Bazu Romutemo Chii uye Nei Zvichikosha?

Bazu remitemo isimba rinogadzira mutemo rehurumende, rine mutoro wokunyora, kuitisana nharo, uye kuisa mitemo inodzora nzanga. MuUnited States, bazi iri rinobatanidzwa neCongress — chirongwa chebhidamaral chinoumbwa neImba yaVamiririri neDare. Muitiro mukuru uri wose kubva kumitero kuenda kumitemo yemhoteredzo unovamba semutemo mubazu rino, uchiriita injini imwe ine simba zvikurusa yechinjo mugadziriro yenyika.

Nepo bazu guru richiisa mutemo uye rinotsanangura matare emitemo, bazi remitemo roga rine simba rokunyora mitemo.zvinoreva anenge mativi ose oruzivo rwako rwezuva riri rose — kunaka kwemvura yako yomupombi, ganhuriro yokumhanya mumugwagwa wako, ndyiko yemirimo yako inotenderwa nemutemo, uye kunyange nguva yaunogara mairi — inogona kurondwa kudzokera kuchisarudzo chakaitwa navamiriri vako vakasarudzwa.

Kunzwisisa kuti Congress inoshanda sei hakusi kudzidziswa, asi kunokosha kuziva kuti inzwi rako rinoita sei pakutonga kwehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu uye kuti ungachinja sei mitemo ine chokuita nemhuri yako, basa rako, uye nzanga yako.

Basa Rebumbiro Remitemo

Dare reMitemo reU.S. rakatanga Article I , richiiita bazu rokutanga rehurumende kupfurikidza negadziriro. Vavambi vaida mutumbi wokuita mitemo uyo wakanga uchizvidavirira zvakananga kuvanhu, naizvozvo vakaupa gadziriro yakananga yamasimba anorongwa ndokuwedzera Chinodikanwa neChikafanira Claus kubvumira kuti Congress ichinjire kumigariro inochinja.

Masimba aya anosanganisira simba raainaro:

  • [[[FRATI: 0] Kudziridza nokuunganidza mitero[
  • [ Kupa hondo ndokusimudza mauto
  • [ Mari yakawandisa ndokuisa ukoshi hwayo[
  • [ Establish posts nemitemo yekodzero dzokuburitsa
  • Anoita matare ehurumende epasi

Nemhaka yokuti Bumbiro reMitemo rakagadzira noune gadziriro yechekerero nedzikamo, bazu remitemo rinewo masimba anotarisira pabazu guru.Congress inogona kunzvera masangano ehurumende, kusimbisa kana kuti kuramba kugadzwa kwapurezidhendi, uye vakuru vakuru vari vose vanoshandisa zvisina kufanira simba ravo. Uku kutungamirira kunotapura zvakananga vagari vemo apo, somuenzaniso, kunzwika kwedare kunofumura kundikano yekotsekano pasangano rinodzorwa kana kuti kutungamirira kukuchinja mumipimo yokunzvera zvokudya.

Kuvaka kweBidameral: Imba neDare

Misha miviri yeCongress yakagadzirirwa kumiririra vanhu munzira dzakasiyana - siyana, ichiva nechokwadi chokuti zvose zviri zviviri vanhu uye hurumende zvine zvazvinoreva pakugadzira mitemo.

Imba Yavamiriri

Imba iimba huru, ine mitezo yokuvhota 435 inogoverwa navagari vemo. Mutezo mumwe nomumwe unomirira ruwa rwavanhu vanenge 760 000 uye unobatira nhambo yamakore maviri. Nemhaka yokuti mashoko avo mapfupi, mitezo yeImba nguva dzose iri pedyo zvikuru navavhoti, ichivaita kuti vatapure zvikuru itiro hanya dzomunzvimbomo. Imba inewo simba rakakwana rokutanga zvikwereti zvemari nokuunza pomero dzokupa mukurwisana navakuru vakuru vakuru vehurumende.

Dare

Dare rine mitezo 100, miviri inobva munyika imwe neimwe, inobatira mashoko anozunguzirwa amakore matanhatu. Iyi nguva refu yakaitirwa kugovera dzikamo ndokubvumira vamiririri kurangarira kukuru, kuduku kwenhau dzorudzi. Dare rinoisa simba rimwe chete kusimbisa kunyoresa kwemifungo yapurezidhendi (vatongi, mitezo yedare, nhume) uye zvibvumirano zveraventex. Basa raro rekubvumirana rine revo huru dzoupenyu hwezuva nezuva: Ruramisiro yeDare Rapamusoro rinosimbiswa neDare reSangano rinogona kuumba nzvimbo yepamutemo kwamakumi amakore.

Kukubatsira Kwaunoita Pachivako

Sezvo imba yacho ichigamuchira pfungwa dzomunzvimbomo, unogona kazhinji kazhinji kupesvedzera mumiriri panhau yakati yenzanga — kufanana nemugwagwa unokarakadzwa kana kuti muitiro wemari wechikoro.

Muitiro Wokuita Mitemo: Kubva Mupfungwa Kuenda Kutsika

Kunzwisisa izvi kunobatsira vagari vemo kuziva kuti kupindira kwacho kunofanira kuitwa rini uye sei.

  • Kupinza nokubudisa mashoko: Mutezo unogona kunyorwa nenhengo yeDare, vashandi vavo, kana kuti kunyange mapoka ari kunze. Inopinzwa mukamuri rimwe nerimwe (kunze kwezvikwereti zvemari, izvo zvinotangira muImba).
  • Committee Review: Iyi ndiyo nhano inokosha zvikurusa. Mutemo unogoverwa kudare rine chiremera pamusoro penhau. Matare anova nokutongwa, kudana zvapupu zvine unyanzvi, uye kupedza bhiri. Zvikwereti zvizhinjisa zvinofa pano — inenge 5% yezvikwereti zvakasumwa zvinombova mutemo.
  • Komiti yeBasa: Matare mazhinji anokamuranisazve kuva matare maduku anonzvera nzvimbo nhete dzemiitiro. Somuenzaniso, Dare rokupa Mipinduro reHouse rine zvikamu zviduku zveProficiation Komiti yeProficiation ine Dare reProficies for Defense, Agriculture, uye Labor/Health/Human Services, pakati pedzimwe.
  • Floor Action: Kana dare rikatendera mutemo, rinoenda kunzvimbo yakazara nokuda kwekurukurirano uye vhoti. Imba inoshandisa mitemo yakarongwa inoganhurira kugadziriswa; Dare rinobvumira kurukurirano isina kuganhurirwa kutoti kutoti kufamba kusingaganhurirwi (richivhota 60) kukaigura.
  • Komiti yeConference: Kana Imba neDare zvikapfuudza shanduro dzakasiyana dzemutemo mumwe chete, dare remitezo yemusangano yakabva mumakamuri ose ari maviri rinoita shanduro inobvumiranisa pane zvisina kufanira.
  • Presidial Action: Mutemo wokupedzisira unoenda kupurezidhendi, uyo anogona kusaina mumutemo, kuuita, kana kuti kurega uchiva mutemo pasina kusaina pashure pamazuva 10 (kana kuti Congress iri murusando). Masangano anogona kudzora chivhoti netutatu mbiri mumakamuri ose ari maviri.

Izvi zvose zvakagadzirirwa kunonozeka uye kusava nehanya — zvichikangaidza vamwe, asi zvakaitirwa kudzivisa kukurumidza kana kuti kurangarirwa zvisina kukodzera kwemitemo.

Kuumba Kunoita Bazu Romutemo Upenyu Hwako Hwezuva Nezuva

Hedzino dzimwe dzezvinhu zvinokosha zvikuru dzinokanganiswa nemutemo wehurumende.

Kurapwa uye Kurapwa

Mitemo inotema chinhu chiri chose kubva mutendero yemirimo mitsva kupfurikidza ne FDA kuurongwa hweMedicare neMedicaid. Ffordable Care Act ye 2010 [AC], yakapfuudzwa neConstantive, inopfuudzwa nemamiriyoni eMenustrias uye kurambidzwa kwemitengo yeinishuwarenzi nemhaka yemigariro yapamberi. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, [[FLT:]] Kupfumbanutsa Redruction Act ya20] yakapa Medica ada mari yemirimo yemirimo, yakaderedza zvakananga ndyiko dzemirimo nokuda kwavakuru. Pasi pezviito zveInishuwarenzi, kutengeserana kwaizoshanda zvakarevesa vanhu vakawanda.

Dzidzo Nekubiwa Kwavadzidzi

Bazu rewirirano remitemo rinogadza purogiramu yedzidzo yehurumende kupfurikidza nemitemo se Mudzidzi ari wose Wenefieds Act (ESSA), iyo inodzora kubhadharwa kwemari nokuda kwezvikoro zveK-12 nemipimo yokuzvidavirira. Dare rinodzorawo gadziriro yemari yemari yemari yevadzidzi yemari yemari — mwero, mhindu, zvirongwa zvokubhadhara, uye purogiramu dzekanganwiro zvinhu zvose zvemitemo. [[FLT:]] Super Education Act[[[FLT:]] uye kugadziridza nguva nenguva ku [[FLT: 4.] BV] Kudzosaidzo yemariro yemari yePLGs nemhomwero, zvinotapura mari yamamirioni avadzidzi nedzimba.

Kuchengeteka Kworuzhinji Neruramisiro Yeutsotsi

Mitemo inopiwa neCongress inorondedzera mhosva dzomubatanidzwa, inogadza nhungamiro dzokutonga, uye masangano okuchengeta mutemo anobhadharwa akadai se FBI uye DEA. [[FLT]]. [[FLT]] .[FLT][IT] .[ITRATIGOUD] , uye Mutemo weMitemo yeITrikiti yomutemo [[FLT] Control , [[FLT] Mitemo] inobata mitemo yomunzvimbomo yakaderera inopfuura mibato, asi mitemo yehurumende inoita sepfuti yepfuti, chito yechinyakare, chiK.

Mhoteredzo Nedziviriro Yezvidyiro

Congress inonyora mitemo inodzivirira mhepo yaunofema, mvura yaunonwa, uye zvinhu zvaunotenga. Mutemo wemhepo wakachena uye Mvura inochenesa [[[[FLT:]] imitemo yenheyo yezvakapoteredza yakaderedza zvikuru kushatisa kubvira kuma 1970. [[FLT:]] Concumer Product forficute Sactement Act inopa PCC] [FL:] chiremera chekuyeuka zvinhu zvisina kunaka. [FLD:] mutemo wemisi ichangobva kunyorwa [FLD] .[FLT]

Mitero Nemitemo Yezvemari

Nemhaka yokuti Bumbiro reMitemo rinopa Imba simba rimwe rokuvamba mabhiri emari, Congress inodzora bumbiro remitero. Tax Cuts neJobs Act ya2017 yakachinja zvikwaniriso zvemari yomutero, zvakapeta kaviri mari yemari inotengwa, uye mari yemakambani. Mari yako, mari yawakachengeta pamudyandigere, uye kunyange mari yezvipo zvose zvinotapurwa nemitemo yemitero inopfuudzwa neDare reHurumende. Kupfuura, Hurumende inodzosa mari yemari yehurumende, iyo mari yose inobva kumapaki enyika kuti igadzirirwe nyika.

Ruzivo Nekodzero Dzemadhigirii

Munhambo yemitengo, Congress inowedzera kuumba ruzivo rwako rwepaIndaneti. Mitemo yakafanana ne ISATIS 230 yeMitemo yekurukurirano inodzivirira zvikuva zvinodzivirira panjodzi yezvinenge zviri mukati momunhu, kugonesa kutaura pachena — asi inobvumirawo mashoko asina kururama kupararira. Mitemo yevana yeOnlineal Protection Act [ [KOP] [KOP]) inodzivisa kuti mawebsite anounganidza mashoko kubva kuva vaduku. Kuramba kukurukurirana pamusoro pezvakavanzika, mashoko, kuchengeteka, uye uchenjeri hwokusagadzirwa zvinhu zvose zvine chokuita nomutemo womunguva yemberi izvo zvichasarudza kuti makambani anofambire nemashoko ako.

Kubatanidzwa Mumutemo: Kupesvedzera Kwaungaita Muitiro Womutemo

Bazu remitemo rinogadzirirwa kuva rinogamuchira, asi bedzi kana vagari vemo vakaita kuti manzwi avo anzwiwe.Hedzi nzira dzinoshanda dzokutora rutivi.

  • Kurukurirana navamiriri vako zvakananga. Inivheri yakasanonzverwa, foni kana kuti foni kuhofisi yemitezo inogona kupesvedzera nzvimbo yavo. Mushandi anonzvera ona onana uri wose uye kazhinji kazhinji pfupi mutezo pamberi pevhoti.
  • [ Dzimba dzemataundi dzakafurwa nokunzwa kwavose. Mitezo mizhinji inoita misangano yenzanga yenhambo nenhambo. Iyi nharaunda inokupa mukana wakananga wokubvunza mibvunzo nokumutsa funganyo. Nzvera website yomutezo kana kuti nhau dzomunzvimbomo nokuda kwerudungwe.
  • Shandisa website yedare kuti unyore mutemo. Conrell.gov inopa shopu yapachena, inosecha zvikwereti zvose, mishumo yedare, uye mavhoti. Unogona kuisa mhete nokuda kwemisoro chaiyo.
  • Dare rinotevera kutonga. Anenge mashoko ose anodzokororwa kana kuti anochengetwa paIndaneti. Kuatarira — zvikurukuru panhau dzine chokuita newe — kunopa nzwisiso muufakazi nezvibvumikiso zvinoumba muitiro.
  • Kuvhota musarudzo iri yose. Sarudzo huru kazhinji kazhinji dzinova dzinoparira zvikuru kupfuura sarudzo dzavose nemhaka yokuti dzinosarudza kuti idzipi dzinoda kufambira mberi. Voter vorout muPrimmies yakaderera, naizvozvo vhoti yako inotakura uremu hwakawedzerwa.
  • Kuderera kana kuti kutsigira masangano okudzora. Mapoka anokosha (seChinzwano chavakadzi kana kuti American Civil Liberaties Union) anosimudzira Congress panhau dzakati ndokugovera maturusi kuti vagari vemo vaite chiito.

Kunzwisisa Dzinogumira Bazi Romutemo

Nepo Congress ine simba, ine ganhuriro. Dare reUtsipa rinogona kurova mitemo yainorangarira kuva isina muganhu — cheki inotangwa mu Marbury v. Madison. Purezidhendi anogona kudzora mutemo, uye bazu rehurumende rinogona kuramba kumanikidza mitemo (naiganhuriro). Zvezvamatongerwe enyika uye kudzorodzodzodzodzodzo kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji inodzosa muitiro wemitemo yemitemo, kureva kuti kunyange zvikwereti zvakakurumbira zvinogona kupera makore.

Mukuwedzera, mitemo yakawanda inogadza chiremera kumasangano ehurumende. Somuenzaniso, Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) inonyora mirau ine udzame mugadziriro yeCheally Air Act. Ikoku kunoreva kuti nepo Congress inogadza nhungamiro yemitemo, tapuro chaiyoiyo paupenyu hwako hwezuva nezuva inotsamira pakuti masangano anotungamirira anoshandisa sei mitemo iyoyo. Vagari vemo vanogona kutora rutivi mumuitiro wokuita mutemo kupfurikidza nokupa tsinhiro dzavose pamusoro pemiraudzo inokarakadzwa kupfurikidza .

Mienzaniso Yomunguva Yakapfuura Yomutemo Wapanyika

Kuti unzwisise simba rebazu romutemo, rangarira mitemo mishomanene yokuchinja iyo yakashandurazve upenyu hweAmerica.

  • The Social Security Act (1935): Yakaita musengwa wekotsekano womubatanidzwa wehurumende nokuda kwavakweguru navanoshaya basa. Nhasi, mamirioni avaAmerica vakarega basa anotsamira pakubhadhara Nhungamiro yenzanga mwedzi nomwedzi.
  • Civil Rights Act (1964):[[FL:1] rusaruro rwakarambidzwa rwakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, rudzidziso, vatano, kana kuti mavambo orudzi. Ichi chikamu chimwe chomutemo chakachinja zvikurukuru nzvimbo dzebasa, zvikoro, uye pokugara pavose munyika yose.
  • American neBucult Act (1990): inodikanwa kuva nounyanzvi muzvivako zvavose nepokugara pabasa. Yakaita kuti maguta namabhizimisi zvive zvakawanda zvinobatanidza vanhu vakaremara.
  • Afford Care Act (2010): Kufukidzwa kweinishuwarenzi youtano nedziviriro dzinoiswa navatengi. Zvino inofukidza vanhu vanopfuura mamirioni 20 kupfurikidza nemari dzinogoverwa pamusika uye wedzero yeMedicaid.

Mumwe nomumwe weiyi mitemo wakachinja upenyu hwezuva nezuva munzira dzisingatsungiririki — kubva paukuru hwemari yako yemubhadharo (kupfurikidza nokutera kweSocial Security kuripira mitero yakakwirira) kusvikira kukuti kana hofisi yeposvo yako yomunzvimbomo iripo here.

Kuramba Uchiziva uye Kubatanidzwa

Muitiro wewisc reconstruct unogona kuratidzika kuva wakajeka, asi zvishandiso zvokuona zviri pedyo newe. Saidzo pawebsite yepaIndaneti uye website yeIndaneti [ inopa nzvimbo dzinomirira nhengo, zvirongwa zvedare, uye mubato wemitemo. Masangano akawanda asingapinduri pamutemo anogovera nhungamiro kudzo kufiti dzezvikwereti uye marekodhi okuvhota.

Zvishongedzere umene nezivo pamusoro penzira iyo bazu remitemo rinoita nayo — uye kuti rinotapura sei zvakananga upenyu hwako — zvinokuchinja kubva pamucherechedzi asingashandi kuva mugoverani anoshingaira.

Mitemo inopfuvura haisi mapeji erugwaro chete mu Register. Mitemo inoumba kufamba kwako, kutarisirwa kwako kwoutano, dzidzo yavana vako, uye kurega kwako basa. Nokugara uchiita, unobatsira kuti mitemo iyoyo iratidze mipimo nezvinodikanwa zvavanhu vaunodikanirwa kubatira.