Chinjo Yekodzero Dzeroorano Nokuda KweLGBTQ+ Mhuri

Nhando yokuenzana kwemari yeroorano nokuda kwevakaroorana inhau yokuchinja kwepamutemo, kwenzanga, uye kwetsika. Mumakumi maviri amakore apfuura, nyika dzinopfuura makumi matatu dzakanyoresa roorano imwe cheteyo yevatano, dzichipa mhuri dzinotungamirirwa navakwanyina vetevedzani vamwe chetevo vapamutemo nemhedziso dzenzanga kuti varoorani vakasiyana-pakati vafarikanya kwenguva refu. MuUnited States, chinjo yeChivanze chaMazana aMakore Makuru 2015 mu Obergfell v. Hodges inotambanurwa kodzero dzeroorano kuidzo dzakafanana nedzero dzechikwanyina vogati, zvikurukuru kudzose nyika yeLTBQ+. Kuchinja uku kwakava nerevokwakwa zvikuru nokuda kwamamirioni avana vanorerwa navabereki vane nhamba yeUnited States. [FF]

Kupfuura pamutemo, roorano ine revo huru yenzanga. Kuratidzira kuvana kuti mhuri yavo inozivikanwa, inokosheswa, uye inodzivirirwa. Nokuda kweLGBTQ+ vabereki, roorano yapamutemo inogovera gadziriro inotsigira dzikamo yemhuri, kubvira pamaruramiro okushanyira chipatara kushaya kuzivikanwa kwavabereki. Uku kudzikama kunokosha nokuda kwokukura kwemwana. Kunzvera nguva dzose kunoratidzira kuti vana vanobudirira apo vatarisiri vavo vane tsigiro yapamutemo neyamagariro iri madikanwa kuparira mhoteredzo yakachengeteka. American Psychological Association yakacherekedza kuti vana vavabereki vamwe chetevo vanofambidzana naavo vanobva muvabereki vakasiana-pakati, uye kuti kuzivikanwa kwapamutemo kwemiuyo inosimudzira iyi miuyo ([[[FL:]]]]

Dziviriro Dzapamutemo Netapuro Yadzo Pabatano Yemhuri

Roorano yapamutemo inopa mirwi yedziviriro dzinotapura zvakananga kuva negarikano yavana. Idzi dzinosanganisira kuwana inishuwarenzi youtano inobhadharwa nevashandirwi, vapukunyuki veSangano reNzanga, kodzero dzenhaka, uye mano okuita zvisarudzo zvokurapa mukwanyina kana kuti mwana pasina zvimwe zvipingamupinyi zvepamutemo. Kuda vabereki vasina kuroora kana kuroorwa: kana mubereki akafa asina kuda, mukwanyina anorarama angarasikirwa nokuchengetwa kwemwana kana kuti kutarisana nemhuri.

Inishuwarenzi Youtano uye Kutarisirwa

Vana vane LGBTQ vakaroora vane bviro huru yokuva neinishuwarenzi youtano inopfuurira. Mukuwirirana namazita anobva ku Suppy yekodzero dzevanhu , varoorani voutere vamwe chetevo munyika pasina wirirano yeroorano vakatarisana zvikuru nemwero isingakarirwi zvikuru pamberi pechisarudzo choutano. Kudzikamiswa kweinishuwarenzi youtano kunoderedza dzvinyiriro pavabereki uye kunovimbisa kuti vana vagamuchire tarisiro yenguva dzose yezvokurapa namano, mabasa anodzivirira, uye kurapwa nokuda kwemigariro isingarapiki. Ikoku kunokosha zvikuru nokuda kweLGBTQ, avo vangatotarisana nemigariro yezvoutano inopesana nemhaka yerusaruro kana kuti ganhuriro.

Kuzivikanwa Kwavabereki Nokuchengetwa Kwevabereki Vasina Vatezo

Vabereki vakaroora kana kuti vakaroora vanogamuchira nenzira isingazivikanwi napamutemo kodzero dzavo dzavabereki munyika dzose, vachibvisa kudikanwa kwokurera mwana mumwe nomumwe kana kuti zvirango zvedare. Uku kuziva kunozviitikira kunoreva kuti vabereki vose vari vaviri vanogona kusaina mvumo yechikoro, kubvumira kurapa, uye kuiswa parugwaro rwokubereka rwomwana. Pasina roorano, vabereki vasiri vabhinya vangava vasingazivikanwi zvapamutemo kuvana vavo vamene, vachiparira funganyo nevhiringidziko kana ukama hwacho hukaparara. Nzvero 2019 mumagazini [[FLT: 0] yakawana kuti vana vane pamutemo vane miuyo youtano miviri inozivikanwa neshanyo dzapabopo dzekurumidziro dzinozivikanwa naavo bedzi nomubereki mumwe ([FLD[F:]]]]

Kuva Nehanya Nendangariro Kwavana

Chimwe chezviwanwa zvisingachinjiki mumabhuku ndechekuti vana vanorerwa navabereki vane mitezo mimwe cheteyo yevatano muroorano dzinozivikanwa pamutemo vanoshuma mwero yemirangariro yakanaka yakaenzana ne(//nas) mumativi akati kupfuura(avo vezera ravo vane vabereki vane mitezo yakasiana. Mata-analysis yakabudiswa mu [ Journal of Marriage and Family [[[FLT: 1]] yakahwirudzura mipimo yefundo uye yakagumisa kuti miitiro yemhuri (kupfava, kusachinjana, uye tsigiro) inoita zvakawanda zvikuru nokuda kwemigumisiro yemhuri kana kuti mirangariro yevatano ([FLT:] BBLALZ & Stay, 2020]) roorano yemitemo.

Kuderera Kwokutya uye Kuwedzera Kunzwisisa

Kuenzana kweroorano kunopa shoko rakajeka kuvana: mhuri yenyu inoshanda uye inokosha sechimwe chinhu chipi nechipi. Apo vana vanoona ukama hwavabereki vavo huchitenderwa pamutemo, vanoita pfungwa yetsika nerudado. Ichi chisaririra mukupesana nenyadzi yokunze chinokosha nokuda kwokukura kwendangariro. Fundo youpwere yavana vachiri kuyaruka vevabereki vamwe chetevo vane vabereki vakaroora kana kuti vakaroorwa yakashumwa mwero yakaderera yokuora mwoyo nefunganyo kupfuura avo vane vabereki vakanga vasina kuroora, kunyange pashure pokudzora mugariro wetsika yetsikano yemari ([[FLT: 0]]] Russell &mpile; Fish, 2019 yakawana kuti kuzivikanwa kwapamutemo kweroorano sechinhu chinodzivirira, kudzivirira vana patapuro dzakashata dzervection.

Kubatana Kwemhuri Nokukurukurirana

Varoorani, pasinei zvapo nechimiro chevatano, vanowanzoshuma gutsikano yakakwirira nemwero yakaderera yeroorano kupfuura vakwanyina vasina kuroorana. Idzi dzikamo nokuda kwavana. Kurambana neparadzano zvinoitika zvinotambudza nokuda kwomwana upi noupi, asi nokuda kwavana vari muLGBTQ+ mhuri, njodzi dzacho dzakakwirira nemhaka yokuti gadziriro dzekodzero dzokuchengeta mwana dzingakwikwidzwa kana kodzero dzavabereki dzisati dzasimbiswa zvakajeka. Imba yapamutemo inokurudzira kuzvipira kwenguva refu uye inogovera gadziriro yakaro yakarongwa nokuda kwokurerana, iyo inosimudzira miitiro yenguva dzose nechengeteko yemirangariro.

Kudzidza Nemagariro Evanhu

Kugadzikana kunoparirwa nekodzero dzeroorano kunoshandura kuva betsero dzinodavirika mudzidzo nokukura kwenzanga. Vana vane LGBTQ yakaroora vanoita zvakafanana kuvaenzani vavo pamiedzo yakatarwa, vane mwero yakaenzana yokupedza kufunda kwechikoro chapamusoro, uye vane bviro yakafanana yokupinda pakoreji. Zvisinei, nzvero dzakawana kuti vana vari muhurumende nehuenzani hweroorano vanowana mwero yakaderera yokushusha nokutambura kwezera, sezvingabvira nemhaka yokuti mhoteredzo yapamutemo inogamuchirwa nemirangariro inoshatisa pakati pepwere.

Mamiriro Ezvinhu Echikoro Noukama Hwavaenzani

Apo vabereki vanenge vakaroora zviri pamutemo, zvikoro zvine bviro huru kuziva vabereki vose vari vaviri pazvimiro zvokunyoresa uye zvinovabatanidza mumisangano yavabereki nevadzidzisi. Uku kuoneka kuviri kunoderedza chimiro chemhuri yomwana ndokuderedza bviro yokuparadzana kwemicrock nevadzidzisi kana kuti vanodzidza navo. A 2021 kubva GLSEN (Gy, Lesbian & Lamp; Nhevedzo yedzidzo yapamutemo) akaratidza kuti LGBTQ+ vabereki vakanga vakaroora vakashuma zvinoitika zvishoma zvevashandi vechikoro vanoramba kuonga ukama hwavo, uye vana vavo vakanga vasingatongobviri kupfuudza chikoro nemhaka yokunzwa kuva vasina kuchengeteka. Chinjo yenzangawo betsero dzenzanga: vana vanonzwa mhuri yavo vachiremekedzwa kuva noushamwari hwakanaka uye vanodisa kukoka vamwe vaenzani vavo pamusha pasina kutya mibvunzo isina kunaka.

Kuranga uye Kubudirira Kwomutauro

Kugadzikana kwemhuri, kubatanidza chengeteko yemari inopiwa neroorano, zvinotsigira kukura kwendangariro. Varoorani vane mari yakabatanidzwa yakawandisa uye kugadzikana kwemari kupfuura vakaroorana vasina kuroorana, zvinobvumira kuisa mari mukutarisira vana zvakanaka, kupfumisa mibato, uye zvokushandisa zvokudzidzisa. Nzvero pamusoro pekukura kwepwere nguva dzose dzinobatanidza chengeteko yemari nokukura kwemashoko, basa rokutungamirira, uye kuva nechikoro. Nepo vakaroorana vezvevatano imwe cheteyo vakatarisana nemubayiro wakawanda nerusaruro, kodzero dzeroorano dzakabetsera kuvhara mukaha wamari. Kuziva kwa Williams Institute paUCLA School of Law kunoratidzira kuti varoorani vakaroorana vane mari inotambira mhuri dzakafanana zvino nembadzakasiana-pakati pezvipfupi, vachipesana nezvinenge zvichiitika muuyo wavana ([FL:][0] Institutes]).

Kunzvera Kunoenzanisa: Nzvimbo Nedzisina Kuenzana Kweroorano uye Dzisina

Masangano enyika yose emitemo yeroorano anopa kunzvera kwomusikirwo kwenzira iyo kuzivikanwa kwapamutemo kunotapura nayo vana. Munharaunda umo roorano dzakaitwa, zvakadai seCanada, nyika dzeNordic, uye nhamba inowedzera yehurumende dzeU.S. pamberi pomutemo wa 2015, vanzveri vakatsvaka kuvandudzika kukuru muzviratidzo zvakanaka zvevana. Nenzira inopesana, munyika umo ukama hwevatano hwakaenzana hunoramba huchiitwa noutsotsi kana kuti husingazivikanwi, vana neLBBTQ navabereki vanotarisana nenhamo huru.

Fundo Dzakananga Dzavane Mhaka

  • Canada: Chifo chaapo kunyoresa roorano yevatano muna 2005, vana veCanada muLGBTQ+ mhuri vakaratidza kumwero wakaderera zvikurusa wedepression nefunganyo pakati pavana vose muOECD. Kusimbiswa pachena kwomugariro wemitemo nenzanga kunorumbidzwa kuderedza dzvinyiriro duku nokuda kwemhuri.
  • Noray neSweden: Idzi nyika dzakagovera kwenguva refu kuzivikanwa kwapamutemo nokuda kwemibatanidzwa yevatano imwe cheteyo uye gare gare roorano. Nzvero 2017 kubva kuUniversity of Oslo yakawana kuti vana vane vabereki vouteve humwe chetevo munyika idzodzi havana misiyano mukuita dzidzo kana kuti gadziridzo yendangariro kana kuti kuenzaniswa navana navabereki vane vabereki voutere vakasiana.
  • United States (post-Obergefell): Chisarudzo cha 2015 chakatungamirira kuderedzedzo ye40% munhamo yendangariro inoshumwa pakati pavana vane vabereki vane mitezo mimwe cheteyo yevatano, mukuwirirana nenzvero yeNational Survey of Children’s Health.

Migumisiro Yakashata Mumhoteredzo Dzinoganhurira

Mumativi enyika umo kuenzana kweroorano kusingazivikanwi, zvakadai samarudzi mazhinji muAfrica, Middle East, uye Eastern Europe(vana veLGBT+ vabereki vari mungozi huru. Vangawana kuparadzana kwapamutemo nomubereki mumwe kana vaviri vakatama kana kuti kana mubereki wapamutemo akafa. Rusaruraganda rungatungamirira kukushusha, kusava nedzimba, uye utano hwendangariro husina kunaka. A 2020 neInternational Lesbian, Gay, Bisteroa, Trans and Interssex Association (ILGA) dzakasimbisa zviitiko umo vana vakabviswa mumisha yavo nemhaka bedzi yechimiro chevatano chomubereki, kupunzwa kweChibvumirano cheUnited Nations Convention pakodzero dzeChild ([FUP:]] World [FULD]]] [UP]] muroorano.

Zvinetso Nemhinganidzo

Pasinei zvapo nebetsero dzakajeka dzekodzero dzeroorano, denho dzinokosha dzinosara. Kunyange mumiganhu yeroorano yakaenzana, LGBTQ+ vabereki vachiri vanotarisana nerusaruro mukutarisira utano, dzidzo, uye mabasa enzanga. Tsika dzavabereki dzinogona kuratidzirwa munzira dzamanomano: chiremba angataura bedzi nomubereki mumwe, kana kuti mudzidzisi angafunga kuti mwana haane vanababa vaviri. Uku kurwisana kwavana kunoderedza mhuri munguva. Mukuwedzera, kupfuudzana uye kusava pamutemo kungasangana nezvipingamupinyi zvepamutemo nemhaka yokuti mitemo yeroorano inowanzotsamira pamasangano evatano echinyakare.

Kusawirirana Kwemari

Nepo roorano ichigovera betsero dzemari, LGBTQ+ vanhu vachiri kutarisana nemikana yemibayiro nokusarurwa kwemabasa. Muhurumende 29 dzeU.S., inoramba iri yapamutemo kupisa mumwe munhu nokuda kwoungochani kana kuti kubuda kwechinjo. Uku kukurumidza kwezvemari kunotapura nomutoo usingaenzaniswi varoorani vane mitezo mimwe cheteyo yokubereka nayo, vazhinji vavo vakatorerwa mune zvemari nendyiko dzokurapa kwokubereka kana kuti kurera mwana. Kodzero dzeroorano dzoga hadzigoni kubvisa iyi ganhuriro dzakasimba dzevatano; dzinofanira kubatanidzwa nedziviriro dzinosimba dzisingaganhurirwi uye mitemo yemhuri inobatanidza.

Nzvimbo Dzinowirirana

Vana vemavara ane LGBTQ+ vabereki vanotarisana nerusaruro rwakawedzerwa. Varoorani vevatema nevechiLatinx vakafanana sezvingabvira zvikuru vacharera vana kupfuura vakwanyina vevatano yavachena, bva ivowo vanotarisana nemwero yakakwirira yourombo nekusagadzikana kwedzimba. Roorano yemitemo inobetsera asi haisati ichipedza zvizere urudzi hunotapura mhuri idzi. Mapoka evana vakadai se Mhuri dzeEdicity Council[ inosimbisa kudikanwa kwokupindira kwapamhoterano anotsigira mhuri dzose, pasinei zvapo norudzi, kana kuti mugariro wokutama.

Zvinokurudzirwa Nemitemo Nenhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi

Kuti vawedzere kuva negarikano yavana mumhuri dzeLGBTQ+, vaiti vemitemo navatsigiri vanofanira kuronda gadziriro dzinotevera:

  1. Kuzivikanwa kweroorano kusawirirana: Kupfuurira kumanikidzira wirirano yeroorano munyika dzose dzeU.S. nenharaunda, uye masangano anotsigira munyika yose anoshanda nokuda kwokuzvidzwa kwoutsotsi nokuzivikanwa kwapamutemo munyika dzinoganhurira.
  2. [ Mitemo yavabereki: inosimbisa kuti vana vavabereki vane mitezo mimwe cheteyo yevatano vanofungidzirwa pamutemo kuva navabereki vose vari vaviri savachengeti vapamutemo, kunyange kana vabereki vasina kuroorwa panguva yokuberekwa. Ikoku kunogona kuwanwa kupfurikidza nezviito zvomubereki kana kuti chinjo dzokubereka.
  3. Kudzivirira rusaruro: Mitemo yakakwana isingadzongonyedzi inobatanidza dzimba, basa, tarisiro youtano, uye pokugara pavose nokuda kweLGBTQ+ vanhu. Chiito cheEality muU.S. chingagona kuvhara mabudiro akawanda aripo.
  4. Mitemo yemhuri yakatambanudzwa: zororo remhuri rinobhadharwa, kutarisira mwana kwakakwana, uye gadziriro dzemari yokutsigira kuitira kuti mhuri dzose — zvikurukuru idzo dzinotungamirirwa naLGBTQ+ vabereki veruvara rwakadai sechinokura.
  5. Rovedzo yemakwikwi: Rovedza rovedzo yevadzidzisi, vatarisiri vezvoutano, uye vashandi venzanga pamusoro penzira yokutsigira nayo LGBTQ+ mhuri dzinotapurika nedzinotapurika.

mhedziso

Kodzero dzeroorano dzinopfuura zvikuru zviitiko zvetsika kana kuti zvokufananidzira, inheyo yesimba remhuri, inopa chengeteko yemitemo, yezvemari, uye yemirangariro iyo inobetsera zvakananga vana. Makumi amakore okunzvera kwavezera kunosimbisa kuti vana muLGBTQ vane vabereki vakaroora vanofarikanya miuyo yakafanana kana kuti iri nani kupfuura migariro yemhuri. Sezvo fungu renyika yose kukuenzana muroorano rinopfuurira kumuka, ufakazi huri pachena: apo tinotsigira mhuri kupfurikidza neroorano yapamutemo, tiri kuisa muutano, mufarwa, uye nguva yemberi yavana vavo. Kurangarira maruramiro eroorano akafanana mudzimwe zvimiro zvemhuri. Sezvo mugariro weroorano kuenzanidziri unopfuurira nokuda kwechizvarwa chinotevera hausiwo zvawo mugariro unoshuvo.