Varangari Chii uye Nei Vachikosha?

Apo vavhoti vanokandira mavhota avo nokuda kwapurezidhendi nomutevedzeri wapurezidhendi, ivo chaizvoizvo vavhotera chitupa chavavhoti avo vakavimbisa kutsigira vada kubhapatidzwa. Kunzwisisa kuti vavhoti vanosarudzwa sei uye kuti vavhota sei vanokosha nokuda kwomuvhoti upi noupi anoda kutora zvizere mumuitiro wedemocracy uye kuvimbisa kuti inzwi ravo rinonzwiwa.

Vanhu chaivo vane mitoro chaiyo, misengwa yepamutemo, uye basa rakajeka musarudzo yapurezidhendi. Nyaya ino inoputsa basa rose, kubva pakusarudza kusvika pakuvhota, saka unogona kusvika Zuva Rokusarudza nechivimbo uye zvakajeka.

Matsananguro Anoitwa Varavi

Muitiro wokusarudza vasarudzi unosiana nehurumende, asi unotevera gadziriro yose inodzorwa nemitemo yehurumende nemitemo yebato rezvamatongerwe enyika.Kunzwisisa uyu muitiro kunobetsera vavhoti kuziva batano yakananga pakati pomuvhoti wavo navavhoti vachaamirira.

Kusarudzwa Nemapati Ezvamatongerwe Enyika

Mutoo wavose zvikurusa wokusarudza vasarudzi uri kupfurikidza nebato rezvamatongerwe enyika. Mukati mechirimo nezhizha zvamakore esarudzo, masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika ehurumende anoita kokorodzano, misangano yamadare, kana kuti mimwe miitiro yomukati kuvanhu kuti vabatire savasarudzi. Ava vanhu zvikurukuru mitezo yenguva refu yebato, vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vebato, kana kuti vatungamiriri venzanga vakaratidzira ruvimbiko kubato nomutsigiri waro.

Madate anogamuchira mavhoti kana kuti anonyoreswa nemutungamiriri webato. Vavhota ipapo pabhiridhi ravavhoti vakaenzana nenhamba yavavhoti vevhoti dzinosarudzwa nehurumende. Somuenzaniso, kana hurumende ine mavhoti 20 avhoti, mubato mukuru mumwe nomumwe unotora 20 vavhoti. Vawi vahwinwi vacho pakupedzisira vanovhota vvhoti dzehurumende.

Mupimo Wechisarudzo Nezvikwaniriso

Nepo kune zvinodikanwa zvishomanene zvomubatanidzwa zvokubatira somuvhoti, Bumbiro reMitemo nomutemo wehurumende zvinoisa ganhuriro dzakati.Chikamu II, Chikamu 1, Claus 2 chinotaura kuti hakuna mumiriri, mumiriri, kana kuti munhu ane nzvimbo yechivimbo kana kuti mhindu pasi peUnited States anogona kubatira somusaruri. Ichi chirambidzo chinovimbisa kuti vavhoti havasi mitezo yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende ingava nerwisano yefariro.

Mitemo yehurumende inowedzera mibatanidzwa. Nyika dzakawanda dzinoda vavhoti kuti vave vavhoti vapamutemo navagari vehurumende. Dzimwe nyika hadzina kukodzera vanhu vakawanirwa mhaka dzemhosva dzakati kana kuti vane mahofisi ehurumende akati. Mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika anowanzoisa mupimo wavo vamene, wakadai sourefu huduku hwemitezo yebato kana kuti chinodikanwa kusaina vimbiso kutsigira mutsigiri webato.

Basa Remitemo Yenyika

Nyika imwe neimwe ine chiremera chebumbiro remitemo chokusarudza kuti vavhoti vayo vanosarudzwa sei. Ikoku kwakatungamirira kukusiyana kukuru munyika yose. Dzimwe nyika dzinoita sarudzo huru kuti dzisarudze vavhoti, nepo dzimwe dzinoshandisa coucuuses kana kuti kokorodzano dzemapati. Nyika shomanene dzinoronga vavhoti zvakananga pabhorati, dzichibvumira vavhoti kuona mazita avanhu vavanenge vachivhotera. Zvisinei, mumaruwa akawanda, mubhoroti inongoratidzira bedzi mazita apurezidhendi navakuru vakuru vakuru, navasarutsi vakarongwa muzvinyorwa zvakaisvonaka kana kuti kwete vose.

Republican and Democratic masangano rimwe nerimwe rinopa ndaza yavo yavasaruri vakuru vehurumende, kazhinji kazhinji munyori wehurumende, kupfurikidza nenhambo yapamutemo. Hurumende i ipapo inoisa chitupa chinohwina chakavakirwa pamiuyo yakakurumbira yevhoti.

Chiverengero Chavazivisi Vamaruwa

Nhamba yavavhoti vanogamuchira nyika imwe neimwe inosarudzwa nemhesano yayo yose muCongress: chitsama chaUnited States Senators (nguva dzose vaviri) pamwe chete navamiriri vayo veUnited States (zvinosiana zvakavakirwa pachiverengero chavagari vemo). Ikoku kunoreva kuti nyika iri yose inogamuchira inenge mivhoti mitatu yevhoti, iyo iri mwero muduku nokuda kwehurumende dzine vanhu vaduku zvikuru vakadai seWyoming, Alaska, uye Vermont.

Kuda Kuratidzwa Kwakavakirwa Pamifananidzo Yemisangano

Kugoverwa kwezvigaro zveimba kunoverengwazve makore gumi oga oga pashure pekuverengwa kwenyika. Sezvo kuchinja kwechiverengero chavagari vemo kunoitika, nyika dzingawana kana kuti kurasikirwa namavhoti akasarudzwa. Somuenzaniso, pashure pokuverengwa kwavanhu kwa2020, Texas yakawana vhoti mbiri apo California neNew York imwe neimwe yakarasika. Kuchinja uku kunoratidza kuti vanhu vanofamba uye kunoita kuti Electoral College ichinjire kutsika dzevagari vemo.

California zvino ine mavhoti akasarudzwa zvikurusa ane 54, nepo nyika duku dzinoverengeka dzine mwero mudukusa wemitatu. Hwerengedzo yavavhoti mumativi ose enyika uye Ruwa rweColumbia i 538, inomirira mitezo 435 yeImba, 100 Sanator, uye vavhoti 3 veWashington, D.C.

Ruwa rweColumbia Rwakasiiwa

District yeColumbia haisi nyika, asi inogamuchira vhoti nhatu dzinovhota pasi pe 23d Amendment kuBumbiro reMitemo, iyo yakatenderwa muna 1961. Ikoku kunopa D.C. vagari vemo maruramiro okuvhota musarudzo yapurezidhendi, kunyange zvazvo ruwa rwacho rusina ratidziro rwokuvhota muCongress. Nhamba yavavhoti veD.C. yakaenzana nenhamba yavavhotanisi nyika nechiverengero chavagari vemo vadukusaichagamuchira, iyo iri mitatu.

Maro anoita Vadzidzisi Midziyo Yavo

Kana kusarudzwa kwavose kwangoitwa uye migumisiro yakakurumbira yevhoti yapupurirwa, vavhoti vanobva mutsamba yebato rinohwina vanodanwa kuti vasangane ndokuita vhoti dzavo nenzira yakarongwa. Muitiro uyu unosanorongwa kuva nechokwadi chokujeka nokutevedzerwa kwapamutemo.

Kusangana Kwavarangari

Mutemo wehurumende unoda vavhoti kuti vasangane paMuvhuro wokutanga pashure peChitatu chechipiri mu December pashure pesarudzo. Muna 2024, uyu musi ndiDecember 17. Vavhoti vanoungana mudzimbahwe ravo rehurumende rakasiana, zvikurukuru pachivako chehurumende kana kuti muimwe nzvimbo yakagadzwa yehurumende. Vanoungana panguva yakagadzwa ndokutevera muitiro wakananga wakagadzwa nomutemo wehurumende.

Musangano wacho ibhuku rinongofanira kuteererwa. Vatengi vanokanda mapepa akaparadzana apurezidhendi nemutevedzeri wapurezidhendi. Vanoisa chisimbiso chevhoti, inozivikanwa seTsande reVote, iro riri rutivi rwegwaro guru rinonzi Gwaro reTsigir of Ascorectment. Ichi chinobatanidza mazita avavhoti, vhoti vakaisirwa, uye sigi dzevavhoti nevakuru vakuru vehurumende vasarudzo.

Chitupa Chokugadzira Zvinhu

Pashure pokunge vavhoti vavhota, hurumende inobudisa makopi apakuvamba akawanda eTsata yeVote.

  • Imwe kopi inoenda kuMutungamiriri weDare (Mutungamiriri weHurumende yeUnited States).
  • Makopi maviri anoenda kuMugadziri wezvinhu weUnited States.
  • Kopi imwe inoenda kumunyori wehurumende.
  • Kopi imwe inoenda kumutongi mukuru wedare reruwa rehurumende uko vavhoti vaisangana.

Idzi ndidzo magwaro epamutemo evhoti inovhota uye anoshandiswa mukati momusangano weCongress kuti averenge mavhoti acho.

Kuverenga Mitambo Mudare

Nhano yokupedzisira mumuitiro wokusarudza inoitika pana January 6 pashure pesarudzo, apo Congress inoungana murusando rwakabatana kuti vaverenge vhoti dzinosarudzwa. Mutongi weSanihe, munzvimbo yavo saPurezidhendi weDare, anotungamirira pakuverengwa. matare acho anovhurwa munhevedzano yemabhii nehurumende, uye mavhoti anoziviswa navapinduri vakasarudzwa vanobva muzvose zviri zviviri Imba neDare.

Kana muvhoti mukuru akagamuchira mavhoti akawanda, anenge 270 mu58, anoziviswa kuva mukundi. Kana pasina mutsigiri anosvika pachikumbaridzo chikuru, sarudzo inosarudzwa neImba yaVamiririri, nenhume imwe neimwe yehurumende ichivhota. Ichi chinoitika chakaitika kaviri bedzi munhau yeAmerica, misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi zvikurusa muna 1824.

Muwine Anotora Zvose.

Voruzhinjisa vehurumende vanoshandisa gadziriro inokunda inotora zvose nokuda kwamavhoti akasarudzwa. Mutsika ino, mudaviri anowana vhoti yakakurumbira munyika anogamuchira mavhoti ose akasarudzwa nehurumende iyoyo. Ikoku kunoreva kuti kunyange rukundo rwakaganhurirwa rwa 51% kusvikira ku 49% miuyo mu100% yavavhoti vevhoti vanoenda kumuwinwi.

Zvikwangwani zvinotakura zvose

Nyika dzina makumi mana navasere neRuwa rweColumbia zvinoshandisa mutoo unokunda-zvose. Iyi tsika inowanzokudza ukoshi hwenyika dzinochinja, uko muuyo usingavi nechokwadi, uye inogona kutungamirira kumigariro umo mukwikwikwidzi anowana vhoti yakakurumbira murudzi asi anorasikirwa nevhoti yakasarudzwa, seyakaitika muna 2000 na2016. Muwinzveri-rose tsika anodzorwa nomutemo wehurumende, uye hapana chinodikanwa chehurumende chokuishandisa.

Mutoo Woruwa weNebraska

Maine naNebraska ndiwo chete magariro maviri anoshandisa nzira yokugovera migove yakatarwa, inowanzonzi mutoo woruwa. Muidzi nyika, mavhoti maviri avhota anopiwa kumukundi akakurumbira munyika yose, uye vhoti imwe inovhota inopiwa mukundi wevhoti yakakurumbira muruwa rumwe norumwe. Ikoku kunoreva kuti vhoti yevhoti inogona kupatsanurwa pakati pavadai, inoratidzira kuparadzirwa kwakajeka zvikuru kwezvinodiwa nevota mukati nharaunda.

Somuenzaniso, muna 2020, Nebraska akapa zvina zvezvivhoti zvayo zvishanu zvokuvhota kuna Donald Trump uye mumwe kuna Joe Biden, uyo akawina ruwa rwehurumende rwechi 2 hoterano. Nenzira yakafanana, Maine akaona mavhoti akasarudzwa musarudzo dzinoverengeka dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi. Iyi tsika inogovera muenzaniso usingawanzowaniki wokumirira mukati meElectoral College.

Varangari Vasina Kutenda Nemiuyo Yapamutemo

Vavhoti vasina kutenda vasarudzi vanovhotera muvhoti kunze kwomumwe wavanopikirwa kwaari. Nepo shoko rokuti "vasingatendi" richikarakadza kutengeswa kwechivimbo, mugariro wapamutemo wavavhoti vakadaro wakaoma uye wave uri nhau yechisarudzo cheDare Gurusa remisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi.

Mienzaniso Yenhau

Vavhoti vasina kutenda vakaoneka musarudzo yapurezidhendi munhau yose yeAmerica, kunyange zvazvo vasina kutongochinja muuyo wesarudzo. Muna 2016, vavhoti vanomwe nokuda kwavamwe vadaviri kunze kwaavo vakapikirwa kutsigira, nhamba yakakwirira zvikurusa muzana ramakore. Hurumende ina Washington vavhoti uye mumwe muvhoti weMinnesota akavimbisa kuna Hillary Clinton kuti avhote vamwe vada kutora, nepo vavhotera veTexas vaviri vakavimbisa kuDonald Trump kuvhota nokuda kwavamwe vadai.

Mimwe mienzaniso inokosha inobatanidza muvhoti weWest Virginia muna 1988 uyo akavhotera Lloyd Bentsen panzvimbo paMichael Dukakis, uye muvhoti wePennsylvania muna 1968 uyo akavhotera George Wallace panzvimbo paRichard Nixon.

Mitemo yeHurumende Nemitemo Yedare Rapamusoro Zvikurusa

Mitemo yakawanda inoda vavhoti kuti vavhotere muvhoti avo vakapikirwa. Iyi mitemo inosiana muzvirango zvavo, kuvambira pafaindi kusvikira kubviswa munzvimbo. Dzimwe nyika dzinobvumira Hurumende kudzima vhoti yomuvhoti asina kutenda ndokuitsiva nomuvhoti mumwe achavhota zvakarurama.

Muna 2020, Dare Gurusa rakapa chisarudzo chechiratidzo mumhaka Chiafalo v. Washington uye Colado Dhipatimendi reHurumende v. Dare rakapa chisarudzo chepamutemo. Dare rakabvumirana kuti hurumende dzine chiremera chemitemo chokuita kuti zvipikirwa zviitwe ndokubvisa kana kuti kuranga vasaruri vasina kutenda. Chisarudzo ichi chakasimbisa kuti nyika dzinogona kuda vavhoti kuti vasaruki vate migumisiro yakakurumbira munyika yavo, vachigumisa nenzira inobudirira chibvumikiso chipi nechipi chepamutemo nokuda kwokuzvimirira.

Izvo Vazivi Vanofanira Kuziva

Somuvhoti, kunzwisisa muitiro womuvhoti kunokubetsera kuona mufananidzo wakazara wokuti vhoti yako inoshandura sei miuyo yapurezidhendi wesarudzo. Kurangarira kunoverengeka kunoshanda kunogona kukubetsera kutora rutivi nenzira inobudirira zvikuru.

Kunzwisisa Bharati Rako

Apo unosarudza purezidhendi, unovhota nenzira yetsika nokuda kwechidhina chavavhoti. Mudzimwe nyika, mazita avavhoti anooneka pavhoti parutivi pamazita avasaruri vamapurezidhendi navatevedzeri vapurezidhendi. Mudzimwe nyika, mazita avada kuzoda kusarudzwa anongooneka bedzi, netsamba inoratidzira kuti vhoti yavavhoti vavo.

Kana uchigara muMaine kana kuti Nebraska, vhoti yako inosarudzawo muuyo muruwa rwako rwomusangano, uko kunogona kuguma namavhoti akasarudzwa akakamuraniswa. Kunzwisisa uyu musiano kunokosha nokuda kwavavhoti munyika idzodzo.

Kutsvaka Nzvimbo Dzakanyorwa uye Dzinodzidziswa

Pamberi poMusi wokusarudza, simbisa kuti kunyoresa kwako kwava kwazvino uye kwakarurama. Shanyira website yesarudzo yenyika yako kana kuti shandisa maturusi akafanana ne USA. gov's revhota mapeji okunyoresa [ kuti uongorore mugariro wako. Ona nzvimbo yako yokuvhota nemaawa ayo okushanda. Kana ukaronga kuvhota neposi, kumbira bhora rako zvakanaka mberi uye tevera mirayiridzo yose, kubatanidza zvinodikanwa zvokusaina.

Nyika dzakawanda dzinopa vanhu mukana wokuvhota nokukurumidza, izvo zvinogona kubatsira kudzivisa mitsetse mirefu paZuva Rokusarudza.

Kukosha Kwechinofarirwa Nevakawanda

Nepo Electoral College ichisarudza pakupedzisira kuva sachigaro, vhoti yakakurumbira munyika imwe neimwe inosarudza kuti itsoropodzii inosarudzwa. Ikoku kunoreva kuti vhoti iri yose munhau dzose dzehurumende, zvikurukuru muzvinhu apo mucheto uri pedyo. Kunyange kana uchigara muhurumende inovhotera nguva dzose nokuda kwebato rimwe, kutora kwako kunopesvedzera nzvimbo yose yezvamatongerwe enyika uye kunotumira shoko pamusoro pezvinodiwa nevoruzhinji.

Mwero yezvivhoti inosiana zvikuru negore rehurumende nesarudzo. Sarudzo yapresidente 2020 yakaona bhadharo rakakwirira zvikurusa muinopfuura zana ramakore, ine inenge 66% yavavhoti vanorongeka vachibudisa mavhoti. Nhamburiko dzokuwedzera kutora rutivi runopfuurira, uye kunzwisisa muitiro wavavhoti rutivi runokosha rwokuva mugari akaziviswa.

Mirangariro Inozivikanwa Navose Pamusoro Pevaravi

Kuzivisa izvi kunogona kubatsira vavhoti kunzwisisa tsika zviri nani.

  • [[FLT: 0] Kufunga: Vazivisi vagadziri vechisarudzo vakazvimirira vanogona kuvhotera munhu upi noupi. Chaizvoizvo, Dare Rapamusoro zvikurusa rakasimbisa kuti matare anogona kuda vavhoti kuti vatevere vvungeti yakakurumbira. Vavhoti vasina kutenda havawanzowaniki uye vanogona kurangwa.
  • Misclect: Electoral College inzvimbo chaiyo. Shoko rokuti "college" rinoreva boka ravanhu, kwete chivako. Vareversi vanosangana munyika dzavo dzakatsaukana, uye hakuna pakati peElectoral College.
  • Miscception: Kuwina vhoti yakakurumbira inovimbisa purezidhendi. Nepo vhoti yakakurumbira ichikosha, vhoti inosarudza inotema mukundi. Mapurezidhendi maviri mumakore 25 apfuura akawina purezidhendi pasina kuwina vhoti yakakurumbira.
  • [[FLT: 0] Miscrect: Vadzidzi havazivikanwi kana kuti havazivi. Nyika zhinji dzinobudisa mazita avasaruri pamberi pesarudzo. Vanowanzova vatungamiriri vebato, vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa, kana kuti vatsigiri venzanga vanozivikanwa pachena munyika dzavo.

Matanho Anoshanda Kuvaridzi Vemari

Kuti uve nechokwadi chokuti vhoti yako ine simba raunovavarira, tevera matanho aya anoshanda:

  1. Shingisa mugariro wako wokuvhota anenge mazuva 30 pamberi pesarudzo. Shandisa USA. chiteshi chokunyoresa [ kusimbisa mugariro wako.
  2. Kurangarira shoo yehurumende yako[[FT:1] pamberi poMusi weSarudzo. Nyika zhinji dzinogovera mavhoti akaenzana paIndaneti, kuchikubvumira kunzvera vapamberi napamberi penhau.
  3. Ziva mitemo yokuvhota yehurumende yako, kubatanidza zvinodikanwa zvemuvhoti, miganhu yenguva yaanorovha, uye zvisarudzo zvokuvhota kwokukurumidza.
  4. [[FT:0] Kuvamba nokukurumidza kana kuchibvira kudzivisa mitsetse mirefu nenhau dzinobvira dzokupedzisira.
  5. Ramba roti yako kana uvhota nepositi. Nyika zhinji dzinogovera mabasa okutsvaka kuti ugosimbisa vhoti yako yakagamuchirwa ndokuverengwa.
  6. zvidzidzise umene paElectoral College uye kuti inoshanda sei kuhurumende yako. Kunzwisisa tsika kukubetsera kunzwisisa tapuro yakazara yevhoti yako.

Nokuda kwamashoko ane udzame hwakawanda, [[FLT: 0] National Archives Electoral College peji inogovera zviwanikwa zvakawanda, kubatanidza mashoko enhau nemiitiro yenyika.

Kunzwisisa kuti vavhoti vanosarudzwa sei uye kuti vavhota sei vanokupa simba rokutora zvine revo mumuitiro wevhoti. Vhoti yako inosarudza zvakananga kuti itsoropodzii inomirira nyika yako, uye vavhoti ivavo vane basa rakarondedzerwa iro rinodzorwa zvakanaka nehurumende nehurumende. Nokuramba vachiziva uye vachipinda mugadziriro yacho, unobetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti muitiro wedemokrasi unoramba wakajeka, uchizvidavirira, uye uchigamuchira kuda kwavanhu.