Kunzwisisa Kuzivikanwa Kwoukama

Kwemakumi emakore, vakaroorana vanotsvaka kuzivikanwa kwapamutemo muukama hwavo hwakasimba vakatarisana nemamiriro ezvinhu akaoma. Nepo roorano ichiri nzira inozivikanwa zvikuru neyakadzivirirwa yokubatana, kubatana kwevagari vemo uye kubatana kwemhuri kwakatanga sezvimwe zvivako zvepamutemo, zvikurukuru munguva apo kuroorana kwezvechinyakare uku kwakanga kusingawaniki munyika yose. Kunyange zvazvo kuenzana kweroorano kwafambira mberi zvikuru mumativi akawanda, aya mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu anoramba aripo uye, mune zvimwe zviitiko, anopa betsero dzakati kana kuti kuramba dziri nzira bedzi nokuda kwevakaroorana vakati. Kunzwisisa misiyano yapamutemo, mari, uye magariro avanhu pakati peizvi zvinhu zvinokosha zvinokosha kuti munhu upi noupi azive ukama, angave nokuda kwezvisarudzo, basa, kana kuti kugarisa.

Nyaya ino inopa kunzverwa kwakakwana kwemibatanidzwa yehurumende neukama hwemhuri, ichiienzanisa namaruramiro eroorano egamuchidzanwa. Inofukidza mashoko akapoteredza enhau, dziviriro dzapamutemo, kuzivikanwa kwehurumende, revo yemitero, maruramiro avabereki, miitiro yokuparadzana, uye zvakawanda. Pamugumo, varavi vanofanira kuva nenzwisiso yakajeka yokuti chimiro chapamutemo chakanakisisa chinowirirana sei nezvinodikanwa zvavo zvakanakisisa uye kuti izvi zvisarudzo zvinosiana sei nehurumende kana kuti nyika.

Nhoroondo Yacho: Nei Kubatana Kwevagari Vomunyika Imwe Chete Nezvikwata Zvemumba Zvakagadzirwa

Kubatana kwevagari vemo uye kubatana kwemhuri hakuna kumuka mukusawirirana kwepamutemo. Zvakawanda zvakakudziridzwa semhinduro yokubviswa kwevakaroorana vezvevatano paroorano. Kutanga mukupera kwezana ramakore rechi20, vashinga uye vaiti vemitemo vakakurudzira nokuda kwokuzivikanwa kwapamutemo nokuda kwoukama hwevatano hwechinetso chimwe chetecho, asi kodzero dzeroorano dzakazara dzakatarisana nechishoro chakasimba chezvamatongerwe enyika nechorudzidziso. Sokubvumirana pane zvisina kufanira, zviremera zvinoverengeka zvakaumba nzvimbo dzakaparadzana dzapamutemo dzakapa vamwe kana kuti zhinjisa dzekodzero dzeroorano pasina kushandisa shoko rokuti “roorano."

Denmark yakava nyika yokutanga kugovera kubatira pamwe kwakanyoreswa (kufanana namasangano avagari vemo) nokuda kwavakwanyina vamwe chetevo vevatano muna 1989. MuUnited States, Vermont akatanga mutemo wokutanga womubatanidzwa wehurumende muna 2000, akatevera nedzimwe nyika. Kubatana kwemhuri, kazhinji kazhinji chimiro chakaganhurirwa zvikuru chokuziva, kwakapinzwa namaguta uye kuverengwa kwapachivako (mhiko, Berkeley, San Francisco) muma 1980 uye gare gare gare kugamuchirwa nedzimwe nyika. Izvi zvinobvumira varoorani kuwana chipatara, kodzero dzenhaka, uye dzimwe nguva betsero dzehurumende, asi vakawana nokupfupikisana kweroorano.

Pashure pechisarudzo cheObergefell nemhedziso muna 2015, icho chinonyoreswa pamutemo muroorano yakafanana yevatano munyika yose yeU.S., nyika dzakawanda dzakachengeta mubatanidzwa wadzo wehurumende nemitemo yehumwe humwe humwe humwe humwe humwe huhumwe. Vamwe vakaroorana vachiri kusarudza izvi nokuda kwezvikonzero zvomunhu oga, zvemari, kana kuti zvepamutemo. Munyika dzakawanda, nyika dzakawanda dzinoramba dzichipa kuroorana kwevagari vemo kana kuti kunyoreswa sechinotsiva, zvimwe nokuda kwevakaroorana vose.

Chii Chiri Chinzwano Chevagari Vemo?

Rondedzero Nemativi Emanyoro

Mubatanidzwa wehurumende mubatanidzwa unozivikanwa zviri pamutemo unoitirwa kugovera zvikurusa, kana kusati kuri kwose, kwamaruramiro nemitoro zveroorano pamwero wehurumende. Kubatanidzwa kwavagari vemo kwakaparadzana zvikuru nokurongwa kweroorano, uko vamwe vanorangarira sokubvumirana pakati pekuenzana kweroorano kwakazara uye kusatongozivikanwa. Kodzero dzakati dzinopiwa dzinosiana nechiremera asi dzinowanzobatanidza nhaka, kuita chisarudzo chezvokurapa, kurera zvinhu, uye betsero dzinopukunyuka.

Mubasa, mubatanidzwa wehurumende unoumbwa kupfurikidza nokunyoresa nechiremera chehurumende (zvikurukuru mabharani weruwa kana kuti munyori wehurumende) uye angabatanidza kana kuti angasabatanidza mutambo. Dzimwe nyika dzinoda kunyoreswa, nepo dzimwe dzichingoda bedzi gwaro rekunyoresa rakasainwa. Kupesana kwomubatanidzwa wehurumende kunotevera muitiro wakafanana nokurambana, kubatanidza kukamukana kwezvinhu netsigiro inobvira yokuwedzera.

Uko Kubatana Kwevagari Vomunyika Imwe Kwava Kuri Nhasi

MuUnited States, nyika dzinoverengeka dzichiri kupa kubatana kwevagari vemo, asi nyika dziri kuchinja. Somuenzaniso, mutemo wehurumende weNew Jersey unoramba uripo, kunyange zvazvo vakaroorana vezvechinyakare vamwe chetevo vachigona kuroorana zvino.Colorado yakatsiva kubatana kwevagari vomunyika neroorano pashure pokunge vaenzana vaitwa asi ichiri kubvumira kubatana kuripo. Illinois, Rhode Island, uye Hawaii kuva nemitemo yemasangano evagari vemo inoramba iri pamabhuku asi yava kushandiswa zvishoma. Munyika dzakawanda, masangano evagari vemo ava anowanika munyika dzakawanda, kusanganisira France (PACS), Germany (kubatana kunonyoreswa kwehurumende, Switzerland, Greece, uye mativi eAustralia. Hurumende imwe neimwe inorondedzera mitemo yekodzero, inoita kuti iongororerwe kuti inzwisiswe mitemo yomunyika imwe neimwe.

Kodzero Dzinowanzobatanidzwa Mubatanidzwa Wevagari Vomunyika Imwe Chete

  • [ Chisarudzo chokugadzira nokushanyira chipatara: vashandi biyavo vanogona kuita zvisarudzo zvokutarisira utano nokuda kwomumwe nomumwe ndokushanyira zvipatara zvine nzvimbo yokutanga yakafanana neyomukwanyina.
  • [ Kodzero dzenzvimbo nekodzero dzenzvimbo: Mukusavapo kwechido, mukwanyina asara anogara nhaka zvinhu nezvinhu, zvakafanana newakwanyina.
  • purofiti pamwero wehurumende: Nyika zhinji dzinobvumira kunyoresa pamwe chete kwemadonzo emari yomutero wehurumende uye kugovera kusiiwa kwomutero wezvinhu nokuda kwavakwanyina vasara.
  • Betsero dzinopukunyuka: betsero dzekuchengeteka kwenzanga (kana kuchishanda) dzingapfuudzira kumukwanyina asara.
  • Kodzero dzoUbereki: Mumativi akawanda, mwana anoberekwa navaroorani mumubatanidzwa wehurumende anozivikanwa pamutemo somwana wavakwanyina vose vari vaviri, kuri nyore zvikuru miitiro yokurera.
  • Kudzivirirwa mukuparadza:[[FLT: 1] Matare anobata kukamukana kwezvinhu, tsigiro, uye kodzero yokuchengeta mwana zvinotevera mitemo yakafanana sechatanuro.

Kodzero Dzinowanzoshayikwa Mumasangano Ehurumende

  • Kuzivikanwa kweFederal (muU.S.): Hurumende yehurumende zvino inoziva roorano dzevatano dzakafanana munyika yose, haizivi mubatanidzwa wavagari vemo nokuda kwamadonzo mazhinjisa. Ikoku kunogona kutapura betsero dzeSocial Security, gadziriro yokubuda, uye ruzha nokuda kwebetsero dzomubatanidzwa.
  • Chisarudzo chekuratidzira mudzimwe nyika: Mubatanidzwa wavagari vemo unopiwa mune imwe nyika ungabatwa seroorano, mubatanidzwa wemhuri, kana kuti pasina chinhu muimwe nyika. Chisarudzo cha 2013 Windsor uye kutonga kwa 2015 Obergefe dest dis dislate divitions kuziva michato imwe cheteyo yezvikero zvechinyakareyive yakaitwa kune dzimwe nyika, asi haina kumanikidza kuti itendere mabatanidzwa evagari vemo anobva kune dzimwe nyika. Dzimwe nyika dzakagadza mitemo yokutendeutsa mibatanidzwa yevagari vemo kubva kune dzimwe nyika kuti ive mibatanidzwa yehurumende kana kuti ipfuure mhuri, asi izvi hazvina kufanana.
  • Betsero dzokupinda: roorano bedzi inogovera nzira kuvhiza yemubatanidzwa kana kuti kadhi regirini kupfurikidza neU.S. Unigshipism Services (USCIS). Masangano avagari vemo haakwanirisi betsero dzemubatanidzwa dzokupinda munyika.
  • kusabvumirwa kweroorano kworudzidziso: Mimwe mitemo yomubatanidzwa wavagari vemo inotaura zvakajeka kuti mubatanidzwa hausi roorano, iyo ingatapura maruramiro ane chokuita nemitambo yorudzidziso, kudimburwa, uye kuramba kwehana mutarisiro youtano.

Chii Chiri Mubatanidzwa Wemhuri?

Tsananguro Nenzvimbo

Kubatana kwemhuri chimiro chinochinjika zvikuru uye kazhinji kazhinji chakaganhurirwa zvikuru chokuziva ukama. Inoshanda zvikurukuru kuvaroorani vanogara pamwe chete ndokugoverana upenyu hwemhuri humwe, asi dziviriro dzapamutemo dzakaganhurirwa kupfuura idzo dzinogoverwa namasangano ehurumende kana kuti roorano. Mitemo yakawanda yevatano yapamusha yakavamba pamwero wemanisipala kana kuti wenyika, ichibvumira vakwanyina vasinganyoresi kunyoreswa kuva nebetsero dzakati, dzakadai seinishuwa youtano nokuda kwomushandirwi uyo anopa chikwereti chakadaro.

Kusiyana nokubatana kwevagari vemo, kunowanzotevedzerwa pamuchato, kubatana kwemhuri kunogona kurongwa sezvibvumirano zvokunyoresa bedzi kana kuti se “zvibvumirano zvakatarwa kuti zvizopiwa mugamuchiri” zvinoronga kodzero dzakati. Dzimwe hurumende dzinobvumira vose vari vaviri vakaroorana vakaenzana uye vanopesana nexsex kunyoresa, asi dzimwe dzinoganhurira kubatana kwemhuri nevakaroorana vane mitezo yakafanana yevatano.

Uko Vakwanyina Vemhuri Vanowanika

MuU.S., kubatana kwemhuri kunopiwa pamwero wehurumende muCalifornia (nokuda kwevakwanyina vomumba vakanyoreswa, zvikurukuru kunokosha nokuda kwevakaroorana vari muroorano vanopfuura 62), Nevada (nokuda kwezvose zviri zviviri 76sex uye vakaroorana vezvikwanyina zvinopesana nesvorenyama), Oregon (sesaxex vane miganhu yakaganhurirwa), uye Washington (nokuda kwevakwanyina vemhuri vakanyoreswa mudzimba). Maguta akawanda, kubatanidza New York City, Minneapolis, uye Denver, anopawo zvirongwa zvemhuri zvemhuri zvemhuri zvenyika imwe chete zvinogovera betsero dzomunzvimbomo. Munyika yose, kubatanidzwa kwemhuri kunooneka munyika dzakadai seNetherlands (ggerregrestrychap), South Africa, uye mativi eUnited States (kushandira pamwe chete neNorthern Ireland zvinozati inyika dzose) zvinova kupararira.

Kodzero Dzinowanzobatanidzwa Muzvikwata Zvemumba

  • [[FLT: 0] Kubhadharwa kweinishuwarenzi yechiHeri: vashandirwi vazhinji vanobvumira vakwanyina vomumba kufukidzwa muutano hwomukwanyina, mazino, uye zvirongwa zvokuona, kunyange zvazvo ikoku kazhinji kazhinji kuine chibvumikiso chokuwirirana kwemari.
  • HOSpital Shading uye zvisarudzo zvokurapa: vakwanyina vomumba kazhinji kazhinji vane maruramiro okushanyira mukwanyina wavo muchipatara ndokuita zvisarudzo zvokurapa kana mukwanyina akaneta, chero bedzi chibvumirano chakanyorwa kana kuti kunyoresa zvichichengetwa.
  • [[FLT: 0] zvivako zvinobviswa nekodzero dzokugara: mimwe mitemo yehurumende yokushandira pamwe inopa kodzero dzokubatana, inodzivirira fariro yomukwanyina mupenyu mumusha mumwe chetewo.
  • Kodzero dzoParents (dzinoganhurirwa): Mune dzimwe nyika, mukwanyina akanyoreswa womumba angakwanisa kurera mwana womukwanyina nenzira iri nyore zvikuru, asi ikoku hakungoerekani kwaitika.

Kodzero Dzinowanzoshayikwa Muzvikepe Zvemhuri

  • [[FLT: 0] Kodzero dzenhaka dzinongozviitikira dzoga: Pasina chido, vakwanyina vomumba kazhinji kazhinji havana maruramiro anongoerekana avapo okugara nhaka kune mumwe wavo, kusafanana nomukwanyina muroorano kana kuti mubatanidzwa wehurumende munyika dzakawanda.
  • Betsero dzoutano pamwero yehurumende nehurumende: Ukama hwakawanda zvikurusa hwomumba hahubvumiri mapepa emitero ehurumende, uye IRS haizivi zviwirirano zvemhuri nokuda kwamadonzo omutero wehurumende. Mushandirwi anopa inishuwarenzi youtano yomubiyake wepamba kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inorangarirwa kuva mari inobhadharwa mutero kumushandi (mari inobhadharwa), nepo kubhadharwa kwomuchato kusingabhadharwi.
  • Mitemo yokudzivirira kubvisa: mitemo yakawanda yeroorano haisati ichigovera muitiro wechatanuro wakarongwa. Kugumisa mubatanidzwa wemhuri, varoorani vangada kunyora matare avagari vemo kuti vagovane zvinhu nokupedza zvikwereti, izvo zvisingadzokerwi zvikuru kupfuura chatanuro.
  • Betsero dzinopukunyuka dzinobva mugadziriro dzehurumende:[[FLT: 1] vapukunyuki veNzvimbo Yechengeteko Yavanhu uye betsero dzenyanzvi hadzitambanudziri kuvakwanyina vomumba.
  • Kutenda kwakazara nechikwereti mumativi ose anoti: Kubatana kwemhuri kwakagadzwa mune imwe nyika kungasazivikanwa neimwe nyika nokuda kwechimwe chinhu kunze kweshanyo dzechipatara. Dzimwe nyika dzinoramba zvakajeka kuziva kubatana kwemhuri kunobva kune dzimwe nyika.

Misiyano Huru Pakati Peroorano, Masangano Avagari Vemo, uye Vakwanyina Vomumba

Kukura Kwekodzero

Musiyano mukuru zvikurusa ndowokuti roorano inogovera maruramiro akafara zvikurusa nemitoro mumitengo yose yehurumende (hurumende, hurumende, uye yamarudzi ose kupfurikidza nezvibvumirano). Mibatanidzwa yavagari vemo inoedza kuratidzira maruramiro eroorano pamwero wehurumende asi kazhinji kazhinji inokundikana mukuzivikanwa nomugariro. Kubatana kwemhuri kunogovera maruramiro akaganhurirwa zvikurusa, anowanzoganhurirwa kubetsero dzakavakirwa panzvimbo inoshandira nedziviriro dzomunzvimbomo.

Kuziva Miganhu

Roorano inofarikanya kuzivikanwa kwapasi pose munyika dzakawanda, kunyange zvazvo kuzivikanwa kwamarudzi ose kuchisiyana. MuUnited States, Hurumende dzinoda kuziva roorano dzinoitwa mune dzimwe nyika. Kubatanidzwa kwavagari vemo uye ushamwari hwemhuri hazvingoerekani zvagamuchira kubatwa kumwe cheteko. Varoorani muNew York vakaroora zviri pamutemo muTexas; vaviri vari mumubatanidzwa wehurumende muVermont vangasava nechimiro chinozivikanwa muLouisiana. Uku kushaikwa kwemichato ipfupi huru nokuda kwavaroorani vangatama, kufamba, kana kuti kushaiwa betsero dzehurumende.

Kurayira Mitero

AspectMarriageCivil UnionDomestic Partnership
Federal tax filingJoint or married filing separatelySingle or head of household (no joint federal return)Single (no joint federal return)
State tax filingJoint in most statesJoint if state allows (varies)Usually separate; California allows joint state return for registered domestic partners
Health insurance tax treatmentTax‑free spousal coverageMay be tax‑free if state mandates; federal tax may applyImputed income for federal tax (employer‑paid premiums are taxable to employee)
Estate tax exemptionUnlimited marital deductionLimited; federal estate tax does not apply to civil unionsNo unlimited deduction

Kodzero Dzomubereki Nokurera Vana

Roorano inogovera pamutemo kuvabereki vanoberekwa navabereki vakaroorana munenge munzvimbo iri yose. Nokuda kwomubatanidzwa wevagari vemo, kuva mubereki kunowanzotangwa zvakafanana, asi kurera mwana asiri wako kuchiri kudikanwa mune dzimwe nyika. Kubatana kwemhuri kunopa kuzivikanwa kuduku kunoitwa navabereki kusingashandisiwi; muzvinoitika zvakawanda, mukwanyina wezvizvarwa zvisiri zvama 366 anofanira kupfurikidza nokurera mwana wokurera mwana womubereki wokurera kana kuti muitiro wokurera wechipiri, uyo unogona kuva unodhura uye kupedza nguva 76sumin.

Dzimwe nyika dzichapa mubereki mubereki kana kuti mumwe wake anobvuma kuti mubereki ari kuroorana nemubereki wake anobvuma kuti ane mubereki, asi vakaroorana vasina kuroorana (kusanganisira vaya vari muwanano yehurumende kana kuti vakaroorana) vangafanira kutevera murayiro wedare kuti vatange kuva mubereki. Izvi zvingaita kuti vasanyatsoziva mutemo kana ukama hwacho hukaguma kana kuti kana vakaroorana vacho vakatamira kuhurumende isingabvumiri kuti vane kodzero yokubereka.

Kugadzirisa Matambudziko

Kuparadza roorano (kuparadzana) muitiro wapamutemo unodzorwa nomutemo wehurumende, negadziriro dzekukamuranisa zvinhu, tsigiro yehurumende, kuchengetwa kwavana, uye tsigiro yavana. Masangano avagari vemo anoda muitiro wakafanana wokuparadzana wedare, kunyange zvazvo mashoko acho angasiyana (anowanzonzi mubatanidzwa wevagari vemo). Zvibvumirano zvomumba, zvikurukuru izvo zviri pamwero wekambani yehurumende, zvingasava nomuitiro wetsika wokuparadzana. Vakaroorana vangada kukurukura chibvumirano cheparadzano kana kuti kuisa dare redare renyika kuti vaparadzane zvisungo zvepamutemo, izvo zvinogona kuva zvisingatanhamariswa uye zvinodhura zvikuru.

Ndiani Anofanira Kurangarira Ukama Hwevagari Vomunyika Imwe Chete Kana Kuti Hwemhuri?

Vachifunga nezvezvavasingakwanisi kuita, nei vaviri vapi nevapi vaizosarudza mubatanidzwa wehurumende kana kuti kubatana kwemhuri pamusoro pewanano?

  • Zvikonzero zvemari: vamwe varoorani vangada kudzivisa mutoro wemitero wokuwedzera uyo roorano inogona kuisa (muchinei, “chirango cheroorano” muzvikwata zvakati zvemari). Mune dzimwe nyika, mubatanidzwa wavagari vemo unobvumira kunyoresa kwehurumende asi kwete kuisa dare rehurumende pamwe chete, kungagona kuderedza mutero wose. Varoorani vanofanira kubvunza nyanzvi yemitero.
  • [ Kuisa kusangano reroorano: Vamwe vanhu vanoramba roorano pazvikonzero zvepfungwa, zvorudzidziso, kana kuti zvavakadzi asi vachiri kuda dziviriro dzapamutemo nokuda kwoukama hwavo.
  • Zvikarakadzo zvokubatanidza: nokuda kwavaroorani vakavhengana {tatus muU.S., roorano ndiyo chisarudzo bedzi chinogovera nzira yekadhi rebhuruu. Zvisinei, varoorani vamarudzi ose vangada mubatanidzwa wakanyoreswa munyika yavo kana vachigara kunze kwenyika uye roorano ingaparira zvinetso nemitemo miviri yenhaka.
  • Varoorani (kana kuti avo vanopfuura 62): muCalifornia, ushamwari hwepamba hunowanika kuvaroorani apo mumwe ari kupfuura makore 62, vachipa imwe nzira iri nani yokuroorana ingatapura betsero dzeNyamakotsekano kana kuti kodzero dzepenje. Kuvakweguru, roorano ingaderedza betsero dzakati (muchibvene, betsero dzechirikadzi), nepo kubatira pamwe kwemhuri kungavabvumira kuchengeta betsero idzodzo apo vanenge vachiri kuwana inishuwarenzi yenzanga neshanyo yechipatara.
  • Vakwanyina vasingagoni kuroora pamutemo: Mune dzimwe nzvimbo umo roorano yevatano yevatano isingabvumiki (nyika dzakati nendima dzeU.S.), mubatanidzwa wavagari vemo ungava mwero wakakwirira zvikurusa wezivikanwo yapamutemo inowanika. Somuenzaniso, mune mamwe marudzi eCaribbean namativi eAsia, mubatanidzwa wevagari vemo uripo asi hausati.
  • Vakaroorana vanoda “musengwa wapamutemo”: vamwe vakaroorana havafariri kugara kwenguva refu kwapamutemo uye maitiro eroorano asi vachiri kuda nzvimbo yapamutemo inopa dziviriro huru. Mabhuku okunyoresa mubatanidzwa wemhuri kazhinji kazhinji akasununguka kana kuti akaderera uye haadi mutambo.

Kutarisira Kunoshanda Vaviri Vakaroorana

Nyatsoongorora Zvaunokoshesa

Vasati vasarudza kuti vagari vemhuri vanobva papi, vanofanira kuongorora zvavanenge vachida.

  • Kana zvakadaro, roorano inopa dziviriro yakakomba zvikurusa yavabereki.
  • Kuroora kana kuroorwa kunogovera gadziriro yakajeka nokuda kwokukamuraniswa kwezvinhu netsigiro yeroorano.
  • Kuroorana chete ndiko kunobatsira vanhu vose here?
  • Kuroorana hakufambi; mibatanidzwa yevagari vemo ingasava nyore.
  • Vashandirwi vakawanda vanopa mumwe wavo betsero dzomumba, asi kubatwa kwomutero hakuna kunaka kupfuura kwomukwanyina.

Nzvera Mitemo Yomunzvimbomo

Mitemo yokuziva ukama inosiyana zvikuru nehurumende nenyika.

  • Mu California, vakwanyina vomumba vakanyoreswa vane inodokuva maruramiro ose nemitoro yeroorano mumutemo wehurumende, asi vachiri kutarisana nemitero yehurumende neganhuriro dzokutama.
  • Mu Illinois, mubatanidzwa wavagari vemo unogona kuchinjwa kuroorano, uye hurumende inoziva kunze kwemubatanidzwa wehurumende seroorano. Zvisinei, haisati iri gadziriro dzose dzemubatanidzwa wavagari vemo dzakabatanidzwa zvizere nomutemo wehurumende.
  • Mu Colado, mutemo wemubatanidzwa wehurumende (sezvo wadzorwa pashure pokuenzana kweroorano) uchiri kuda varoorani vehurumende varipo kusarudza kana vangatendeutsira kuroorano kana kuti kuramba vakasungwa pamutemo; hurumende haisati ichatongoparirazve mubatanidzwa mutsva wehurumende.
  • Munyika yose, pa [FLT] pa [FOLT:1] (pacte repabulic de samarité) inopa varoorani maruramiro akawanda asi kwete mano okugamuchira pamwe chete. Vamwe varoorani vanozvisarudzira nemhaka yokuti inogona kuparadzwa neziviso yakapfava padare. mubatanidzwa weGermany wakanyorwa [[ (zvino wavharirwa kuzvakako zvitsva, asi uchiri unoshanda nokuda kwezviripo) unogovera nhaka nebetsero dzemitero, asi kwete kugamuchirwa kwavose.

Kuisa Mushonga Rongedzero Yokuisa Zvikomborero Panzvimbo

Nemhaka yokuti kubatana kwehurumende nokubatana kwemhuri hakuna zivikanwo yehurumende inongozviitikira yoga, kunokosha kuti varoorani vaite magwaro apamutemo okuzadza misiyano yacho. Magwaro makuru anobatanidza:

  • [[[FOL:0] yokupedzisira netestamente: inovimbisa mukwanyina nhaka yezvinhu pasina kunonoka.
  • Simba rinobvira regweta nokuda kwemari: rinobvumira mukwanyina kutarisira maakaundi ebhangi, kubhadhara zvikwereti, uye kutarisira zvinhu kana mumwe wacho akaremara.
  • [ Chirango chokutarisira kana kuti simba rokurapa regweta: chinopa mukwanyina chiremera chokuita zvisarudzo zvokurapa.
  • Kurarama kucha/kutungamirira:
  • Kuiswa kwenzvimbo yokutarisira vana vaduku: Kana mumwe afa, mukwanyina asara angada kukumbira kuchengetwa; kunyorwa kwemashoko kunosimbisa nhau yacho.

Mitemo Nedenho Dzoungwaru

Kufambira mberi mukuenzana kweroorano hakuna kuita kuti kubatana kwehurumende uye kubatana kwemhuri zvive zvisashanda. Vatsigiri vanopfuurira kumanikidza kuti nzvimbo dzokusasarudza dzirambe dziripo nokuda kwevakaroorana vanoda kuada. Panguva imwe cheteyo, vamwe vanotaura kuti kuvapo kwenzvimbo dzakaparadzana kunosimudzira “kusiyana asi kwakaenzana” kusingashandisi pamutemo. Mune dzimwe nyika, kubatana kwevagari vemo kwave kuchiwedzerwa kuva kumhuri dzinopesana nedzine mitezo yevatano, kuchipa kutsiva kuroora kwevakaroorana vose (g., France, Netherlands, South Africa). Izvi zvinokarakadza kuti kubatana kwevagari vemo kungakanganisa kuva chinhu chinodiwa nemitemo yavose, panzvimbo pokusarurana.

Nokuda kwavaiti vemiitiro, nhau huru dziri kuva nechokwadi chokuti nzvimbo ipi neipi yokuzivikanwa kwapamutemo inogovera:

  • Chirevo: Mugariro unofanira kuzivikanwa kumativi ose, zvikurukuru mukati megadziriro yehurumende.
  • Dziviriro dzakafanana: Kana hurumende ikapa mugariro wakasiana, inofanira kupa maruramiro chaiwoiwo akafanana neroorano mumutemo wehurumende, kubatanidza kuva mubereki, nhaka, mutero, uye deteko.
  • Miitiro yokuchenesa: Mativi ose anofanira kuva nomuitiro wakananga wedare kana kuti wehurumende wokugumisa ukama hwapamutemo.
  • Hamuna chirango nokuda kwokusarudza mugariro weroorano usiri 76: mitemo yeFederal inofanira kugadziridzwa kutambanudzira betsero dzakati (dzakadai sezororo remhuri nokurapwa kweinishuwarenzi youtano) kumubatanidzwa wehurumende navaroorani vemumba avo vanogona kuratidzira ukuru hwakafanana hwokuzvipira.

Mugumisiro: Kusarudza Uchiziva

Chisarudzo pakati peroorano, mubatanidzwa wehurumende, kana kuti mubatanidzwa wemhuri ndechomunhu oga zvikuru uye chakatsamira pamashoko akapoteredza. Roorano inoramba iri mupimo wendarama nokuda kwokuzivikanwa kwapamutemo, ichipa dziviriro dzakasimba zvikurusa, kuchengeteka, uye kugamuchirwa kwenzanga. Zvisinei, masangano avagari vemo anogovera maruramiro anowirirana nechiyero pamwero wehurumende uye anogona kuva anobetsera nokuda kwevakaroorana vanoda kudzivisa mitero yakati yehurumende kana kuti vanoramba roorano sesangano. Vakwanyina vemhuri, kunyange zvazvo vakaganhurirwa, vanopa dziviriro huru nokuda kwokuwana mushandirwi anogoverwa pasina kuita mutambo weroorano wapamutemo.

Vakaroorana vanofanira kubvunza gweta remitemo yemhuri rakarovedzana nemitemo munyika yavo kana kuti munyika, sezvo migumisiro yechisarudzo chakaipa iri yakakura uye migumisiro yacho inogona kudarika mitero, nhaka, uye nhau dzemhuri.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, ona [[FLT: 0] chitsama chechiNgezi chemubatanidzwa wavagari vemo nemitemo yebatira pamwe yemhuri, IRS FAQ nokuda kwezvikwanyina zvimwe chetezvo zvevatano [, uye Kupinda kweGOM kweGOM] kwechikamu cheMazita .