Kurondedzera Kujeka Musekete Ravose

Nhano dzokuona mativi akasiana kubva panzvimbo yakaisvonaka kuva chinhu chikuru chehurumende inotonga yazvino uno. Pakuoneka kwayo kwakapfava, kwechikamu chavose kunoreva kuti zviito zvehurumende, zvisarudzo, uye kushandiswa kwemari yavose zvakavhurika kunzvera navagari vemo, zvinobudisa nhau, uye nzanga yavagari vemo. Uku kujeka hakusati kuri bedzi pamusoro pokuisa magwaro paIndaneti yeIndaneti. Inobatanidza kuvapo kwechirevo chakajeka, nguva, uye mashoko anoshanda ayo anobvumira vanhu kunzwisisa kuti zvisarudzo zvinotapura sei upenyu hwavo. Kana hurumende dzichiva novururamisiro: vagari vemo vanogona kunzvera, kuraira, kutsanangura, uye kupesvedzera nguva yemberi. Muuyo unova mutevero mukuru, unozvidavirira, uye chishandiso chomugariro chakavimbika.

Zvisinei, kujeka hachisi chigadziko asi muitiro unopfuurira. Kunoda kurongwa kwapamutemo kwakajeka, kuchengetwa kwapamutemo, uye tsika dzinokoshesa kuva pachena pachivande. Mumakumi maviri amakore apfuura, nyika kupota nyika dzakashandisa mhatsa huru yezvishandiso zvokuratidza, kubva kurusununguko rwemitemo kusvikira kumitemo yokuronga mari. Idzi nhamburiko dzakasundwa nokuziva kukura kuti hurumende dzakajeka dzinobereka kukwaniriswa nousha, nepo dzinojeka dzinokwezva kuiswa kwemari, kuvandudza kuiswa kwebasa, uye kutungamirira vagari vemo.

Mhaka Yendangariro Nenoshanda yeHurumende Yakazaruka

Kuzvidavirira Kunopfuura Kusarudzwa

Kuona chitarisiko kunosimbisa zvakananga kuzvidavirira kupfurikidza nokukuita kuti kuve nyore kuronda kuti ndiani akaita chisarudzo, nei, uye nemiuyoi. Vakuru vakuru navashandi vehurumende vanofuratirwa vane bviro huru yokuita mufariro yavose apo vanoziva zviito zvavo zvichaoneka. Somuenzaniso, munyika dzinobudisa mashoko chaiwoiwo enhau, kukumbira kwamakwikwikwi kunoderedza ngozi yokusagona kuonekwa uye zvibvumirano zvokuwedzera. Uku kuoneka kunochinja kuva kwokuzvidavirira kubva mukunzvera kwenhambo nenhambo yechisarudzo kuva chinhu chezuva nezuva.

Kuvaka Nokutsigira Chivimbo

Kuvimba nehurumende kwaderera munyika dzakawanda mumakumi amakore achangobva kupfuura aya. Kuona chitarisiko ndechimwe chezvishandiso zvine simba zvikuru zvokuvakazve chivimbo ichocho. Apo vagari vemo vanogona kuona kuti mari yemitero inopedzerwa sei, kuti mitemo inotangwa sei, uye kuti zvichemo zvinopedzwa sei, vane bviro huru yokurangarira hurumende seyakarurama neyakakwana. Hurumende dzinoratidza pachena dzinokombawo kuva nemwero yakakwirira yokuteerera mitero yokuzvidira nokutora rutivi kwenzanga, kuchiparira nhambo yakanaka yokuvimbisana nokuvimba.

Kunyengera uye Kushandisa Zvisina Kufanira Simba

Uori hunobudirira murima. Kupfurikidza nokuda vakuru vakuru kuzivisa zvinhu, kubudisa manyorero erwisano, uye zvinyorwa zvemisangano pachena kuvanhu, nhano dzokuona napamberi dzinoparira mhoteredzo umo uori hwakaoma kuvanza. Transpancy International[ chirongwa chinoratidzira kuti nyika dzine gadziriro dzakasimba dzokutarisira, dzakadai semasangano anozvimirira anonzvera uye masangano akasununguka, nguva dzose nzvimbo yakaderera pamifungo yemipimo youori. Kuzarura kunoshanda sechidziro, nemhaka bedzi yengozi yokufukukura zvikuru.

Kupa Simba Mugari Wemo Akadzidziswa

Vagari vemo vanoshingaira, vanoziva vanokosha kuhurumende inotonga zvakanaka. Kuedza kwokuona mativi emitemo kunobatsira kuti mapepa anowanikwa anokwanisa kushandiswa nevanhu kuti atsigire kuchinja, kutanga mabhizimisi, kana kuti kuita kuti vamiririri vapi vapi vapindure. Dare reOECD Rinovhura [ rinosimbisa kuti mashoko akasununguka padzidzo, utano, uye masangano anobvumira mapoka enzanga kuziva mikana yokuchinja zvinhu. Mukubudirira havasi vagamuchiri vemabasa anoitwa nehurumende yehurumende yehurumende inoshandira pamwe chete.

Marudzi Makuru Okutanga Kuona Zvakanaka

Kuedza kuona zviri kuitika mazuva ano kunoitwa mumarudzi akawanda, chimwe nechimwe chichirwisa chimwe chinhu chakasiyana - siyana chinoitwa nehurumende.

Magetsi Aiva Panze uye Madanho

Hurumende munyika yose dzakatanga zvikamu zvemikoto yapakati zvinobudisa mashoko emari, zvibvumirano, mitemo, nhamba dzoutsotsi, mavara emhoteredzo, nezvimwe zvakawanda. United States’s DAT.gov akanga ari pakati peyokutanga, achiteverwa namasuo akafanana muUK, Canada, France, uye dzimwe nyika dzakawanda. Iyi mipimo yemipimo yemakombiyuta (CSV, JSON, API aunder), ichiita kuti ishandezve navatori venhau, vafambi, uye vanzveri. Chinetso chivero ndechinosabudiswa bedzi asi inochengetwa asi inoiswa mumazuva anodiwa nevashandi.

Rusununguko Rwemashoko Nokuwana Mitemo Yemashoko

Dzinopfuura nyika 120 zvino dzine chimiro chakati chorusununguko rwamashoko (FOI). Iyi mitemo inopa vagari vemo maruramiro apamutemo okukumbira magwaro namanyoro kubva kumasangano avose, nokusiyana kwakamanikana nokuda kwechengeteko yorudzi nokuva voga. Rusununguko rwamashoko rwaUK rwaMazita 2000 muenzaniso unokosha: runofukidza zviremera zvavose zvinopfuura 100 000 uye rwave ruchishandiswa kufumura tsvina, kukundikana kwemiitiro, uye kukumbira pachivande. Zvisinei, FOI inoshanda inotsamira pakuzivisa nokuzvimirira uye masangano amashoko akasununguka anogona kumanikidza kuzviisa pasi.

Kuronga Mari Kwavose Nokuona Mashandiro Azvo

Kutanga kwakadai sokushandisa mari yokuoneka munyika dzose uye mabhajeti okuvhura bhajeti kunopa vagari vemo hwindo mumabhadharo anoitwa uye mashandisirwe azvo. Internationalwitch yeBankial Paramendi yeBhault Survey yeHlamu ye inoita miitiro yokuona zviri pachena munyika dzose. Hurumende dzinobudisa mari inodzorwa noushamwari yemari inopfupikisa, kuhwirudzura kwegore rapakati pegore, uye mishumo yokuongorora mari inogonesa vanhu. MuBrazil, bhajeti rokubhajeka rakabatana mumaguta sePorto Alegrecre yakabvumira vagari kuti vasa pamite zvinhu zvinokosha, kuwedzera zvose zviri zviviri kuonekana uye kunyora pasi.

Kuwana Marekodhi eDare NePurogiramu Dzemitemo

Kuona chitarisiko hakuna kuganhurirwa kubazu guru. Nyika zhinji zvino nharo dzeparamende, kubudisa marekodhi okuvhota, uye kuita kuti kutonga kwedare kuvepo paIndaneti. Kutanga kweruramisiro, kwakadai sokutepfenyura kwekutonga kweDare Rapamusorosoro muUnited States neUK, kunobvumira vagari vemo kuona kuti mitemo inoturikirwa sei uye inoshandiswa. Uku kuoneka kunosimbisa chivimbo mudare redare rehurumende uye kunobetsera kuvimbisa kushandiswa kwenguva dzose kwomutemo.

Seti Gurusa reRegistration neBhaubhiri reInternat-Conflict-of registers

Kubvunza vakuru vakuru vehurumende kuti vazivise zvinhu zvavo, mari, uye kurwisana kungangovapo kwezvinodiwa kuti vaone zvinhu nenzira yakananga. Nyika dzakadai seGeorgia, Indonesia, neLatvia dzakagadzira mapepa epaIndaneti anogona kutsvakwa nevagari vemo. Masangano aya anoita kuti zvive nyore kuziva pfuma isingatsananguriki uye kuita kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vazvidavirire kuita mabasa angasabatsira munhu oga. Kupa chirango chinenge chatoda kuzivikanwa kuti vadzivise kutaura kwenhema.

Zviitiko Zvinokosha Zvenhau uye Kushanduka - shanduka Kwemazuva Ano

Kuvavarira kuona kwehurumende kune mavambo akadzika. Vafungi ve 18 veChikwikwi cheKujekeswa vakatsigira kuwanwa kwavanhu vose kumashoko ehurumende secherekedzo paBsolutism. Rusununguko rweSweden rwePress Act ye1766, iyo yakasimbisa kuwanwa kwavanhu vose kuzvinyorwa zvapamutemo, inowanzorangarirwa kuva mutemo wokutanga wenyika weFOI. Muzana ramakore rechi20, Freedom of Information Act yeUnited States yakava muenzaniso wenyika yose, inoteverwa nokuparadzirwa kwemitemo yekodzero yokuziva mu 1990 ne 2000.

Kuchinja kwemichina kwakachinja kuoneka kubva papepa, kuita kuti pave nechirongwa chinoshanda, chedata-driven. Kutanga kwe Open Government Pardateshiship (OGP) muna 2011 kwakaratidza nguva yokuchinja: nyika 78 dzinoita zvirongwa zvechirongwa chenyika zvinobatanidza zvirongwa zvakati kuti uone. Mitezo yeOGP inovakirwa nesangano revagari vemo rinoona fambiro mberi. Mubatanidzwa wacho wakawedzera kugamuchirwa kwevhooki, kunyorwazve kwapavhuro, uye kuvhura mashoko okukosha.

Nguva pfupi yapfuura, denda reCOVID rakaratidza kuoneka. Hurumende dzakamanikidzwa kubudisa mashoko ezvipo zvemishonga yekurumidziro, kuzivisa kugoverwa kwemajekiseni, uye kugovera mashoko ezvokuuraya. Murakatira wacho wakaratidza pachena simba remashoko akavhurika (zvikurukuru, majekiseni okuongorora mwero yehosha) uye kushayikwa kwemashoko ezvipatara (zvikurukurukuru, kushayikwa kwemashoko ezvisaririra zvezvipuko).

Kuongorora Nyaya Kunoitwa

United States: Data.gov uye Kutanga Kwekuziva

Yatangwa muna 2009, Data.gov inoisa mashoko ehurumende ane chokuita nokurima, mamiriro okunze, dzidzo, utano, nezvimwe zvakawanda. Chikuva zvinochigamuchira mapepa anopfuura 200 000 uye chinotsigira API kuti ashandiswe panguva chaiyo. Mugumisiro mukuru ndewokuziviswa kwemajeri ezvemari neIndaneti yeFederal Econstruction Commission, iyo vatori venhau namapoka anorinda vanoongorora kuti vakurudzire. Zvisinei, zvinetso zvinosara: madata akawanda haashandi, uye kushandira pamwe chete mumasangano omubatanidzwa kunopesana.

United Kingdom: Muitiro Worusununguko Rwemashoko Mumuitiro

FOIA yeUK yakaita zviuru zvezvikumbiro gore rimwe nerimwe, kubva kumasangano omunzvimbomo eruwa kuWhitehall. Hofisi yeInformation Commissioner inogovera bvumirano yakazvimirira. Huru hweproject inobatanidza Office] Cabinet yedzero dzomukati[ nokubudiswa kwemitero yeMP, uko kwakatungamirira kutsoropodzo huru negadziridzo dzinotevera. Pasinei zvapo nokubudirira kwayo, vatsoropotedzi vanocherekedza kuti reza uye kunyanyoshandiswa kwekushambadzwa kwekushambadzwa kwezvibharo, zvikurukuru nokuda kwechito chesimba chomutemo.

Kenya: Kubatanidzwa Kwemashoko Nekutsigira Mugari Wemo

Kenya yakatanga Dare rayo rePhokoso rePrecion partoal muna 2011, yakafuridzirwa neFoom yeUS. Yakatanga kubudiswa yakaratidza kuti mashoko okuvhura mashandiro emari, nzvimbo dzezvipatara, uye nhamba dzedzidzo. Mapoka enzanga avagari vemo akadai se TWAuza[ aishandisa mashoko kuongorora mari inoshandiswa munyika yoga yoga ndokuita kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vemo vazvidavazvidadzo. Chinoitika chacho chakaratidza kuti mashoko okuzarura oga haakwanisi kusvitsa `* chivako chavagari vemo chokunzwisisa nokushandisa mashoko anokosha zvakafanana. Kenya pakupedzisira yakabatanidza mashoko akazaruka muzvirongwa zvawo

Brazil: Kubatanidzwa Mumari Yokushandisa Mari

Kubatanidzwa kwemari yakatengwa kwakatanga muPorto Alegre muna 1989 uye kubvira panguva iyoyo kwakapararira kusvika kuvanopfuura 1 500 vagari vemo munyika yose. MuPorto Alegre, vagari vemo vanovhota kuti vangagovera sei chikamu chemari yeguta, nemisangano inoitwa muvavakidzani kuti vakurukure zvinhu zvinokosha. Iyi nzira yakabatanidza nokuwedzera kwetsandaro yavose muutsanana, imba, uye dzidzo, uyewo kutora zvinhu zvakanakisisa. Kunzvera kunoitwa ne Bank World[ inoratidza kuti mari yokushandisa mari yokushandisa mari inogona kuvandudza migumisiro yokudzora kana yagadzirwa zvakanaka nemitemo yakajeka.

Mhinganidzo Dzokushandisa

Pasinei zvapo nebetsero dzakajeka, nhano dzokuona dzinotarisana nemhepo dzinopfuurira. Mhinganidzo imwe huru kudziviswa kwezvamatongerwe enyika: vakuru vakuru vangarangarira kujeka setyisidziro kukudzorwa kwavo pamashoko nezviwanikwa. Muhurumende dzakawanda, tsika dzebasa ravagari vemo dzinoramba dziri tsvuku, nesundo duku yokuzivisa mashoko nenzira inoshanda. Nharo dzakavanzika dzemifungo dzinoparirawo kunyanduka / kuisa mashoko okushandisa kwapachena panzvimbo yavose kunofanira kudzikamiswa mukudzivirira mashoko omunhu oga, zvakadai samazita evagari vemo nekero mumanyuko okugadzira zvinhu.

Kuganhurirwa kwemanyuko idenho huru. Kuvaka nokuchengeta masuo emashoko akajeka kunoda vashandi vane unyanzvi, mapurogiramu ekombiyuta, uye bhajeti inopfuurira. Munyika dzinosvika, hurumende dzinowanzoshaiwa shongwe dzezvirongwa zvekunyora mashoko, zvisatongoabudisa mumafashoni anodzokororwa. Pasina kutsaurirwa kwemari, masuo okuoneka nokukurumidza anova ava echinyakare kana kuti asina kukwana. Pakupedzisira, kushaikwa kwokuziva vanhu kunoderedza kunyange zviito zvakanakisisa: vagari vemo vangasaziva kodzero yavo yokukumbira mashoko kana kuti kukwanisa kupinda nayo paIndaneti. Pasina kukumbira, kuoneka kuzviisa pangozi yokuita zvinhu panzvimbo yokushandura.

Zvirongwa Zvokuchinja Zvinhu Zvinobatsira

Kubva pakuzviisa pasi penzvimbo yapamusoro kwokuva vakasununguka kwechokwadi, hurumende nenzanga dzehurumende zvinogona kushandisa zvirongwa zvinoverengeka zvakabvumikiswa:

  • Kuzivisa kwokuzvidira: Panzvimbo pokumirira FOI kukumbira, hurumende dzinofanira kubudisa nguva dzose mapepa anokosha ($mapepa, mabhajeti, mishumo yenzvero) neasingaitwi. National Irenational Platform[ inoda masangano ehurumende kubudisa musengwa wavanhu kupfurikidza nokuzvidira.
  • Kutanga munhamba dzokuverenga nokunyora nokuwedzera: Kuona zviri pachena kunoshanda bedzi kana vanhu vachigona kukushandisa. Hurumende dzinofanira kubatira pamwe neraibhurari, nzvimbo dzamagariro, uye zvikoro kurovedza vagari vemo mukuwana nokududzira mashoko avose. Kupeta kwemitauro yomumajeni uye mabhodhi ezviono zvinogona kuderedza mhinganidzo kukupinda.
  • Kutarisira kwokuzvimirira kunosimbisa: mahofisi eInformation, mahofisi emitemo, uye masangano makurusa okunzvera kunofanira kuva nezviwanikwa nesimba rapamutemo kuti vamanikidze misengwa yokuona. Anofanira kudzivirirwa padzongonyedzo yezvamatongerwe enyika ndokupiwa mirairo yakajeka yokuranga kusava kwediso.
  • Shandisa ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu kurerutsa maFOI: Mubatanidzwa wekukumbira, kufora, uye kutora michina kunogona kuderedza kunonoka. Nyika dzakafanana neEstonia dzakaita gadziriro imwe yokuzivisa mashoko inobvumira vagari vemo kutumira FOI uye kuinyora munguva chaiyo.
  • Kushanda nenzanga yavagari vemo inorinda: Masangano asiri ehurumende anowanzobatira semibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa, kushandura mashoko akaoma kupinda munhau dzinorwiswa. Hurumende dzinogona kuita nzvimbo dzakarongwa apo mapoka enzanga avagari vemo anohwirudzura manyorerwo emashoko uye anokarakadza mashoko matsva.
  • Kuisa pachena mumari nemubhadharo: Kubatanidza mashoko akazaruka zvakananga kuzvinoitika zvinoita zvisarudzo (somuenzaniso, kubudisa bvumirano yemigumisiro minyoro pamberi pemubayiro(____3] inobvumira vakwikwidzani navaongorori kuona zvinhu zvisina kururama nokukurumidza.

Kuyera Kunoita Kuona Zvakanaka

Kufunga kana nhano dzokuona kuchivandudzika zvirokwazvo kudzora kunokosha. Mitemo inobatanidza nhamba dzematai anobudiswa, FOI inokumbira mari yokushandisa, kuisa bhajeti yemari mumireza, uye uwandu hwemifungo yokunzwisisa kwouori. Zvisinei, migumisiro yepashure yakaoma kuyera. Somuenzaniso, inovhura mashoko pamusoro pokuita kwechikoro chaizvoizvo anotungamirira kumiuyo yedzidzo iri nani? Ufakazi hwapakuvamba kubva ku Menkin Economic Review[ inokarakadza kuti kujeka kwoga hakufaniri kuenzaniswa nokukwanisa kuita chimwe chinhu pamashoko (g., chisarudzo chomubereki kana kuti dzvinyiriro yenzanga).

Irefectures, dzakadai seizvo zvinoitiswa neInternational Bacculvenership, tsvaka kana nyika dzichibudisa magwaro emari ebhajeti nomutoo wakakodzera nguva uye weshamwari yevagari vemo. Nenzira yakafanana, Shanduro yeTemby yeSabata inoyera kupedziswa, kujeka, uye simba remazita ehurumende. Maturusi aya anobvumira vachinji kufambira mberi, kuziva miganhu, uye kumanikidza kuti vagadziridze kosi.

Miitiro Yenguva Yemberi: Kuoneka Muzera Ramadhigirii

Kutarira mberi, miitiro inoverengeka ichaumba chizvarwa chinotevera chenhano dzokuona. Ungwaru hwokugadzira nokugadzirwa kwomutauro womusikirwo zvinogona kubetsera vagari vemo kusarura magwaro egadziriro kana kuti kutora mashoko makuru muzviuru zvendima muzvibvumirano. Blockchains dziri kuongororwa nokuda kwemitemo yokuchinja nyika uye zvinyorwa zvakachengetedzwa. Panguva imwe cheteyo, kukura kwemascread reconformation nealgametic Control kunofanira kuva nezvinetso zvitsva: Kujeka kunofanira kutambanukira kunzira uko hurumende dzinofanira kushandisa maaunzirosai mukuita chisarudzo (g. g., edigatibility, polificity).

Vhomuwe reGovernment Transparency ichangobva kutanga denho yeHurumende ivhu" kuti ikurumidze misengwa mururamisiro, mamiriro okunze, uye uori. Kuona kuchava kwakabatanazve nezvimwe zvidzoro zvokudzora, zvakadai sezvinyorwa zvinobetsera zvokuva nechetesi zvinozivisa vanhu secheseri kwamakambani esheketi. Kuwedzera kubatana kwedandemutande reProm , mari yezvamatongerwe enyika, uye kunyoresa mapepa , zvinoumba urongwa hwokuvanda - zvinovandika izvo zvakaomera vatambi vakashata kuvhura.

Pakupedzisira, basa revagari vemo richapfuurira kushanduka kubva pakugamuchira mashoko akavhurika kuenda kumichina inoshanda uye inotumira zvirongwa zvokuona. Kuongorora vagari vemo, uko vazvipiri venzanga vanoratidza chipikirwa muUganda nePhilippines. Sezvo ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu ruchideredza mutengo wokushandira pamwe, muganhu pakati pehurumende nevagari vemo uchajeka, zvichiita kuti zvinhu zvipenyu zvisada kuzvidavirira kune simba uye kuzvinhu zvipenyu.

mhedziso

Nhano dzokuratidzira dzakabva mudanho rehurumende yakanaka kugadziriro huru yokusimudzira kuzvidavirira, ruvimbo, uye dzokudzora kunobudirira. Kupfurikidza nemirau yemitemo, FOI, bhajeti yemari, uye midziyo yemichina, hurumende dzinogona kusimbisa mabasa adzo ndokuita kuti pave noutariri hwavanhu vose. Asi kujeka hakusati kuri chinhu chemagaswo, chinoda mari inotsigirwa, uye kuvimbisa vagari vemo kuti vape migumisiro chaiyo. Nzira yemberi inobatanidza kusangobudisa mijenya yakawanda, asi kuvimbisa kuti mashoko anogoneka, anobatira, uye akabatanidzwa mukuita zvitengoso zvavo. Pakuitwa zvakarurama, kushandura ukama pakati pehurumende nenzanga, kuisa nheyo yechinhu chakarurama.