Kutanga: Kunzwisisa Muitiro Wapurezidhendi WeU.S. Wokusarudza

Muitiro wokusarudza Purezidhendi weUnited States igadziriro yakasanorongwa iyo inobatanidza kuvhota kwehurumende yehurumende nedziviriro dzebumbiro remitemo. Nepo vanhu vazhinji vachifunga kuti sarudzo inongova zvayo nhamba yevhoti yorudzi, muitiro chaiwoiwo unobatanidza mwero inoverengeka: zvikwata nezvinoshandiswa, kokorodzano dzenyika, nhimbe yesarudzo, uye pakupedzisira Electoral College. Iyi nyaya inoputsa nhano imwe neimwe mumutauro wakajeka, wakananga kuti ugogona kunzwisisa chaizvoizvo sei kuti mukuru mukuru wenyika anosarudzwa sei makore mana ari ose.

Nhano imwe neimwe inoratidzira vavariro yavatangi yokudzikamisa kuda kwavanhu nefariro dzenyika imwe neimwe. Muitiro wacho wakavambwa nokufamba kwenguva, asi chimiro chawo chikuru chinoramba chakarongwa muBumbiro reMitemo.

Danho 1: Vaparidzi Nemabhanari – Kusarudza Boka reNominees

Sarudzo yaPurezidhendi haisati iri makwikwi mamwe pakati pavadaviri vaviri. Chokutanga, mubato mukuru rimwe nerimwe rezvamatongerwe enyika (Democrats naRepublicans) unofanira kusarudza mukwikwidzani waro wapamutemo kupfurikidza nenhevedzano yamakwikwi enzvimbo yapakati pehurumende anonzi primial necoucsus. Aya anowanzoitika pakati paJanuary naJune wegore resarudzo.

Ko Mitoro Chii?

Zvisarudzo zvinorongwa nehurumende dzehurumende umo mitezo yebato inovhotera mudariro wayo. Kune marudzi makuru maviri:

  • Primiled primes: Mitezo yebato yakanyoreswa bedzi ingavhota muchinhu chikuru chebato rayo.
  • Avo vapari: Munhu upi noupi akanyorwa, pasinei zvapo nesonganiro, angavhota mubato guru rebato rimwe.

Vapindi vanhu vakavimbiswa kutsigira mumwe munhu anenge achida kupinda pakokorodzano yenyika yeboka racho.

Macaucuuse Chii?

Misangano yomunzvimbomo apo mitezo yebato inoungana kuti ikurukure uye ipapo kuvhota nokuda kwavanoda kubhapatidzwa. Idzo hadziwanzozivikanwa navose kupfuura zvikoro asi dzichiri kushandiswa munyika shomanene, dzakadai seIowa. Caucuses inobatanidza kurangarira kwavose, kunyengetedza, uye vhoti yokupedzisira. Muuyo wacho unosarudza kuti nhume dzakawanda dzinogamuchira muhurumende iyoyo dzinogamuchirwa nemukana wacho.

Chikonzero Nei Mari Dzichisakisa Nhau

Musi mukuru newamacaucus unosundira vanoda kupinda kokorodzano yenyika yose ndokusarudza kuti ndiani achapinda netsigiro hurusa.Vanoita zvisina kutsarukana munyika dzapakuvamba kazhinji kazhinji vanorega.

Nokuda kwokunzvera zvikuru kuti basa rePrimine rinoshanda sei, shanyira [[FLT: 0] USA.gov peji paprimers nekaucruses [[[FLT: 1]].

Nhano 2: Kokorodzano Dzenyika – Dzinoshambadza Zvikurusa Chitendero

Vapindi vanobva kunyika dzose vanoungana kuti vaone mutungamiriri wavo kuti aende kudivi ravo. Kokorodzano dzacho zviitiko zvikuru zvinobudisa nhau apo panenge pachiratidzwa nzvimbo yazvo, zvichitsigira kutsigira mumirinee.

Basa Renhume

Pakokorodzano, nhume imwe neimwe dzehurumende dzakavhota nokuda kwomukwikwidzi mukuru kana kuti chibhedha chehurumende. Mudanho anoda voruzhinji venhume kuti vachengete maruramiro okuzvibatanidza. Kana pasina mupindi anosvika pakokorodzano nevoruzhinji vakajeka, kokorodzano inova “yakavharwa,” uye nhume dzinogona kubvisa tsigiro yadzo mukuvhota kwakawanda. Zvisinei, munguva dzazvino uno, nhume dzinosarudza chaizvoizvo kokorodzano isati yavamba.

Kusarudza Chitendero Chapasi Chomutungamiriri Wehurumende

Kokorodzano yacho inosimbisa vose vari vaviri vanoda kuenda.

Kokorodzano dzenyika dzinogamuchirawo nzvimbo yebato racho yapamutemo, iyo inoronga zvigaro zvayo zvemitemo panhau dzakadai sezvemari, kutarisira utano, uye nhau dzokumwe.

Nhano 3: Mushandirapamwe Mukuru Wokusarudza

Kana varwi vangogadzwa bedzi, nhimbe huru yesarudzo inovamba neshiviriro yazvo. iyi nhano inovambira mukupera kwezhizha kusvikira kuZuva roKusarudza mukuvamba kwaNovember. Inoita kuti kufamba muruwa, kutora rutivi munharo, kushambadzira kweterevhizheni, uye kupinda munhamburiko dzokuhwina mavhoti.

Nhimbe Huru

  • `Trigeting target tarster' inoti: Nhimbe dzinonangidzira ngwariro zvikuru pamitemo iyo isiri inokodzera yeDemocratic kana kuti Republican, inozivikanwa semaruwa anofamba. Kuhwina aya masangano kunogona kuita musiano muElectoral College.
  • Kuunganidza: Nhimbe dzinokurudzira vatsigiri kunyoresa, kuvhota nokukurumidza, uye kubuda paZuva Rokusarudza.
  • Media nenharo: kurukurirano dzeTerevhivhi inobvumira vavhoti kuenzanisa vadaviri parutivi. Nhevedzano dzenzanga nokushambadzira kwamakombiyuta zvinoitawo basa guru.

Munhambo iyi yose, vanoda kubhapatidzwa vanopa chiono chavo nokuda kwenyika ndokuedza kunyengetedza vavhoti vasina kungwarira.

Danho 4: Zuva Rokusarudza – Mutambo Wakakurumbira

PaZuva reSarudzo, mamiriyoni eAmerica anoenda kunzvimbo dzokuvhota kana kuti tsamba muzvivhoti zvavo kuti vavhotere purezidhendi. Zvisinei, nomutoo wazvo havasati vari kuvhotera zvakananga nokuda kwomuvhoti. Panzvimbo pezvo, vari vhotera chitupa chavavhoti vakavimbiswa kumunhu iyeye.

Chii Chiri Mutambo Wakakurumbira?

Vhoti yakakurumbira ichiverengero chose chose chevoti dzinoisirwa muvhoti mumwe nomumwe munyika yose. Nepo vhoti yakakurumbira inoratidzira chisarudzo chomuvhoti wenyika, haisati ichisarudza zvakananga mukundi. purezidhendi akasarudzwa neElectoral College yakavakirwa pamuuyo wevhoti yakakurumbira munyika imwe neimwe.

Somuenzaniso, munhu anoda kuvhota anogona kupiwa mavhoti akakurumbira munyika yose asi achingorasikirwa neutungamiriri kana vakakundikana kuhwina mavhoti akakwana anosarudzwa.

Zvitarwa neHurumende

Munenge munyika iri yose, mudaviri anowana vhoti yakakurumbira muhurumende iyoyo anogamuchira mavhoti ayo ose akasarudzwa. Ikoku kunonzi “winner-tates-tokes" yose gadziriro. Miviri inotevedza (Maine neNebraska) inoshandisa mutoo wepakati, achipa mubhadharo mumwe wevhoti paruwa rwese, uye anowana nyika yose achigamuchira yasara miviri.

Nhano 5: Electoral College – Kurangarirwa Kunoitwa Purezidhendi Zvomenemene

Electoral College iboka ravavhoti 538 vanosarudza nenzira yakarongwa purezidhendi nomutevedzeri wapurezidhendi. Hurumende imwe neimwe inowana chiverengero chakati chavavhoti chakaenzana nemiririro yayo yose muCongress: mumwe nokuda kwomutezo mumwe nomumwe weImba yaVamiriri (yakavakirwa pavagari vemo) kubatanidza mumwe nomumwe wavasarudzi vayo vaviri. Ruwa rweColumbia runowanawo vasaruri vatatu, kunyange zvazvo rusina mumiririri wokuvhota muCongress.

Nzira Iyo Varavi Vanosarudza Nayo

Kazhinji kacho ava vatsigiri vebato, vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa, kana kuti vatsigiri.

Kusangana Kwavazivisi

PaMuvhuro wokutanga pashure peChitatu chechipiri muna December pashure peZuva Rokusarudza, vavhoti vanosangana mudzimbahwe rehurumende ravo kuti vavhote mavhoti maviri: rimwe rapurezidhendi uye rimwe romutevedzeri wapurezidhendi.

Vazivisi Vasina Kutenda

Mune dzimwe nyika, vavhoti vanosungirwa pamutemo kuvhota nokuda kwomutsigiri uyo akawina vhoti yakakurumbira yehurumende. Zvisinei, chiverengero chiduku chavavhoti chavhotera mukurwisana nemhiko yavo — ava vanonzi “vavhoti vasingatendi.” Muna 2016, vavhoti vanomwe vakaregeredzwa. Dare Rapamusoro rakatsigira maruramiro enyika okuranga kana kuti kutsiva vasaruri vasina kutenda mumhaka Chiafalo v. Washington.

Kuti udzidze zvakawanda pamusoro penhau nemugariro wapamutemo weElectoral College, ona [[FLT: 0] National Archives yeElectoral College peji[[FLT: 1].

Danho 6: Kuwana Mutungamiriri – Mujaho Wechivote 270

Mubhadhari anofanira kugamuchira ruzhinji rwamavhoti akasarudzwa 538 — anenge 270 — kuti ave purezidhendi anosarudza. Kana munyumwiri akasvika pachikumbaridzo ichi, sarudzo inogadzikiswa nenzira inobudirira, kunyange zvazvo matanho epamutemo okusaina achisara.

Chii Chinoitika Kana Pasina Kuda Kunyora Kuchisvika 270?

Kana pasina mutevedzeri anohwina mavhoti 270, sarudzo inokandirwa ku Imba yaVamiririri mumuitiro unonzi sarudzo yemax. Ikoku kungaitika kana muvhoti wechitatu wezvikamu akahwina zvakakwana kudzivirira voti voruzhinji, kana kuti kana pane tayi chaiyoiyo.

  • Imba inosarudza purezidhendi: Nhume imwe neimwe yehurumende inowana vhoti imwe, pasinei zvapo nechiverengero chavagari vemo. Vamiriri vanobva munyika imwe neimwe pakati pavo vamene, uye hurumende inovhota vhoti yayo imwe nokuda kwavazhinji vavamiriri vayo. Mutevedzeri anowana vhoti kubva kunyika dzinenge 26 anohwina.
  • Sanita inosarudza mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi: Dare rinosarudza mutevedzeri wapurezidhendi kubva kuvadari vaviri vapamusoro, nedare rimwe nerimwe richivhota rimwe. Voruzhinji veDare rakazara (zvinenge 51) vanodikanirwa.

Zviitiko zvemazuva ano zvinongofungidzira asi zvichibvira mumadzinza akapoteredza ane vanhu vanenge vachida kutora chikamu chechitatu.

Kupiwa Simba Nokubviswa Kwemhosva

Dare rinosangana murusando rwakabatana pana January 6 kuti riverenge mavhoti akasarudzwa uye kuzivisa pamutemo mukundi. Mutongi anotangwa panguva iyeyo musi waJanuary 20 masikati, achipika basa uye achitora pamutemo sachigaro.

Chikonzero Nei Electoral College Iripo

Vamwe vamiririri vaida kuti dare risarudze purezidhendi; vamwe vaida vhoti yakakurumbira. Electoral College yakapa hurumende duku kupfurikidza nokuva nechokwadi chokuti kunyange nyika dzine vanhu vashoma zvikuru dzine mavhoti akasarudzwa matatu (vasande vaviri pamwe chete nomutezo mumwe weImba).

Tsika iyi inodzivisawo nzvimbo shomanene dzine vanhu vakawanda zvikuru kusarudza nyika. Vatsigiri vanofanira kuvaka mubatanidzwa wakafara wenyika munharaunda dzakasiyana - siyana kuti vasvike mavhoti 270 akasarudzwa. Vatsigiri vanoitsigira vanodzivirira utongi hwehurumende uye vanokurudzira vanoda kushandira mumarudzi akawanda pane kungova maguta makuru.

Vatsoropodzi, zvisinei, vanotaura kuti gadziriro inowana mari-yose inogona kutungamirira kukuwina purezidhendi pasinei zvapo nokurasikirwa nevhoti yakakurumbira yenyika. Ikoku kwakamutsa gakava rinopfuurira pamusoro pokuti ingachinja kana kuti kuparadza Electoral College. Nokuda kwemifungo yakadzikama, ona [[FLT: 0] Enclopædia Britannica] kupfupikisa kweElectoral College.

Mirangariro Inozivikanwa Navose Pamusoro Pechisarudzo Chapurezidhendi

Ngatijekesei zvishomanana:

  • “Muvhoti anokunda.” Ikoko ndokwechokwadi bedzi mupfungwa yokuti vhoti dzehurumende nehurumende dzakakurumbira dzinosarudza vhoti dzinosarudzwa. Asi hwerengedzo yevhoti yakakurumbira yenyika haisati iri chisakiso chisarudzo.
  • “Varavi nguva dzose vanovhota sechipikirwa.” Vazhinjisa vanodaro, vavhoti vasina kutenda vanobvira, kunyange zvazvo vasingawanzoitwi uye kazhinji kazhinji vanorangwa.
  • “Kuvhotera zvakananga nokuda kwapurezidhendi kunoreva kuti unozvisarudza.” Zvomenemene, uvhotera vavhoti vanovhota nokuda kwapurezidhendi. Vhoti yako inosarudza kuti chiredhii chavavhoti chinomirira nyika yako.
  • “Chipiri chokutanga muna November rinongova zuva rimwe rokuvhota.” Nyika dzakawanda zvino dzinogovera kuvhota kwapakuvamba, kuvhota kusipo, uye matura etsamba, naizvozvo sarudzo inogara mavhiki.

Basa Remari Nezvinobudisa Nhau Zvemuchirongwa

Matare epaImba yePuresity anodzora kurongwa kwezvirongwa zveFederal Envition Commission (FEC). Mari inobhadhara kushambadza kwepaterevhizheni, misangano, vashandi, kufamba, uye kubudisa mashoko pamichina.

Mapepanhau anoumbawo pfungwa dzevavhoti.

Nokuda kwemari inoshandiswa pakutsigira mari, shanyira FEC kutungamirira kunhimbe yemari [.

Nhoroondo: Zvinonyatsozivikanwa Kuti Zvinochinja

Sarudzo yapurezidhendi weUnited States yakachinja zvikuru chifo chesarudzo yokutanga yaGeorge Washington muna 1789.

  • Thunhuro ye12 (104): Revised muitiro weElectoral College kusarudza purezidhendi nomutevedzeri wapurezidhendi pamapepa akaparadzana.
  • 15th Amendment (1870): Yakataura kuti kurambidza kodzero dzokuvhota parudzi kwairamba, kunyange zvazvo miganhu yakaramba kwemakumi emakore.
  • [Mwedzero] yechi19th Amendment (20): yakapa vakadzi maruramiro okuvhota.
  • 23rd Amendment (1961):[[FL:1] vakapa vagari veWashington, D.C., maruramiro okuvhota musarudzo yapurezidhendi namavhoti matatu akasarudzwa.
  • Hurumende yePramende (1964): Mitero yokuvhota yakabudiswa, iyo yakanga yashandiswa kubvisa vavhoti vasina maturo.
  • Vating Rights Act of 1965: yakarambidza rusaruro rwedzinza mumiitiro yokuvhota.
  • Sarudzo ya 2000: Nhangemutange yapedyo pakati paGeorge W. Bush naAl Gore yakaguma nechisarudzo cheDare rapamusorosa (Bhush v. Gore) icho chakasarudza nenzira inobudirira muuyo, kutanga gakava pamusoro poruvara rwekugadzira nokurondedzera.
  • Sarudzo ya2016: Donald Trump akahwina Electoral College apo akarasikirwa nevhoti yakakurumbira kuna Hillary Clinton, kudzorwa kunoda chinjo.

Ichi chinjo nezvinoitika zvakaumba gadziriro yazvino uno yesarudzo, zvichiiita kuti ive inobatanidza zvikuru bva ichigere kudzorwa namagakava uye zvichiraira vandudziko.

Mugumisiro: Gadziriro Yakagadzirirwa Kudzikama

Kubvira mumwaka mukuru paElectoral College, nhanho imwe neimwe inovimbisa kuti manzwi akasiyana - siyana anonzwiwa — kubva pakutsigira mapoka muIowa kusvika pakuvhota muCalifornia.

Kunzwisisa kuti purezidhendi anosarudzwa sei kunopa simba vagari vemo kuti vatsive zvinobudirira zvikuru mugadziriro yehurumende yeruzhinji.

Nokuda kwamashoko ehurumende pamusoro pokunyoresa kuvhota nokutora rutivi musarudzo, shanyira USA. gov’s votation peji[[FLT: 1].