Ukama pakati poutariri hwemitemo nokushanda zvakanaka kwehurumende inzvimbo yakakomba yefundo musayenzi yezvamatongerwe enyika uye udzori hwehurumende. Kutarisira kwemitemo kunonongedzera kukuhwirudzura, kuongorora, uye kutungamirira kwamasangano ehurumende, zvirongwa, uye kugadzirwa kwemiitiro kunokosha kuti pave nechokwadi chokuzvidavirira nokuoneka kwehurumende. Kana kukavapo kunosimbisa nenzira inobudirira, kunodzora zviremera zvehurumende, kudzora mari dzemitero dzinoshandiswa semadonzo. Zvisinei, kushanda kwoutariri kunosiyana zvikuru mumasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika, simba remitemo, uye simba rehurumende. Kunzwisisa izvi kunokosha kuyera kuti kudzorerwe kuti kudzore zvose zviri zviviri tarisiro yehurumende inoita kuti ishandukudzo, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti mari yokubhadhara mitero ishanduko inodzorwa.

Kunzwisisa Utariri Hwomutemo

Kutarisira kwomutemo kunoshanda secherekedzo pabazu guru, kubetsera kudzivisa kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti pfuma yavose inoshandiswa nenzira inobudirira. Inobatanidza mibato yakasiana---phasitiki, kubatanidza kunzwa, kunzvera, uye kunzvera. Kupfurikidza nokuita kuti vakuru vakuru vehurumende vazvidavirire, matare anogona kusimudzira zviremera zviri nani nokuwedzera chivimbo chavanhu. Panzvimbo yayo, kutungamirira hakusati kuri pamusoro pokuwana mhaka asi pamusoro pevandudziko inopfuurira. Dare reU.S., somuenzaniso, rinoshandisa kutarisira kuchenesa mitemo, kuzivisa idicciencies, uye kugadziridza miitiro kumigariro inochinja mamiriro ezvinhu. Nenzira yakafanana, gadziriro dzedare muEurope dzinoshandisa nhambo dzemibvunzo, kunzvera, uye mahofisi echiuto kuti richengete pasina kudzora kambani.

Hwaro Hwebumbiro reMitemo

Muhurumende dzinosarudzwa navanhu zhinjisa, simba rokutarisira hurumende rinotangira muparadzano yebumbiro remitemo yamasimba. Chiremera chedare remitemo chokunzvera, magwaro echikamu chepepasi, uye kushevedza zvapupu zvinogovera nzvero yetsika pamukuru mukuru. Zvisinei, ukuru hwesimba iri hunosiana: mumiitiro yapurezidhendi seUnited States, utariri kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji hunowedzera zvikuru kuva hwechiito chekudzoreso, nepo mugadziriro dzeparamende dzakafanana neUnited Kingdom, kutungamirira kunoitika kupfurikidza nemiitiro inobatira pamwe chete yakadai sematare anosarudza. Kunzwisisa idzi nheyo dzemitemo kunobetsera kutsanangura chikonzero nei miitiro yokutarisira yakasiana neiyi inogona kusimbiswa kupfurikidza nokuchinja kwesangano.

Kugutsikana: Kudzikamisa

Chinetso chinopfuurira muutariri idzikamo pakati pekuzvidavirira nokusanoita. Kunyanyotarisira kunogona kunonotsa kuita chisarudzo, kugadzira tape tsvuku, uye kuomesa kutangwa kwenzvimbo dzavose. Nenzira yepaniko, kusakwanisa kutarisira kukoka uori netsvina. Masangano anotarisira anoshanda zvakanaka anorongedzerwa kuisa kuwiriranisa, kuisa panzvimbo dzakakwirira, kupfurikidza nokunzvera kwengozi, uye kudzivisa kudzora kwemicrobicrobinementmentation. Office yeHurumende (GAO) muUnited States inoratidzira uku kusvika kuno kupfurikidza nokuisa zvirongwa zvayo papurogiramu nedenho hurusa.

Kushandiswa Kweutarisiri

Kutarisira kwomutemo kunoshanda kupfurikidza nemhatsa yemiitiro yakarongwa neyamasanga.

Kunzwa Kwamagariro Avanhu Nemaelementi

Kunzwa ndiwo mutoo unooneka zvikurusa wetarisiro. Matare anoshevedza vakuru vemasangano, vanyori vemadhipatimendi, uye nyanzvi dzakazvimirira kuti vapupurire pakuitwa kwemiitiro, kuronga majekiseni, kana kuti nhau dzinobuda. Kunzwa kwavose kunobatira zvose zviri zviviri chipupuriro nebasa rokukurukura: zvinozivisa vaiti vemitemo uye vanhu panguva imwe chete. Zvisinei, nzeve dzinogona kuva dzinova dzinodzorwa, dzinova dzakakwirira panzvimbo pekubvunza kwokuzvidira. Kuderedza ikoku, matare mazhinji emitemo akagamuchira mitemo inoda kupiwa pachinetsoro mberi uye anoganhurira nguva yokubvunza kuti asimbise kungwa.

Matare Anoongorora

Matare anonzvera anotangwa kuti aferefete postration chaiwo pawareve, kukundikana kwourongwa, kana kuti kuputsika kukuru kwemiitiro. Aya matare kazhinji kazhinji ane simba duku uye anogona kusunda kubudiswa kwezvinyorwa zvomukati. Mienzaniso yeMienzaniso yePropatimendi Inobatanidza Dare Rokusarudza Imba paFoto yeFoto Attack neDare raPublic Maakaundial. Matare ePrestigative anogona kuparira chinjo dzinogara kwenguva refu, asi anoda pfuma huru nechido chezvamatongerwe enyika. Anogonawo kuva ngozi yokuva mativi ehondo kana asina kusanorongwa nemitezo yakadzikama nezvinonongedzera.

Kuongorora Mabhangi uye Kuongorora Mari

Simba rechikwama iri chimwe chezvishandiso zvakasimba zvikuru zvedare rehurumende. Kupfurikidza nenzvero dzemari, matare emitemo anonzvera gadziriro dzinoshandiswa dzesangano, zvitsauko zvemibvunzo, uye tarisiro dzezvitsama chaizvoizvo. Kunzvera kushanda kunoenderera mberi nokunzvera kana mapurogiramu achiwana miuyo yawo yakarongwa. Masangano eeperec a zamaakaunzi eU.S. Aya maAustriation Office (GAO) kana kuti Dare reEurope rePunivertis mentality, anopa kunzvera kusingatsamisi uko maapokanwa.

Mishumo Yebasa Nenzvero Yepurogiramu

Kupfuura kunzvera kwemari, kunzvera kushanda kunoyera kana purogiramu dzehurumende dzichibudirira, dzinoshanda, uye dzakakwana. Uku kunzvera kuchishandisa mitoo yeremikoro yereshita nerekuyera, kubatanidza kunzvera kwemari, miuyo, uye bvunzurudzo. Mitemo inoisa mari mukunzvera kwokutsaurirwa kwemari (_Zvese seCongregal Bactal Bactal Office (CBO) kana kuti UK’s National Accurecument Office (*) kuwana simba rokuedza kudenha kutaura kwesangano rezvokutsvaka uye kubudisa zvinyorwa zvinotsigira. Chinetsoro chiri kuvimbisa kuti kuongorora kutendwa, uko kunowanzoda kutevedzerwa kwegadziriro kweProgiramu uye dzvinyiriro yemitemo.

Betsero Dzoutariri Hunotonga

Kutarisira hurumende kunobudirira kunogona kubatsira hurumende dzakawanda kuti ibudirire uye izviite.

Kuwedzera Kuona Zvinhu

Mibato inodzorwa nevezvokufamba inoita kuti masangano ashande nenzira inooneka, achipa vanhu mashoko pamusoro pezviito zvehurumende. Uku kuoneka kunoderedza kuwiriraniswa kwamashoko pakati pavagari vemo nehurumende. Apo kunzwa kunobudiswa paIndaneti, vanhu vanowedzera kunzwisisa miitiro yokuita zvisarudzo. Kuona chitarisiko kunodzivisawo kusazvibata: kuziva kuti zviito zvichanzverwa zvichikurudzira kuwirirana nemitemo nemiraudzo. Kunzvera kubva ku CD Regatation Policy Outlook [ kunoratidza kuti nyika dzine zvinodikanwa zvakasimba zvokuoneka zviri nani zvikuru zvinozivikanwa nohuratiko.

Kuzvidavirira Kwakawedzerwa

Apo vaiti vemitemo vanotarisira zviito zvehurumende, vakuru vakuru sezvingabvira zvikuru vachazvidavirira nokuda kwezvisarudzo zvavo nokushandisa. Kuzvidavirira kunogona kuva nezvimiro zvinoverengeka: kuzvidavirira kwezvamatongerwe enyika (kupfurikidza nesarudzo nokurega basa kwoushumiri), kuzvidavirira kwapamutemo (kupfurikidza nematare nezvibvumikiso), uye kuzvidavirira kwokutarisira (kupfurikidza nezvibvumirano zvokuita nezvokuongorora). Mitezo yokutonga inoparira kuzvidavirira kunobatanidza zviito zvavakuru vakuru kudzokera shure kudonzo remitemo. Somuenzaniso, apo sangano rehurumende rinokundikana kusvitsa miganhuro yomutemo, matare emitemo anogona kuraira kutsanangura nokuronga mutemo.

Basa Rakabudirira

Nzvero yenguva dzose inokurudzira masangano kuvandudza kushanda kwawo nokupiwa basa. Chinozivikanwa se “Sangano reHawna rekushanda” rinoshanda pano: apo masangano anoziva kuti ari kuonekwa, anowanzoshanda zvakanaka. Kuongorora kunogonawo kuziva miitiro yakanakisisa inogona kutevedzerwa mumasangano. Somuenzaniso, jasi reGO’s“SHE - Risk List" rinosimbisa mapurogiramu ehurumende anogona kuparadzwa, kubiridzirwa, kana kuti kubatwa zvisina kufanira, kutungamirira masangano kuti ashandise zviito zvokururamisa. Nokufamba kwenguva, idzi kuvandudza kunogona kutungamirira kumigumisiro yakanaka nokuda kwevagari vemo.

Kuvimba Nevanhu Vose uye Kutonga Kwehurumende

Kutarisira kwomutemo kunokurudzira chivimbo chavose kupfurikidza nokuratidzira kuti vamiriri vanosarudzwa vanobatanidzwa nokushingaira mukutarisira mibato yehurumende. Munhambo yokuderera kwechivimbo mumasangano, utariri hunobudirira hunogona kubatira seyakaenzana nenzwisiso dzoushati kana kuti kusakwanisa. Nzvero dzinobva ku Pew Research Center dzinoratidzira kuti chivimbo muhurumende chakakwirira apo vagari vemo vanorangarira kuti kunzvera nedzikamo zvinoshanda. Kunzwa kunoshanda, apo kunoitiswa nounyanzvi, kunosimbisa pfungwa yokuti hakuna munhu ari pamusoro pomutemo.

Zvinetso Zvokutarisira Zvinobudirira

Kukunda zvipingamupinyi izvi kunoda kuti pave nokuchinja kwemasangano uye kuzvipira mune zvematongerwo enyika.

Matongerwe Enyika uye Kutendeutswa Kwenyika

Mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika anogona kutungamirira kurwisano dzinoderedza batira pamwe yebipartiss iri madikanwa nokuda kwokutarisira kunobudirira. Mumhoteredzo dzinenge dzaparadzaniswa zvikuru, utariri hunowanzova chombo chinoshandiswa nevoruzhinji mukurwisana navashoma kana kuti zvinopesana. Ikoku kunogona kuguma nokunzvera kusingasaruri, zvishandiso zvinopambadzwa, uye kurasikirwa nokuvimbwa navanhu. Kuderedza ikoku, mamwe matare okugadza mitemo akaisa mutezo wedare wezvizvarwa zvebhistartis, kana kuti masangano anozvimirira. Zvisinei, apo kushata kwakakomba kunonyanyoshata, kunyange aya masangano angakundikana.

Kushaikwa Kwepfuma Nemhindu

Mitemo ingashaiwa mari iri madikanwa navashandi kuti vaite mabasa outariri hwakakwana. Maparamende akawanda, zvikurukuru munyika dzichiri kusimukira, anoshanda nemari shomanene uye kuganhurirwa kunzvera kwounyanzvi. Kunyange munyika dzakapfuma, vaiti vemitemo vamwe navamwe kazhinji kazhinji vane vashandi vaduku vomunhu oga uye vanovimba nevashandi vedare avo vanganyanyowandiswa. Mugumisiro ndewoutariri hwenhando hunokundikana kuziva nhau dzegadziriro. Kuisa mari mumasangano anozvishandira uye kurovedzwa kwavana vagadziri vemitemo kunogona kubetsera kuvhara mukaha uhu. [[FLT: 0] GA] tsinhiro yebasa yedare iro ringasimbisa kukosha kwokugovera Dare nenguva, mashoko okutsigira zvisarudzo.

Kudzivisa Kunoitwa Nehurumende

Masangano ehurumende angadzivisa nhamburiko dzokutarisira, achiarangarira seanozvidza kana kuti anotyisidzira. Uku kudzivisa kunogona kuva zvimiro zvakawanda: mhinduro dzinononozetswa kuzvinokumbirwa, magwaro akagadziriswa, kutaura kweropafadzo yehurumende, kana kuti kunyange kusawirirana chaiko. Kudzivisa kwehurumende kunonetsa zvikuru apo masangano anotonga anenge asina masimba okuchengeta, zvakadai sokukwanisa kuzvidza vakuru vakuru. Kusimbisa zvirango nokuda kwokusawirirana uye kuvimbisa kuti matare anotarisira ane zano rapamutemo rakasununguka kunogona kuderedza kurwisa kwakadaro.

Mashoko Asymmetry

Vadzori vemitemo vangasava nemhindu kumashoko ose anodikanwa kuita tarisiro inobudirira. Masangano ehurumende anodzora zvitsama zvikuru zvemashoko, uye angagovera nenzira yakasarudzwa mashoko anopa mufananidzo wakanaka. Aya mashoko anowedzerwa neunyanzvi hwemitemo yakawanda, zvakadai semitemo inodzivirira, kudzivirirwa, kana kuti mari yezvoutano. Kutaura neiyi, matare okuisira mitemo anogona kupinza masangano anopinza mashoko akarongwa, uye kushandisa maturusi ebasa kuti azivise mashandiro anoitwa neanoshanda.

Kuongorora Kuitwa Kwevatungamiriri

Kuongorora nyaya dzakananga kunogona kujekesa kuti kutarisira mitemo kwakaita sei kuti hurumende ibudirire uye izviite.Mienzaniso iyi inoratidza kuti utarisiri hunogona kufambira mberi uye hunotadza kuitwa.

Chinokwezva Chinoiswa Mumvura

Chinonyadzisa cheWatergate muma 1970 muenzaniso mukuru wenzira iyo utariri hwemitemo hunogona nayo kufumura nayo ushati hwehurumende hunokosha. Kutonga kweCongregation kwakazivisa kusazvibata kukuru kunoitwa nehurumende yeNixon, kubatanidza kuongorora kusiri kwapamutemo, kudzongonyedzwa kweruramisiro, uye kushandiswa zvisina kufanira kwesimba. Kutepfekedzwa kwaiitwa, kuchiita kuti vatongi vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vakakwirira vabvume, asi kwakasimbisawo kudikanwa kwesimba guru rapurezidhendi uye rapamberi. Mumuuyo wacho, Congresss yakaita nhetevedzo yechinjo, kubatanidza Ethics in Govern Act nechisiko chezano rakasununguka. Watergated akaratidzira kuti kutarisira kugona kubata kunyange vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vakuru vanotonga vanozvidavirira, asi kwakasimbisawo kudikanwa kwekushandira simba ramakuru.

Dambudziko Remari ra2008

Njodzi yemari ya2008 yakasunda kutarisirwa kwemitemo yemasangano ezvemari uye kudzorwa kwemasangano emitemo. Nzvero muzvinokonzera njodzi dzakatungamirira kugadziridzo dzakaitirwa kudzivirira kusaderera kwoupfumi mune ramangwana, dzichiratidza basa rokutarisira mukusimudzira kuzvidavirira mukudzora kwemari. Sangano rePrecional Inquisition Inquiry Commission, kunyange zvazvo risiri boka remitemo rimene, rakashanda neCongress kuti ribudise mashoko ane udzame pamusoro pemavambo enjodzi yacho. Chibvumirano chakabva paDidd-Frank chikabatanidza gadziriro dzokutarisira zvikuru kutengeserana zvinhu, kuedza nokuda kwemabhangi, uye kugadzirwa kwePuncice Recuisi Polition Recurection Bureaunt. Nhau iyi inoratidza kuti tarisiro inogona sei kushandura kuchinja zvinhu zvinooneka kuti zvive zvapamberi pashure.

Kubvuma Kwechinyakare - 19

Denda reCovid-19 rakaparira denho dzisina kumbobvira dzavapo sezvo hurumende dzakakurumidza kuisa mamirioni emadhora mumari inoitirwa njodzi. Masangano anotonga munyika yose akatanga matare chaiwo kuti atarisire kushandiswa kwemari, kuwanikwa kwemishonga, uye matanho outano hwevanhu. MuUnited States, Congregational Oversingsight Commission (yakatanga ne CARES Act) uye Hurumende yeMatare Arecutation yakaongorora kuti mari yakashandiswa sei neveMatiki neFederal Reserve. Nhambudzo idzi dzakaratidza zviitiko zvokubiridzira, kunonoka kuparadzira, uye kuoneka kwemitengo. Murakamwe wacho wakasimbisa kukosha kwenguva chaiyo yetarisiro uye kudikanwa kwemitemo yokuchinja nzira dzavo nokukurumidza kuti dzigadzirire njodzi dzinoitika. Kubva panguva ino dzinobvira panguva ino dzinotevera kuti dzigadzirire mamiriro ezvinhu emamiriro ezvinhu enguva yemberi.

Zvirongwa Zvokuita Kuti Vatariri Vave Vane Simba

Nzira idzi dzinobatsira pakugadzira zvinhu zvinobatsira kuti pave nemitemo inoshanda zvakanaka, uye kuti pave nemazano akanaka.

Kurovedza uye Kubatsira Vatungamiriri Nevashandi

Kugovera vaiti vemitemo rovedzo nezviwanikwa kunogona kuvandudza mano avo okutungamirira zvinobudirira. Zvikoro pamusoro pokunzvera mashoko, kunzvera kunzvera, uye miitiro yapamutemo zvinogona kushongedzera vagadziri vemitemo nounyanzvi hunodikanwa kubvunzurudza nhau dzakaoma. Mukuwedzera, kuwedzera nhamba yavashandi vedare venyanzvi vane unyanzvi munharaunda dzakananga zvinogona kuvandudza kunzvera. Maparamende akawanda, akadai seGerman Bundestag, anochengeta mabasa okunzvera akakura ayo anotsigira basa redare. Kunzvera muaya mabasa ibasa renguva refu rinopa mibayiro yokudzora kuri nani.

Kubatana Nenzanga Yavagari Vemo

Kubatanidzwa kwamasangano enzanga yavagari vemo kunogona kubetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti nhamburiko dzokutarisira dzinozivikanwa zvikuru uye dzinoziviswa nemubatanidzwa wavose. Mapoka anorinda, masangano epfungwa, uye masangano edzidzo kazhinji kazhinji ane zivo chaiyo inobatanidza zviteshi zvemitemo. Miitiro yesangano yokutora rutivi yavose, yakadai sokunzwa pachena, kuzviisa pasi kwakanyorwa, uye kutungamirira, zvinogona kuunza mifungo yakasiana - siana kuutarisiro. Somuenzaniso, kutarisira kweSouth African Paramende yeuori mumabhizimisi ehurumende yakasimbiswa nokubatirana nenzanga dzevoruzhinji seOrthodox. Kubatanidzwa kwakadaro kunokudzawo chivimbo chapachena kupfurikidza nokuratidzira kuti tarisiro hakusati bedzi kuva basa rezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kushandisa Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nezvokushandisa Mishonga

Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runogona kuvandudza kujeka kwoita kuti mabasa ehurumende agadziriswe. Zvikamu zvemadhigitatiki zvinobudisa mashoko ebhajeti, zvibvumirano, uye mashandiro emichina zvinogonesa kutarisira nguva chaiyo kunoitwa nevanogadzira mitemo uye nevoruzhinji zvakafanana. Zvishandiso zvokushandisa kurapa zvinogona kudzora mashandiro echienzi, kufanoziva kukundikana kwepurogiramu, uye kuziva nzvimbo dzengozi huru. Mitezo yemitemo munyika dzakadai seEstonia neSouth Korea yakatanga kushandiswa kwematurusi anoshanda nezvivako zvehurumende. Zvisinei, ruzivo rwokugadzirwa neruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runogona kukunda kugadzirwa nokubudirira kwemirayiridzo, uye kukwanisa kuita zvinhu pazivo inopa.

Kusimudzira Kuparidzwa Nokuzvimirira Kwesangano

Kukurudzira kubatira pamwe kwebipartisan kunogona kubetsera kukurira mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika nokuvandudza nhamburiko dzokutarisira. Imwe nzira ndeyokuita masangano okutarisira anozvimirira anoshanda kunze kwoudzori hwakananga hwebato rimwe nerimwe. Mienzaniso inobatanidza Office yeHurumende yeU. iyo isiri yapartisan, uye pesvedzero yeNational Picturers Office yeUK inogona kusimudzira mishumo yevavariro inogona kushandiswa namapoka ose. Imwe nzira ndeyokuchinja dare rasachigaro pakati pemapoka uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti mapoka maduku ane shoo yemimiriro yemitezo yeboka pamatare anotarisira. Kudzorwa kwenhungamiro yebato pamiganho yedare kunogonawo kusimudzira tarisiro yapachokwadi zvikuru.

mhedziso

Kutarisira kwomutemo kunoita basa rinokosha mukusimudzira kushanda zvakanaka kwehurumende nokuzvidavirira. Nokuita kuti vakuru vakuru vehurumende vazvidavirire nokuva nechokwadi chokuoneka, masangano okugadza mitemo anogona kuwedzera kuvimba kwavose nokuvandudza kushanda kwemasangano ehurumende. Nepo zvinetso zvakadai semasangano anotsiva masangano, kuganhurirwa kwemitemo, uye kudziviswa kwemibato zvinopfuurira, unyanzvi hunobudirira huripo kusimbisa mibato yokutarisira. Kufunda mukurovedza, ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu, kubatira bhizimisi, uye kushanda pamwe nenzanga yevagari vemo kunogona kuita kuti pave nokutarisira kwakasimba zvikuru uye kusingagamuchiriki. Munhambo yokuwedzera kuoma kwehurumende uye kuderera chivimbo kwevanhu, kukosha kweutariri hwemitemo yemitemo hakugoni kupfuudzwa.