Kunzwisisa Mapepa Asiri Akabatanidzwa Nebasa Rawo Mumuitiro Wemari

Political Action Committee (PACs) ikokusimudzira kuti mari inofamba sei kupfurikidza nokuvhota kweAmerica. Pakati pamarudzi akasiana- siyana ePACs, maPUC ane nzvimbo yakasiana nemhaka yokuti anoshanda nenzira yakasiana nemubati ushe upi noupi, mubato wezvamatongerwe enyika, kana kuti kutsigira sangano rakadai sesangano kana kuti mubatanidzwa wevashandi. Matare anosimudza mari iyi kubva kuvanhu vamwe navamwe uye kushandisa mari iyoyo kutsigira kana kuti kushora vaparidzi, kana kuti mutemo. Federal Ecompucial Active Act (FECA) uye masangano anotevera anoda kuti vasarukidze mishumo inowirirana nePC inowirirana namashoko (Foffal EC) kuvimbisa nayo kuti igovanei mari yavose muzvamatongerwe enyika. Nyaya inonzvera sei kuti vasarutsikidze kupedza nokushandisa mari uye vagari vezvipo, vagari vemo vanofanira kusangana sei namashoko ava kusangana naaya kuti vagoda kuzvidavirira.

Kujeka munhimbe mari yemibato haisati iri chinodikanwa chapamutemo bedzi; iko ibwe rinoparira kuzvidavirira kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. Vakodzeri vanofanirwa kuziva ari kutsigira mashoko ezvamatongerwe enyika uye kuti mari iyoyo inoiswa sei. PAC, iyo inowanzopinda mundyiko dzamandogaro(manyoro, vafambisi veposi, uye dzimwe kurukurirano idzo dzinotsigira nenzira yakajeka nokuda kwokusarudzwa kana kuti kukundwa kwomutendi. Iyi mitemo yakashanduka mumakumi amakore, uye kuinzwisisa inokosha nokuda kwavadzidzi, vatori venhau, uye mugari wemo upi noupi anotsvaka kunzwisisa kushambadza kwezvamatongerwe enyika nepesvedzero.

Ndeapi Mabhuku Asina Kubatanidzwa?

PACI dzisingabatanidzwi dzinorondedzerwa neFEC sematare ezvamatongerwe enyika ayo asina kubatanidzwa nomubhadharo, mubato rezvamatongerwe enyika, kana kuti sangano rakati sesangano kana kuti sangano rokutengeserana. Anoumbwa navanhu vamwe navamwe, mapoka evagari vemo, kana kuti masangano epfungwa kuti aunganidze mari ndokuishandisa pasarudzo dzehurumende. Nemhaka yokuti haana sangano romubereki, vanofanira kuvimba nemipiro yokuzvidira inobva kuvanhu vamwe navamwe uye vanofanira kuwirirana neganhuriro dzemipiro nezvinodikanwa zvokuzivisa izvo zvinoshanda kuvose vePC avo vasina kutenderwa nomurongi.

Mienzaniso yePUCs inobatanidza mapoka epfungwa akadai se-EMILY’S List (inotsigira pro-choice Democratic vakadzi), Club for Growth (iyo inowirirana nevezvemari inowirirana), uye National Rifle Association’s Victory Survice Fund yeSangano rePucial. Iyi PaCs ingazivikanwawo se "Grestership PACS" apo inoumbwa nomutendi wekubatira kana kuti mushandisi kuti atsigire vamwe vadaviriri, asi kunyange avo vanosanozivikanwa kuti havabatanidzwa nenhimbe yehurumende. Chiratidzo chikuru ndei: PACIS zvisingabatanidzwa navanobatanidzwa havagoni kutsinhirana kupedza mari yavo kana kuti vanoshora.

Gadziriro yapamutemo yePUCS yakaumbwa zvikurukuru neFederal Econstruction Campaignt ya 1971 neBipartisan Champaignt Reform Act ya2002, pamwe chete nechisarudzo cheDare Rapamusorosaidzo mu Chinoumba United. FEC [2010] (2010]) iyo, nepo yakanangidzirwa pakushandisa mari yebhizimisi, yakasimbisawo kuti PCs aigona kusimudza mari isina kuganhurirwa yendyiko yendyiko dzemari dzakazvimirira kupfurikidza nenhauro dzakaparadzana. Pasinei zvapo nokukwira kwePUPCs (iyo inogona kugamuchira mipiro isingaganhurirwi yakasiana nemitengo), isina kubatanidzwa yamagamuchidzanwa paPaC inosara pagore rimwe nerimwe kana kuti $5 000 pagore rimwe chete. PaC inozviita kubva pane imwewo paPC.

Zvinodiwa Kushuma: Mutsetse Wokuona Zviri Kumwe

PCs dzisati dzabatanidzwa dzinofanira kunyora mishumo yenguva dzose neFEC iyo inozivisa marisiti avo (kupinzwa), kurasika (kubvisa), zvikwereti, uye kumwe kudyidzana kwemari. FEC inogovera zvimiro zvakati kuti neganhurirwa neganhuriro dzorumano. Kukundikana kunyora panhambo kana kuti zvakarurama zvinogona kuguma nefashoni kana kuti chiito chapamutemo. Pasi apa pane mishumo mikuru iri yose PC inofanira kuva faira.

Kunyoresa Kwokutanga: Kutaura kweSangano

Apo fomu risati rabatanidzwa rinomutsa kana kuti kupedza rinopfuura $6 000 mugore rekarenda, rinofanira kunyoresa neFEC kupfurikidza nokuisa ... Chimiro chesangano ([FC Form 1). Ichi chimiro chinobatanidza zita redare, kero, muchengeti wemari, zvinyorwa, uye sangano rakabatanidzwa kana kuti rakabatana (kana paripi neripi rePACIC iri rinowanzosiiwa risina kunyorwa kana kuti rakanyorwa "None"). dare rinofanirawo kuratidzira kana riri "noconvea" dare raro" uye reta raro, rakadaro setsigiriyo kana kuti vapindiri. Kunyoresa kunofanira kuitwa mukati mamazuva 10 okuyambuka chitsauko chitsauko cha1.

Mishumo YemaJournal (Form 3X)

MaPURO asingabatanidzwi anogamuchira kana kuti kurasa mari mugore rekarenda anofanira kuva nemishumo yapanguva imwe neimwe ichishandisa FEC Mafomu 3X, Mushumo weReligimendi neDurbesement. Iyi mishumo inofukidza nhambo dzemwedzi mitatu dzinoguma pana March 31, June 30, September 30, uye December 31. Mazuva akafanira ndiwo mazuva 15 pashure pomugumo wegore rimwe nerimwe, kunze kwemishumo yegore iri nguva yaJanuary 31. Quer.Ptry inofanira kuita mipiro yose inogamuchirwa kubva kuvanhu vamwe navamwe uye PCs inopfuudza $2006 mugore, zvakanakasase mamiriro ezvinhu ose anoitwa nokuda kwedonzo ripi neripi neripi. Chimiro chinodaro chakarongwa: Puro yakarongwa nokuda kwemarusarusa, maBrungwe nokuda kwemitejiro, uye mamwe maza akarongwa nokuda kwemitengwa.

Mishumo Yezvisarudzo Yapamberi Nepashure

Mumakore esarudzo, maPU asingaiti mabatanidzwa anofanira kugadzira mishumo yokuwedzera kuti avakire nguva pamberi napashure pesarudzo. Mishumo yeSarudzo inopfuurira iri pakati pamazuva 12 pamberi pekusarudzwa uye kufukidza basa kusvikira pazuva rechi20 pamberi pekuvhota. Pest-rusarudzo [[[FLT:]]] iripo mazuva 30 pashure pekuvhota uye kufukidza mubato pashure pekuvhota. Iyi mishumo iri kuwedzera kumishumo yezvizvarwa zvina uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti chitsamanyuko pamusoro pemari nemipiro. Kana kuti paPC inoita kuti ipedzere mari inokwira inokwira $10]

Mishumo Yomugumo Wegore Nemishumo Yemitemo

Mushumo wegore wapera, wakachengetwa pana January 31, unofukidza mubato wose kuvambira pana October 1 kusvikira kuna December 31. Unoshanda sepfupiso yokupedzisira yegore rekarenda. Kana mushumo wokupedzisira usiri wePC uchigumisa mabasa uye usina zvikwereti zvakatanhamara kana kuti mari muruoko, ungaisa mushumo STRINITation Report (Fm 3X nebhokisi rokugumisa rakaongororwa). Uyu mushumo wokupedzisira unofukidza basa rose chifo chemushumo wokupedzisira uye unovhara pamutemo dare neFEC.

48-Hour uye 24-Hours pendisont Expenditures

Apo PCA isina kubatanidzwa inoita ndyiko dzakazvimirira (maawa anotsigira zvakajeka nokuda kwendyiko yakasarudzwa kana kuti kukundwa kwemubhadhari akaziviswa zvakajeka uye haisati yabatanidzwa nemubhadharo upi noupi kana kuti mubato) kuti kuvhozhokera mu $10 000 kana kuti kupfuura mugore rekarenda, inofanira kuisa ziviso [[FLT:] 488] yeawa [kushandisa mari yakazvimirira] imwe neimwe ye $6 000 kana kuti kupfuura. Kana ndyiko dzikaitwa mukati mamazuva 20 erusarudzo, ziziviso dzinofanira kuchengetwa mukati memaawa 24 anenge. Idzi dzinoziviswa nenzira yapachena uye kuva dzinowanika pachena pawebsitendi. Ichi chinodikanwa chakasimbiswa ne [FLT:] United[FFFF][FFF3]]

Kushuma Kunoitwa Mipiro

PC iri yose isina kubatanidzwa inofanira kushuma mipiro yose yainogamuchira. FEC inorondedzera mupiro sechipo chipi nechipi, kuzvinyoresa, chikwereti, nguva mberi, kana kuti kuchengeteswa kwemari kana kuti chinhu chipi nechipi choukoshi chinoitwa nokuda kwedonzo rokupesvedzera sarudzo yehurumende. Mipiro inofanira kuiswa mukuwirirana kana hwerengedzo inobva kumupiro mumwe inopfuura $200 mugore rekarenda. Mipiro miduku inogona kubviswa ndokushumwa sehwerengedzo imwe pasina kuronga mupi mumwe nomumwe, asi dare racho rinofanira kuchengetwazve namarekodhi emipiro yose.

Mipiro Yacho

Nokuda kwomupi mumwe nomumwe anopa anopfuura $200 gore negore, PACI inofanira kuzivisa zvinotevera paShechema A yeFom 3X:

  • [ Zita rakazara [ reaipa.
  • Kero yokutumira (mugwagwa, guta, nyika, uye zipu).
  • Kubhadharwa nomushandirwi womugoveri (akatsvakwa nokuda kwavanhu vanopa mari inopfuura $200; ikoku kunobetsera kuziva manyuko emari nerwisano dzinobvira dzefariro).
  • [[[ITSO] Zuva nechitsama [ chemupiro mumwe nomumwe.
  • [[[FURT:0] Gore reAggreate-date regore kubva kumugoveri iyeye.

Uhu udzame hunosungirwa. FEC inohushandisa kuva nechokwadi chokuti hakuna munhu anopfuura $5 000 pagore ganhuriro yomupiro kuPAC isiri yesokukurukurirana, uye kubetsera kuwana mipiro isiri yapamutemo inobva kunyika dzokumwe kana kuti masangano (inorambidzwa). Basa nomushandirwi zvinokosha zvikurukuru nokuda kwokujeka, sezvo kuchibvumira vanhu kuona kuti maindasitiri api kana kuti mapoka ezviwaniro zviri kutsigira mibato yezvamatongerwe enyika.

Mipiro Yakabatana

Mipiro ye $200 kana kuti miduku kubva kumunhu mumwe mugore rekarenda haifaniri kunyorwa. Panzvimbo pezvo, inoshumwa sebundu papeji pfupi peFomu 3X pasi pe "mipiro" zvisinei, dare rinofanira kuchengeta zvinyorwa zvomukati zvemipiro yose, kunyange zviduku, kana zvichizoongororwa kana kuti kunyunyuta. MaPAC akawanda asingakwikwidzirwi anomutsa mari inokosha kubva kuvapi kubva kupfurikidza nezviteshi zvepa paIndaneti, uye iyi mipiro inooneka bedzi senhamba dzemitengo kutoti mupi wacho anopinda chikumbaridzo cha $200 000.

Mipiro Inobva Kune Mamwe Mapac

PCs isingabatanidzwi ingagamuchirawo mipiro inobva kumamwe matare ePC, kubatanidza ose ari maviri akabatanidzwa neasingabatanidzwa. Mipiro inobva paPAC kuenda pane imwe PAC inofanira kuiswa kana inopfuura $200. Kushuma kwePAC kunofanira kuzivisa zita nekero zvemipiro yePCAC, musi nechitsama, uye kuchinjirwa kwegore kusvikira kuhwerengedzo yegore. Kuendesa kwapaPACIC kwakakurumbira, zvikurukuru pakati pemibatanidzwa yetsika, uye kunofanira kutevera muganhu weFEC (a PAC ingapa $5 000 pagore kumumwe PAC).

Kushuma Kwakaita Mapuce Kushandisa Kwawo Mari

MaPUC asina kubatanidzwa anofanira kushuma vhiringidzo iri yose yaanoita, achishandisa Shedynal B yeForm 3X. Kushatiswa kunobatanidza mipiro kuvadaviri kana kuti mamwe matare, ndyiko dzakazvimirira, ndyiko dzinoshanda, uye kuchinjirwa kune dzimwe PCs. Kurasika kumwe nokumwe kunofanira kurongwa neboka redonzo, uye mugamuchiri anofanira kuzivikanwa kutoti kubvisa kwacho kuri kubhadharwa kwekadhi rechikwereti kana kuti mubhadharo apo mubhadhari wokupedzisira anozivikanwa muzvinyorwa zvomukati.

Mipiro Kumatare Nemamwe

Apo PC isina kubatanidzwa inopa mari zvakananga kudare renhimbe romugamuchiri (rinoganhurirwa ku $5 000 pasarudzo), inofanira kushuma zita romukwikwidzani, hofisi itsvakwa, papati, uye chitsama. Nenzira yakafanana, mipiro kumamwe matare ebato, kana kuti matare ehurumende/dare rinotora nzvimbo inoshumwa nezivikanwo yomugamuchiri. Iyi mipiro yakananga inowanzoshandiswa kuvaka ukama netsigiro sevatsigiri.

Kuzvimirira

MaPAC asina kubatanidzwa kazhinji kazhinji anoita ndyiko dzamagaro azvimirira(madate), maposi, mabhangi efoni, kushambadzira kwamashoko, uye dzimwe kurukurirano idzo dzinotsigira zvakajeka kana kuti kurwisana nomubhadhari. Idzi ndyiko dzinofanira kushumwa zvakaparadzana paShedynal E of Form 3X. Mushumo wacho unofanira kubatanidza:

  • Zita romudaviriri rakatsigira kana kuti kushora.
  • Hofisi yacho yakatsvaka (Imba, Dare, kana kuti Purezidhendi).
  • Musi nechitsama chendyiko.
  • Rondedzero yendyiko (sezvinetso, "ad," "posi," mubato wechikafu).
  • Kana ndyiko dzacho dzakanga dziri dze “kurukurirano yapachena" (brastast, table, satellite, tsikiriro, kana kuti Internet), uye, kana zvakadaro, zita rezvinobudisa nhau nomusi wekurukurirano.

Ndyiko dzinozvimirira dzinofanira kuitwa pasina kubatana kupi nokupi nenhimbe yomutengi. FEC inonzvera nokungwarira iyi mishumo kuva nechokwadi chokuti itevedzerwe. Awa 48 kana kuti awa 24 inodikanwa nokuda kwendyiko huru yakazvimirira pedyo nesarudzo, seyarondedzerwa pakuvamba.

Ndyiko Dzokutarisira Nendyiko Dzokushanda

Pacs dzisingabatanidzwi dzinewo pamusoro: rendi, mibhadharo, mibhadharo yapamutemo, kubhadharisa mari, chikwereti chebhangi, uye migove yehofisi. Idzi dzinoshumwa se "kushandisa ndyiko" paShedynari B. Kubvisa kumwe nokumwe kunofanira kubatanidza zita romubhadhari, donzo (mh., "rent," "pass," "reasting mibato"), uye chitsama. PACS anopedzera zvikuru pakubhadharira mari (tsamba yakananga, zviitiko zvepaindaneti) uye pamibato yokudzosera (mavhokeri negweta avo vanogadzirira mishumo yeFEC).

Dzimwe Mhesva

Mamwe mapoka anobatanidza kuchinjirwa kumamwe matare (maPACI, matare ebato), mari yemipiro, uye zvikwereti. Kukweretesa kunobva kuvanhu kana kuti kumasangano ezvemari kunofanira kushumwa zvose zviri zviviri samarisiti (akagamuchirwa) uye semibhadharo (apo inobhadharwa). FEC inoda kushuma kwakazara kwechikwereti chipi nechipi chakatarwa nedare.

Kuwanika Nenzira Yakajeka uye Kuwanikwa Kwavose

FEC ibasa rokuisa nokushandisa mitemo yemishumo yemari yehurumende, uye rutivi rukuru rweiri kuita kuti mashoko okuzivisa awanike kuvanhu. FEC inochengeta purojekiti yepaIndaneti pa fec.gov/data [ apo munhu upi noupi anogona kutsvakisisa mapepa nezita redare, mutengi, kana kuti mupi. Vashandi vanogona kunzvera makopi emafabheji apakuvamba kana kuti madata okuredhairwa. Website yacho inobatanidza "Maripigname Memo" inobvumira kunzvera neindasitiribhuro, nzvimbo, uye rudzi rwemari inotambirwa.

Masangano echitatu akadai seCentre for Responsive Politics ( Opensets.org) uyewo masangano anoparadza FEC anoshandiswa namamwe mawirirano eshamwari. Anogovera kuputsika kwamaPACI ari kupedza mari, ayo vadaviri vari kugamuchira mipiro, uye maindasitiri anoshingaira zvikurusa. Nokuda kwavadzidzisi navadzidzi, aya maturusi anokosha nokuda kwokudzidzisa pamusoro pemari mune zvamatongerwe enyika, purofiti yemari, kugadziridza, uye basa rokujeka mudemo wedemocrafiki.

Vagari vemo vanogonawo kukumbira makopi emishumo inobva zvakananga kuFEC kana kuti kunyora runhare nyunyuto kana vakanyumwira PACI vakundikana kushuma zvakarurama. Kuchengetwa kwemari kunobatanidza kunzvera uye, apo kunenge kwabvumirwa, faindi kana kuti mari inoreverwa kuBato reRuramisiro. Iyi gadziriro yechekedzo nedzinoganhuriro zvinotsamira pakungwarira ruzhinji − apo vanhu vazhinji vanonzvera iyi mishumo, kwakaoma zvikuru kuti kupunza kushaye kusingacherekerwi.

mhedziso

MaPAC ayo asina kubatanidzwa imotokari dzine simba nokuda kwezvirongwa zvezvamatongerwe enyika, asi pesvedzero yawo inongooneka bedzi semashoko awo. Nomutemo, anofanira kunyora mashoko ane udzame, mishumo yenhambo nenhambo iyo inozivisa manyuko okushandisa kwavo nokushandisa. Kuvambira pakunyoresa kwokutanga kusvikira kumugumo wegore uye kupfuudzira kupfurikidza nokuronga nokuda kwendyiko huru dzakazvimirira, murairo weredhiyo weFEVC unovimbisa kuti voruzhinji vanogona kutevera mari. Vadzidzi, vadzidzi, uye vagari vemo vakaronzevera, kunzwisisa kuti mishumo iyi ibasa rinodenha nokurava nokududzira mashoko ehurumende. Sezvo nhizha inopfuurira kushandura noruzivo rwekugadzirwa kwezvinhu nemitemo, nheyo inoramba iripo: zuva ndiyo irevo yokushandisa.