Kunzwisisa Gadziriro Yomutemo

Gadziriro yomutemo imavambo okudzora kwehurumende yehurumende. Inzira yakarongeka umo mifungo yemitemo mitsva inorongwa kuidzorwa neiripo(//idzo dzoruvara rwemifungo kuidzo iripo), inokurukurwa, yakadzokororwa, uye pakupedzisira inoitwa. Nepo muitiro wacho ungaratidzika kuva usinganzwisisiki kana kuti uri kure, miuyo yawo inoumba zvakananga chinhu chaichoicho chezuva nezuva choga choga. Kubva mumipimo yekotsekano yemotokari yatinochaira tichienda kumugariro wemvura yatinonwa, anenge mativi ose oupenyu hwazvino unotaputirwa nomutemo. Kunzwisisa kuti muitiro uyu unoshanda sei hausiwo muitiro wedzidzowo; unoshongedzera vanhu vamwe navamwe zivo kuti vaite zvine revo nehurumende yavo uye vatsigire chinjo dzakaita kuti vazvinoita.

Nheyo huru iri seri kwegadziriro yomutemo ndeyokurangarira. Kusafanana nemirayiro yavakuru vakuru inogona kupiwa pasina kunyorwa, mutemo unoda chibvumirano cheboka chavamiririri vakasarudzwa. Ikoku kunovimbisa kuti mirangariro yakawanda inorangarirwa mutongo usati wava mutemo. Kunyange zvazvo nhano chaidzo dzinosiana nenyika (somuenzaniso, gadziriro yeparamende yakafanana negadziriro yapurezidhendi weUnited Kingdom yakasiana neiyo yeUnited States / mufungo uri pasi pehudzo unoramba usingachinji: Chiratidzo chinofanira kutenderera nhevedzano yemitengo yokunzvera kuti chive nechokwadi chokuti yasanosanogadzirwa, inoita zvakanaka, uye inotsigirwa zvikuru.

Mitauro Mikuru Mugadziriro Yomutemo

Kunyange zvazvo mitemo chaiyo uye yemitemo ichisiyana pakati pevatungamiriri vehurumende, mipimo iri pasi apa inomiririra rwendo rwebhikameral rwakadai seyaUnited States Congress, asi nheyo dzacho dzinoshanda zvikuru.

Kugadzira Bhiropini

Muitiro unotanga nguva refu musati watangwa nenzira yapamutemo. Kuronga kunoitwa kazhinji kazhinji nenyanzvi dzemitemo mukubvunza vaiti vemitemo, mapoka ezvikomborero, kana kuti masangano anotarisira. Chibvumirano chinofanira kunyorwa nokungwarira kuti chiwane muuyo wacho unorondwa pasina miuyo yapamutemo yakarongwa. Somuenzaniso, Conreg.Gov shopu yemipimo inoratidza kuti zvikwereti zvizhinji zvinoshanda mapeji akawanda uye zvinobatanidza rondedzero dzakananga, gadziriro dzokuchengeta, uye gadziriro dzemari. Nhano dzechimuchimbichimbidzidzo dzinowanzoda betsero kubva kuva nyanzvi dzegadziriro yokunyora zvinyorwa kuti dzisimbire mipimo yapamutemo.

Kutanga uye Kuverenga Kwokutanga

Mudare reUnited States Congress, mutezo unofanira kutsigira mutemo wacho nenzira yakarongwa. Mukati mokurava kwokutanga, musoro wepepa unoraviwa zvinonzwika, uye unogoverwa nhamba (muchib., H.R. 1 kana kuti S. 1). Chikamu ichi ndechetsika asi chinoratidzira mavambo ehurumende orwendo rwemitemo.

Kuongorora kweDare

Matare ndiwo anopupurira basa chairo regadziriro yemitemo. Matare anomira akadai seDare reMari reIndaneti kana kuti reNhare Education Komiti neSangano reBasa. Pano, chibvumirano chinoongororwa zvikuru: kunzwa kunopupurirwa apo nyanzvi nevanoisa matare vanopupurira, uye dare ringaranga mutongo wacho nemhedziso. Maererano ne Govtrack. kunzvera, mari zhinjisasesasero (inopfuura 90%) inofa mudare, isingatongosviki uriri. Iyi dare repamberi, inovimbisa kuti zvikarakadzo zvemakero zvakanaka zviri mberi. Somuenzaniso, Gwe reDice Aiarcacts Acts anofamba mwedzi yedare ra19909 yekuteerera uye kushamba kwemvura.

4. Nharo Nokutamba

Kana dare rikataura zvakanaka nezvechibvumirano, rinoenda kunzvimbo yakazara kuti rikakavadzane. Mitemo inodzora inogona kuva yakasimba: muImba yeU.S., Dare reMitemo rinowanzogadza miganhu yenguva uye rinoganhurira, nepo Dare rinobvumira kurukurirano isina kuganhurirwa kutoti yakumbirwa. Kukakavadzana kwouriri kunobvumira vaiti vemitemo kukwikwirirana kana kuti kupesana nemutemo, kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji kunosimbisa tapuro yazvo pavana. Vhoti yokupedzisira inonyorwa, uye kana voruzhinji vakabvumira, rugwaro runopfupikisa mukamuri iroro.

5. Kurangarira Nedare Rechipiri

Mumitemo yebidaral, mutengo wacho unozoenda kune imwe kamuri, inodzokorora dare neuriri. Kana kamuri rechipiri rikapfuudza shanduro yakasiyana, dare remusangano((rino complete yemitezo) yemativi ose ari maviri(zvinofanira kuyananisa misiyano. Iyi nhanho inogona kuva inokakavara, sezvo rutivi rumwe norumwe runorwira zvokudya zvinokosha. Kubvumirana kwemutemo kunofanira kutenderwa nemakamuri ose ari maviri muchimiro chakafanana. Muenzaniso unozivikanwa iPrititizetection neAACOM (ACA), iyo yakapinda mugadziriro yakasiyana - siyana uye mubatanidzwa pamberi pechikamu chokupedzisira muna 2010.

6. Kutenderwa Nokuitwa

Pashure pokunge makamuri ose ari maviri abvuma, bhiriti racho rinotumirwa kumukuru-mukuru wehurumende. Mukuru mukuru anogona kusaina mutemo mumutemo, kana kuti kuubvumira kuva mutemo pasina kusaina (pashure penhambo yakagadzwa). A kana kuti anogona kubatwa nevoruzhinji vaviri mudzimba mbiri dzose, kunyange zvazvo izvi zvisingawanzoitiki. Kana zvasainwa, pamutemo wacho unogoverwa nhamba yavose uye unova unosimbiswa mumirau mukuru. Kuitwa chaiko kunoitwa ipapo kunoitwa namasangano ehurumende kupfurikidza nokugadzira mitemo, sezvinoonekwa nezvinyorwa [[FTLD:0] FED]

Tapuro Isingabviri Paupenyu Hwezuva Nezuva

Pasi apa pane nzvimbo huru umo muitiro wemitemo unotapura zvakananga vanhu nenzanga.

Kurapwa

Mitemo yezvoutano inodzora kuti ndiani anogona kupinda mabasa okurapa, pamutengoi, uye mumigariroi. ACA yakafutunurwa kumamirioni, kurambwa kunorambidzwa nemhaka yemigariro isati yavapo, uye yakabvumira vakuru kurambira pagadziriro dzavabereki kutozosvikira pazera 26.

Dzidzo

Mitemo yeFederal nehurumende inosarudza nzira dzokushandisa mari nokuda kwezvikoro, zvinodikanwa zvomudzidzisi, mipimo yedzidzo (sechikamu cheMudzidzi Ari Wose Wekubudirira paAtomu), uye miitiro yechikwereti chavadzidzi. Nokuda kwedzidzo yakakwirira, muitiro wemitemo wakaita mitemo kubva kuGI Bill kusvikira kuPell Grants, kugonesa mamirioni kupinda pakoreji. Pamwero womunzvimbomo, mitemo yezvikoro yezvikoro jenidzo yetsika muchisiko /Didzorese chinhu chiri chose kubva mukusarudza bhuku kubva kunguva dzokutanga. Kuchinja mumitengo yemitemo kunogona kureva musiyano pakati peruwa chine purogiramu yeSTEM kana kuti kudzorwa kwemichina.

Kuchengeteka Kworuzhinji Neruramisiro Yeutsotsi

Kudzikamiswa kwomutemo kunoumba miitiro yokuchengetwa kwomutemo, kurayira mirayiridzo, uye kururamisa mitemo. Chibvumirano cheRholth Crime Control and Law Entorcement Act cha1994, somuenzaniso, chakagovera mari nokuda kwamapurisa namajeri asi chakabetserawo kusungwa kukuru. Mitemo yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi yakadai seFost Step Act (2088) yakavavarira kuchinjazve kuranga nokuderedza kutsiva. Pamwero wenzvimbo yacho, mitemo inodzora kuchengetwa kwemigwagwa, kunyunyuta kweruzha, uye kuvaka mitemo inotapura kuchengeteka kwapachena.

Dziviriro Dzemhoteredzo

Mutemo wemhoteredzo unogadza ganhuriro pashatiso, dzivirira tsvina yemarudzi ari mungozi, uye nhamburiko dzemari. Ceaner Water, Clean Air Act, uye National Environmental Policy Act ishongwe yemitemo yemhoteredzo yeU. Iyi mitemo ine miuyo inopfuudzira: sezvo Eacle Air Act yeZ yakapfuudzwa, zvinosvibisa mhepo zvikuru zvakadonha nainopfuura 70% mukuwirirana ne [FLD:0] EPA . . Mitemo yemitemo pamusoro pomutemo pamusoro pomuitiro wemamiriro okunze enzvimbo yeReduction Act, segadziriro dzesimba rakachena, inosarudza kufamba kwechinjo yokumupinduro kuvandudza simba. Vagari vemo vanowana miuyo kupfurikidza nomugariro wemhepo wakavandudzwa, nzvimbo dzomusikirwo, uye zviko zvemagetsi zvemagetsi zvemagetsi.

Muitiro Wemari Nemari Yomunhu Oga

Mitemo yemitero, miraudzo mishoma, zvibvumirano zvokutengesa, uye dziviriro dzavatengi zvose zvibereko zvomutemo. Mutengi naMabasa zva2017 zvakachinja zvikwaniriso zvemari yemitero yavanhu nemwero yemasangano, zvichitapura kutora mari yemusha nokuisa mari yebhizimisi. Dodd-Frank Wall Street Reformation naConsurection Protection Act (2010) yakagadzira mari inodzivirira mari, iyo yakadzorera mabhiriyoni avatengi kukuvadziko yakakuvadzwa nokukweretesa. Zvisarudzo zvemitemo pamusoro pemiba, mari inosunda, uye mari inodzosakisa inopesvedzera zvakananga chengeteko yemari.

Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo Neruramisiro Yenzanga

Chiratidzo chekodzero dzevanhu chakanyorwa neRovil Rights Act ya1964, Voting Rights Act ya1965, American ane Division Act (ADA) yakada kupfuudzwa nokurwisa kukuru kwemitemo. Iyi mitemo yakarambidza rusaruro rwakavakirwa padzinza, vatano, urema, uye mamwe mavara, mabasa anodzosa, zvikoro, uye pokugara. Nguva pfupi yapfuura, mutemo wehurumende pamusoro pokuvhota, LGBTQ+ kodzero, uye kubvisa pamuviri kunopfuurira kushanduka, nemigumisiro yakananga nokuda kwokuenzana uye rusununguko rwomunhu. Muitiro wemitemo unogovera mitoo yapasi pezvirongwa zvemitemo kuti zviwaro zvepamutemo uye zvisarudzo mutsika dzinotemwa.

Kugadzirwa Kwezvinhu uye Madhigirii

Sezvo ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu runowedzera, mitemo mitsva inotanga kudzora mashoko akavanzika, computersecurety, uye zvinhu zvedzidzo.

Nzira Iyo Vagari Vanogona Kubatanidzwa Nayo Negadziriro Yomutemo

Vagari vemo vane zvinhu zvakasiyana - siyana zvavanogona kushandisa kuti vape simba rokuita kuti mitemo ishande uye kuti vasaparadze vaiti vemitemo.

Vamiriri Vanoreverwa Vane Ushamwari

Nhare dzefoni, maemail, uye tsamba zvinoramba zvichishanda zvikuru. Mitezo yevashandi inonyora tsamba dzakasiyana- siyana, uye kuwedzera kwekurukurirano panhau yakati kunogona kupesvedzera vhoti yomuiti wemitemo. Mubatanidzwa wekombiyuta unoita se USA.gov zvinoita kuti zvive nyore kuwana mashoko ehurumende, hurumende, uye vamiririri vomunzvimbomo. Nhau dzomunhu oga dzinoratidzira simba retsigiridzo rebhiti dzive nyore.

Kugoverana Mukutonga Kwevanhu Vose uye muHoro Dzeguta

Misangano yehoro yeguta inoitiswa nevanodzika mitemo inogovera nzvimbo yakananga yokubvunza mibvunzo uye kubvunza zvinonetsa. Kugadzirira kunokosha: kuverenga pfupiso yebhiri racho uye kunzwisisa zvarinoreva.

Kukumbanira Kana Kuti Kuumba Mapoka Okudzora

Mapoka akarongwa anokudza manzwi avanhu vamwe navamwe. Chingava sangano rorudzi rakadai seLeague of Women Voters kana kuti mubatanidzwa womunzvimbomo wemibatanidzwa, mapoka okunzvera, anounganidza vatsigiri, uye anosangana navaiti vemitemo.

Mitemo Yakananga Kupfurikidza Nokutanga Nokudzorera

Mumaruwa akawanda, vagari vemo vanogona kudarika chose chose mitemo kupfurikidza nezvirongwa zvokuvhota nokupa mapepa. Izvi zvinobvumira zvikarakadzo kuiswa pavhoti kupfurikidza nokuunganidza nhamba dzakakwana dzesvomhu. Mienzaniso inobatanidza kunyoreswa pamutemo kwembanje, kuwedzera kwemibhadharo shoma, uye kuchinja kusingatapurwa.

Kuzivisa Muzvisarudzo Zvikuru uye Zvenguva Dzose

Nhuro dzinosarudza kuti ndiani anonyora mitemo. Sarudzo huru inokosha zvikuru nemhaka yokuti vanosarudza vadaviri vanomirira nzvimbo dzisina kutsarukana zvikuru kupfuura zvingakarakadza. Muvhoti mupringi zvinoreva chiverengero chiduku chavagari vemo vanosundwa chinogona kuva nepesvedzero isingaenzaniswi. Nzvero inoratidza kuti vaiti vemitemo vanogamuchira zvikuru vavhoti nguva dzose.

Migumisiro Yakaipa Yokupa Mitemo

Gadziriro yomutemo haisi nzira imwe inodzorwa nomutemo. Watogadzwa, mutemo unowanzoita mipimo yokubvuma: dare rinodenha kuva kwaro rebumbiro remitemo, masangano anoshandisa mitemo ingabveruka pavavariro yomutemo, uye mhinduro yavose inotungamirira kudanidzo kana kuti kudzorwa. Somuenzaniso, TeMENCORS Act ya1996 yakaitirwa kusimudzira makwikwi asi yakagonesawo kubatanidza kuti vatsoropodzi vaikuvadza zvinyorwa zvomunzvimbomo.

Uyezve, mutemo unogona kuva nemigumisiro inopesana. Zvibvumirano zvebhizimisi, zvibvumirano zvemhoteredzo, uye mipimo yoruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu zvakaiswa nenyika imwe zvinowanzova tsika dzenyika yose. GDPR muenzaniso mukuru: makambani munyika yose akagamuchira mipimo yawo yokudzivirira mashoko kuti arambe achishanda mumisika yeEurope. Nenzira yakafanana, mutemo weU.S. wokugadzira mishonga unoita kuti mishonga ishandure munyika dzichiri kubudirira. Kunzwisisa kuti mitemo inoita kuti vagari vemo vanzwisise kuti nyika yavo haingozvidzori bedzi sei asi kuti igadzirisewo masangano enyika dzakawanda.

mhedziso

Gadziriro yomutemo inopfuura zvikuru muitiro wemiitiro yemaune yezvirongwa. Injini inoshandura zvinodikanwa zvavose kuva zvinobatanidzwa mudziviriro, mabasa, uye kodzero. Mutemo mumwe nomumwe unopa mwana mvumo yemvumo, unodzivirira mwana paIndaneti, kana kuti mari dare routano ravose rinobva mukuvapo kwake kwenhano dzechirongwa, kunzvera, uye kutendera. Nepo muitiro wacho unogona kuva unononoka, unoshatisa, uye unoitwa nemitsetse yezvamatongerwe enyika, unoramba uri mutoo wapamutemo zvikurusa wokuita nayo mitemo inobatira munzanga yedemocratic. Kupfurikidza nokudzidza kuti inoshanda sei nokushingaira, vagari vemo vemone vanogona kuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo inopfuudza mipimo yavo uye denho dzenguva yavo. Kutapura upenyu hwezuva nezuva hakusi kure nedonzo chairo rehurumende inotonga.

Nokuda kwokuravazve pamusoro penzira yokuronda nayo zvikwereti, shanyira .gov. Nokuda kwemashoko ehurumende etsika, Conferenceal of State Legislatures[ inopa zviteshi zvakawanda. Kunzwisisa muitiro wacho inhano yokutanga kukunzwa inzwi rako.