Kuchinja Kwomutemo Kunoderedza Kurongwa Kwamapurisa

Mumakore gumi apfuura, vadzori vemibatanidzwa yehurumende muUnited States vakaita chinjo huru kumitemo yamapurisa yokunyoresa, ichisundwa nezvikumbiro zvokuoneka kukuru zvikuru, kuzvidavirira, uye kumirira nzanga. Mitemo iyi inopesvedzera zvakananga iyo inogona kubatira semukuru mukuru wemitemo, kuti masangano anofanira kukwezva sei vadaviri, uye kuti iini masangano anochengeta mhatsa anofanira kusangana nawo. Kuwedzera kweiyi mibato yemitemo kwakavandudza magetsi kuva mapurisa, kuchiparira zvose zviri zviviri mikana nekusagadzikana izvo vatungamiriri vesangano, vagadziri vemitemo, uye vanhu vanofanira kufamba.

Chiito chenzvimbo yehurumende chakawedzera mukutevera zviitiko zvakakwirira zvemapurisa zvokushandisa simba uye kurukurirano dzorudzi dzinovapo pamusoro pemaperembudzi egadziriro. Mukuwirirana ne Conferenceal of State Legislatures [, dzinopfuura nyika 40 dzakarangarira mutemo mu2020-2023 uyo waitaura zvakananga kunyoresa kwamapurisa, mipimo yokupinza basa, uye nhano dzakasiana-chinja. Nepo shinda dzinozivikanwa navose dzinobatanidza kubvisa mhinganidzo dzavadari vaparidzi vanobva pasi pemigariro inoregerekidzwa, kurovedza shatsa shatiso dzakajeka kwakananga nokuda kwokubhadharwa, uye kuraira nzanga yemiitiro dzokunyoresa.

Kunzwisisa kuti mitemo iyi inobatsira sei vose vari vaviri kuwanda uye kunaka kwemasangano, pamwe chete nokuwanda kwemasangano, zvinokosha kumunhu upi noupi anobatanidzwa mukutarisira kuchengeteka kwevanhu vose.

Kufara Kwomutemo: Gadziriro Huru Mumitemo yeHurumende

Mitemo yehurumende inobata nokunyoreswa kwamapurisa uye mhatsa inowanzopinda mumapoka anoverengeka. Gadziriro dzinozivikanwa navose dzinodenha muitiro wokunyoresa umene, dzichiedza kubvisa mhinganidzo dzegadziriro idzo dzakabudisa kare vakadzi, vanhu vane ruvara, uye vanoda kubhapatidzwa vanobva mumigariro isiri yamagamuchidzanwa.

Kurovedza Vamiririri Vanotsiva Nokushandisa Zvokudya

Zvikamu zvinoverengeka zvinoda kuti vakuru vakuru vanobatanidzwa mukunyoresa nokupinza rovedzo yakakwana yetsika nechero rusaruro rwakakwana. Chibvumikiso chakananga: kana vanhu vanosarudzwa vane tsvete yendangariro dzisina kujeka, boka ravakwidzi navanoripirwa sezvingabvira richaratidzira mirangariro iyoyo. Somuenzaniso, California Commission on Peace Profectal and Training (POLT) yakatanga zvirongwa zvakananga zvemiitiro yokubhadharo inova yakakwana, iyo yakagamuchirwa namadhipatimendi akawanda munyika yose.

Kutanga Zvinangwa Zvakasiyana - siyana uye Zvokubatsirana

Chiverengero chinokura chehurumende zvinoda masangano anochengeta mutemo kuti aise zvipfuro zvinoda kuenzana. Iyoyi inowanzobatanidzwa nokuumbwa kwechiverengero chavagari vemo chehurumende inobatira. Mimwe mitemo inongoraira bedzi kushuma kwegore negore pamusoro pechiverengero chavagari vemo vavashandi, nepo mimwe ichienda mberi, ichida kuti masangano aratidzire fambiro mberi kana kuti kurasikirwa negweta remari. Illinois, somuenzaniso, yakagadziridza chirongwa chaMapoli Sercialing Act kuti ide kutevera gadziriro yezvirongwa zvemari uye kushuma nhamba dzegore pamusoro pokuwana, kubhadhairwa, uye kurowa, dzinza, uye kuva murume.

Gadziriro Dzenzanga Dzakatsigiswa

Kudzika mutemo mumibatanidzwa seMinnesota neOregon zvakatsigira nhamburiko dzenzanga dzinopinza vangada kuzopinda mupombi vasati vashandisa. Idzi purogiramu dzinoshanda nezvikoro zvapamusoro zvomunzvimbomo, makoreji, uye masangano enzanga kuti vafumure mapoka anopinzwa pasi mumabasa emapurisa, dzimwe nguva kubatanidza zvirongwa zvinobhadharwa, zvirongwa zvokupa mazano, uye zvirongwa zvokuongorora. Uzivi hunoshanda pasi ndehwokuti kunyoresa kunofanira kutanga kare kare chitsama chitsama chisati chaiswa, uye kuvakwa nenzanga dzine nzanga dzakachenge yakabatana nenhau idikachinodikanwa chokukwezva vapambiri.

Kugadziridza Maonero Anodiwa Nemunhu

Zvichida nzvimbo inokakavadzana zvikurusa yechinjo yemitemo inobatanidza chinjo kuganhurirwa kwezvikwaniriso. Dzimwe nyika dzakaderedza chinodikanwa chezera kubva pa 21 kusvikira ku18 nokuda kwenzvimbo dzakati, nepo dzimwe dzine zvinodikanwa zvedzidzo zvakapfava zvinoratidza kuti zvinodikanwa zvegamuchidzanwa zvakawanda hazvisati zvichiri zvine chokuita nedhigirii rimwe) kana kuti kukudza ndaza yeruzivo runogamuchirika pamberi pebasa (zvakadai sebasa renzanga, kana kuti kupa zano repwere). Vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti kuderera kwemipimo inobvumiranisa pane zvisina kufanira mamiriro ezvinhu ebasa, asi vanosimudzira kunzvera kuratidzira kuti zvinodikanwa zvegamuchidzanwa hazvisi zvine chokuita nebasa uye terevhizheni zvikuru vakwaniwirira vachibva mumigariro inoshaiwa. [[FTL:] Proliclegist] Austce Res Research Forum[FUT] [FUT]]

Kuyera Kunoita Kuchinja Nokusiyana - siyana Kwezvinhu

Miuyo yomutemo wehurumende pakunyoreswa kwamapurisa yakaoma, yakasiana kupfurikidza nokudzorwa, kuita kuvimbika, uye mamiriro enzanga akafara. Nepo dzimwe fundo dzakaratidza kuvandudzika kusingachinjiki mumibatanidzwa yemitemo yakasiana - siana, mamwe mashoko anokarakadza kuti kunyoreswa kwose zvakwo kwazova kwakaoma zvikuru mumakore achangobva kupfuura, pasina mitemo chaiyo. Kupesana netapuro yemitemo kubva mune zvimwe zvinhu kunoda kunzvera kwokungwarira miitiro yapamberi pezvirongwa.

Zvakabva: Zvirongwa Zvakawedzerwa Zvakabva Kumapoka Asiri Kutarisirwa

Masangano anoverengeka akashuma wedzero dzakapupurirwa mukushanda kunobva kuvadaviri vemavara navakadzi pashure pokugamuchirwa kwomutemo unonangidzirwa mumhatsa. Somuenzaniso, 2022 kunzvera mirairo yokuvandudza yamapurisa eNew York yakawana kuti madhipatimendi akavamba gadziriro dzokunyoresa dzakavakirwa munzanga akaona wedzero ye 15-20% muvakwiridzi vaizivisa seBlack, Spanic, kana kuti Asia mumakore maviri. Nenzira yakafanana, fundo yamasangano eCalifornia ayo akagamuchira kurovedzwa kwapavhurowo kwapapo kwepo yakaratidza kuderera kunowirirana pakati pechipambiso neboka rinobhadharwa.

Kupfuura nhamba dzisati dzaitwa, masangano akawanda anoshuma kuvandudzwa kwechivimbo chenzanga nokubatira pamwe. Apo nzvimbo dzokuroja dzinobatanidza vamiririri venzanga, kana kuti apo zvinhu zvokunyoresa zvinosimbisa zvakajeka kuzvipira kwedhipatimendi kumhatsa, vakwidza vanganzwa vachigamuchirwa zvikuru. Rand Corporation[ yakabudisa fundo dzinobudisa nhau dzinoratidza kuti madhipatimendi anoshandisa donzo rekubhadhadhai uye kunyora mashoko zvakavaka ukama hwakasimba zvikuru nenzanga shomanene, kuchitungamirira kukushuma kwoutsotsi uye mwero mikuru yemhosva dzakati.

Zvinetso Nemigumisiro Yaisatarisirwa

Pasinei zvapo neidzi budiriro, masangano akawanda akaparapatika kusvitsa zvinodikanwa zvitsva zvemitemo. Resources systems mhinganidzo huru. Kubatanidza rovedzo yemhatsa, kuitisa zviitiko zvenzanga kunoda mari yakatsaurirwa uye vashandi. Madhipatimendi maduku, zvikurukuru ayo ari mumaruwa, kazhinji kazhinji haazati achishaiwa bhajeti yemari yokuwirirana zvizere. Dzimwe nyika, nepo dzichipfuura murairo, hadzina kugovera mari yokuwedzera kuti dzitsigire, kusiya masangano kuti atsigire mari yakatsaurirwa yakazvitsaurira kana kuti adzore mamwe mapurogiramu.

Chimwe denho ndi chishoro chezvamatongerwe enyika kubva muzvose zviri zviviri mukati nokunze kwokuchengetwa kwomutemo. Mune dzimwe nzvimbo, mibatanidzwa nenzvimbo navakuru vakuru vakadzivisa zviito zvemhindu, vachitaurira kuti vanosvika pamipimo kana kuti mipimo inoderedza. Uku kurwisa kunogona kuoneka mukushandisa kushomanene, kusabatanidza, kana kuti kunyange denho dzapamutemo. Muzvinoitika zvishomanene zvikuru, mutemo wehurumende wakagadziriswa kana kuti wadzorwa pashure pedzvinyiriro dzamasangano emapurisa, kugadzira basa remiitiro inodzosadzorwa mutsika imwe cheteyo.

Kuitira Hanya Kuderera Kwemipimo

Nhau yemipimo yakagadziridzwa yakawana tsoropodzo hurusa. Apo nyika dzinoderedza zvinodikanwa zvedzidzo kana kuti kuderedza zviteshi zvedzidzo, masangano makuru amapurisa nenyanzvi dzedzidzo vanonyevera kuti masangano ebasa anobvuma varwi vakaneta rutongeso, kugadziridza, kana kuti kudzikamisa tsika dzinodikanwa nokuda kwemapurisa azvino uno. Zvisinei, vatsigiri vanopesana kuti mipimo yegamuchidzanwa inowanzova inopesana uye haisati inotsamira paufakazi. Somuenzaniso, kuraira dhigirii yegore ramakore mana rekoreji kungadzivisa kuratidzira varwi kana kuti vatungamiriri venzanga vane ruzivo rwokuzviwanira vangagona kuva vakuru vakuru vakuru vakaisvonaka. Chinokosha, chirevo, ndechekuti, chive nechokwadi kuti mipimo ipi neipi inoramba iri yakabatana zvakananga nebasa uye inogona kurangarirwa nenzira inoyera.

Kuchinja - chinja kweNyika: Kunyatsoongorora Zvitatu Zvevazivi

Kuti unzwisise zvinhu chaizvoizvo zvine simba, kunobetsera kunzvera kuti nyika dzakasiana - siana dzakasvika sei pakuchinja.

California: Muchina Unoshanda Muchikamu, Wakagadzirwa

California yave iri pamberi pechinjo yomutemo. Mukuwedzera kuchinodikanwa chePPOST chokurovedza kworusaruro, hurumende yakapfuudza AB 846 (2020) iyo inorambidza masangano kubvisa vakwidzi vakavakirwa pakushandiswa kwembanje kusati kwaitwa, ichiziva kuti ganhuriro dzakadaro dzakatapurwa nenzira isingaenzaniswi nzanga dzoruvara. Hurumende yakatsigirawo gadziriro yokushanda kwendege nokuda kwe "peer-topeer" kunyoresa kurovedza vakuru vakuru vazvino vanobva mumigariro yakasiana-kasiana kuti vabatire savamiriri pazvinoitika zvenzanga. Miuyo yapakuvamba inobva kuvatyairi vendege vanoshandisa madhipati anoonawo wemipinduro anoona we 25% mukushanda kwevatsvakisi vezera rimwe gore.

Texas: Kudzorwa kwemabhakitiriya, uye Kudzorwa Nemabhazi

Texas, mukupesana, yakatora nzira inowirirana zvikuru. Nepo Texas Commission on Law Inforcement (TCOLE) inogadza mipimo mikuru, mitemo mizhinjisa yokunyoresa inoiswa pamwero wemasipala. Maguta makuru anoverengeka(kubatanidza Houston, Dallas, uye Austin() akatoita mhesano yakasiyana- siyana, asi dare rehurumende rave richinonoka kuita chiito. Chibvumirano cha 2023 chaizoda kuti masangano ose agamuchire gadziriro dzokutsvaka vanhu munzanga chishande. Somuuyo, Texas anoratidzira kusiyana kukuru: mamwe madhipatimendiro ane mabasa akasiyana - siyana zvikuru, nepo mamwe anoramba ari machena navarume.

Connecticut: Kutsigira Kusiyana - siyana Kwemari

Connecticut yakapa mutemo muna 2021 unobatanidza nyika inopa mari nokuda kwezvishandiso zvamapurisa uye ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwemiitiro yebato yemhatsa neyokubatanidza. Iyi nzira yakabvumikisa kuva inoshanda mukukurudzira masangano maduku kutora rutivi. Hurumende yakagadzirawo dare rinopinza nokuzivisa nzvimbo dzinoshaikwa mumadhipatimendi ose, kuchikuita kuti kuve nyore nokuda kwavada kubva kunzvimbo ipi neipi munyika kushandisa. Kubvira pakuvamba kwemitemo, nhamba yezvikumbiro zvinobva kuvakadzi navapangi vashomanene yawedzerawo 18% nyika yose.

Kutsigira Mari Nezvinetso Zvepfuma

Mutemo wehurumende unowanzokundikana kutsanangura mutoro wemari waunoisa pamasangano. Nhano zhinji dzemhatsa dzinoda vashandi vokuwedzera, zvokurovedza nazvo, gadziriro dzemibatanidzwa yemibatanidzwa, uye nhimbe dzokupinda. Pasina mari inopindwa mari inopfuudzwa, madhipatimendi anofanira kutora zvinhu zviripo chaizvoizvo kana kuti kutsvaka mipiro. Bhetureau of Justice Statistics[ dzakanyora kuti masangano ari munyika ane mirayiro isina kunyorwa sezvingabvira zvikuru kushuma kuteererwa kwakazara, uye avo vanowirirana kazhinji kazhinji netsatambira kumiteko yemikoro setanhiko youtano hwenzanga kana kuti yendangariro.

Dzimwe nyika dzakavamba kukurukura uyu mukaha. New Jersey, somuenzaniso, yakagadzira "Kuva norumano muPolicia" kupa chirongwa chinotsigirwa nechemari inobhadharwa nechekubhadharwa pamitero yedare. Mipiro inofukidza ndyiko yerovedzo yerusaruro, kufamba nokuda kwezvinoitika zvokunyoresa, uye kubatira mitezo yeboka renzanga. Dzimwe nyika dzakapa mari yehurumende kubva kuU.S. Department of Justice Community Policing Services (COPS), kunyange zvazvo idzi mibayiro dzemakwikwikwidza dzichiganhurirwa uye dzisingavimbiki.

Basa Routarisiri Hwenzanga

Mutemo munyika dzinoverengeka wakabatanidza nenzira yakarongwa vamiriri venzanga kupinda mumuitiro wokunyoresa. MuWashington, somuenzaniso, House Bill 1310 inoda kuti nzvimbo dzokurovha dzamapurisa dzibatanidze inenge mutezo mumwe wehurumende wenzanga yaibatira, nechisarudzo kuvanhu vanobva mumapoka akarerekera kunhau. Mitemo yakafanana muNorth Carolina neGeorgia yakatanga matare ezvokunyoresa evagari vemo anohwirudzura zvinhu uye miitiro yokuongorora.

Vatsigiri vanotaura kuti kutungamirira nzanga kunowedzera kujeka uye kuvimbisa kuti mipimo yedhipatimendi inowirirana nemipimo yavanhu. Vatsoropodzi vanonetseka kuti ingagona kutungamirira kukurongera kubhadharwa kana kuti kusawirirana kwemhindu. Kunzvera kwokukurumidza kwavhengana. Mushumo unobva National Association for Civinian Oversition of Law Enforcementment (NACOLE) wakawana kuti apo kutora rutivi kwavasiri varwi kunowanzovandudza ruvimbiko nokuzvidavirira, unofanira kuperekedzwa nokurovedza kwakafanira uye kurambwa kwakananga kudzorwa kana kuti kurambwa kwapamutemo kwavakwavakakwa vakakwaniri vakakodzera.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi: Kugadziridza Miitiro Yakanakisisa

Sezvo nyika dzinopfuurira kuvandudza mitoo yadzo, zvidzidzo zvinoverengeka zvakaoneka izvo zvinogona kutungamirira mutemo womunguva yemberi.

  • Mipimo yakavakirwa pa-parepose: Mipimo yokuwana basa inofanira kuvakirwa mukunzvera basa renguva ndokusimbiswa nokunzvera, kwete gamuchidzanwa. Hurumende dzinofanira kuisa mari mukunzvera kuti dzione kuti zvikwanirisoi zvinofanotaurwa chaizvoizvo kuti zvinoshanda uye tsika.
  • Chirevo chinowedzera: Murayiro upi noupi mutsva unofanira kuuya namanyuko akatsaurirwa mari kana kuti muitiro werapi remasangano maduku.Grant mapurogiramu ayo mari inodzoresa yave ichibudirira zvikuru kupfuura mirairo isina kunyorwa.
  • Kuyera mashoko: Kumwero, nyika dzinofanira kuda masangano kupinza kunyoreswa kwegore negore nokuroja mashoko okuwana, kubatanidza kuputsika kwechiverengero chavagari vemo, mwero yokutendeuka kubva pakukumbira kubhadharwa, uye nhamba dzemifungo. Iyi mashoko anofanira kuitwa pachena nokuda kwokuzvidavirira.
  • Kubatanidza namasangano: Mitemo inotangwa mukubvunza namasangano avashandi sezvingabvira zvikuru ichashandiswa zvakanaka. Mitemo yakangwara inochengeta mukuru mukuru wetsika uye kuremekedza zvibvumirano zvinowirirana nepo zvichiri kufambira mberi nharidzano dzemhatsa.
  • Mipaipi yekomuniko: Panzvimbo pokunangidzira ngwariro bedzi panhambo yokurovha, mitemo inobudirira inotsigira zvirongwa izvo zvinoratidzira vanhu vaduku kuva vapurisa pakuvamba. Ikoku kunobatanidza muzvikoro zvechikoro, mapurogiramu akareba, uye batira pamwe namarejijiji eBrack neyunivhesiti zvenhau (HCUS) uye masangano echiHispanic (HS).

Masangano enyika anoverengeka, kubatanidza Ploce Foundation ne International communist Association of Masters of Police, akakudziridza mutemo womuenzaniso unobatanidza miitiro yakanakisisa inobva kunyika dzose. Kugamuchira mapikicha akadaro kunogona kuderedza kukamukana kuripo zvino ndokugadzira mipimo mizhinji inowirirana, nepo kuchibvumira nokuda kwokuchinjika kwomunzvimbomo.

mhedziso

Mutemo wehurumende mubato une simba wokuumba kunyoreswa kwemapurisa uye kurongwa kwemhatsa. Kana ikanyatsogadzirwa uye ichitsigirwa, mitemo iyi inogona kutungamirira kumapurisa anomiririra vanhu vakawanda, kuvimba kukuru kwenzanga, uye migumisiro yokuchengeteka kwevanhu. Zvisinei, muitiro wacho hauna misungo: mirau isina kufungwa zvakanaka inogona kumanikidza masangano ezvombo, kumutsa mhesano dzezvamatongerwe enyika, kana kuti kumutsa mipimo yenyanzvi dzakaderera zvikuru. Mitemo inoshanda zvikurusa ndiyo inovakirwa muufakazi, inotangwa kupfurikidza nemiitiro inovanza mitengo inodzo, uye inotsigirwa nemari inotsigirwa.

Nguva yemberi yemapurisa muAmerica ichatsamira zvikuru pakuti vagadziri vemitemo yehurumende vanogona kuisa iyi dzikamo here. Sezvo madhipatimendi munyika yose anotamburira kuzadza nzvimbo nokuvakazve chivimbo, ngwariro pakunyoreswa nokusiyana ichangowedzera bedzi. Kupfurikidza nokudzidza muzvose zviri zviviri kubudirira nokukundikana kwomutemo wemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, masangano anogona kuita miitiro yeunyanzvi iyo isati ichingounza bedzi vapapatika vakasiana - siana asi inovimbisawo kuti vanoda kushongedzerwa kubatira nenyanzvi dzokushanda nokutendeka.

Pakupedzisira, vavariro yacho haisati iri yokungochinja bedzi uyo anopfeka bheji, asi kuchinja tsika yokuchengetwa kwomutemo umene.