Sarudzo huru idivi rokumirira hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, bva ivo vanoramba vari chimwe chemativi anonzwisiswa zvishoma ebasa rokuvhota. Nepo sarudzo dzavanhu dzinobata ngwariro yorudzi makore maviri kana mana ari ose, inzvimbo dzinofungwa kuti munda wavada kubhapatidzwa wakamanikidzirwa, zvikuva zvepati zvinoumbwa, uye nhungamiro yetsika yavose kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inosarudzwa kare pamberi paNovember. Kuvavhotera, kunzwisisa sarudzo huru hakusati iri hachisi chishandiso chehurumende chehurumende chete, (hwuri chishandiso chinoshanda chokuvimbisa kuti vanoda kuoneka vanhu zvirokwazvo.

Iyi nhungamiro inogovera kupetwa kwakakwana kwesarudzo huru muUnited States, ichifukidza nhau yadzo, marudzi akasiyana - siyana avavhoti angasangana nawo, nzira yavanopesvedzera nayo sarudzo yavose, uye maidi makuru ayo muvhoti ari wose anofanira kuziva kutora rutivi nenzira inobudirira.

Kusarudza Kunokosha Ndekupi?

Pahwaro hwayo hukurusa, sarudzo huru ndirwo rutanga rwesangano rezvamatongerwe enyika runoitwa nechisarudzo charo chesarudzo yavose iri kuuya. Vaparidzi vanoitika pamwero yehurumende, yehurumende, uye yomunzvimbomo, uye vakasiana musarudzo dzavose mukuti vanodzorwa nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo mukuti vanodzorwa nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo − kwete namapoka amene — pasi pemitemo inosiana zvikuru kubva kunyika imwe.

Gadziriro yazvino uno yakabuda mukuvamba kwezana ramakore rechi20 sorutivi rwesangano rokuchinja kunofambira mberi, iro rakatsvaka kuderedza simba ravakuru vebato ndokupa vvurudziwo zvawo kutaura kwakananga mukusarudza mudanho. Primmates isati yapararira, vadari vaisarudzwa zvakakurumbira nekokorodzano dzemapati dzakaumbwa navatungamiriri vebato. yokutanga kubatanidza purezidhendi [ yakaitwa muOregon muna 1910, uye muma 1970, masangano mazhinjisa enyika akanga agamuchira sarudzo huru nokuda kwedzimwe nzvimbo duku duku. Nhasi, inodokuva hurumende iri yose inoshandisa chimiro chikuru chavatungamiriri vemasangano, vatongi, vatongi, uye nzvimbo dzomunzvimbomo dzakawanda.

Mitemo inogona kuva inoyera kana kuti non-presiterial. Purezidhendi primenti inosarudza kuti nhume dzinogoverwa sei kuva vanorongera kutsvakidzwa nokuda kwenzvimbo yehurumende. Isina mavambo adzo. [FLT:] kazhinji kazhinji inodanwa kuti nyika nePrimendivanzi dzomunzvimbomo [[[FLT]] vatsvaki vemahofisi akadai seU.S., U.S. Dare reSazerimende, gavhuna, rehurumende, magavhuna, uye dzimwe nzvimbo dzomunzvimbomo dzinotonga rudzi rumwe norumwe rwechiduku dzinogona kusiana zvinoshamisa, uko kuri chikonzero chaiko kuzivikanwa nokuda kwokuziva mira mira mirano yakananga mumugariro wavo.

Marudzi Okusarudza Kunokosha

Hapana “dare” rimwe chete musarudzo dzeAmerica. United States dzakagamuchira mhatsa yemafomu, imwe neimwe ine revo dzayo imene nokuda kwokutora rutivi nomurongi. Kunzwisisa misiyano inobetsera vavhoti kuziva kuti ipi yavachagamuchira uye kana vachida kunyoreswa nepati yakati.

Vapfigirwa Papokutanga

Mu yakavharwa zvikuru, vavhoti bedzi avo vari mitezo yakanyoreswa yebato rezvamatongerwe enyika vangavhota muchikamu ichocho. Somuenzaniso, Democrat yakanyoreswa ingavhota bedzi muDemocratic huru; muRepublican angavhota bedzi muRepublican yokutanga. Iyi tsika inodzivisa vavhoti kuti vasadzore mitsetse yebato kuti vadzore vatsi vebato rinopesana ne(a unyanzvi hunozivikanwa se “kuvhotera.” United States yakadai se New York, Florida, uye Kentucky[FLT:] ishandise zvisaririra zverimwe diviti. Voters avo vasinganyorerwi nebato (idzokapoka) havagoni kutora rutivi rwomutemo kunze kwezuva remitemo.

Pfuurira Chikamu Chitsva

Mu inovhura chinhu chikuru, muvhoti upi noupi akanyoreswa angavhota mubato ripi neripi guru, pasinei zvapo nokunyoresa kwebato ravo vamene. Muvhoti anosarudza kuti inyimindupi yokutanga yokukumbira pazuva resarudzo. Iyi tsika inoshandiswa muzvinhu zvakadai se Wissin, Michigan, naVermont. Vavhoti vechechi vanorumbidzwa nokuda kwokukurudzira kutora rutivi rukuru, asi vanoshora vanobvumira vhotavhotera vachibva muboka rimwe kuti vasarutsirwe namaune nokuda kwechiito chikuru chebato chinopesana, nokudaro vachipesvedzera mugumisiro yechisarudzo.

Mutambo Wenhare

A blanket yokutanga[ [inozivikanwawo se “chikamu chikuru”] igadziriro umo vose vanoda kubhapatidzwa vanobva mumativi ose vanooneka paboka rimwe, uye vhoti vangavhota vadaviri mubato ripi neripi rehofisi. Voti yapamusoro-date . "Imivhoti" isati yaiswa parusarudzo rwebato. Iyi purogiramu yakashandiswa mu [[FLT:] Shokington, California, uye Louisiana (Lousana inoshandisa “chikamu chikuru chezvikamu zvematokisi"). Dare gurusa. . Dare guru rakarova shatisa seriti yemakurusa [FT] mu21][FT]

Pasworth

Pasi pe pamusoro-pakuru vaviri , vada kubhapatidzwa vose vanooneka pavhoti imwe cheteyo, uye vaviri vanogamuchira mavhoti akawandisa(*) pasina kuwanda kwebato. California neWashington vanoshandisa gadziriro ino nokuda kwehurumende nehofisi dzehurumende. Yakagadzirirwa kuparira vadaviri vane mwero zvikuru nemhaka yokuti mucumbans angatarisana nedenho dzavose dzinobva mukati mebato ravo vamene. Zvisinei, inogonawo kutungamirira kuwirirano dzesarudzo pakati pevadaviri vebato rimwe chetero, zvikurukuru mumaruwa makurusarira.

Kumhanya Mukutanga

Apo pasina muvhoti anowana voruzhinji (inopfuura 50% yevhoti) muvhoti huru, dzimwe nyika dzinoita kuti dzimhanye pakuvamba pakati pezviitiso zviviri zvapamusoro. Ikoku kunozivikanwa navose mu South States [[FLT]], kubatanidza [[FLT:]] Georgia, Missippia, naTexas[FL:5]. Runoffis anovimbisa kuti kana muuyo une tsigiro yakafara mukati , asi ivo vanotambanurirawo mwaka wekuvhotera uye kazhinji kazhinji vanotambura kubva mukuvhotera kwakaderera.

Haisi Imwe Nguva Yokutanga

Sarudzo dzomunzvimbomo namahofisi enyika mashoma zvinoshandisa Primisants, umo vada kubhapatidzwa vasingaonekwi nechiratidzo chepati pabhoti. Vadaviri vose vanomhanya muchinhu chimwe, uye vakuru vakuru (zvinowanzova zviviri) vafambira mberi kurusarudzo rwavose. Iyi tsika inozivikanwa navose nokuda kwesarudzo, mapoka eboka rezvikoro, uye mahofisi emaninisi munyika dzakawanda.

Mitemo yePrime Festerry inodzorwa neHurumende uye Zvikwata Zvemo

Priestiment primetics anoshanda mumitemo yakasiana- siyana kupfuura mitemo yenyika nenzvimbo dzomunzvimbomo nemhaka yokuti zvinodyira mukokorodzano yenyika yebato. Mumaprimpmary, vavhoti havasati vachisarudza zvakananga mudariro asi panzvimbo pezvo vari kusarudza nhume dzakavimbiswa kumunhu chaiye. Nhamba yenhume dzinopiwa kumunhu mumwe nomumwe inodzorwa nemitemo yehurumende imwe neimwe, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe dzinoshandisa kukunda kwose, dzimwe dzinoshandisa mugove unogoverwa nemwe. Masangano anewo chisarudzo chokuva ne [[FLT: 0] uclus [[FLT: 1] panzvimbo peyaanig, kunyange zvazvo zvitsaruso zvagara zviripo mumakore achangobva kupfuura. Muboka rechikauccus, muboka rinobatanidza vanhu uye vanowanzovhotambira.

Hurumende nenzvimbo dzinotongwa, mukupesana, dzinosarudza zvakananga mubato nokuda kwebasa rakati. Mukundi wechikuru anova mubati webato muvhoti. Iyi starminder inodzorwa nomutemo wehurumende uye inodzorwa navakuru vakuru vesarudzo vomunzvimbomo. Ivo vanowanzotevera rudzi rumwe cheterwo (rwavanzwa, rwakazaruka, rwapamusoro-viri) runoshandiswa nokuda kwemaprigrim ehurumende iyoyo, kunyange zvazvo dzimwe nyika dzichichengeta mitemo yakasiana nokuda kwapurezidhendi.

Chikonzero Nei Kusarudza Zvinhu Zvokutanga Kuchikosha

Sarudzo huru dzinoshandisa pesvedzero huru pamusoro pomugariro wokupedzisira wesarudzo. Mumaruwa akawanda, chikuru chikuru inharo huru nemhaka yokuti mutungamiriri webato anokandwa anovimbiswa kuhwina sarudzo yavose. Mu maruwa ane chikamu chimwe [, sarudzo huru ndeimo apo chisarudzo chaichoicho chinoitika, uye muvhoti anosvetuka mukuru angawana asina kutaura zvakawanda muna vanozvimirira.

Mari inotapurawo dzikamo ye [[FLT: 0] yemasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika. Nemhaka yokuti vavhoti vakuru vanowanzova vakanyanyisa zvikuru mundangariro kupfuura vavhoti vavose (vanowanzova vakapinzwa, vanotora, uye sezvingabvira zvikuru kutusa vanoda kumira zvakasimba [[FLT:] maparime anogona kusunda vadaviri kubuda kuruboshwe kana kuti kurudyi kuti vawine. Chinoitika ichi, chinonzi translatection translation [,], chakafundwa zvikuru namasayendisiti ezvamatongerwe enyika. Kamwe musarudzo, vapane vapane vatsvaki vamwe chetevo vanowanzova vakwidza kukwidza kukuva vateereri vakafara, kuparira mumukana mukuru mukuru.

Kupfuurirazve, kusarudza kukuru kunobatira se chisaini kuvapi nezvinobudisa nhau pamusoro pekushanda kwomubhadhari. Basa guru rinogona kuita simba rokuwedzera simba, ngwariro yenhau, uye tsiuro, nepo kuratidzira kusingaregi kugona kugumisa nhimbe pakuvamba. Vabati vebasa, denho huru inogona kuvamanikidzira kushandisa mari nedzimbahwe rezvamatongerwe enyika kudzivirira chinyorwa chavo, kuvanetesa nokuda kwechisarudzo chose chose.

Maidi Anokosha Mashoko Ari Ose Anofanira Kuzivikanwa

Cherechedza Manyorero Aunoita Mari

Nhano yokutanga kutora rutivi muchinhu chikuru ndeyokuvimbisa kuti wakanyoreswa kuvhota uye kuti kunyoresa kwako kunoratidzira kubatanidzwa kwako kwakarurama kwebato (kana nyika yako ichida kunyoresa kumwe. Nyika zhinji dzakatamira kuvhota paIndaneti, asi miganhu inosiana. Dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chetero pazuva rokutanga, nepo dzimwe dzichida vhiki dzokunyoresa pamberi. National Conference of State Legislatures (NCSL) inochengeta karenda yemisi mikuru yevhotaidzo nemiraudzo.

Ziva Rudzi Rwokutanga Rwehurumende Yako

Sezvakurukurwa pamusoro apa, rudzi rwechikuru munyika yako rwunosarudza kuti ibasa ripi raunogona kugamuchira. Kana uchigara mumugariro wokutanga wakavharwa, unofanira kunyoreswa nebato kuti uvhote. Kana uri muvhoti akazvimirira kana kuti asina kuvhota munyika yokutanga, unogona kusarudza kuti idi rebato rokutora mu(* asi ungavhota muimwe. Panzvimbo huru, unogona kuvhota nokuda kwomumwe munhu, pasinei zvapo nebato. FEDALFFFORERAM (FC) inopa nhungamiro yokutora rutivi rukuru nechataudzo yechikamu .

Nzwisisa Kupa Nzvimbo Dzinotamiswa (Matsotsi Anokosha)

Kana uri kuvhota muboka guru rapurezidhendi, vhoti yako ichabetsera kusarudza kuti nhume dzinogoverwa sei kuvadaviri. Zvibvumirano zvinogadza mitemo yavo vamene yokusarudza nhume, iyo inogona kubatanidza zvikumbaridzo zvokugamuchira nhume (mutoo, muvhoti anofanira kuwina 15% yevhoti kuti awane nhume dzipi nedzipi). Iyi mitemo inogarooma, asi kuziva kuti inokubatsira kunzwisisa simba revhoti yako. project yeAmerica yeTemplegist inogovera mashoko enhau pamusoro pemitemo inodzorwa .

Ziva Kukurumidza Kupa uye Kurega Zvimwe Zvaunosarudza

Mitemo yakawanda inogovera muvhota yapakuvamba kana kuti mabhora okusauya kwetsamba nokuda kwemapringiting. Kumbira kuti urege kurovha kwako nokukurumidza sezvinobvira, sezvo nguva dzokugadzirira dzinogona kutora mavhiki. Dzimwe nyika dzinoda chikonzero chokuvhota (zvakadai sokubva munyika pazuva resarudzo), nepo dzimwe dzichipa zvisarudzo zvehurumende yako panzvimbo yako inovhota kana kuti U.S. Ecostation Commission yezviwanikwa zvevotation .

Nzvera Zvikamu nenhau Dzacho

Sarudzo huru dzinowanzobatanidza vakawanda vanovhota vane masangano akafanana asi nzvimbo dzemiitiro dzakasiyana. Zvinobudisa nhau zvomunzvimbomo, zvinotungamirira zvokuvhota zvisiri zvechechi, uye mawebsite avada kutora zvinhu zvakanaka. Nemhaka yokuti kuvhota kukuru kwakaderera zvikuru kupfuura kuvhotawo zvako, (kazhinji 15-25% kwevota dzose dzinova dzinoshanda zvikuru). Mabhoti mashomanene anogona kusarudza zita guru, zvikurukuru mumadzinza omunzvimbomo. Usavimba nokuzivikanwa nezita roga; chera mumarekodhi, tsinhiro, uye kutaura kwakarefu.

Ngano Dzinozivikanwa Nezvavanosarudza Pakutanga

[[FLT: 0] Myth: “Kuvhota kwangu hakuna basa nemhaka yokuti sarudzo yavose ndiyo inoparira.”
Mumaruwa akawanda, nzvimbo huru [ ndi sarudzo. Kana kusarudzo yavose isingakwikwikwidzi, huru ingava mukana bedzi wokupesvedzera avo vane nzvimbo. Kunyange mumakwikwikwi, miuyo mikuru inoparira kuva nzvimbo dzemiitiro dzezvisarudzo.

[[FLT: 0] Myth: “Ndinogona kuvhota mumativi ose ari maviri apakuvamba kana ndazvimirira.”
Mumaruwa makuru, unogona kusarudza kuti ipi yokutanga yokuvhota, asi haugoni kuvhota muzvose. Munyika dzakavharwa, vavhoti vepose havagoni kuvhota vose kutoti vanyorese nebato. Pamusoro-pamba pemapuraneti anobvumira kuti uvhotera munhu upi noupi, asi unongowanazve vhoti imwe chete pahofisi imwe chete.

[[FLT: 0] Myth: “Ubhadhari inhengo dzebato bedzi.[FLT]]
Kunyange zvazvo maprimmetics akavharwa achiganhurira kutora rutivi kumitezo yebato, nyika zhinji dzine gadziriro dzakavhurika kana kuti dzakajeka dzinobvumira vavhoti vasina kubatana kutora rutivi kutora rutivi. Kunyange mumamiitiro akavharwa, unogona kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kuchinja kunyoresa kwako pamberi penhambo yahw.

[[FLT: 0] Myth: “Mukundi mukuru anozviwanira tsigiro yose yebato.
Pashure pechinhu chikuru chinoshatiswa, vatsigiri vanorasikirwa vangasakurumidza kutsigira muwiridziri. Nhamburiko dzeboka dzinozivikanwa navose, asi hadzingoerekani.

Nzira Yokushandisa Nayo Mubato Wako Wokutanga

Kutora rutivi musarudzo yokutanga ndichimwe chezviito zvinotapura zvikurusa muvhoti anogona kuita, nemhaka yokuti vavhoti vakuru vanowanzova vanozvisarudza voga vashoma. Apo unobuda, inzwi rako rinokudziridzwa. Hedzino nhano dzinoshanda kuva nechokwadi chokuti wagadzirira:

Nguva Yemberi Yezvisarudzo Zvokutanga

Gadziriro dzokusarudza huru dzinopfuurira kushanduka. Mitemo mizhinji yave ichiitirana nharo misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi kubva pazakati kuenda kuzarurira kana kuti kugamuchira gadziriro dzokuvhota dzapamusoro-dziviri kana kuti dzamatsoroma. Rankhed coicevv (RCV) iri kuwana kutsinhaniswa sechinjo kutsika dzegamuchidzanwa; muRCV, vavhoosendi murumbiso rumwe, uye muwini anofanira kuva netsigiro huru. Maine naAlaska vanoshandisa RCV nokuda kwedzimwe nzvimbo dzehurumende, uye dzimwe nyika dziri kukurangarira. Vatsigiridzi voruwa vanotaura kuti RCV vanokurudzira zvirongwa zvevagari vemo zvakawanda uye vanoderedza kudikanwa kwokuvhota, nepoda kugona kuvhiringidza vhota uye kubvisa vasingateshi vose vanotora.

Pasinei zvapo nechimiro, donzo guru resarudzo rinoramba riri renguva dzose: iwo mutoo uyo nzvimbo ((uye, kupfurikidza nokuwedzera, sarudza) vatungamiriri vachakwikwidzana nokuda kwebasa ravose. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa kuti basa rezvigaro, vavhoti vanogona sei kushandisa zvakazara kodzero dzavo ndokubetsera kuumba nzvimbo yezvamatongerwe enyika pamwero uri wose.