Kunzwisisa Kusunungurwa Kwevanhu Vamwe

Mvumo dzavagari vemo ndidzo dzinodzivirira nzanga dzehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu. (________________________nodzivirira vanhu pakupindira kwakanyanyisa kwehurumende uye kuvimbisa kutora rutivi muupenyu hwavanhu pasina kutya. Zvisinei, mvumo iyi yakasimbiswa muzvinyorwa zvakadai seBill of Rights, European Convention on Human Rights, uye Universal Declaration of Human Rights. Inobatanidza rusununguko rwokutaura, kodzero yokuva voga, rusununguko rwegungano, uye muitiro wakafanira pasi pomutemo. Zvisinei, nguva yemichina yakachinja zvikuru kuti idzi kodzero dzinozivikanwa sei, dzinotyisidzirwa, uye kuti dzinodzivirira. Zvishandiso chaizvo zvinoita kuti kukurukurirana kwenyika yose uye kukwanisa kupiwa mashoko kukwanisa kuongorora, kuongorora, kuongorora, uye kudzora.

Munhambo yapamberi pemadhigineti, kuva woga kwaiwanzova nhau inonzwika nejeko rakakiyiwa, hamvuropu yakavharwa. Rusununguro rwaidzorwa nejogiramu renyika uye kusvika kwakaganhurirwa kwezvinobudisa nhau. Nhasi, kunzvera, uye nzvimbo zvinobudisa mashoko anogona kuunganidzwa, kuongororwa, uye kushandiswa (kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji pasina kubvumira kune revo. Somuuyo, vatsigiri vekodzero dzevagari vemo vanotaura kuti magariro etsika dzegamuchidzanwa haana kukwana kukurukura mitsaradziro yemibatanidzwa yenhau. Kunzwisisa aya kunokosha nokuda kwavagari vemo, vagadziri vemiteopu, uye nyanzvi dzezvoruzivo rwemiitiro yemiitiro yemiitiro.

Kutapura Kweruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Pachivande

Kuva woga munhambo yemitengo hakusati kuchisiri kariro yakapfava yokuva woga; chimuko chinokwikwidza. Uku kuwanda kwezvinobudisa mashoko, mafoni, gore, uye Indaneti yeZvinhu (IoT) zvakashandura mashoko omunhu oga kuva chinhu. 2019 Kunzvera kwePew Research Center kwakawana kuti 81% yavaAmerica vanorangarira kuti havagoni kudzora makambani enhau anenge achivapoteredza. Uku kuderera kwezvakavanzika kunobva mumanyuko akawanda, anopeta:

  • [ Kuunganidzwa kwamashoko kwoutsotsi kupfurikidza namasangano - Tech mionts, manyuko, uye vashambadzi vanocheka rondedzero dzine udzame dzevashandisi, kazhinji kazhinji pasina kujekeswa kwakajeka.
  • Gadziriro dzokunzvera dzehurumende – nhano dzokunzvera, kubva paPRISM yeNSA kusvikira kukushandiswa kwamapurisa kwomunzvimbomo kwemienzaniso yesero (Miitiro), inoshanda nemipimo yakasiana- siyana youtariri.
  • [[[NHAU]] tyisidziro dzeTsvene - Kuputswa kweDatamuro kunofumura mashoko anotapura, kuvambira pamarekodhi outano kusvikira kumaakaundi ezvemari, kuchitapura mamirioni gore negore.
  • Mitemo yemashoko inodzivirira [ - nyika zhinji hadzina mirau yakakwana yakavanzika, kuchisiya vagari vemo vasina dziviriro kukubatwa zvisina kufanira.

Mugumisiro wacho unowedzera inzanga umo kuva woga kunowanzova chinhu chinodiwa panzvimbo pechisaririra, kunoda kungwarira kwenguva dzose uye kungwarira kwounyanzvi kuti kuchengetedzwe.

Miitiro Yokuunganidza Mashoko: Oiri Itsva

Muunganidzwa wemashoko eCorporate wakabva pamabhisikiti akapfava kusvikira kutsika dzakaoma kunyora mumichina nenzvimbo. Makambani akadai seFacebook (Meta zvino), Google, uye Amazon anobatana mashoko kubva kumasangano akawanda(kutsvaka nhau, nzvimbo, kutenga, kufambidzana kwenzanga) kuvaka mifananidzo yakadzama yemagariro emunhu. Iyi dhaimani inosimudzira kushambadza, rumbidzo dzomunhu oga, uye kunyange mutengo wechikwereti wegiramu. Zvisinei, mwero wezviunganidzwa unosimudzira itiro huru:

  • Kutsvaka nokunyora [[FL:1] - Masangano eAd namanyuko anoumba rondedzero pavanhu vasina kutongofambidzana nadzo zvakananga.
  • Nhamba dzemashoko dzinopesana - Kuputsika kweEquifax muna 2017 kwakaratidzira nhamba dzechengeteko yenzanga namashoko omunhu oga avanhu vane mamirioni 147. Zviitiko zvakadaro hazviparadzaniswi.
  • Nhevedzano dzekusazivikanwa - Kunyange mashoko asingazivikanwi anogona kuzivikanwazve anoshandisa unyanzvi hwokubatanidza, sezvinoratidzwa munzvero dze “mazita okufamba.

Vashandisi kazhinji kazhinji havazivi ukuru namadonzo ekuunganidzwa kwemadata. Nzvero ya2020 neNorwegian Consumer Council yakazivisa kuti maapuro akakurumbira akadai seTikTok neFacebook akapfuudza mashoko omushandisi kumativi echitatu pasina mvumo yakajeka. Mapoka eAdvocacy akadai seElectronic Foundation (EFFF) akadana kwenguva refu nokuda kwedziviriro dzakavanzika dzakasimba zvikuru, kubatanidza mugumo kuendesa kumugumo neganhuriro pamigovero yedata.

Kushanda Kwehurumende: Rusununguko Runopesana

Kuongorora kwehurumende kwakawedzera zvinoshamisa kubvira pakurwisa 9/11, mapurogiramu achiruramiswa nokuchengeteka kwenyika asi achiwanzotsoropodzwa. USA PARIOTT Act, yakapfuudzwa muna 2001, yakabvumira masimba makuru ehurumende yeUnited States kuongorora kurukurirano, kuunganidza mapepa ebhizimisi, uye mufambiro. Zvizaruro zvinotevera nokupfura khwero mukuru Edward Snowden muna 2013 zvakafumura ukuru hweNSA, kubatanidza kuunganidzwa kwemichina yemakombiyuta neInternet zvekukurukurirana kwemamiriyoni eAmerica nevokumwe nyika zvakafanana.

Zvinokonzerwa norusununguko rwevagari vemo zvinokosha:

  • Kupikiswa kwamaruramiro oungwaru - Kunzvera kwaMasa kunosekesa dziviriro yeFirence Rechina Amendment pakunzvera kusina mufungo. Matare akanetseka kana kuunganidzwa kwamashoko akawanda kuri kuumba kutsvaka.
  • [ Miuyo inoparira pakutaura kwakasununguka[ – apo vanhu vanoziva kurukurirano dzavo dzingaongororwa, vangazvideredza ivo vamene, vachideredza mhatsa yehurukuro yavose.
  • Nemhaka yokushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba - Maturusi okurwisa nawo ugandanga anogona kugadzirirwazve mapurisa ezvematongerwe enyika, sezvinoonekwa mukuongorora kwaFBI Black Lives Confecters nekubatwa kwemarekodhi enhau eDhipatimendi reSanihedhedhendi reSani.

Musi wamarudzi ose, mugariro unosiana. The European Union’s General Data Protection Regial (GDPR), inoitwa muna 2018, inoisa ganhuriro dzorumano pakuunganidzwa kwamajeri uye inopa vanhu udzo hukuru zvikuru pamashoko avo. Zvisinei, kunyange nyika dziri muEU dzakarwisana nokudzikamisa chengeteko nokuva voga, sezvinoonekwa mukurukurirano pamusoro pemicheto yakavanzika yemashoko uye zvirambidzo zvechiso.

Mizinda Yezvitoro Zvemari uye Tyisidziro Itsva

Mubhuku rake remitengo yegore rinonzi Nhambo yeSurveildance Capitalist, Shoshana Zuboff inoramba kuti makambani eruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu akagadzira pfungwa itsva yezvemari inobata ruzivo rwemunhu sezvinhu zvakasununguka nokuda kwemibato yetsika. Iyi gadziriro haisati ichingoputsa bedzi zvakavanzika asiwo inochinja mufambiro kupfurikidza nemiraunduro inodeyariso yezvamatongerwe enyika nezvinovakiso zvomunhu oga zvinogona kupesvedzera mufambiro womushandisi munzira dzinotyisidzira miitiro yedemocracy. Chitso chaCambridge Analytica, umo mashoko anobva kumamirioni avashandisi veFacebook akakodhea akacherwa nenzira isina kufanira nokuda kwezvamatongerwe enyika, yakaenzanisira ngozi huru yemitengo isingadzorwi.

Mitemo inopinza mativi ose ezvinhu inowedzera izvi zvinonetsa. Mitemo yebiometric .(nziyo) inoziva, kuongorora mafinichendi, kuongorora mafinivhinzi (gait) yakagadzirwa nahurumende nemakambani. San Francisco nemamwe maguta anoverengeka akarambidza kushandiswa kwehurumende kuzivikanwa kwechiso nemhaka yokururama uye ngozi dzakavanzika. Munguva ino, gadziriro dzokuongorora dzinoshanda nesimba reAI munyika dzine simba rehurumende seChina dzinogonesa kuongorora vanhu vakawanda kupfurikidza nezvinotengwa nemagariro enzanga, kusimudzira alamu pamusoro pokutengeswa kwepasi pose kwemichina yakadaro.

Kushandisa Internet Pakutaura Kwakasununguka

Kutaura kwakasununguka ikodzero huru yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, bva Internet yakaoma kuishandisa kwayo. Zvikuva zveInternet zvazova nzvimbo itsva yavose, asi ndezvemunhu oga uye zvinodzorwa nemitemo yebasa. Ikoku kunoparira kusawirirana pakati peFirst Amendment (kana kuti dziviriro dzakafanana) namaruramiro echikuva kuti zvinhu zvive nemwero. Muuyo imhoteredzo yakaoma umo kodzero dzokutaura dzinoumbwa nemitemo, mitemo yesangano ramabasa, mitemo, uye mipimo yavashandisi.

Gadzirisa Tsika Nechinetso Chine Mwero

Makambani enzanga akadai setwitter (zvino X), Facebook, uye YouTube ane mwero yezvaanotaura zvokudzivisa kunetsa, kuvenga, mashoko asina kururama, uye basa risiri repamutemo. Kunyange zvazvo mwero wakadaro uchigona kugadzira nzvimbo dzakakotsekana, zvinowedzerawo kupomera kwokuongorora. Zvikurukuru kana mashoko anotaurwa mumashoko akapesana kana kuti akapesana akabviswa. Nhau dzinokosha dzinosanganisira:

  • Kudzikama nokunzvera – Platforms dzinovimba negadziriro dzinodzorwa nemhedziso dzavanhu kuti vatsigire mitemo, asi zvikanganiso zvakakurumbira. Kubviswa kwekutaura kwapamutemo kwezvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti kutaura kwounyanzvi kunokwevera kutsoropodza kukuru.
  • Kutapura kwamashoko akaderedzwa [[FLT: 1] - Studies dzinoratidzira kuti maatomu emwero kazhinji kazhinji anotapura nomutoo usingaenzaniswi vakadzi, vanhu vane ruvara, uye LGBTQ+ vanoshandisa, kuderedza zviri mukati mawo nokuda kwokuva namashoko ane chokuita nevatano kana kuti dzinza.
  • Tsvakaro mukurondedzera kutaura kworuvengo mukupesana norusununguko rwokutaura [[FT:1] - Mutsetse pakati pomutauro wakashata asi wakadzivirirwa noukuchidziridziro wamasimba masimba hauwanzojeka. Mitemo yetsika yetsika inochinja inosiana munyika yose; chisiri chipamutemo muGermany mumitemo yembengo dzokutaura zvingabvumirwa muUnited States.

Kubviswa kwezvifananidzo zvavose − kwakadai saaichimbova Purezidhendi Donald Trump pashure penyongano yaJanuary 6 Capitol — yakanyandura gakava rinotyisa pamusoro pesimba remakambani ezvokutengeserana kunyaradza kutaura kwezvamatongerwe enyika.Vamwe vanotaura kuti aya makambani vatambi vakavanzika uye vanogona kugadza mitemo yavo vamene; vamwe vanoomerera kuti kudzora kwavo musika kunovaita vawirirane nezvinoiswa mubato wavose uye nokudaro vakasungwa nemisengwa yekutaura yapachena.

Mabhuku Ezvemutemo: Chikamu 230, Mutezo Wezvibvumirano Wokutanga, uye Kupfuura

MuUnited States, Chiratidzo cha22 cheNheyo yeNhevedzo yeKutaura kwakasununguka paIndaneti. Chinogovera kudzivirira zvikuva nokuda kwezvirimo zvinoiswa navashandisi uye chinovabvumira kuva nezviri pakati nepakati mu “kutenda kwakanaka” pasina kubatwa sevaparidzi. Iyi nhoo yapamutemo yakagonesa kukura kweInternet yazvino uno, asi yakatarisanawo nokutsoropodza kunofungidzirwa nokuda kwokurega zvikuva nemhaka yezviri mukati. Repeal kana kuti chinjo yeChikamu 230 yakakarakadzwa navose vari vaviri veRepublicans (vanopomera tsvenga yetsika dzinorwisana nereve) uye Democrat (va vanoda kukunda kurwisana).

Kunze kweU.S., dziviriro dzakasununguka dzokutaura dzinosiyana zvikuru. Dare reDigital Services DIGITI , inoshanda muna 2024, inoisa misengwa yorumano pamaplatifomu makuru zvikuru kuyera ngozi dzehurukuro yavose nekodzero dzinokosha. Inoda kuva pachena mumwero nemitemo inorumbidza. Munguva ino, nyika dzakafanana neIndia neBrazil dzakaita mitemo inoisa kuraira kubviswa kwezviri mukati, kumutsa itiro pamusoro pezvisakiso zvehurumende kuti zvive zvinokuvadza, kukwidziridza kurukurirano yehurumende mukutaura kwapachena kwapachena.

Pe Amendment yekutanga inoramba iri pesvedzero ine simba munyika yose, zvikurukuru mugadziro. Dare Gurusa reU.S. rakataura hurukuro yepaIndaneti mumhaka dzakadai se Packham v. North Carolina (2017]), iyo yakagumisa mutemo wakarambidza vapari vevatano vakanyoreswa kubva kumanyuko, ichivazivisa kuti “yavose nguva ino.” Nguva pfupi yapfuura zvikuru, [[FLT:] Netchocice v. Pax[[FLT][FLT] [FLT] [FF:5] yakarangarira pamutemo yomutemo inorambidza matepikirwo etsika paratio; Dare rakavamba chigaro chapera.

Kusaziva, Kusataura Zvakanaka, uye Kusagadzikana Kwokutaura

Kuparadzirwa kwamashoko enhema . kungasaziviswa namaune kana kuti kurasika kwoune. Mukusashanda zvakanaka kwemadhimoni. Mukati medenda reCHOVAD-19, zvikuva zvakatarisana nedzvinyiriro yokubvisa mashoko enhema outano angagona kutungamirira kukukuvara chaiko. Nenzira yakafanana, kusasarudzwa kwakabatana kwabvisa chivimbo mumiitiro yedemokrati. Denho ndeyokudzivirira kutaura uku uchibvisa kuvadziko dzinokuvadza. Kusvika kunovambira pakudzivisa zviitiko nenyevero dzinoratidza kuti zvisakiso zvezvisipo zvinoparira chisimba kana kuti ruvengo. Vatsoropodzi vanonyevera kuti kuva nomwero kunyanyisa kushatsakatikana kwetsika kwapamutemo.

Vamwe vanokarakadza kujeka kwearemic senzvimbo yapakati: kuraira zvikuva kuzivisa kuti gadziriro dzavo dzokurumbidza dzinokudza sei zviri mukati ndokubvumira vanoshandisa kubvisa maatomilgo yakavakirwa patrupt. Ikoku kungaderedza kupararira kwevhairasi yechinhu chinonyandurwa kana kuti chenhema pasina kunzvera kwakananga.

Kudzikamisa Kuva Woga Nokutaura

Ukama pakati pezvakavanzika nekutaura kwakasununguka hahusati huri hwechiro, asi kusawirirana kunomuka. Somuenzaniso, kunyorwa kwamashoko oupedo kunosimbisa kuvandika kwekurukurirano asi kunogona kudzivisa kutaura kusiri kwapamutemo kana kuti kubatira pamwe kwoutsotsi. Nhamburiko dzokukurira kutaura kworuvengo dzingada kusvikwa namashoko omunhu ari pachivande, sezvinobvira kuputsa kuvandika. Kusvika kwakadzikama kunoremekedza kodzero dzose dziri mbiri nepo dzichibvuma kutsamirana kwadzo.

Vhedheni: Nhoo kana kuti bakatwa?

Pepanhau rekupedzisa nokupedzisa mashoko (E2EE) rinovimbisa kuti mutumi bedzi namugamuchiri anogona kurava zviri mukati memashoko. Icho chishandiso chakakomba chokudzivirira manyuko enhau, vapfuri, vashinganyi, uye vagari vemowo zvavo pakunzvera. Zvisinei, masangano anodzikamisa mutemo anodzivisa kunzvera ugandanga, kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwavana, uye dzimwe mhaka dzakakomba. Kuedza kweFBI kumanikidza kuti vabudire kuvhura San Bernarofdo, iPhone yakasimbisa rwisano yeSan . Makambani ezvokubhajekesa navanotsigira zvakavanzika zvechivandeka vanoramba kuti kushatisa mashoko ouganda kushatiswa navatambi vose, kwete zviremera zvapamutemo. Kurangarira kwacho kunopfuurira pamusoro “pazaruvatema kana kuti kudzoka shure kwechidziro. Kushatiko, uko nyanzvi dzinotaura kuti kuchengeteka chapamusoro.

Kupa mutemo wakadai seKudzorwa kwemitemo yeEU ndokukarakadza mitemo yeUnited States yakadai seEARN IT kunotsvaka kuisa misengwa pazvikuva kuti aone zviri mukati zviri kunze kwemutemo, pane dzimwe nguva pachishandiswa kunyora mashoko enhema.

Kuzivikanwa Uye Kuzvidavirira

Kusazivikanwa paIndaneti kwakagonesa kuratidzira kwakasununguka kuavo vanorarama muhurumende dzinodzvinyirira kana kuti kutarisana nenyasha dzenzanga. Kunobvumira vapfuri veriva kufumura chakaipa pasina kutya kutsiva. Kunyange zvakadaro kusazivikanwa kunopfavisawo kunetesa kunetswa, kurovha, uye kupesana. Vamwe vanotaura kuti kukumbira kunyoresa zita chairoiro kungaderedza kubatwa zvisina kufanira, asi ufakazi hunoratidza kuti kunogona kunyaradza mapoka ane ngozi uye kuderedza maonero akaderera. Chinetso ndechekugadzira masangano anobvumira kukanganisa uku kuri kubvumira kuzvidavirira kwetsika dzinokuvadza / somuenzaniso, kupfurikidza nokuratidza kuti zviito zvakati (g.g., kuisa mashoko anoshandiswa) asi achichengetedza kukanganisa kukanganisa kukanganisa zvinotaura vanhu vose.

Mapract akaita seReddit naTutter anobvumira vashandisi kusarudza mazita enhema, nepo vamwe vakafanana naFacebook vakada mazita chaiwoiwo munhau. Muitiro chaiwoiwo wezita wakatarisana nokutsiva vanhu vasina maremidhi ehurumende, akadai sevanhu vanodzorwa kana kuti avo vanotiza kubatwa zvisina kufanira kwemhuri. Kunetsa pakati pekusimbisa nokusazivikanwa kwamashoko kunoramba kuri nhau huru yerusununguko rwevagari vemo.

Kusimbisa Kodzero Dzemagetsi: Nzira Iri Kupfuura

Kudzivirira rusununguko rwevagari vemo muzera remichina kunoda chiito chakarongeka mumativi akawanda. Vanhu vamwe navamwe vanogona kutora matanho okudzivirira kuva kwavo voga(kushandisa maapps), maapps anonyorwa pafoni sesignal, uye kuwedzerwa kwezvikwangwani zvinovhara mikoto. Zvisinei, kuchinja kwegadziriro yokugadzira zvinhu kunodikanwa kuva nechokwadi chokuti idzi kodzero dzinoremekedzwa nokusarongwa. Kurumbidza kukuru kunosanganisira:

  • yakakwana mitemo yemashoko inodzivirira - mitemo yapachivande yamarudzi yakafanana neGDPR kana kuti California Consumer Answers Act (CPA) inofanira kugamuchirwa munyika yose, nemiitiro yakasimba yokuita kuti zvinhu zviitwe uye kodzero dzakavanzika dzechiito.
  • Kuwedzera kujeka kunobva kumakambani echenjedzo – Kuwadzanyura mitoo yemiunganidzwa yemahwendefa, kuita miraundi yemitemo, uye miitiro yezvirimo yomwero.
  • [[NHAU: 0] Kunyora nokunyora - Dzidzo pamusoro pekodzero dzakavanzika, kunzvera kwokungwarira mashoko paIndaneti, uye kunzwisisa mashandiro emavara okunzwisisa anofanira kubatanidzwa munhimbe dzechikoro nedzevoruzhinji.
  • Hurukuro yavose pamusoro perusununguko rwevagari vemo - Vaiti vemiitiro yemitemo inofanira kubatanidzwa navachengeti vemitengo yakasiana - siana yenzanga yavanhu seAmerican Civil Liberies Union (] ACLU)) uye EFFF__to miitiro yakadzikama.
  • [ Spectopywory nemidziyo isingazivikanwi [[[FL:1]] - Hurumende dzinofanira kudzivisa kukumbira kupinda uye panzvimbo pezvo kuisa mumitoo yapamutemo yokunzvera isingasekesi chengeteko yavose.

Kugadzirwa kwezvinhu nemakombiyuta hakuna kumira panzvimbo imwe chete; ruzivo rutsva rwakadai souchenjeri hwokugadzira zvinhu, zvinhu chaizvoizvo, uye kuongorora zvinhu kuchakonzera zvinetso zvitsva.

mhedziso

Zera remichina rakaunza mikana inoshamisa yebatano, mano okuita zvinhu, uye kukwanisa kuwana mashoko. Kunyange zvakadaro rakaparirawo zviteshi zvisina muenzaniso nokuda kwokunzvera, kunzvera, uye kudzora. Rusununguko rwevagari vemo (hwunosarudzwa) uye kutaura kwakasununguka hazvingoerekani zvachengetwa pakati pazvo (_hazvingoerekani; zvinoda dziviriro yamaune kupfurikidza nomutemo, gadziriro younyanzvi, uye kuvimbisana kwehurumende. Savazivi vemiitiro, tinofanira kuvaka nekodzero dzinoedzwa. Savagadziri vemitengi, tinofanira kugadzirisidzira mitemo inochinjirwa kupfurikidza nechinjo yokuchinja pasina miraudzo inogarira. Tinogona bedzi kuvimbisa kuti nguva yemberi yetsika ndeyerusununguko rwechokwadi nechiremera nokuda kwavose.