Nharaunda dzeUrban `maruva akasvibira, mapindu enzanga, maruva ezviwi, uye nzvimbo dzinochengeterwa zvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemhoteredzo nemhoteredzo. Zvinogovera nzvimbo yenhandaro, kuvandudza mhepo nemvura, kuderedza miuyo yezvitsuwa zvinopisa, tsigira mhuka, uye zvinobetsera kuvagari vemo yendangariro neyomuviri zvakanaka. Kunyange zvakadaro zvinhu izvi zvinokosha zvinogara zviri mutyisidziro yokuiswa mumigodhi, kukura kwezvokutengeserana, kukura kwezvokutengeserana, uye kugadziriswa kwemitengo. Sezvo kukwikwikwidza kweguta, kukwikwidza, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kuisa nzvimbo dzegirini munyu mungozi. Mumhinduro yenyika yose yave yawedzera kuidzwa nechengeteverwa kwechiteshiso chedemo yedemo yehurumende. Zvikumbiro. Zvinobvumira kuti vanhu vanyore kuti vanyore zvinhu zvavo, varatidze kutsigira, uye vagadzirise kugadzirirwa mishonga inovazwa mumitevero.

Basa Rezvikumbiro Mukudzora Kwakatipoteredza Mumataundi

Zvikumbiro zvinopfuura zvikuru kurovedza kuisa siginicha. Zvinobatira seratidziro inooneka, inotanhamarika yemirangariro yenzanga iyo inogona kuchinja mirau yezvamatongerwe enyika nesimba panhau dzavanhu vose. Mumamiriro ezvinhu okukura kwenzvimbo dzakasvibira dzomuguta, zvikumbiro zvinowanzomuka apo paki kana kuti bindu zvinotyisidzirwa nechivako chinokarakadzwa, mugwagwa kukura, kana kuti zvimwe kuvaka. Zvinobudawo apo nharaunda dzinoronga kukumbira zvinhu zvitsva zvakasvibira munharaunda dzinochengetwa. Kupfurikidza nokupa chikumbiro namazana kana kuti zviuru zvesigina, vagari vanoratidza kuti nhau yacho ine tsigiro yavose yavose.

Nhau yezvikumbiro zvevagari vomuguta mukuronga maguta inosvika kunenge kumavambo kwezana remakore rechi20, apo vachinji vanofambira mberi Nhambo vakashandisa kugamuchirwa kunzvimbo dzinochengeterwa vanhu mumaguta akabudirira nokukurumidza. Nhasi, maturusi emitauro akawedzera zvikuru muitiro wacho. Online plats seChange.org, Kuendesa Kunze, uye mahotera enharaunda dzinogara munyika dzinoshandiswa kuendesa mashoko kupfurikidza nezvinobudisa nhau zvenzanga, kukwezva kunobva kunzvimbo dziri kure nedzimwe. Uku kukumbira kwakaita nzira yokushandisa kugadzira michina yezvakapoteredza mapoka ouswa. Zvisinei, nheyo yenheyo inoramba iripo: chikumbiro chinoshandura pfungwa yavose ichienda kukongiri, chinopiwa chirevo icho zviremera zvisingagoni kurambira zviri nyore nyore.

Mashandisirwe Anoita Zvikumbiro Pakuronga Maindasitiri

Maguta akawanda zvino ane nzira dzakarongwa dzokuita nadzo zvisarudzo zvenyika. ($2,7,71,71,1,1,1,1,1,71,1,111. Magungano anotendisa mikoto iyi kupfurikidza nokugovera nzvimbo yokupinda yakaderera nokuda kwavagari vemo vangave vasina nguva kana unyanzvi hwokuita mabasa akareba okuronga. Chikumbiro chinogona kubudisa mashoko anowanzova pasi pemasangano ehurumende, akadai savarendi vemitendi, nzanga dzinowana mari shoma, uye vanhu vane ruvara rwakaderera, avo kazhinji kazhinji vanotakura kushaikwa kwemikana kwemikana yemudenga yakasvibira. Pava neuchapupuriro, zvitengo zvenzanga zvenzanga, uye kufutunura, chikumbiro chinogona kuita kuti vazivi vezvokufambisa mashoko makuru kuchengetedzwa kwemichero yevhu.

Kubatsira Kunoita Zvido Zvemumataundi Pakusarudza Kushandisa Nzvimbo Dzakanaka

Pesvedzero yechikumbiro inotsamira pazvikonzero zvinoverengeka: nhamba nemhatsa yezvisarudzo, kuvimbika kweboka rakarongwa, nguva yenhimbe ine chokuita nekarenda yokuita zvisarudzo, uye mamiriro ezvamatongerwe enyika nezvemari akapoteredza. Apo nyika dzokukumbira dziri padhesiki redare reguta kana kuti mumiririri wokuronga, zvinobatira somwero unooneka wekuda kwavanhu. Vagadziri vezvisarudzo kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji vanoyera murangariro wavose pamwe chete nemiuyo yezvakapoteredza, zvikarakadzo, uye ganhuriro dzemari. Chikumbiro chakasimba chinogona kudzosa dzikamo, zvikurukuru apo kunenge kune kurukurirano yomukati kana kuti apo nhau yacho inenge iri mucheto.

Kushandisa Simba

Zvikumbiro zvinopesvedzera zvisarudzo kupfurikidza nenzira dzinoverengeka dzinobatanidzwa:

  • Kudzvinyirira vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa: Nhamba hurusa dzesimba rokuvhota, zvichiita kuti vezvematongerwe enyika vabvume zvikuru kuraira kwokuchengetedza kana kuti kugadzira nzvimbo yakasvibira.
  • Nhevedzo: Chikumbiro chine mafaira akanaka chinogona kukwezva kuziviswa kwenhau kwomunzvimbomo, kusimudzira ngwariro yavose uye kuisa nhau yacho parusarudzo rweguta rakafara zvikuru.
  • [ Kushanda kwenzanga kunodikanwa: Zvikumbiro zvinogovera varongi namanyuko anogona kushandiswa kururamisa mitsara yemari yemari yepaki kana kuti kuramba zvikarakadzo zvekuvandudza munzvimbo dzakarongwa dzegirini.
  • Chivako chezviwiriranwa: Muitiro wokuunganidza siginicha unowanzobatanidza pamwe chete vadzori vakasiana - siana vadzorwi (masangano evavakidzani, mapoka emhoteredzo, PTAs, uye mabhizimisi echikoro) kuparira chikwata chakafara, chakasimba zvikuru.
  • Zvikonzero zvendangariro: Mamwe maguta ane mirau inoda chiverengero chakati chezvisaini zvechikumbiro kuisa mwero wakati wechisakiso, kunyandura kutonga kwavose, kana kuti kuraira vhoti hurusa pagadziriro inomutsa nharo.

Kuongorora Nyaya: Pakachinjwa Zvikumbiro

Mienzaniso chaiyoiyo yenyika inoratidzira bviro dzezvikumbiro zvokudzivirira nokuwedzera minda yomumaguta. MuLos Angeles, nhimbe yokukumbira yakarongwa neboka renzanga reSouth Central Farmers yakaunganidza sigini dzinopfuura 5 000 kuti ichengetedze 14-acre South Central Farm, rimwe reminda mikuru yenzanga muUnited States. Kunyange zvazvo purazi rakarasikirwa nokubudirira, chikumbiro chakanyandura kufambiswa kweguta nokuda kwezvirimwa zveguta uye kutungamirirwa kumiitiro inosimudzira minda inotsigira minda yenzanga. MuNew York City, chikumbiro chinodzorwa neFriso cheguta kundo yokuvaka nzvimbo inopaka parutivi rwepaki. Chikumbiro, chakaitwa nezvipingamupikirwa zvavose nezvipingamunyorerwa zvapamutemo, zvakaguma nokuiswa mativi matsva anochengetedzwa girini nezvinovakavakwa. MuLondon, muNew York City City, kutumira kupfurikidza nokutemerwa kwetsanyanisa kutsana kwetsana kutsana kutsana kutsana kutsana kwemari yepaka, iyo inodzo inodzo inodzokoro dzinodzo dzinodzorwa pakupedzisira.

Nokuda kwenzwisiso dzakawanda pamusoro penzira iyo nzanga dzakashandisa nayo mikumbiro kudzivirira nzvimbo dzakasvibira, ona kuvimbwa kwenhungamiro yeNyika Yavose pa union yegadziriro yokuchengetedza paki. Kuwedzera, National Resources Defense Council inopa [[FL:2] nhano-teru yokutanga zvikumbiro zvomuchadenga zvinoshanda [.

Kuganhurirwa Nezvipingamupinyi Zvokukumbira Kubudirira

Kunzwisisa mhinganidzo idzi kunokosha zvikuru kune vaya vanoda kushandisa simba ravo nokuchenjera.

Zvinetso Zvezvamatongerwe Enyika Nezvemari

Zvirongwa zvekugadzira zvinhu zvinotyisidzira nzvimbo dzemaruva zvakasvibira zvinowanzobatanidza vagadziri vezvemari vane simba (vagadziri venzvimbo dzepfuma, masangano makuru, kana kuti masangano eguta anotungamirirwa nevavariro dzemari yomutero. Chikumbiro, pasinei zvapo nokuti chikuru sei, chingafuratirwa kana mugadziri wechisarudzo akapinzwa kugadziriro yezvikonzero zvamatongerwe enyika kana kuti zvemari. Muzvimwe zviitiko, zvikumbiro zvinogona kushandiswa nevakuru vakuru veguta kuti vapindure pachena mumuitiro watosarudzwa, kupa fungidziro yokutora rutivi pasina pesvedzero chaiyoiyo. Iyi "divition" igwaro rakarongwa zvakanaka mumaguta, umo kuvimbisa kwavose kunoitwa kuwirirana nezvichaitika zvakafano.

Kutora Misiyano Nenhau Dzekusasarura

Zvikumbiro zvinowanzopfuura zvikamu zvakati zvechiverengero chavagari vemo(vaneminda, vagari venguva refu, naavo vane kugamuchirwa kwepaInternet (pano varendi vapazaruki, vatami vachangobva kutama, vagari vaduku, uye vatauri veEngland. Iyi mipata inotora rutivi inogona kushayisa mashoko ayo chikumbiro chinotumirwa kuvagadziri vechisarudzo, zvimwe kusimbisa kusawirirana kuripo mukuparadzirwa kwenzvimbo dzomuchadenga kwakasvibira. Somuenzaniso, chikumbiro chokuchengetedza paka repfuma renharaunda ingadzikira nzanga yakaderera nokuda kwenzvimbo itsva inotambirwa muruwa rwakasiana. Kuva zvirokwazvo kukumbira kunofanira kushanda nokubatanidza manzwi akaderera nemitauro inodzokororwa, kunze kwemabhadha, uye kubatira pamwe chete namasangano enzanga anodzokororwa.

Vamiririri Vapamutemo Nevehurumende

Mumiganhu mizhinji, mikumbiro ine simba rapamutemo rakaganhurirwa. Ingasanyandura kunzwika kwavose kwapamutemo kwakafanira kana kuti kukumbira vhoti kutoti ivo vakasangana nezvikumbaridzo zvakati (mutoo, 5% zvavavhoti vakanyoreswa). Kunyange apo zvikumbaro zvinosangana, muuyo wacho unowanzova usingasungi. Makoroni eguta anogona kubvuma chikumbiro uye ipapo kupfuurira nechirongwa chapakuvamba. Mukuwedzera, muitiro wapamutemo nokuda kwechisarudzo chekubudirira kupfurikidza nokukumbira unogona kuva murefu uye unodhura, uchidzivisa chitsama chemari, kuisa gadziriro yemitemo yomunharaunda yomunzvimbomo inodikanwa pamberi pokutanga kukumbira maguta ane "kodzero kukumbira" mitemo inopa ukoshi hukuru zvikuru kuzvidzoro zvavagari, asi izvozvi zvisingawanzowanzve.

Miitiro Yakanakisisa Yokufamba Munzvimbo Yakasvibira

Nemhaka yechinyorwa chakavhengana chemikumbiro, kunokosha kusvika kwavari nenzira inoshanda zvikurusa rutivi rwemhoteredzo yakafara yezvisakiso zvevatano izvo zvinobatanidza chivako chakabatana, kuzivisa, chipupuriro chapachena, chiito chapamutemo, uye kubatanidzwa kunopfuurira navaiti vemitongo. Pasi apa miitiro yakanakisisa inowanwa munhimbe dzemuchadenga dzinobudirira.

Kuronga uye Kudyidzana Munzanga

Chikumbiro chakasimba bedzi sechavanhu vanozviisa pasi pezvisaini. Pamberi pokuunganidza, shandisa nguva mukuvaka mubatanidzwa wakasiana-ngoni wavachengeti vemibatanidzwa: vagari vomunharaunda, mapoka eruramisiro, mabhizimisi omunzvimbomo, masangano okutenda, zvikoro, uye masangano ezvoutano. Mukwanyina mumwe nomumwe anounza vateereri vakasiyana-nzaniso nepfuma. Mitezo yesangano inogona kubetsera kuparadzira chikumbiro paIndaneti napanze penzvimbo yakarongwa, uye goverai basa. Bambai taundi-yose misangano kana kuti marusarusai kuzivisa zvinodikanwa zvenzvimbo nezvinoshuviwa zvenzanga. Chikumbiro icho chinoratidzira zvinhu zvechokwadi zvekodhekisi yezvokugadzirwa neveridzi. Nokuda kwenhungamiro huru pachivako chenzvimbo chokuvaka mapaka, chirongwa cheAmericanboom'ssociat [Fct1]

Zvishandiso Zvokushandisa Zvinonhuhwirira uye Zvinobudisa Mapurogiramu Enzanga

Zvikuva zvokukumbira paIndaneti zvakaita kuti zvive nyore kupfuura nakare kose kusvika kuvateereri vakawanda, asi zvinoda kutarisirwa nokungwarira. Shandisa chikuva chinobvumira kukopa nokuyera mashoko, uye chinogovera bhedhi rakajeka refambiro mberi. Kurukuriranisa chikumbiro chepaIndaneti nenhimbe yemasangano enzanga yeFacebook, mapoka ePreterhood, X (Apost Twitter), uye Instagram kuti vagoverane kubatana kwechikumbiro nenhau dzinogombedzesai, mifananidzo, uye mavhidhiyo enzvimbo yegirini pari inosipi yevhu iri mungozi. Kurudzira vatsi kuti vawedzere tsinhiro dzomunhu oga oga oga, izvo zvinogona kuva zvinova zvinonyengetemesa mashoko kupfuura kusaina kwakapfava.

Kubatanidza Zvikumbiro Nemamwe Mazano Okunyengera

Zvikumbiro hazvifaniri kutongoshandiswa mukuparadzana. Nhimbe dzinobudirira zvikurusa dzinobatanidza zvikumbiro zvavose netsinhiro dzavose pakunzwa, tsamba kumupepeti, misangano navakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa, kunyunyuta kwemaziso (mutoo, "park-in" zvinoitika), uye denho dzapamutemo apo zvinenge zvakakodzera. Chikumbiro chinogona kushanda senongedzero kukukwidziridza nhambo hurusa. Somuenzaniso, pashure pokuunganidza zvikumbiro 5 000, unogona kushandisa nhamba iyoyo kuraira musangano nameyamhoro, kana kuti kukumbira pepanhau kunyora. Mumamwe maguta, mikumbiro inhanho yokutanga kukukwanisira kukwakwanisira nzvimbo yakasvibira yakaisvonaka. Funga nezvechishandiso chokusimbisa. Kana uchiwana chitemwa chokupedzisira. Nokuda kwokuwedzera kukumbira kupinda munzve, ona mushumo weEcompukubudirira. [Fentation:]

Nguva Yemberi Yezvikumbiro Mukubudirira Kwenzvimbo Yepasi Yemataundi

Sezvo maguta achishanduka, saizvozvowo basa rekukumbira. Kukumbira kunokarakadza kuti mikumbiro ichava yakatowanda, yakabatanidzwa nemichina yokunyora michina, uye yakabatanidzwa nemiitiro yetsika yokuronga mari yokushandisa. Somuenzaniso, mamwe maguta zvino anobvumira vagari vemo kuisa zvibvumirano zvakananga kupfurikidza namapaneti edare rehurumende, izvo zvinonyandura mutoo wehwirudzuro. Mamwe ari kuedza ne "kukumbira kwokukumbira," apo sigini dzinoyerwa nomufananidzo wevagari vemo kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti pamutemo. Munguva ino, zvinobudisa nhau uye maapps zvinoita kuti zvibvire kuunganidza kusaina mumazuva chaiwo okuteerera, zvinogovera kutsinhira kwapamhiko.

Zvinokurudzirwa Kubudisa Mashoko Okutama Kunotaurirwa Nevagari Vomunyika

Kuti zvikumbiro zvive chinhu chinobatsira zvikuru pakudzivirira nzvimbo yakasvibira, hurumende dzeko dzinogona kushandisa mitemo inoita kuti zvikumbiro zvive zvinorema zvechokwadi.

  • Kugadza siginicha shomanene (muchib., 1% yechiverengero chavagari veguta) iyo inoparira chiverengero chavose chokutonga kana kuti ganhuriro pamusoro pechinoitika chinokarakadzwa apo nhau yacho inofundwa.
  • Kubvunza kuti mhinduro dzose dzezvikumbiro zvacho dzinofanira kubudiswa paIndaneti dzichitsanangura zvakadzama kuti chikumbiro chacho chaizokurukurwa sei pachisarudzo chokupedzisira.
  • Kutumira mashoko okukumbira mugadziriro yemashoko enzvimbo yeguta racho (GIS) kuti ume kuti uite mepu yenzvimbo yakasvibira kunoda uye kunzwira tsitsi vanhu.
  • Kurovedza uye kutsigira mapoka omunzanga nezvenzira yokuita nayo zvikumbiro zvinobudirira, kunyanya munharaunda dzinochengeterwa.
  • Kugadzira nzvimbo ine maruva egirini kunobatsira kuongorora kukurumidza kukumbira kunoitwa mumapaki uye munzvimbo dzinongogara vanhu.

Kupfurikidza nokuita zvikumbiro rutivi runokosha rwemhoteredzo yemhoteredzo yemhoteredzo yezvirongwa, maguta anogona kushandisa simba ravagari vemo kuti avake mhoteredzo dzomumaguta dzakasvibira, dzine utano hwakanaka, uye dzakafanana zvikuru. Simba rechikumbiro harisi musigiro bedzi, asi muchisarudzo chenzanga isingadi kurega nzvimbo dzaro dzakasvibira dzichinyangarika. Paanoshandiswa nenzira yakajeka, nokuona zvakajeka netsigiro yakafara, kukumbira kunogona kuva simba guru mukuumba maguta mangwana.

Chinonyanya kukosha ndechokuti kukumbira kunoitwa mumaguta kunobva pazvinoumba nzvimbo dzakasvibira dzinotevedzerwa ne((sati yematongerwe enyika, zvivako zvepamutemo, uye kuvimbisana munzanga. Asi semienzaniso nemiitiro zviri pamusoro apa zvinoratidza, zvingangovapo. Chisaini chimwe nechimwe chinomirira inzwi rinonyanya kukoshesa nzvimbo dzinogara vanhu, vanotamba, uye vanobata nechisiko. Kudzivirira nzvimbo idzodzo ndirimwe remabasa anokosha zvikurusa enguva yedu, uye kukumbira kunoramba kuri rutivi runokosha rwechishandiso chedemocracykit chinoita kuti zvibvire.