Kuverenga kwapanguva ino ndeimwe yemiitiro inoitika zvikuru yokubatanidza mashoko inoitiswa nehurumende yeUnited States. Makore gumi oga oga, Dare reCensus rinoedza kuverenga munhu wose anogara munyika yacho, muitiro unosarudza kukwirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika uye kuparadzirwa kwemazana emabhirioni emadhora mumari inotsigirwa nehurumende. Pakati penzvimbo dzinonetsa zvikurusa dzinotapurwa nemigumisiro yokufamba. Kubva pamamiriro emigwagwa yomunzvimbomo kusvika pakuwanika kwezvifambiso zvavose, kururama kwokuverenga vanhu kunopesvedzera zvakananga zvinhu zvinogamuchirwa nenzanga nokuda kwokuvaka, kuchengeta, uye kufambidzana kwemazuva ano. Kana kutora rutivi rwakaderera kana kuti kuverenga kwacho kwakaipa, migumisiro inoitika kupfurikidza norudzi rwuri rwose rwezvifambiso, kutapura kuchengeteko, mukana, uye upenyu.

Basa Renhamba Yegore Negore Munzvimbo Yedu Yedu Yokugara

Chiverengero cheU.S. chinorairwa neBumbiro reMitemo uye chinobatira sehwaro nokuda kwokudzora kwakaenzana. Nhamba yavanhu yakabva mukuverengwa kwavanhu inoshandiswa kugovera zvigaro muImba yaVamiririri uye kunyora maruwa akasarudzwa paruwa nemwero yomunzvimbomo. Asi zvinokosha zvakafanana ibasa rokuverenga mapepa mukuparadzirwa kwemari yehurumende. Mukuwirirana ne Census Bureau Bureault, inopfuura $1,5 000 000 000 000 mumari inodzorwa muhurumende gore rimwe nerimwe inotungamirirwa nezviverengero zvemitengo yavanhu. Iyi mari inotsigirwa kubva kuMidhidhi nechikoro kusvikira kukuvakwa kwapasurusai.

Kufamba zvakananga, mashoko okuverenga vanhu anoitwa muzvinhu zvinosarudza kuti mari inofamba sei kubva kuWashington kuenda kunyika, maguta, uye hurumende dzomunzvimbomo. Nhengo huru dzemashoko dzinosanganisira uwandu hwevagari vemo, uwandu hwevagari vemo, magariro edzimba, uye nhamba dzemhuri dzisina kukwanisa kuwana motokari. Zvikamu izvi zvinobva pakuverenga vanhu kwedeclium uyewo kubva kuAmerican Community Survey (ACS), kuongorora kunopfuurira kunowedzera kuverengwa kwevanhu nemashoko ane udzame hwemari. Pasi pokuvaramwa kwakarurama, zvigadzirwa zvemichina zvinopa mari zvinoiswa pavhu inongovakwa pasi pano.

Kutsamira Kwakaita Mabhuku Anoshandiswa Pakuwana Zvezvifambiso

Ruzhinji rwemari yezvokufambisa yehurumende inobvumirwa kupfurikidza neIJA (Ija) Act yeIfrastre Investicement and Jobs Act uye inoparadzirwa kupfurikidza nepurogiramu dzakatangwa. Iyi mipimo inorongedzerwa kugovera zviwanikwa zvakavakirwa pakushaiwa, kushandiswa, uye chiverengero chavagari vemo. Gadziriro dzinokosha zvikurusa dzinobatanidza:

  • [[NTL:0] Zvirongwa zveTrust Suray Trust Fund (HTF):[FTF] Musimboti wemari yemugwagwa mukuru, HTF inoparadzira mari kuzivisa kupfurikidza neNational Highway Performation Program (NHP), Surace SurTranscation orgbt Grant Program (STBP), uye Highway Safety Repution Program (HSIP). Zvose izvozvi zvinotsamira pavagari vemo, mamaira, uye mafiti emotokari zvakafamba — nhamba dzinobva mumishumo yezviverengero.
  • Federal Transit Administration (FTA) Formula Grants:[[FT.1] Urbated Areated Program (Kuwedzera 5307) uye Kushambadza Kuwedzera kwaMamongi kwaveveridziria neveMbevarira neProgram (Kuverenga 5310) inoshandisa nhamba dzechiverengero chavagari vemo kubva mukuverenga kwapadekitarisiti kuti aronge masangano mumaguta emitengo yakasiana. Nzanga inorangarirwa ingarongwa kuva bhurokwa munharaunda duku yeguta, inorasikirwa nokusvika kumamirioni amadhorandi mumusha uye tsigiro.
  • Condestion Mitigation na Serity Moyer Service Program: Iyi purogiramu inoda nzvimbo dzisina kusvika mipimo yemhepo yenyika. Nzira yokushandisa mari inobatanidza mashoko avagari vemo kubva pakuverengwa kwevanhu kuti vazive nzvimbo dzinodiwa. Chiverengero chemitemo yemhepo chingava nezvitatiso zvine ruvara rwakaisvonaka uye kuderedza mari yezvirongwa zvokufambisa mhepo zvakachena.
  • .Transportation Alternatives Program (TAP): Inoshandiswa nokuda kwenzira dzebhasikoro, gadziriro dzezvifambiso, uye nzira dzenhandaro, mari yeTAP inogoverwa kunyika dzakavakirwa pachiverengero chavagari vemo. Nhamba dzakaderera dzinoreva madhora mashoma nokuda kwezvirongwa zvokufambisa zvinoshingaira, izvo zvinowanzova zvinotsoropodza munzanga dzinochengetwa.

Kupfuura iyi nzira yakananga, mashoko anopesvedzerawo kugoverwa kwemari yemabasa okufambisa omumaruwa, kuvandudza kwapachiteshi chenjanji, uye zviteshi zvezviteshi zvengarava. U.S. Dhipatimendi reNhamba [ inosimbisa zvakajeka kuti ukoshi hwechiverengero chavanhu chakarurama hunokosha nokuda kwokuronga uye kutsigira mari zvirongwa zvokufambisa izvo zvinosvitsa zvinodikanwa zvavagari vemo vanokura uye vanochinja.

Migumisiro Yokuwana Zvinhu Zvishoma Nokuda Kwezvirongwa Zvezvokufambisa

Kana kuverenga vanhu kwakaderera, migumisiro inovapo inogona kuva nemigumisiro yakakomba uye inogarisa nokuda kwezvokufambisa. Nzanga dzine urombo hwakakwirira, chiverengero chavagari vemo chiduku, kana kuti vakurukuri vasiri veEngland sezvingabvira zvikuru munhau kushayikwa nokuverengwa kwavanhu. Ikoku kunoparira nhambo inotyisa: nharaunda dzinowanwa mari shoma nehurumende, izvo zvinoparira kuderera kwepfuma uye kunaka kwoupenyu.

Somuenzaniso, nzvimbo yeguta inosangana ne2% yemambure inogona kurasikirwa nemamiriyoni mumugwagwa mukuru uye nzira dzokufambisa dzinopa mari kwegumi remakore. Iyi migove iyi inodzorwa nokuti nzira dzokushandisa mari dzinowanzoshandisa mashoko achangopfuura nguva yose kusvikira pakuverengwa kwevanhu kunotevera, kureva chikanganiso muna 2020 chinokanganisa mari inotsigirwa kubva muna 2022 kusvika muna 2032. Munguva iyoyo, migwagwa ingaderera pasina kuvhura, nzira dzemabhazi dzingatemwa, uye zvirongwa zvitsva zverabhu zvinganonoka kana kuti zvingabviswa nemhaka yemari inoenderana nechinhu chimwe chete.

Mienzaniso Yenyika Chaiyoiyo Yemisiano Yokushandisa

Nzvero dzenhau dzakaitwa kubva pakuverengwa kwavanhu dzakapfuura dzinoratidzira ngozi. Pashure penhamba ya2010, guta reDetroit rakatarisana nokuderera kwechiverengero chavagari vemo uko kwakarekodwa pamutemo, asi vakawanda vanotsigira kupokana kwezviuru zvavagari vemo, zvikurukuru munharaunda dzinosvika dzakaoma. Somuuyo, guta racho raifanira kuderedza kufamba kwaro nemari inogadziridzwa panguva apo zvivako zvakanga zvatoparara. Nenzira yakafanana, maruwa ane mwero yakaderera yedavidzo muna 2010 akaona mikana yakaderedzwa nokuda kweRublic Transit Activeal Program, ichimanikidzira vamwe kubvisa mabasa aibatanidza vagari vemo nevemo.

Nzvero yakaitwa ne Office yeManongedzero yakawana kuti nhamba dzakaderera mu2020 Creasures dzakanga dzakakomba zvikuru pakati pavana vaduku, varendi, uye mhuri dzeHispanic. Nemhaka yokuti aya mapoka anovimbawo zvikuru nezvifambiso zvavose, kurasikirwa nemari kunotapura zvikuru avo vanoda gadziriro dzakasimba dzokufambisa.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvokuverenga Vanhu Nezvazvinoita Pakufamba Kwezvifambiso

Kunzwisisa kuti nei dzimwe nyika dzisingaverengeki kunobatsira kuti vanhu vawedzere kuverenga vanhu, uye kuti zvisave nyore kuzviita, zvinovaomera.

Kuvimba Nezvinonetsa Munhu Ari Oga

Kusavimbika kwehurumende chinhu chinokosha, zvikurukuru pakati penzanga dzavatami, vanhu vane ruvara, uye avo vakawana kuongororwa kana kuti rusaruro. Kuedza kwevatarisiri veTrump kuwedzera mubvunzo wougari hwemo pa 2020 Chuwarendi yakawedzerwa kuti mhinduro dzichashandiswa nokuda kwokuita kuti vanhu vatamire munyika. Kunyange zvazvo mubvunzo wacho wakavharwa, mugumisiro unotyisa wakapfuurira. Apo vanhu vanotya kuverenga vanhu, havangawanzovi nekamwero yokutora rutivi, uye mugumisiro wacho unoreva kurasikirwa nemari yezvokufambisa — mutengo chaiwo unowedzera kusavimba.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvomutauro Nezvokuzivikanwa

Kuparadzana kwemitauro ndechimwe chipingamupinyi chakaoma. Kuverengwa kwavanhu kunowanika mumitauro yakawanda, asi vakawanda vakabvunzwa nounyanzvi hushoma hwechiNgezi vachiri kurwisana nekombiyuta kana kuti nepepa. Munzvimbo umo mitauro isiri yechiNgezi inotaurwa pamusha, zvinenge zviri zvishoma. Masangano ezvokufambisa anowanzoshanda munzanga idzi, achigovera nzvimbo dzokuvakisa mabhazi nenzvimbo dzokufambisa idzo dzingagona kuva nzvimbo dzakakodzera nokuda kwekubetsera vanhu mumitauro yakawanda — asi kukurukurirana kwacho kunowanzoshayikwa.

Vanhu Vakaoma Kuverenga

Zviverengero zvakati zvakaoma zvikuru kurangarira: vanhu vasina misha, vanhu vanogara mumapoka, vashandi vanotama, uye avo vari munharaunda dzomumaruwa vasina kero dzemipimo. Nokuda kwavarongi vezvokufambisa, aya mapoka ariwo pakati pezvipo zvinotsamira pakufamba kwavose uye kusingapinzwa ndege. Vagari vasina misha vasina misha vanorasikirwa nemari nokuda kwenzvimbo dzokuvanda, migwagwa yokuwana mabasa, uye kunatsiridza chengeteko pedyo nemigwagwa umo vanhu vanogara vasina kutsarukana.

Zvirongwa Zvokuwedzera Kuwedzera Kubatanidzwa Muzvikamu Zvokufambisa

Nokuti mari yokufambisa yakabatana zvakananga nokuverenga vanhu zvakarurama, masangano ezvokufambisa, masangano okuronga zvinhu mumaguta (MPOS), uye maDOT ehurumende ane simba rokukurudzira vanhu kuti vaverenge.

Kubatana Nehurumende Nemasangano Ane Tsika Dzakachinjwa

Masangano okufambisa anotova nenzvimbo dzekurukurirano namamirioni avatasvi. Mukati mamakore okuverenga vanhu, masangano anogona kupa zvifambiso, zviratidzo zvepokutumira, uye kushandisa zviratidziro zvemitauro pamabhazi nezvitima kuyeuchidza vatasvi kupedza kuverenga. Mamwe masangano ezvifambi anotopa mitauro yapachena kumaraibhurari kana kuti nzvimbo dzomunharaunda umo betsero dzokuverenga vanhu dziripo. MPO, dzinobatanidza kuronga kwezvifambisoreso zvirefu mumativi ose, dzinogona kubatanidza kuverenga vanhu mumabasa avo okuvimbisana. Brookings Institution yacherekedza kuti kubatana kwakadaro kuripo kuti kuripo kuderera uye kunoshanda zvikuru pakusvika pakufamba kwavagari vemo vanofamba.

Kushandisa Mahotera Okufambisa Kuti Vazive Zvenhamba

Mipando yezvitima, zviteshi, uye nzvimbo dzepapaki nenhevedzo inzvimbo dzakakwirira umo kusimudzirwa kwavanhu kunogona kusvika kwakafara. Kugadza zviteshi zvokuverenga vanhu zvechinguvana zvine mahwendefa nevashandi vakarovedzwa (kutevera nhungamiro dzoutano hwavanhu) kunogona kutora mhinduro kuvanhu vangasatora. Muna 2020, maguta anoverengeka akaisa vamiririri veCensus Bureaual panzvimbo huru dzokufambisa, kuchiguma nezviuru zvekuwedzera. Maguta aya inzvimbowo anogarawo anozivikanwa nokuparadzira mashoko pamusoro poukoshingamira migwagwa yomunzvimbomo uye kufambiswa kwezvifambiso.

Unyanzvi Hwokushandisa Mashoko

Varongi vezvokufambisa vanogona kushandisa mashoko avo pachavo kuti vaone kuti nzvimbo dzacho ndedzipi nedzisina kuonekwa sevanhu vakawanda.

2020 Nhamba Nezvainetsa Kushandisa Zvezvifambiso

Chiverengero cha2020 chakatarisana nedenho dzisina kumboitika nemhaka yedenda reCOVID-19, ngwavaira dzomusikirwo, uye kudzongonyedzwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Mwero wedavidzo nokuda kwenhambo yokuzvideredza umene wakanga uri 66.5%, wakaderera kupfuura muna 2010 (76,3%). Pasinei zvapo nokutevera kukuru kwevarongi, nyanzvi dzinodavira kuti 2020 Census yakanga ine nhamba duku, zvikurukuru yavana, vatema navaSpain, uye vanhu vanogara mumaruwa.

Matambudziko Mukati Medenderedzwa ra2020

Dambudziko racho rakamanikidza Census Bureau kuti inonoze mabasa, uye kupfupiswa kwenguva yokugadzirwa kwemashoko kwakatungamirira kufunganya pamusoro pezvakanakira. Uyezve, kuedza kwevatungamiriri veTrump kusabatanidza vatami vasina kunyorwa kuti vaende kunzvimbo dzakagoverwa kwakaparira kuvhiringidzika nokutya. Masangano akawanda okufambisa akataura nezvokudiwa kwokuvara kwakakwana uye kwakarurama, asi mhoteredzo yakavhiringidza kuronga kufambira mberi kunobudirira.

Kugadziridza Nokuongorora Pashure Pekendi

Census Bureau inoshandisa nzvero yapashure pomubatanidzwa kuti iedze kuyera chikanganiso chokuvhara. Nzvero yapamberi yezvitsauko yakaratidza kuti vagari veSpain vaiva netava duku na 4,99%, nepo vagari vemo vezvichena vasiri veHispanic vaiva netavti inopfuvura 0.2%.2%. Zvikamu izvi zvichatapura mari yezvokufambisa muma20. Zviverengero zvavagari vemo vakakwirira veSpain vachawana mari shoma kupfuura zvavana kufanira, kuwedzera, zviripo. DOT. DOT yakabvuma iyi chinyorwa uye iri kurangarira nzira dzokuchinja kunyorwa kwemari inogamuchirwa nezvinozivikanwa, asi gadziridzwa uye nhau inodzo dzakaoma.

Kutarira Mberi: Chiverengero cha 2030 uye Kuronga Kwezvokufambisa

Ne2030 Census iri pajengachenga, vatengi vezvifambi vane mukana wokugadzirira. Nhanho huru dzinosanganisira kutsigira mari yakakwana yeTreasurence Bureau, kusimudzira zvirongwa zvokudavidza pachishandiswa mapepa paanenge achichengetedza mapepa anenge asina kuwanikwa paInternet, uye kuvaka kuvimba nokuvimbisana kwenzanga. Dare reCensus Bureaual riri kutoita nzvenga dzokushandisa marekodhi ehurumende nemamwe mashoko okuvandudza ururamiso, izvo zvingaderedza kuvimba nechinhu pachako. Zvisinei, nheyo inokosha inosara: munhu wose anopotsa mari shoma nokuda kwemigwagwa, mabharupidhi, mabhazi, uye zvitima zvinotsamira paari.

Vagadziri vezvokufambisa vanofanira kutanga vatanga nokubatanidza kuziva vanhu mukuita kuti vashande vose nguva dzose. Mashopu okushandira vanhu, kushandisa zvinobudisa nhau, uye kushandira pamwe nezvikoro uye masangano akavakirwa pakutenda zvinogona kuparira tsika yokutora rutivi. Kuwedzera, DOTs neMPOs vanogona kutora rutivi mupurogiramu yeCensus Communication of Censurection Adeses (LUCA) kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti ndaza yekero dzakarurama, zvichideredza nhamba yedzimba dzinoshayikwa.

Mugumo: Chikonzero Nei Mhinduro Iri Yose Ichikosha Nokuda Kwavaperekedzi Vako

Kubatana pakati pekuverenga vanhu uye zvirongwa zvezvifambiso kwakananga uye hakuverengeki. Munhu mumwe chete asingaverengeki angaratidzika kuva asingakoshi, asi muguta rose remamiriyoni, mugumisiro wacho unogona kusvitsa makumi emamiriyoni emadhora pakurasikirwa nemari gore negore. Mari yawakarasikirwa nayo inoshandura kuva zvikamu zvisina kuzara, nzira dzebhazi dzisingambogadziriki, migwagwa yebhasi isingambovaki, uye njanji dzisingagoni kukwirira. Kumunhu mumwe nomumwe, mugumisiro wacho inguva refu dzokufamba, mari yezvifambiso, uye zvifambiso zvishoma.

Kubatsira vanhu kuti vanyatsoverenga vanhu hakungovi basa rehurumende chete; ibasa rinoshanda rokuvaka nokuchengetedza gadziriro yokufambisa inoshandira vanhu vose vokuAmerica. Kuverenga vanhu kunotevera hakusi kure, uye basa rokuita kuti vanhu vazive, kuvaka, uye kubvisa miganhu inofanira kutanga iye zvino.