Denho Inopfuurira Yeparadzano Yamaruwa yeJapan

Chimiro chezvamatongerwe enyika cheJapan chakaumbwa kare nedanho renyika reruwa reguta rakajeka, mukaha unopesvedzera chinhu chiri chose kubva pamuuyo wejeni rinosarudzwa kusvika kumigove yemari. Neinopfuura 35% yavagari vemo vakabatanidzwa muNharaunda yeTokyo, zviremera zvokumaruwa zvakatarisana nokuwedzera kwenhamba, uwandu hwavachembere, uye kubatana kwezvemari. Masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika ari kuratidzira nzira dzakasiyana- siyana dzokukurukura neiyi ganhuriro, bva masimba anoparira kukamukana kunoramba kuri kwakadzika midzi. Kunzwisisa kuti masangano eJapan anopa sei nzwisiso muuwanduko munyika inosarira kuva nechengedzero yezve yezve upfumi hwezvine zvemari.

Chinyorwa hachisi chitsva. Kukura kwezvemari kwapashure pehondo kwakakwevedza mamirioni kubva mukurima namisha yebasa kuenda kumanzvimbo dzamabasa nemabasa, muitiro unowedzera nemari yemibato ya 1980. Nhasi, anopfuura 60% yamanisiparati eJapan anorangarirwa se “nharaunda dzine vanhu vakaderera,” umo chiverengero chavagari vemo chakaderera neinopfuura 10% yegumi rapfuura. Mukupesana, mawiro 23 eTokyo anopfuurira kuona mambure mumitengo yavakuru, kudzvinyirira dzimba nezvivako apo anobvisa zvikoro zvomumaruwa, zvipatara, uye mibatanidzwa yenzanga.

Kunzwisisa Kukura Kwakaita Kukamuraniswa

Kubuda Dzvenda Muropa Nokukwegura

Japan yomumaruwa iri kuva nenjodzi yechiverengero chavagari vemo iyo nzvimbo dzavagari vemo dzakapukunyuka zvikuru. Mukuwirirana neNational Institute of Population and Social Security Research, panosvika 2045, inopfuura hafu yavagari vemo veJapan ingagona kuva nezera rezvinobudisa nhau rinopfuura 60. Zvikamu zvamaruwa zvakadai seAkita, Shimane, uye Kochi zvinotova nemwero yokukwegura inopfuura 40%, nepo mwero weTokyo ine miuyo inowirirana nemitemo yezvamatongerwe enyika: vakura, vavhoti vokumaruwa vanowanzoisa mipimo youtano, midyandiro, uye mari yokurima, nepo kuva nepwere duku inodzosa ngwariro yeguta pamusoro pokutarisira vana, kufamba kwebasa, uye nhevedzano yemichina yemitengo.

Times yeJapan yakabvumikisa kuti nharaunda dzomumaruwa dzinomanikidzirwa sei kusimbisa zvikoro, zvipatara zvokuvhara, uye kuderedza zvifambiso zvavose (kuderedza mabasa amene anodikanwa kuchengeta vagari. Uku kuderera kunoita kuti kuve kwakaomera zvikuru kupindira kwomuitiro mumwe upi noupi kuderedza komba.

Kusawirirana Mune Zvemari

Tsitsi dzezvigadzirwa zvomumaruwa dzakapfuura upfumi hwomumaruwa nemhesano huru. Chigadzirwa chikuru cheTokyo cheruwa chakapetwa kanenge ka1.8 icho chemapurisa omumaruwa akadai seAmori kana kuti Nagasaki. Nepo mabhizimisi maduku kutosvika pakati pepakati munyika dzinorwisana neperevedzo dzebasa nenjodzi dzenhevedzano, masangano makuru anoramba achiungana mumaguta makuru. Nippon.com[ anoshuma kuti 70% yedzimbahwe rebhizimisi reJapan rinongova mumaruwa matatu chete makurusaiti: Tokyo, Osaka, uye Nagoya. Uku kuromakambani makuru kunopfuurira kushambadza nzvimbo dzomumaruwa dzemari nemitero.

Kurima, masango, uye kuredza hove — panzvimbo yapamusoro yebasa romumaruwa (*zvino irevo nokuda kwe 3% yeGDP yeJapan. Pasinei zvapo nemari inogoverwa norupo, zvizvarwa zviduku zvinoratidza fariro duku mukutora mapurazi emhuri. Somuuyo, upfumi hwakawanda hwokumaruwa hwazova hunovimba zvikuru namabasa avose uye kuendesa mari kubva kuhurumende yapakati, kuchiparira rutsamiro urwo mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika anofanira kugona kudzora nokungwarira.

Magirazi uye Kumirira

Gadziriro yokuvhota yeJapan yakaremedza zvikuru munhau nhau kupfurikidza nezvisarudzo zvomumaruwa kupfuura zvomumaguta, zvikurukuru muImba yeCouncillors (pane imba yakakwirira). Kunyange zvazvo Dare Gurusa ra 2015 rakamanikidzira kubhadharwazve, maruwa omumaruwa achiri kufarikanya betsero duku. Uku kusashanda zvakanaka kunopa pesvedzero yomumaruwa yeLiberal Democratic Party (LDP), iyo yakawana tsigiro yakasimba kubva mukurima, kurovara, uye nzanga dzokuvaka.

Somuuyo, kuita muitiro kazhinji kazhinji kunorembera kufariro dzomumaruwa / zvivako zvikuru zvezvirongwa zvezvivako, tsigiro yemari, uye mari yokubetsera nokuda kwenzvimbo dzinogara vanhu nemaoko akawanda (8) nepo mumaguta muchida kukura sewedzero yezuva, kukwirira kwemazakwatira, kana kuti kupiwa kwedzimba kuchisimbiswa zvishoma. Japan Policy Council yakacherekedza kuti kusadzikama uku kunopinza mungozi vavhoti veguta vokunze, avo vangarangarira gadziriro yezvamatongerwe enyika seisindiro kuzvokutanga.

Miganhu Yezvamatongerwe Enyika Nezvigaro Zvayo

Liberal Democratic Party: ChiPragmat uye Chikwata Chinotonga Zvematongerwe Enyika

LDP, iyo yakatonga Japan nokuda kwenhambo hurusa yehondo, inotsamira zvikuru pachivako chayo chomumaruwa. Nzira yayo huru inobatanidza muvhenganiswa wezvitamisiro zvakananga, mabasa avose, uye kusimudzirwa kwenharaunda. Revitation Revitation Grant[ [[FLT]] [[FLT]] [[3] [[FLT]] [inopiwa] senzvimbo yokutanga yamarudzi, inogovera mupi wemari inopa mari yebutterum kutura, inobvumira kuva nemari yemabasa anogadzirirwa nezvinodikanwa zvomunzvimbomo.

Muyaichimbova Mutungamiriri wePrime Shinzo Abe, hurumende yakatanga Chirongwa Chokudzoserazve cheRegionalment Program, icho chakakurudzira mabhizimisi kuisa nzvimbo dzamahofisi makuru nenzvimbo dzamakoridhi kumaruwa kupfurikidza nekurudziro dzemitero nebetsero. Misi ichangobva kupfuura iyi, Kishida ye “New Capitalium" chinobatanidza shongwe pakuparadzira kukura zvikuru, nezvirongwa zvakafanana ne “ guta romubindu rebindu rebindu .[ zvinangwa kuvaka bhizimisi rokuvaka nzvimbo dzakakwirira dzemaruwa dzechiPNUPUPU.

Zvisinei, vatsoropodzi vanotaura kuti LDP inoramba yakananga pakushandisa nguruve dzinoshandiswa sedzisingashandiswi zvakanaka uye kuti haigoni kuchinja gadziriro dzezvirongwa. Zvirongwa zvemabasa avose, nepo zvakakurumbira, kazhinji kazhinji zvinokundikana kuita mubato unotsigirwa wemari. 2022 Reutis yakawana kuti bhizimisi ravose muhurumende dziri kure raipfuura nekaviri iro muTokyo, bva vanhu vairamba vachiderera.

Constitution Democraticment Party: Kupinza Rusando Muvanhu Nemashandiro

Constitutional Democraticism Party yeJapan (CDP), chishoro chikurusa, chinokarakadza mutoo unonangidzirwa zvikuru wavanhu. Panzvimbo pokudira mari mukuvakwa, CDP inosimbisa kurapa, dzidzo, uye mabasa enzanga senheyo yokumutsidzira. Chikuva chayo chinoraira kuwedzera nyika yepasi pezvipatara zvemaruwa nezvikoro, kukudza telemedicine, uye kugovera kubvumira nokuda kwavanachiremba navadzidzisi vanodisa kushanda munharaunda dzinogara dzichivakwa.

CDP inotsigirawo chinjo ye yejekiseni kuderedzazve kuderera kwemibato yemari ndokupa vavhoti veguta inzwi rakasimba zvikuru. Ikoku kunobatanidza zvikarakadzo zvokugadzira gadziriro yakavakirwa pamipimo yakawanda yeimba yokumusoro. Kuwedzera, CDP yakakarakadza simba rekuchinja [1][ roronga ringashandisa mabasa esimba anomutsidzira akafanana nezuva nezuva nemhepo munharaunda dzomumaruwa, kubudisa mari yomunzvimbomo apo inopa mupiro kunharidzano dzenyika inochengetedzwa.

Nepo chiono cheCDP chichifadza vanofamba mumaguta, tsigiro yacho inoramba iri duku munharaunda dzomumaruwa, umo masangano eLDP akaumbwa kwenguva refu nebatano dzomunhu oga zvinowanzotekeshera.

Komeito: Kudzikamisa Fariro dzomumataundi Nedzomumaruwa

Komeito, mubiyake wechiduku weLDP, anowana tsigiro yake huru kubva kuvateveri veguta repakati nerechitendero (Soka Gakkai). Mitemo yayo inoedza kuisa dzikamo pakati peitiro dzeguta nedzikamo yomumaruwa. Komeito yave ichishandiswa mukutsigira mutengo wemari na[FLT:] tsigiro yematuroro inobetsera mhuri dzomumaguta, nepo ichisundawo nokuda kwe [[FLT:] chinjo yezvidzo mu uye [FLT] mipimo yekudzivirira [FLT:]]

Komeito yemubatanidzwa weguta rekogmatic inoreva kuti kazhinji kazhinji inoita zvokubatanidza pakati pezvikarakadzo zvamaruwa zvikuru zveLDP nokudikanwa kwemiitiro yeshamwari yomuguta. Somuenzaniso, yakabetsera kuchengeteka kwemari nokuda kwe yakabvumira vagari vomumaruwa kuvaka maguta, zvakanangidzirwa pakunangidzira uwandu hwechiverengero chavagari vemo kuti vachengete mibato yavose inobudirira. Phondo inotsigirawo zvirongwa [

Nippon Ishin no Kai: Decentralgation and Fiscal Drevolution

Nippon Ishin no Kai (Japan Innovation Party), yakavakirwa zvikurukuru muOsaka nemadokero eJapan, vatsigiri vezvechinjo . Chikarakadzo chayo chakatanhamara ndicho kusikwa kwe [ chaiko kunoitwa kwematunhu ezvemari][ uye [FLT] dzimbahwe regional [ iro ringava nechiremera chakafanana nerinomirando huru zvikuru. Ishin inotaura kuti nhau dzakawanda dzeruwa kubva kudzoro yepakati peTokyo, uye kupa hurumende dzomunzvimbomo dzvudzidzidzidzingazvibvumira kuva zvinenge zviri mu[[FLTL:5]

Mubato unokarakadza kutsiva gadziriro yazvino yezvipo nebhuroko rinopa mvumo, uchibvumira zviremera kugovera mari sezvavanoona kuva zvakakodzera. Inotsigirawo kupinza manisiparamendi maduku kuva mapoka makuru, anobudirira zvikuru, musoro unotapuriranwa wezvamatongerwe enyika munharaunda dzomumaruwa umo zivikan yakasimba. Nepo shoko raIshin rizere mutaundi uye nharaunda dzinoda kuva dzisingagutsikani nemamiriro ezvinhu, richiri kutowana chikamu chikuru zvikuru mumacommo echiruwa.

Boka rechiKomonisiti reJapan: Kutsigira Kushayisa Vamwe Mutezo uye Kuisa Vamiririri Vevanhu Vose

Chikwata chechiKomonisiti cheJapan (JCP) chinoita mutoo wokuvaka zvikuru, chichitaura kuti paradzano yeguta chiratidzo chekunangidzira bhizimisi. Kunoda kuti kuva mugari wehurumende (kusatenderwa, kubhangiswa kwemari) kuva nechokwadi chokuti mhindu dzinodzorerwa munharaunda yako panzvimbo pokusvutirwa kuTokyo. JCP inodawo [[FLT:]] mitsakanyo inokura mukushandiswa kwavose kwemari yomumabhangi, dzidzo, uye dzimba dzavose, inotsigirwa nemitero yapamusoro yebhizimisi nepfuma.

Nepo chikuva cheJCP chiri chikuru zvikuru nokuda kwavavhoti vakuru, chine nzvimbo duku asi yakatsaurirwa munharaunda dzomumaruwa namagamuchidzanwa omubatanidzwa webasa akasimba, zvikurukuru pakati pebatira pamwe yokurima (mapoka ejaka) navashandi vehurumende vomunzvimbomo. Vapapatidzi vakawanawo ngwariro nokuda kwezvikarakadzo zvavo ku kumisa taundi kunyanyokwirira kupfurikidza nemitemo inoronga [ iyo ingaganhurira budiriro itsva dzebhizimisi muTokyo neKanagawawa.

Zvishandiso Zvomutemo Zvakananga Nenzvero Yenhau

Kumutsidzirwa Kwomunharaunda Nezvinotsiviwa

Chimwe chezvishandiso zvinooneka zvikurusa i Game reRevitation Grant inorondedzerwa pamusoro apa. Iyi mipiro inobviswa kumativi ose ehurumende, asi zvitsama zvakakura zvikuru nokuda kwenzvimbo dzine vanhu. Muna 2023, hurumende yakagoverwa $1061.2 mabhiriyoni ane mabhiriyoni US $8 (Z $15) mupurogiramu ino. Vagamuchiri vakashandisa mari yechinhu chiri chose kubva kunzvimbo dzenzanga kuisa zvitoro zvemari yomunharaunda yomunzvimbomo.

Imwe purogiramu, [[FLT] Chisiko kupfurikidza neRegional Revituration”, inopa mari kukambani dzinoisa dzimbahwe kana kuti nzvimbo dzinotambira mvumo munharaunda dzakarongwa. Somuenzaniso, NTTS[ yakatamisa nzvimbo huru kuYamagati Prefecture, inoshandisa 500 vagari vomunzvimbomo. Zvisinei, 2024 Ashahi Shimbu yeSah Shimbuv [ yakawana kuti mabasa akawanda akasikwa pasi pezvirongwa zvakadaro akanga ari akaderera uye akakundikana kutama kunze kwavashandi vaduku.

Kubatana Kwemadhigineti Sebhiriji

Nhare yeCHOVAD-19 yakakurumidzisa fariro mubasa riri kure sechishandiso chokumutsidzira. Hurumende yeJapan yakatanga “ Chimuko chaMaruwa kudzorwa ”, kuisa mari yakawanda mufiber bhanti rakafara uye mibatanidzwa 5G munharaunda dziri kure. Matura ehurumende anoverengeka zvino anopa “ basa. [, kubhadhara chikamu chemari inotambira nokuda kwenyanzvi dzokuzvigara zviri mumaguta dzinodisa kupedza mwedzi mishomanene mumaruwa.

Nagano Prefecture ye Purogiramu yeDigital Denen” yazova fundo yenhau: inobatanidza Internet nokukurumidza nenzvimbo dzinoshanda nenzvimbo dzinogoverwa dzimba. Chifo cha 2021, vagari vomumaguta vanopfuura 3 000 vakatamira kuNagano pasi peiyi gadziriro, nemavambo omunzvimbomo achishuma kusvika kwamatarenda. Nepo zviduku pamwero, zviito zvakadaro zvinoratidzira kuti kuisa mari mumitengo mukubatana kunogona kuvamba kudzikamisa kukwevera kwegwenya kweTokyo.

Kuchinja Kukuru uye Kugadziridza Kunoita Zvifananidzo

Sezvacherekedzwa, purojeta yave yakurukurwa zvishoma. Muna 2020, Imba yavamiririri yakagamuchira gadziriro itsva yoruwa yakaderedza mwero mukurusa wezvisarudzo kupasi pezviviri. Zvisinei, Imba yeCouncillors ichiri nemhatsa yainopfuura mitatu-mumwe pakati pevatongi vazhinjisa uye vashomanene zvikuru. Zvose CDP naKomeito zvakakarakadza kumwe kugadziridza, kubatanidza [[FLT: 0] zvinhu zvokumiririra muimba yapamusoro, asi chinjo dzakadaro dzakatarisana nechishoro chakasimba chinobva kuvana vapfumi vehurumende vokuruwa.

Vamwe vakuru vakuru vakaedza mitsva yenzvimbo inosarudzwa yapachako , yakadai sokusuma kuvhota kwakatanhamara nokuda kwemijaho yemoyadhi kuti ikurudzire kutora rutivi kwakafara. Iyi mipimo inovavarira kuwedzera kubatanidzwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika munharaunda umo kusakendenga kunokwira zvikuru.

Matambudziko Nezvichaitika

Kuchinja Kwemamiriro Ezvemari

Pasinei zvapo namakumi amakore enhamburiko dzemiitiro, kukamukana kwemataundi kunoratidza chiratidzo chiduku chokuderera. Hwerengedzo yavagari vemo veJapan inofungidzirwa kuderera kubva pa 126 kusvikira pasi pamamirioni 100 panosvika 2050, uye kuderera ikoko kuchaiswa pamwero mukuru munharaunda dzisiri dzemumabhanan. Kuwedzera kwavakadzi mumaguta . kunokuvadza zvikurukuru kumibatanidzwa yezvizvarwa zvomumaruwa, sezvo kunoderedza roorano nemisimu yokubereka.

Dzvinyiriro dzemari dzenyika yose, dzakadai sokukwira kwamaindasitiri ebasa naanopa zivo, dzinopfuurira kufarira mhoteredzo dzamaguta umo tarenda nedzimbahwe zvinopa mari. Kunyange sezvo basa riri kure richikura, mabasa anoripirwa mari yakakwirira zvikurusa anoramba ari mudzimbahwe rebhizimisi reTokyo, achisiya nharaunda dzomumaruwa dzichitsamira pamakambani anopa mibayiro yakaderera nechengeteko shoma.

Kuchengetedza Mari

Chikwereti chenyika yeJapan, chinotopfuura 260% yeGDP, chinoita kuti kuve kwakaoma kuchengeta mari huru inogoverwa kumaruwa kusvikira kunguva isingazivikanwi. Hurumende inotarisana nechinetso: zvimwe kupfuurira kutsigira mari kuti ichengete mabasa omumaruwa, kuisa mungozi njodzi yemari, kana kuti kuderedza tsigiro ndokugamuchira kumwe kuwanda. Nyanzvi zhinji dzinotsigira nokuda kwemari inotsigirwa mumusha muduku wose. [ nzira, umo mabasa anoiswa mumisha yeruwa panzvimbo pokuti ive yakapfuudzana zvikuru. PDP yakaratidza fariro muiyi nzira, asi kurambwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika kazhinji kazhinji].

Chido Chezvamatongerwe Enyika Nesangano

Kudzora kweLDP kunoparira mirangariro yemiitiro yokuchinja kwemibatanidzwa. Vavhoti voruwa vanoramba vakavimbika kubato, uye chinjo huru ipi neipi inokuvadza fariro dzavo ingagona kurasikirwa nezvigaro zveLDP zvakashata. Munguva ino, vashori vakakundikana kutaura chimwe chinhu chinosunda chinogona kuwana mwoyo yomumaruwa. Simbiso yeCDP pamiitiro yeshamwari yomuguta inobvisa vavhoti vomuruwa, nepo chikarakadzo chaIshin chokuvandika chisingajekerwi pamusoro pokuti misha mirombo ingararama sei pasina tsigiro huru.

Kukatyamadzwa kwokunze − kwakadai sengwavaira huru yomusikirwo kana kuti kuderera kwakakomba kwezvemari — kungaparira kugadziridzwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika. Munguvayi, kukamukana kwacho kungapfuurira, sezvo mapoka ezvamatongerwe enyika eJapan achipfuurira kudzikamisa mitemo isina simba panzvimbo pokuronda chinjo huru.

Kupedzisa: Kudzikamisa Kunopfuurira

Mapati ezvamatongerwe enyika eJapan anosanoziva nezvemukaha weguta uye akaita mativi akasiana- siyana emhinduro, kubva pamari yenyama yenyama yenyama yetsviki yeLDP kusvikira kumipiro yebasa yeCDP kukusunda kwaIshin kuidzoresa. Bva hakuna boka rakawana bara resirivha. Masimba anosunda kuisa vanhu mumaguta / $3, mukana wemari, dzidzo, zvizvarwa zvenzanga (magariro) ane simba kwazvo zvokuti kunyange zvisundo zvomumaruwa zvinopapati zvinorwisa kudzosa kufamba.

Nokuda kwenguva yemberi inodeya kuonwa, Japan ichada kudzora ganhuriro panzvimbo pokuibvisa. Ikoko kunoreva kuisa mari mumugariro wamaruwa woupenyu nepo ichibvuma kuti misha mizhinji ingada kusimbiswa. Kunorevawo kuva nechokwadi chokuti gadziriro dzezvamatongerwe enyika dzinoramba dzakarurama zvakakwana kupa vose vari vaviri vavhoti veguta namaruwa inzwi rine revo. Mapoka achashandisa zvakanaka sei iyi denho ichasarudza kwete bedzi dzikamo yeJapan asiwo utano hwehurumende yayo inosarudzwa navanhu uye kusimba kwenzanga dzayo.

Zvisarudzo zvinoitwa nevatungamiriri veJapan mumakore gumi anotevera ($_on) zvinopa mari, kusarudzwa, uye kuchinjwa kwenzvimbo kuchaita kuti nyika yacho ive nenzvimbo yakanaka uye zvamatongerwe enyika kwezvizvarwa zvichatevera.