Hurumende Chii?

Gadziriro yehurumende igadziriro yamasangano, mitemo, uye miitiro izvo hurumende kana kuti nzanga inorongwa uye inodzorwa nayo. Inosarudza kuti chiremera chinoparadzirwa sei, kuti zvisarudzo zvinoitwa sei, uye kuti simba rinoshandiswa sei pavagari vemo. Masangano ehurumende anoumba rutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hwevagari vemo(kubva pakodzero nerusununguko vagari vemo vanofarikanya mikana yezvemari yavanowana. Vadzidzi, vadzidzi, uye vapa vemo, vanonzwisisa masangano aya anokosha nokuda kwokutora rutivi kwokuziva muhurukuro yavose uye kuenzanisa nzira iyo marudzi akasiyana anotonga nayo. Nyaya inopa kupfupikisa kwakakwana marudzi makuru egadziriro dzehurumende, kuongorora maitiro avo makuru, uye kunzvera maitiro avanosiyana nawo.

Zvinhu Zvinokosha Zvikuru Zvemasangano Ehurumende

Usati wapinda mumvura uchiita mhando chaiyo, unobatsira kunzwisisa zvinhu zvinoumba masangano ehurumende.

  • Tsime reChiremera: Hurumende inowana kupi maruramiro ayo? Nhevedzo dzinobatanidza kubvumirana kwakakurumbira, maruramiro oumwari, nhevedzano yenhaka, kana kuti uto rehondo.
  • Kugovera kweSimba: Simba rakaiswa mumunhu mumwe kana kuti boka duku, kana kuti rinogoveranwa pakati pamapazu nemwero yehurumende? Ikoku kune chokuita nezvivako zvehurumende.
  • ZVIRATIDZO zvoMutemo: Vatongi vanosungwa nebumbiro remitemo kana kuti itsika, kana kuti vanogona kuita nenzira yokuzvidira?
  • [ Kutora rutivi:[ Vanhu vanopesvedzera sei hurumende? Sarudzo dzinovambira pakuvhota uye kutaura kwakasununguka kusvikira kukudzvinyirira nokubvisa chose chose.
  • Kudzora kwomugariro wemari: Hurumende inodzora upfumi kusvikira kutambanukoi? Masangano anosiana kubva kuLaissez-faire compulistic kusvikira kupfuma yemirairo inodzorwa nehurumende.
  • Tsika neRusununguko: Ko rusununguko rwavagari vemo rwakadzivirirwa nomutemo, kana kuti hurumende inogona kudzidzosa pachido here?

Iyi miitiro inoumba malens ealytical matinogona kuenzanisa nawo gadziriro dzehurumende dzinotevera.

Marudzi Makuru Egadziriro Dzehurumende

Zvikamu zvinotevera zvinoongorora mapoka anozivikanwa zvikurusa egadziriro dzehurumende, netsananguro dzakakura, mienzaniso yenhau, uye kunzvera kwakajeka.

Utongi Hworuzhinji

Democracy, kubva kumashoko echiGiriki démos (vanhu) uye kratos[, zvipfeko zvesimba muvanhu. Muchimiro chazvo chakachena zvikurusa, vagari vemo vanovhota zvakananga pamitemo nemitemo, system / sisitemu inoshandiswa muAtene yakare. Nhasi, mademocracy mazhinjisa ari mademocracy [[[[FLT:]]] anomirira hurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu, apo vagari vemo vanosarudza vakuru vakuru kuti vaite zvisarudzo zvavo. Zvinokosha zvinosanganisira kudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu, ruzhinji nokuremekedza kodzero dzavo.

Mienzaniso yegadziriro dzehurumende yedemokrase inobatanidza United States (republic yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu), India (hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu), uye Germany (referal paramende reparamende). Mukuwirirana ne Economist Intelligence Unity Unity Index Index [[, marudzi anoiswa panzvimbo pamiitiro yehurumende, kushanda kwehurumende, kutora rutivi kwezvamatongerwe enyika, tsika dzezvamatongerwe enyika, uye rusununguko rwavagari vemo. Madhimoracracracy anogona kuva asina kutera; anoda kuvimbisana kushandira hurumende, kuzvimirira, uye tsika yokuvimba namasangano kuti abudirire. Nepo hurumende yehurumende yehurumende inogona dzimwe nguva inotungamirira kurutsigiro kana kuti ive mamiriro ezvinhu adzoro ezvinhu, inoramba iri tsika inotsigirwa zvikuru nokuda kwokudzivirira rukudzo nerusununguko rwavanhu.

Republic

Republic chimiro chehurumende umo mutungamiriri wenyika asati ari mambo asi ari mukuru mukuru akasarudzwa kana kuti akagadzwa, uye nyika inorangarirwa kuva "nhau yavose".

Nyika dzose dzinogona kuva purezidhendi wehurumende yehurumende yeU.S.A. (muremur., Italy). Musiyano mukuru pakati perepabhuriki nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu kazhinji kazhinji hauzivikanwi: marepublic ose ane nharaunda yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu (dzine sarudzo), asi haisati iri hurumende dzose dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzinosarudzwa navanhu dzinova republicscs (idzo dzose inyika yeUnited Kingdom) nyika inotonga yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu asi kwete republic. MaRepublic anosimbisa kunaka kwenzanga nezvakanaka zvavose, asi vanotsoropodza vanogona kubviswa panzvimbo inosarudzwa navanhu kana vamiririri vasingagoni kuzivikanwa.

Monarchy

Mambo ndimumwe wezvimiro zvekaresa zvehurumende, ine mutongi mumwe (mambo) ane nzvimbo yakakwirira zvikurusa, kazhinji kazhinji nokuda kwoupenyu uye kupfurikidza nokutevedzana kwenhaka. Kune marudzi makuru maviri:

  • Absalute Monarchy: Monarch anoshandisa udzori hwehurumende yose uye haasungwi nebumbiro remitemo. Mienzaniso yenhau inobatanidza Louis XIV weFrance nemienzaniso yazvino uno yakadai saSaudi Arabia neOman. Mugadziriro idzi, shoko ramambo mutemo, uye hapana nzvero dzapamutemo pasimba ravo.
  • Consitugational Monarchy: masimba emonarch anoganhurirwa nebumbiro remitemo kana kuti mitemo, uye chiremera chaichoicho chezvamatongerwe enyika chiri muparamende yakasarudzwa napurezidhendi mukuru. Mambo anowanzobatira somutungamiriri wetsika wehurumende. Mienzaniso inobatanidza United Kingdom, Japan, uye Sweden. Muidzi gadziriro, madzimambo anopa dzikamo nokupfuurira apo gadziriro dzedemokrase dzinodzora nhau dzezuva nezuva.

Mitongi inogona kugovera pfungwa yokuzivikanwa kworudzi nokupfuurira, asi ingashaiwa kuzvidavirira kana mambo akachengeta masimba anokosha.

Kunyora

Chiremerera chinopa simba mumutungamiriri mumwe kana kuti vakakwirira vashoma, vasina kunyanyowanda mune zvematongerwe enyika nokutora rutivi kwavose kwakaganhurirwa. Nepo hurumende dzinodzvinyirira dzingaita sarudzo, idzodzi hadzina kusununguka kana kuti kusasarura, uye hurumende inoganhurira zvikuru chishoro. Maitiro makuru anobatanidza:

  • Kupa ngwariro yesimba muboka romunhu kana kuti duku, kazhinji kazhinji kuchitsigirwa nehondo kana kuti boka rimwe.
  • Kudzvinyirirwa kwokusabvumirana kupfurikidza nokunzverwa, mapurisa epachivande, kana kuti kunetswa kwapamutemo.
  • Vane miganhu kana kuti vanoshatirwa nezvinobudisa nhau uye vanhu.

Mienzaniso yenhau inobatanidza Soviet Union pasi paStalin, Nazi Germany, uye zvinoitika zvazvino uno zvikuru zvakadai seChina (kunyange zvazvo China ichibatanidza udzori hwehurumende nepfuma yemari) neBelarus.

Kudzvinyirira

Udzvinyiriri chimiro chakanyanyisa choudzvinyiriri hunotsvaka udzori hwakakwana parutivi rwuri rwose rwoupenyu hwavanhu nehwavo voga. Hurumende inopinda munzvimbo dzose — mapoka, upfumi, tsika, rudzidziso, uye kunyange zvitendero zvomunhu oga. Mativi okusawirirana anobatanidza:

  • Kudzora upfumi uye kugadzirwa kwezvinhu.
  • Kuongorora kwokungwarira uye mashoko anoparadzirwa kuti zviumbe pfungwa.
  • Kushandiswa kwokutyisidzira nokungwarira kubvisa chishoro.
  • Ipfungwa imwe chete, yose inodarika inofanira kugamuchirwa nevagari vemo vose.

Mienzaniso yakatanhamara ndeyeGermany yaAdolf Hitler neyaJoseph Stalin’s Soviet Union. North Korea muumambo hweKim ihurumende inotonga zvoudzvinyiriri yepanguva imwe cheteyo, umo hurumende inodzora mashoko, inoganhurira kuvimbika kwakakwana. Udzvinyiriri hunoshorwa zvikuru nokuda kwokuparira migariro yedzvinyiriro huru, kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwamaruramiro avanhu, uye kusashanda zvakanaka kwezvemari.

Oligarchy

Morigarchy igadziriro umo boka duku ravanhu rine simba, kazhinji kazhinji rakavakirwa papfuma, zvisungo zvemhuri, udzori hwehondo, kana kuti pesvedzero yesangano rinoshandira pamwe. Kusafanana noumambo hwakavakirwa pahurumende inogarwa nhaka, uhwo hunogona kuva hwamasanga uye hungavapo mugadziriro dzedemokrase yezita. Somuenzaniso, mune mamwe marudzi, mhuri dzakapfuma shomanene kana kuti bhizimisi vane pesvedzero huru zvikuru pamutezo, zvinobudisa nhau, uye sarudzo. Ikoku kazhinji kazhinji kacho kunonzi chibvumirano chehurumende yedemocracy [[FLT]]

Mienzaniso yazvino uno inobatanidza maguta enhau evatengesi ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ ­ remataundi ane zvikamu zvinobatanidza Venice.

Maanarchy

Antarchy chaizvoizvo inoreva kuti “pasina murairo. ” Inorondedzera kusavapo kwechiremera chikuru chinodzora. Mubasa, nyongano inogona kutungamirira kunyongano, masimba masimba, uye kuputsika kwomutemo, sezvinoonwa mumitemo yakakundikana seSomalia mukati mema1990. Zvisinei, vamwe vazivi vezvamatongerwe enyika vanotaura kuti nyongano inogonawo kuva tsika yokuzvidira, yokuzvidira yakavakirwa pabatira pamwe, chisarudzo chakafanira chakaitwa jini, uye hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. (hwu ndihwo hunokosha zvikuru kupfuura gadziriro chaiyoiyo yenyika inogarwa.)

Kashoma kuti pave nehurumende inogara kwenguva refu, inowanzovapo munguva yokupandukira, hondo dzevagari vemo, kana kuti kuparara kwehurumende. Nzanga dzakawanda pakupedzisira dzinoumba rudzi rwakati rwehurumende kuti dzipe kuchengeteka, zvinhu zvinoshandiswa, uye chisarudzo. Pfungwa yacho inoshanda sengano yokunyevera nezvokudiwa kwokutonga uye ngozi dzesimba.

Kuongorora Zvirongwa Zvehurumende Zvinoenzaniswa

Gadziriro imwe neimwe yehurumende ine simba rakasiyana neutera izvo zvinotapura upenyu hwezuva nezuva hwavagari vemo, budiriro yemari, uye kugadzikana kwenguva refu. Pasi apa pane kuenzanisa kupfupi:

  • [[FLT: 0] Democracy: Inowedzera rusununguko rwezvamatongerwe enyika nokuzvidavirira asi inogona kuva yakadzorwa kana kuti inodzorwa nechipulism. Inoda mugari wemo akadzidza namasangano akasimba.
  • Republic: Simba kupfurikidza neganhuriro dzebumbiro remitemo nemirairo asi rinogona kutanga kupesana pakati pavamiriri navateveri kana kusati kwasanodzorwa.
  • Monarchy: Inogovera utungamiriri hwakajeka, hwakatsiga uye kupfuurira kwenyika, asi madzimambo akakwana anoisa mungozi udzvinyiriri, nepo system ingaparapatika nemutengo noukoshi zvomusoro wetsika wenyika.
  • [[FLT: 0] Utongi:[[FLT: 1] hunogona kuita kuti nhevedzano ikurumidze kufambira mberi (zvikurukuru mumigariro yenzvimbo dzinogadzirwa zvinhu) asi pakurasikirwa nerusununguko rwomunhu oga, maruramiro ezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kuzvidavirira kwenguva refu.
  • [ Chirongwa chaMatotaliast: Chinoita udzori hwakanyanyisa uye kufanana kwepfungwa asi chinotungamirira kudzvinyiriro hurusa, upfumi husingashandi zvakanaka, uye ngwavaira dzamaruramiro avanhu.
  • [[FLT: 0] Oligarchy:[[FLT: 1] Kukurumidza, kwakabatana kuita chisarudzo neboka rakaganhurirwa asi kunofuratira chiverengero chakafara chavagari vemo uye kunopa ngwariro kupfuma, kazhinji kazhinji kuchiparira pfundepfunde nokusagadzikana.
  • Archy: Inopa rusununguko rwomunhu oga rwakakwana murondedzero asi mukushandisa kazhinji kazhinji runoparira kusachengeteka namasimba masimba, kukundikana kugovera zvinhu zvikuru zvavose.

Kunokosha kucherechedza kuti nyika dzakawanda dzinobatanidza zvinhu.Somuenzaniso, Singapore inobatanidza sarudzo yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu nekombamiro dzakasimba dzechiremera, uye United Kingdom ihurumende yehurumende inotongwa nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu neparamende.

Kuderedza Kunoita Masangano Ehurumende

Masangano ehurumende haasi enguva dzose. Anochinja nokuchinja, kuchinja, kuchinja kwebumbiro remitemo zvishoma nezvishoma, kana kuti kudzvinyirira kwokunze.

  • .R Transvolution Chinjo: French Revolution yakakurira umambo hwakakwana ndokutungamirira kuRepublic. Chinjo yeRussia yakaunza hurumende youdzvinyiriri.
  • Chinjo inoitwa muUnited Kingdom yakakudza nhambo yendangariro mumazana amakore, ichishandura kubva muumambo hune ganhuriro kuva hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yakazara apo inochengeta umambo.
  • Kutendeutsa: Makoroni mazhinji aichimbova akagamuchira gadziriro dzehurumende dzavagari vawo vemo, achiabatanidza namagamuchidzanwa emo. India yakava republic yedemocracy; marudzi mazhinji eAfrica akatanga kugamuchira gadziriro dzehurumende dzinodzora vanhu dzakachinjira gare gare kuhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu.
  • Collapse and Reagime: Kuwa kweSoviet Union kwakatungamirira kufungu rehurumende itsva dzinotonga noubati ushe hunosarudzwa navanhu muEastern Europe neCentral Asia.

Kunzwisisa izvi zviitwa kunobetsera kutsanangura chikonzero nei nyika dzine zvimiro zvebumbiro remitemo zvakafanana dzinogona kuva nemiuyo yakasiana zvikuru. IDEA'S Internationalwild World State of Democracy Inficase[[FLT: 1] dzichitevera iyi miitiro nokufamba kwenguva, kuchiratidza kuti vara redemocracy rinochinja sei munyika yose.

Basa Rehurumende Muzvinetso Zvazvino Uno

Rudzi rwegadziriro yehurumende runogamuchira nzira iyo inobata nayo zvakananga nhau huru dzapanguva imwe cheteyo dzakadai sechinjo yemamiriro okunze, kusaenzana kwemari, utano hwavanhu vose, uye rwisano yamarudzi ose. Hurumende dzinorwisa kugadza mitemo yenhambo refu nemhaka yemiganhu mipfupi yesarudzo, nepo hurumende dzine chiremera chinodzora dzinogona kushandisa chinjo dzinokurumidza asi dzingafuratira kugamuchirwa kwavose. Devoridharidhe yakasimbisa iyi misiyano yehurumende yehurumende yehurumende (se China) inoita kuti ikurumidze kuvhara, nepo marudzi edemocracy akakakava nekurukurirano yezvokutengeserana pakati poutano hwavanhu vose nerusununguko rwehurumende. Zvisinei, kujeka nokuzvidavirira muhurumende inodzorwa kunobetsera kuvaka chivimbo nokugadziridzwa kwemitemo yavanhu yakavakirwa paufakazi nemurangariro wavose.

Chikonzero Nei Kunzwisisa Gadziriro Dzehurumende Kuchikosha

Nokuda kwavadzidzi navadzidzisi, kunzwisisa kwakasimba kwegadziriro dzehurumende kunopfuura kurovedza dzidzo. Kunokurudzira [[FLT: 0] kurava nokunyora , kuchigonesa vanhu kuita zvine revo nekurukurirano dzezvematongerwe enyika, kuyera vatungamiriri, uye kutsigira chinjo. Kunosimudzirawo [ kuziva kwepasi pose [, kunobetsera vanhu kunzwisisa chikonzero nei nyika dzichitonga zvakasiyana uye kuti kusawirirana kwadzinotapura sei ukama hwenyika yose, kutengeserana, uye kodzero dzavanhu. Munyika ine mibatanidzwa, zivo yehurumende ndiyo inokosha kuti ive mugari wemo anozivikanwa uye mutsigiriki anobudirira munyika yose.

mhedziso

Gadziriro dzehurumende ndidzo dzinoparira mativi esangano rezvamatongerwe enyika, dzichipesvedzera chinhu chiri chose kuvambira parusununguko rumwe norumwe kusvikira kuzivikanwo yorudzi. Iyi nhetembo yakasimbisa marudzi makuru(mademocracy, republic, umambo, utongi hwaro, udzvinyiriri, udzvinyiriri, uye kusagadzikana(kufanana namativi adzo, simba, uye uteramo. Hakuna gadziriro yakakwana, uye marudzi akawanda anobatanidza zvinhu kubva mumapoka akawanda. Kupfurikidza nokufunda aya misiyano, vadzidzi navadzidzisi vanogona kuvamba kunzwisisa nenzira yakajeka, kuti inoshandiswa sei, uye kuti vagari vemo vanogona sei kutora rutivi rwakanakisisa mukuumba udzo hwavo vamene. Nokuda kwaavo vanoda kunzverazve, zvipfuno zvakadai se [FLD: 0] Ecclopedia Britannica Britannica Bible Bible Bible pat controngletic syst syst protectbook, protations protection traties , jistatiotiotiotiotive.