarongwa kuti vabudise vawirirani vazhinji. Vatsigiri vanopikisa uyu mutoo waizoderedza muganhu, kuwedzera makwikwi, uye kupa vavhoti zvisarudzo zvine revo. Kugamuchira kwaAlaska kwev kuwirira kwamativi mana apamusoro kunopa mukana wokuyera miuyo yetsika ino.

Chinjo dzinosimbiswa noruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu dzinonangidzira ngwariro pakuita kuti kutora rutivi kuve kwakakodzera zvikuru kupfurikidza nokuvhota paIndaneti, kwakatambanudzwa nhambo dzokuvhota kwapakuvamba, uye gadziriro dzokuvhota netsamba. Nepo idzi chinjo dzingawedzera kupfurikidza nokuderedza mhinganidzo dzekuchengeteka, dzinomutsawo funganyo pamusoro pechengeteko, kuvanza, uye bviro yokumanikidzira. Dambudziko reCHOVID ra19 rinokurumidzira kugamuchirwa kwokuvhota nokuvhota, richigovera mashoko pamusoro pokuti kuchinja uku kutapura nokusarudzwa.

Nzira Iyo Vatambi Vamabasa Vanogona Kuwedzera Nayo Tapuro Yavo Mukusarudza Kunokosha

Kunyange zvazvo nzira dzakananga dzokuita nadzo zvisarudzo dzichisiyana nehurumende uye nepati, mazano anoverengeka anogona kubatsira vavhoti kuti vasarudze uye kuita kuti manzwi avo anzwike mukusarudza.

Chokutanga nechakatanhamara, vavhoti vanofanira kunzwisisa tsika huru yenyika yavo nezvinodikanwa zvokunyoresa. Mumaruwa makuru akavharwa, vavhoti vanofanira kunyoresa nebato vasati vasarudza kana vachida kutora rutivi mumuitiro wokutanga webato iroro. Nyika zhinji dzinoisa nguva dzokunyoresa vhiki kana kuti mwedzi pamberi pemaPritation, naizvozvo kumirira kusvikira nokukurumidza pamberi pokusarudzwa kuzoguma kugona kuvhota. Voters dzinogona kuwana mashoko pamusoro pegadziriro yokutanga yenyika yavo uye zvinodikanwa zvokunyoresa kupfurikidza nenzvimbo yavo yehofisi yesarudzo kana kuti nezviwanikwa zvisiri zvehurumende zvakafanana ne [[FLT: 0].[FLT]

Kuramba uchiziviswa pamusoro pemisi yokutanga yesarudzo kunokosha, sezvo iyoyi inosiana zvikuru munyika nehofisi. Primesteria dzinogamuchira ngwariro hurusa, asi starmist for conoration, hurumende, uye mahofisi omunzvimbomo kazhinji kazhinji zvinobvumikisa zvakaenzana kana kuti zvakatsikirirwa zvikuru nokuda kwoupenyu hwezuva nezuva hwevavhoti. Hurumende zhinji dzinoita mahofisi akasiana pamisi yakasiana- siyana, kuvamba karenda yakaoma inoda ngwariro kukufamba. Kugadza zviyeuchidzo zvasarudzo uye kunyoresa kuzviratidzo zvamabhishopi kuvakuru vakuru vesarudzo kunogona kubetsera kuvimbisa kuva anopotsa madatendi ebasa makurusarudzo.

Vanoda kunzvera vasati vasarudza zvikuru vanogonesa vavhoti kuita zvisarudzo zvokuziva panzvimbo pokutsamira bedzi pakuzivikanwa kwezita kana kuti zvinhu zvapamusoro. Sarudzo huru inowanzoratidzira vadaviri vakawanda vane masangano akafanana nemirangariro yavose, vachienzanisa nokungwarira mamiriro avo ezvinhu, nzvimbo dzemiitiro, nezvikwaniriso zvinokosha. Vavhoti vanogona kuwana mashoko evanoda kupinda munhimbe nenzvimbo dzenhimbe, vavhoti, varatori vanoitwa namasangano asingatendi, uye vatsinhiro. Kupa ngwariro kukutsigira kutsinhirana namasangano uye vanhu vamwe navamwe vaunovimba navo vanogona kugoverawo mashoko anobetsera.

Kutora rutivi mukuvhota kwapakuvamba kana kuti kukumbira mavhota okushaikwa kunogona kuita kuti kuvhota kukuru kuve kwakakodzera zvikuru uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti migariro isingakarirwi haidzivisi kutora rutivi. Mitengo yakawanda zvino inogovera nguva dzapamberi dzokuvhota kana kuti kusagovera kusingaregi, kubvumira vavhoti kukanda mapepa panguva dzinowirirana nezvirongwa zvavo. Izvi zvisarudzo zvinogona kuva zvinokosha zvikuru kuva zvinobetsera nokuda kwemarusando ebasa asingachinjiki, mitoro, kana kuti zvimwe zviteshi zvinoita kuti kuvhota pazuva guru zvive zvakaoma.

Kutora kunopfuura kuvhota chete kunogona kuwedzera tapuro huru pasarudzo huru. Kuzvipira nokuda kwenhimbe, kupa vada kusarudzwa, kukurukura sarudzo neshamwari nemhuri, uye kutora rutivi mudanho zvose zvinobetsera kuumba migumisiro yokutanga. Mukusarudza kukuru kwakaderera, nhamba duku zvikuru yavagari vemo vakarongerwa inogona kuva netapuro huru, kuita kuti kutora rutivi kwomunhu oga zvikurukuru kuve nechero. Vatambi vanoitira hanya zvikuru pamusoro penhau dzakati kana kuti vada kufunda vanogona kuva netapuro huru kupfurikidza nokushandisa nguva nesimba munhimbe huru.

Nguva Yemberi Yezvisarudzo Zvokutanga Muhurumende Yechido Chose yeAmerica

Zvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana zvinoratidza kuti gadziriro dzepasi dzingatanga sei mumakore ari kuuya uye kuti ichange iri matambudziko api padzichatarisana nokuramba dzichiita basa radzo rokusarudza vanhu vanoda kusarudzwa nehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu.

Kukura kwavavhoti vakazvimirira kunopa denho huru nokuda kwegadziriro huru dzegamuchidzanwa, zvikurukuru maprim akavharwa ayo anobvisa vavhoti vasina kubatana. Sezvo kuzivikanwa kwebato kunonetesa uye vavhoti vakawanda vachidzivisa kubatanidzwa kwebato, dzvinyiriro ichawedzera sezvingabvira kuvhura masumo kuti vapinde vazvimiririre. Iyi kombamiro ingakurumidzisa kugamuchirwa kwegadziriro dzehwaro dzakazarurirwa, gadziriro dzinovharwa dzinobatanidza dzinozvimirira, kana kuti miitiro isati iri yepartistan inodzora ganhuriro dzebato chose chose chose. Zvisinei, mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika achadzivisa chinjo dzinoderedza kudzora kwavo pamifungo yavo, kuchiparira dzvinyiriro inopfuurira pakati pokuzvidzora neboka.

Chinjo yoruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu ichapfuurira kujekeswa kuti nhimbe huru dzinoitwa sei uye kuti vavhoti vapindurire sei mashoko pamusoro pavadaviri. Nhepfenyuro dzenzanga, mashoko ezviziviso zvemichina zvakatochinja gadziriro dzenhimbe, uye kubuda kwounyanzvi kufanana noungwaru hwokugadzira uye zvisakiso zvichatanga mikana mitsva nedenho. Vakuru vakuru vakuru vedare vachada kuchinja matanho okudzivirira kutarisana netyisidziro nepo vachinzvera kana ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu ruchigona kuita kuti vhotera ive nyore nyore kupfurikidza nekombiyuta kana kuti michina yokuvhota.

Kufunganya pamusoro pekuparadzana uye kusashanda zvakanaka kwematongerwe enyika eAmerica kungangoita kuti kuedza kupfuuridzirwe nemimwe mibatanidzwa mikuru. Zvivi zvingagamuchira kuvhota kwakatanhamara, mativi maviri kana mana ezvikwata, kana kuti zvimwe zvinhu zvakagadzirirwa kukurudzira kuva nomwero uye kuvakwa kwemubatanidzwa. Rubudiriro kana kuti kukundikana kweidzi nzvero munyika dzakadai seAlaska, California, uye Maine zvichapesvedzera kana mamwe mativi adzorwa kana kuti kuchengetwa kwezvivako zvikuru zvamagamuchidzanwa.

Basa remari musarudzo huru richaramba richikakavadzana, negakava rinopfuurira pamusoro pomurayiro wezvemari wenhimbe, pesvedzero yavapi vakapfuma nePCAS hombe, uye kana gadziriro dzemari dzavose dzichigona kuisa nzvimbo yokutamba. zvisarudzo zveDare Rapamusorosoro zvinoganhurira mirau yemari zvakaita kuti kugadziriswa kwemiitiro yemari kuve kwakaoma zvikuru, asi hurumende dzinochengeta chiremera chokudzora sarudzo huru uye dzingaedza nokutsigira mari yavose, ganhuriro dzemari, uye zvinodikanwa zvokuzivisa.

Chinjo dzenzvimbo dzinosarudzwa vanhu dzichavazve dzinotanga uye sezvingabvira dzichachinja marudzi avanoda kusarudzwa avo vanobudirira musarudzo huru. Sezvo vagari veAmerica vanova vakasiana zvikuru, vavhoti vakuru vachabatanidza nenzira inowedzera nzanga dzemavara, vavhoti vaduku, uye vavhoti vane zvinhu zvokutanga zvakasiyana- siyana kupfuura zvinosarudzwa zvamagamuchidzanwa. Iyi mhindumupindu ingaparira vada kusarudzwa uye zvikuva zvinoparira zviri nani kuvadziko inochinja, kunyange zvazvo uku kukura kwechinjo iyi kuchatsamira pakuti idzi nzanga dzinotora rutivi muzvitsauko zvapakuvamba pamwero yechiverengero chavagari vemo chadzo.

Chinjo yemamiriro okunze, kusaenzana kwezvemari, kukwanisa kuwana zvoutano, uye zvimwe denho dzemiitiro zvinoda kukurumidza zvichaedza kana gadziriro huru dzinogona kubudisa vatungamiriri vanokwanisa kugadzirisa zvinetso zvakaoma zvinoda kufunga kwenguva refu uye kuvaka mubatanidzwa. Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti mavambo anoisa pfungwa dzenguva pfupi, kuoma kwepfungwa, uye kutsigira kuwirirana kwemibatanidzwa miduku pane kuumba zvigadzikiso zvinotsigirwa. Kana gadziriro huru dzinogona kugadziridzwa kuti dzishande zvakanaka zvinodikanwa izvi nepo kuchengeta tsika dzadzo dzoutongi hwedemocracy kuchiramba chiri mubvunzo wakajeka unoumba udzongakurira nyika yeAmerica kwamakumi amakore kuti ive.

Kupedzisa: Kusarudza Kukuru Semasangano Echiuto

Sarudzo huru inomirira mutoo unosiyanisa wokusarudza vadaviri vehurumende yeruzhinji, unoratidzira misengwa mikuru kuuchangamire hwakakurumbira, kutora rutivi kwezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kusava nechokwadi kwesimba rakanangidzirwa. Nepo dzimwe hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzinopa chisarudzo chamadokero zvikurukuru kumasangano ebato, United States yakagamuchira gadziriro inopa simba vagari vemowo zvavo kuti vasarudze kuti ndiani achamirira masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika mukusarudza kwavose. Ichi chisarudzo chinoratidzira zvose zviri zviviri simba noutera hwetsika dzezvamatongerwe enyika zveAmerica: kutenda muuchenjeri hwakakurumbira nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu pamwe chete nokunyumwirwa kwechiremera chechiremera chehurumende nechisarudzo chikuru.

Gadziriro huru yesarudzo yakavapo zvikuru chifo chamavambo ayo Emberi mberi, kuchichinjira kuchinjo kumigariro yezvamatongerwe enyika, zvinodikanwa zvapamutemo, uye mano oruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu. Zvikwata zvanhasi zvakafanana zvishoma namakwikwi okutanga kwechi20 okutanga ayo akadenha udzori hwebato. Zvirongwa zvaPresidenti zvakava zvamaoresa, zviono zvegore zvinoumba hurukuro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Hurumende nedzehurumende dzomunzvimbomo, nepo zvichigamuchira ngwariro shomanene, kazhinji kazhinji zvinobvumikisa kuva zvakaenzana mukusarudza kuti ndiani anodzora uye kuti itsaudzoro hunoteverwa.

Pasinei zvapo nekuva kwavo pakati pehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica, vvuruti huru vanotarisana netsoropodzo huru nedenho. Kuvhota kunomutsa mibvunzo pamusoro pokuti vavhoti vakuru vanomirira vanhu vose kana kuti vanongova bedzi vatsigiri vanosundwa zvikurusa nendangariro. Pesvedzero yemari nezvinobudisa nhau inoparira mhinganidzo yokupinda idzo dzingabvisa vakwaniriswa vasina kukwanisa kuwana vapi navapfumi vakapfuma kana kuti mugariro wemitengo yakasiana - siana iri munyika dzose inoparira nyongano uye vangabetsera nezvirongwa zvenhimbe zvinobvira kubudisa mitemo yakaoma.

Bva sarudzo huru inokoshawo mipimo yedemocracy inokosha uye inogovera miitiro yokuzvidavirira nemutsva wezvamatongerwe enyika. Inoita kuti vapikine makwikwi musimba retsika, inoita mabanza okupinda manzwi matsva mune zvamatongerwe enyika, uye ipa vagari vemo pesvedzero yakananga pamusoro pounovamirira. Kusununguka kwetsika huru kuvadaviriri vedzimwe nyika kwakaparira zvose zviri zviviri kudzongonyedzwa kunobetsera kwefariro dzakadzika midziro uye pamusoro pokukwidzwa kwemademocracy, kuratidzira kusawirirana kwamatongerwe enyika kwamatomupiki pakati peterano nechinjo, unyanzvi nerudzo, mubato, kuwirirana nechisarudzo nechisarudzo.

Sezvo hurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica inotarisana nedenho dzinobva mukuparadzaniswa, mashoko asina kururama, uye kuderera kwokuvimba mumasangano, basa resarudzo huru mukuwedzera zvimwe zvinetso izvi richaramba richirwiswa. nhamburiko dzokuchinja dzichapfuurira kuedza dzimwe gadziriro dzakagadzirirwa kukurudzira kuva nomwero, kuwedzera kutora rutivi, uye kuvandudza mufananidzo. Kubudirira kweidzi nzvero kuchatsamira pakunzvera kwokungwarira ufakazi, kudisa kudzidza muzvose zviri zviviri kubudirira nokukundikana, uye kuzvipira kunheyo dzedemocracy idzo sarudzo huru dzinorehwa kubatira.

Sarudzo huru hadzibetseri nenzira yomuzvarirwo kana kuti dzinokuvadza kudzorwa nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Miuyo yadzo inotsamira papurani yavo yakananga, mamiriro ezvinhu akakura umo vanoshanda, uye kuvimbisana kwavagari vemo avo vanotora rutivi mazviri. Nokunzwisisa kuti basa guru rasarudzo rinoshanda sei, kuziva simba ravo neganhuriro, uye kutora rutivi mukushingaira mumuitiro wokutonga, vavhoti vanogona kubetsera kubatira chinangwa chavo chakarongwa chokusarudza, vanomiririra vachatonga nenzira inobudirira mufariro yavose. Nokuda kwemashoko akawanda pamusoro pekunyoresa vhoti uye misi mikuru yesarudzo munyika yenyu, shanyira [[FLT:] U. Ecom Comment Com [[FF: 1]] kana kuti kubvunza pfuma kubva kumasangano [FFLD] States State Convention ofs orgocts]