Good Friver Agreement (inozivikanwawo seBelfast Agreement), yakasainwa pana 10 April 1998, inomira serimwe ramagariro orugare anochinja zvikurusa ezana ramakore rechimakumi maviri. Yakangogumisa bedzi makumi matatu amakore amasimba masimba amasekete anozivikanwa seMatambudziko asi yakavambawo gadziriro yakasimba yokudzivirira kodzero dzechiduku muNorthern Ireland. Kusafanana norugare rwakawanda runobvumirana kuti kugumisa kurwisana, Chibvumirano chaGoverday chakavaka chivako chinogara kwenguva refu nokuda kwokuenzana, kuzivikanwa kwetsika, uye kupfuudzira kudzora. Nyaya ino inonzverawo kuti chibvumirano chinodzivirira sei kodzero dzakajeka dzevaduku, dzechitendero, dzetsika, dzorudzi, uye dzomutauro, nei gadziriro dzarwo dzichiri madikanwa nokuda kwokuita nzanga yakachengetedzwa nedzakanaka nhasi.

Chibvumirano Chakanaka CheChishanu

Kuti anzwisise gadziriro dzekodzero shoma dzeGood Friver Agreement, munhu anofanira kutanga kunzwisisa mapoka akakura aizivikanwa neNorthern Ireland pamberi pa1998. Zvinetso (zvinenge 1968-1988) zvakaona vanhu vanopfuura 3 500 vakaurawa muhondo yakarwisanisa zvikurukuru vaPurotesitendi vakabatana muNorthern Ireland kuti varambe vari rutivi rweUnited Kingdom, vachirwisana nevorudzi rweKaturike . .Ivo vakatsvaka zvikurukuru chikwata chakabatana cheIreland. Rusaruro mudzimba dzeKaturike, basa, uye vapurisa vakanyandura kodzero dzehurumende dzehurumende dzehurumende dzehurumende dzekupera kwema1960, idzo dzakasangana nemasimba masimba enyika uye zvirongwa zvehondo zvehurumende.

Chibvumirano chakabuda muhurukuro dzakawanda dzakaziviswa nehurumende dzeBritain neIreland uye murevereri naGeorge Mitchell weU.S. chakatsigirwa namahendimendi pamativi ose ari maviri emuganhu: 71% yavavhoti muNorthern Ireland uye 94% muRepublic yeIreland yakatenderwa. Chikamu chapakati chaiva nheyo ye [[FLT:] yerukudzo [[[FLT:]] [] [1] pfungwa yokuti nzanga dzose dziri mbiri (idzinomubatanidzwa nourudzi) dzinofanira kubatwa zvakaenzana uye kuti kuzivikanwa kurege kutongofanira kukurira rumwe rudzi. Iyi nheyo inodzo inoumba zvakananga dziviriro dzapashomanene murugwaro.

Kushanda Kwesimba Nemifananidzo Yezvamatongerwe Enyika

Kurevererwa Kwetsika

Good Friver Account yakaita Assembly yakaderera Northern Ireland neGuvitive inoshanda pahwaro hwechikwaniriso chapamutemo. Panzvimbo pegadziriro yegamuchidzanwa yokutanga-kare-post apo boka gurusa rinoumba hurumende, chibvumirano chinoda kuti nzvimbo dzavakuru vakuru dziitwe nenzira inowirirana kushandisa mutoo wed'Hondt. Ikoku kunovimbisa kuti vose vari vaviri vabatanidzwa namapoka ezvourudzi anoshanda pamwe chete neapote-communions . (kubatanidza mapoka madukusaruvara) anogona kugoverana simba. Hapana boka rimwe rinogona kutonga oga; mubatanidzwa mukurusa uye mapoka ezvourudzi anochengetedzwa munheveri, pamwe chete namapoka maduku.

Iyi gadziriro yesimba igadziriro huru yekodzero shoma. Inodzivisa voruzhinji kusabvisa vashomanene vane revo mukuita chisarudzo chehurumende, chinoitika icho chakatambudza Northern Ireland mukati menhambo yeStormont (1921-191972) apo voruzhinji vanobatana vakadzora masangano ose. Chibvumirano chakasumawo kuvhota [commony]] kwechikamu chechikamu chenyika [ panhau dzinokosha, kuchida zvimwe voruzhinji vezvose zviri zviviri mubatanidzwa navamiriri vorudzi kana kuti vamiriri vakuru vakuru zvikuru (60] ne40 muzana rimwe nerimwe ravanhu varipo. Uku kunopawo mapoka maduku ane simba pamusoro penhau idzodzo dzinotapura nekodzero.

Kubatira Pamwe Kwechibvumirano Chakasiyana Nekwechipiri Nechokuchamhembe KweSouth

Kupfuura kudzora kwomukati, chibvumirano chakavamba Dare roUshumiri reNorth-South, iro rinounganidza vashumiri vanobva Northern Ireland neRepublic yeIreland kuti vabatirane panzvimbo dzakadai sokurima, zvokufambisa, utano, uye dzidzo. Nokuda kwevoruzhinji vanowirirana zvakasimba neRiphabliki(hwu rungano runopa wirirano nerwu rwasara rwechitsuwa, runobvuma kuzivikanwa kwavo kweIreland pasina kusekesa nheyo yebvumirano. Nokuda kwechibvumirano, chakarangarira zvakaenzana kuzivikanwa kwavo kweBritain kupfurikidza nemitumbi yeWest (Stra Yechitatu) kubatanidza British-Irish Council Conference neBritish Iish Intervition.

Kudzivirirwa Kwetsika Nechitendero

Kuziva Tsika Huru Mbiri

Chikamu cheGood Frinder Agreement chinosimbisa zvakajeka kodzero dzenzanga dzose dziri mbiri kuchengeta nokusimudzira chikwaniriso chadzo chetsika nechitendero. Chikamu 1 chechibvumirano "Treasuit, Dzinodzivirira uye Kuenzana kweProwitika" chinotaura kuti hurumende dzeBritain neIreland dzichasimbisa kukosha kworuremekedzo, kunzwisisa nokushivirira maererano nemhatsa yemitauro" uye zvicha "kuita chiito chakasimba kusimudzira mutauro, tsika nenhaka zvenzanga dzose dziri mbiri." Izvi zvinosanganisira kutsigira mutauro weIreland neUlster Scot, uyewo kuremekedza magamuchidzanwa echitendero ezvose zviri zviviri Katurike nePurotesitendi.

Murayiro Wemutauro weIreland uye Kodzero Dzemitauro

Rimwe ramativi akaitiranwa nharo zvikurusa edziviriro shomanene ndiro mugariro womutauro weIreland. Good Friday Agreement yakazvipira hurumende yeBritain ku "ita chiito chakasimba kusimudzira mutauro weIreland" uye ku "kurumbidza nokukurudzira" kushandiswa kwawo. Kwemakumi amakore, vaIreland vanotaura vashoma (pamberi penguva ino asi vasiri varwi voga voga) vakatsvaka nzvimbo yapamutemo yapamutemo, vachiitira nharo kuti yakanga iri madikanwa kuti iponese tsika. Pashure pekukakavadzana kwenguva refu kwezvamatongerwe enyika, Uxism nomutauro (Northern Ireland) Act 2022 pakupedzisira yakapa chirevo chehurumende yeIreland muNorthern Ireland, nomumiridhia Language kuti adzivirire kodzero dzavakurukuri. Ichi chiito chakazivikanwawo Ulsters somutauro wakadzivirirwa, chibvumirano chetsika mitauro.

Mitambo Yorudzidziso Nezviratidzo

Gadziriro dzebvumirano dzinotambanukirawo kuratidziro yorudzidziso. Somuenzaniso, mutemo wakavimbisa kuti masangano avanhu vose atarisire zvinodikanwa zvorudzidziso zvenzanga dzose dziri mbiri , zvakadai senguva isingaendi kumazororo orudzidziso, gadziriro yamasangano orudzidziso muzvipatara namatorongo, uye ruremekedzo nokuda kwezviratidzo zvorudzidziso munzvimbo dzavose. Prades Commission, yakagadzwa muProcessionstions (Northern Ireland) Act, anodzora kufora kwokurwisana (kazhinji nezvitendero zvakasimba kana kuti zvikwata zvetsika) kudzivisa kutyisidzirwa nokudzivirira maruramiro enzanga dzechiduku kuti dzirarame pasina kunetsa.

Kudzivirirwa Kwepamutemo Nemasangano

Commission Yamaruramiro Avanhu yokuchamhembe kweIreland

Chibvumirano cheGood Chishanu chakaraira kuumbwa kweNorthern Ireland Rights Commission (NIHRC) seboka rakazvimirira kuti ritarisire nokusimudzira kodzero dzevanhu. NIHRC ine basa rapamutemo rokupa zano hurumende pamusoro pokuwiriraniswa kwemitemo nemipimo yekodzero dzevanhu uye kushanda kuBill of Rights for Northern Ireland (chishamiso chiri pasi apa). Basa racho inzwi rinokosha nokuda kwezvishomanene, rinopa mishumo pamusoro poruvengo, mapurisa, utano hwepfungwa, uye kodzero dzavatami vanobva kumusha (hwunoumba chiverengero chiduku chavaduku muNorthern Ireland).

Basa Rokuenzana Rokuchamhembe kweIreland

Parutivi peNIHRC, chibvumirano chakavamba Eunity Commission for Northern Ireland (ECNI) kumanikidza mitemo yokuenzana uye kudenha rusaruro rwezvamatongerwe enyika pazvikonzero zvorudzidziso, murangariro, dzinza, urema, zera, uye vatano. Masimba esangano anobatanidza kufeyafeyafeya, kubvunza kwapamutemo, uye kuita chiito chapamutemo. Chisiko charo chakanga chiri mhinduro yakananga kurusarurano rwakarongwa rwakatamburwa nevomuKaturike vashoma muzana ramakore rechi20, asi kudzivirira kwacho zvino mapoka ose anochengedzerwa, kubatanidza dzinza duku nenzanga yeLGBT+.

Chikamu 75 cheNorthern Ireland Act 1998

Zvichida gadziriro imwe ine simba zvikurusa nokuda kwamaruramiro maduku iChikamu 75 cheNorthern Ireland Act, icho chinoshandisa chibvumirano. Inoisa basa remitemo pazviremera zvose zvehurumende muNorthern Ireland kuva nemhaka yokudikanwa kwokusimudzira kuenzana kwemikana mipfumbamwe, kubatanidza rudzidziso, murangariro wezvamatongerwe enyika, uye rudzi. Kunodawo zviremera kusimudzira ukama hwakanaka pakati pavanhu vezvitendero zvakasiyana nemirangariro yezvamatongerwe enyika. Iri basa rinoshanda kudhipatimendi riri rose rehurumende, dare routano, uye ruvimbiko rwevoruzhinji, zvinobudirira kusimudzira kuenzana mukushanda kwezuva nezuva kwehurumende. Muitiro uri wose unofanira kugadzirirwa nokuda kwetapuro yawo pamapoka maduku, uchivimbisa kuti hurumende haigoni kuhushatsatirwa nenzira isingazivi kana kuti isati iri pamutemo.

Kuenzana Nokusasarura

Basa Rakanaka Nemitemo Yakaenzana

Good Friver Augnition yakavakwa pamutemo webasa wapakuvamba wakanga warambidza rusaruro rworudzidziso munzvimbo yebasa. Garando raFair Work and Treatment (Northern Ireland) 1998 rakawedzerwa dziviriro kufukidza nzvimbo dzisiri mabasa dzakadai sedzimba, dzidzo, uye gadziriro yezvinhu nemabasa. A Fair Proce Broughts Tribunal yakatangwa kuti inzwe zvichemo. Somugumisiro, mukaha mumwe wemwero weurovha dzeKaturike (iyo yakanga yave iri yakakwirira zvikuru kupfuura mwero yePurotesitendi) wakateteswa zvikuru, kuratidzira tapuro yezvikwakero zvekodzero dzekodzero dzechipo.

Kuchinja Zvinhu

Imwe yenzvimbo dzaikwikwidzana zvikurusa yakanga iri mapurisa. Royal Ulster Constabulary (RUC) yakanga iri Purotesitendi inokurira zvikuru uye isingavimbiki zvikuru nevomushoma veKaturike. Chibvumirano chacho chakatungamirira kuPatten Commission, iyo yakarumbidza kunyanyokwikwidza kwakakwana simba raPolice Service weNorthern Ireland (PSNI), kusuma 50: 50 protestant unistism (yakagadziridzwa gare gare gare), kuvamba Dare rePristi, uye kuumba hurumende inorovedza kodzero dzavanhu. Nepo zvinetso zvichiripo, mwero wevakuru vakuru veKaturike wakakwira kubva pa8% muU. 1999 kusvika ku30% nhasi, uye PISN zvino unorangarirwa serimwe ramauto anozvidavirira zvikurusa muUK.

Gadziriro Yedzimba Nenzanga

Chibvumirano chacho chakasimbisawo basa reNorthern Ireland Homes Administrative (NIHE), iro rakanga raitwa muna 1971 kugumisa kugoverwa kwedzimba dzoupameso kwakanyandura sangano rekodzero dzavanhu. NIHE inogovera dzimba dzenzanga pahwaro hunodikanwa, uye Chikamu 75 chinovimbisa kuti mapoka edzinza mashoma, vakadzi vanotiza masimba masimba omumba, uye vanhu vane urema havasisiri vane njodzi. program yeHromendiro yekodzero dzekodzero dzenzanga yakavhengana uye gadziriro dzemibatanidzwa yevavakidzani vanoratidzira kuzvipira kwekuvaka nzanga yapachokwadi.

Kubatsira Kunoita Chibvumirano Chakanaka CheChishanu Pakodzero Dzokuduku

Kuderedzwa Mumasimba Masimba Nefunganyo Yesekete

Chinonyanya kuoneka kuderera kukuru kwemasimba masimba ezvematongerwe enyika. Nepo mapoka emauto anoramba achishingaira kusvika kumwero wakati, nhamba yenzufu dzakaderera kubva pa 400 pagore mukutanga kwema1970 kusvika panhamba imwe chete pashure pechibvumirano. Nemhaka yokutya kushoma, nzanga shomanana (kungava mauto enyika munharaunda dzePurotesitendi kana kuti vabatanidzwa munharaunda dzechiKaturike nevokugara pamwe chete) vakakwanisa kutora rutivi vakasununguka zvikuru muupenyu hwavo. Chibvumirano chakabvumirawo kusunungurwa kwokutanga kwevasungwa vaitsigira zvematongerwe enyika, danho rakamutsa nharo rakabvisa chimhingamupinyi chikuru kurugare.

Ukama Hwenzanga Hwakavandudzwa Nokukurukurirana

Chibvumirano chakatanga kurapa kupfurikidza nenzvimbo nekurukurirano. Community Relations Council yakasimbiswa kutsigira migove mikuru, uye Office yeMufundisi wokutanga nemuteveri woMufundisi wokutanga yakasimudzira Commentauning: Kuvaka gadziriro yeUnited Community. Izvi zvakasimudzira kunzwisisa nokubatira pamwe pakati pemagamuchidzanwa makuru maviri, pamwe chete navatsva vatami vaduku zvikuru veEastern Europe, nzanga dzeChina nedzokuMabvazuva eAsia, uye nzanga dzeMarom. MuBel Confoundation Projectives [FFF] project [FFF]

Bhuku Ramaruramiro Asina Kubviswa

Chimwe chezvipikirwa zvisingazadziki zveChibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu i Bhill of Rights for Northern Ireland icho chaizo "ratidza nheyo dzokuremekedzana nokuda kwokuzivikanwa uye kuremekedzwa kwenzanga dzose dziri mbiri. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . .

Zvinetso Zvinoramba Zvichingoramba Zvichimuka uye Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi

Pasinei zvapo nebudiriro dzayo, gadziriro dzekodzero dzeChishanu dzeChibvumirano cheGood Chirefu hadzina kupedza zvinetso zvose. Kuparadzana kwemapoka mudzimba nedzidzo kunoramba kwakakwirira.Nhamba dzinopfuura 90% dzevana vanopinda zvikoro zvinoparadza rudzidziso. Vengai mwero youtsotsi, zvikurukuru kurudzi ruduku uye LGBT+ vanhu, iri kukwira. Nhaka yeZvinetso (mhiko, zviitiko zvisina kugadziriswa zvokuuraya nemauto echengeteko) zvinopfuurira kuparadzanisa nzanga, uye masangano ezvamatongerwe enyika ave asina kugadzikana, uye Magungano akaregeredzwa pakati pa2002007 na202020. Uyezve, muganhu pashure peBredhia inhau inomutsa gakava muganhu unotyisidzira muganhu unotyisidzira muganhu unodzo huru, sokutapura kwezvamagariro yorudzi rwamarudzi ose ari maviri ebatanidzwa nekodzero dzorudzi rwavanhu nedzenyika dzose.

mhedziso

Chibvumirano cheGood Weshanu Chibvumirano chinoramba chiri chiratidzo nokuda kwamaruramiro maduku muNorthern Ireland. Chinotsiva gadziriro yokutonga kwamasekete neimwe inodzorwa namasimba, maruramiro etsika. Chivanza chakasimba kusarura mapurisa uye kusimudzira kuva nechokuita, uye chakapa inzwi kuna avo vakanga vanyaradzwa kwezvizvarwa. Nepo vasina kukwana, kubvumirana igadziriro ichinhu chipenyu /ichinopfuurira kuumba kurukurirano pamutauro, kuzivikanwa, uye kuva nohuenzani hwetsika. Sezvino Northern Ireland inonzvera zvinetso zvepapost-Brtisk, nheyo dzeChibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu chamaganhu, kuenzana kworuremekedzo, kuenzana nokuda kwemhakano yemharadzano dzinodikanwa zvikuru kupfuura kuvimbisa kuti kodzero dzevoruzhinji dzinotsigirwa.

Nokuda kwokuravazve, ona hofisi yeProfesi yeFosa nhungamiro kuChibvumirano Chakanaka cheChishanu, Commission of Human Rights of Ireland yokuchamhembe, uye [[FLT:] Komiti yokusaenzaniswa nokuda kweNorthern Ireland .