Table of Contents
Masangano ehurumende anobatira sorutivi rwokuchengetedzwa kwekodzero dzevanhu muUnited States, achishanda nesimba kudzivirira vanhu pakusarurana uye kuva nechokwadi chokubatwa zvakaenzana pasi pomutemo. aya masangano ehurumende anotanga mitemo yakakwana, anoongorora kuputswa kwemitemo, anoronda mishonga yepamutemo, uye anotsigira zvirongwa zvedzidzo zvinobatsira kuparira nzanga inowirirana zvikuru nokuda kwevagari vose.
Kunzwisisa mashandiro anoita masangano aya, mitemo yaanoshandisa kudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu kunokosha kuti munhu upi noupi atsvake kuenzana uye kururamisira muUnited States.
Fandesheni Yekodzero Dzevagari Vemo
Kuzvipira kwehurumende kuchengetedzwa kwekodzero dzevanhu kwakachinja zvikuru mumakumi amakore, kwakaumbwa nomutemo wetsika nemasangano enzanga aida kuenzana neruramisiro. Zvirongwa zvokudzikamisa kodzero dzevagari vemo zvazvino uno zvakabuda zvikurukuru muCivil Rights Act ya1964, Voting Rights Act of 1965, Fair Howard Act ye 1968, uye maAmerica ane Division Act ye1990. Iyi mitemo yenheyo yakaumba chirongwa chepamutemo icho chinopa simba masangano ehurumende kurwisa rusaruro muzvimiro zvawo zvakasiyana - siyana.
Gadziriro yokuchengetedzwa kwekodzero dzevanhu yanhasi inoshanda pamwero yakasiyana, masangano ehurumende anoshanda mutsinhirano nehurumende dzenyika nevomunzvimbomo, masangano okushandisa nzanga, uye vadzori venzanga. Iyi nzira yokubatira pamwe inovimbisa kuti dziviriro dzekodzero dzevanhu dzinosvika kuvanhu munzanga dzose, pasinei zvapo nenzvimbo kana kuti mavara okugara munyika.
Ganhuriro Huru Dzine Mhaka Yokudzivirira Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo
Masangano ehurumende akawanda ane mutoro mukuru wokusimbisa mitemo yekodzero dzevanhu mumativi akasiyana - siyana enzanga yeAmerica.
Department of Justice Civil Rights Department yeUnited States
Chikamu Chinobvumira mitemo yehurumende inorambidza rusaruro pahwaro hwedzinza, ruvara, vatano, urema, rudzidziso, mugariro wedzinza, uye mugariro wougari hwemo.
Chikamu ichi chinobatsira hurumende yose kuti iite kuti mitemo yekodzero dzevanhu itevedzerwe, uye zvikwata zvayo zvinoshanda nemamwe masangano kuti zvitsigire mitemo yekodzero dzevanhu.
Mitemo yekodzero dzevanhu inogona kudzivirira vanhu pakusarurana, kunetsa, kana kuti kubatwa zvisina kufanira mumhatsa dzakadai sedzimba, basa, chikoro, kuvhota, bhizimisi, kutarisirwa kweutano, nzvimbo dzevoruzhinji, uye zvakawanda. Chikamu chinodzivirira kuongorora kunyunyuta kunobatanidza kuchengetwa kwomutemo, utsotsi hwokuvengana, uye kutengesa vanhu zvisiri pamutemo, zvichiita kuti kuve chinhu chinobatsira zvikuru kuvanhu vanotarisana nokupunzwa kwekodzero dzevanhu.
Chibvumirano cheChibvumirano chekodzero dzevanhu chakaitwa muna 1957 kuti chiite kuti mitemo yehurumende yekodzero dzevanhu ive yakarongwa zvikuru.Chibviro chokusikwa kwacho, Chikamu Chakaita basa rinokosha mukusimudzira kudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzevanhu, kubvira pakuedza kubvisa kodzero dzehurumende muma1960 kusvika kumabasa evatsigiri vemitemo yemazuva ano kugadzirisa kusasarurana kwegadziriro dzehurumende mumapurisa, dzidzo, uye mabasa.
Basa Rakakodzera Rokuwana Basa
Dare reU.S. Aumetics Opportunity Commission (EOC) rine mutoro wokusimbisa mitemo yehurumende inokuita kuve kusingabvumirwi kusarura mushandi anokumbirwa basa kana kuti mushandi nemhaka yedzinza romunhu wacho, ruvara, rudzidziso, vatano (kubatanidza pamuviri, kusununguka, kana kuti migariro inowirirana, mugariro wevatano, uye mavambo orudzi, zera (40 kana kuti kupfuura), urema kana kuti mashoko emavara okugara nhaka.
United States Aumement Obster Opportunity Commission (EOC) isangano rehurumende reUnited States rakatangwa kupfurikidza neCivil Rights Act ya1946 kuti ripe mitemo yekodzero dzevanhu yokurwisa rusaruro rwebasa uye kuti iite kuti ishandiswe.
Vashandirwi vazhinjisa vane vanenge vashandi vane 15 vanofukidzwa nemitemo yeEEOC 20 vashandi vari mumhaka dzezera rinosarurwa), masangano mazhinjisa ebasa namasangano emabasa anofukidzwawo, uye mitemo inoshanda kumarudzi ose emabasa, kubatanidza kupinza basa, kupfura, kukwidziridza, kunetsa, rovedzo, mibayiro, uye betsero. Uku kufukidzwa kwakafara kunovimbisa kuti voruzhinji vavashandi veAmerica vanogona kuwana dziviriro dzebasa dzehurumende.
EEOC ine chiremera chokunzvera pomero dzorusaruro mukurwisana navashandirwi vanofukidzwa nomutemo, uye basa resangano mukunzvera nderokuyera zvakarurama ndokuwana zvakarurama pomero dziri mumuripo uye ipapo kuwana. Kupfuura mukunzvera nyunyuto dzomunhu oga, EEOC inopawo nhungamiro kumasangano ehurumende, kugadzira zvinhu zvedzidzo, uye kurovedza vachengeti vemipikicha yemari murutivi rwebasa rose.
Bazi reHofisi Yedzidzo Nokuda Kwamaruramiro Avagari Vemo
Department of Education’s Office for Civil Rights (OCR) inobatira sesangano guru rokuchengetesa nokuda kwemitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo muzvirongwa zvedzidzo. OCR inonzvera nzvero dzorusaruro muzvikoro, makoreji, uye mayunivhesiti ayo anogamuchira mari yehurumende, achikurukura nhau dzine chokuita nedzinza, ruvara, mavambo enyika, vatano, urema, uye rusaruro rwezera.
Kudzorwa kweOCR kunobatanidza kuchengetwa kweTitle IX, kunorambidza rusaruro rwevatano mudzidzo, Title VI, inorambidza rusaruro rwedzinza, uye Chikamu 504 cheRehabilitation Act, chinodzivirira vadzidzi nourema. Hofisi inonzvera kunyunyuta kuvambira pakunetswa kwevatano nedenho kusvikira kumikana yemitambo isina kuenzana, miitiro yechirango, uye kurambwa kwamasangano edzidzo kuvadzidzi vane urema.
Kupfurikidza nenzvero dzokuteerera, nzvero dzenyunyuto, uye betsero younyanzvi, OCR inoshanda kuva nechokwadi chokuti vadzidzi vose vane kusvika kwakaenzana kwemikana yedzidzo pasinei zvapo namavara avo akadzivirirwa. Hofisi inogona kutaurirana zvibvumirano zvechisarudzo namasangano edzidzo, inoda zviito zvokururamisa, uye, muzvinoitika zvokusawirirana kunopfuurira, kutanga nhano dzokugumisa mari yomubatanidzwa.
Department of Home Nekubudirira Kwemataundi
Department of House and Urban Development (HUD) inomanikidza kuti paitirwe dare reFair House Act, rinorambidza rusaruro mumitemo yedzimba ine chokuita nedzinza, ruvara, mavambo orudzi, rudzidziso, vatano, nzvimbo yepabonde, uye urema. Hofisi yeHud yeFair House and Expliture Option inonzvera fungidziro dzedzimba, kudzokororwa kwedzimba, uye inogovera dzidzo nokuwana kuti itsigire miitiro yedzimba dzakarurama.
Dare racho rinoongorora kunyunyuta kunosanganisira kuramba kurenda kana kutengesa imba, mashoko nemhosva, kuendesa vatengi kana kuti varendi kunzvimbo dzakachengetedzwa, uye kukundikana kupa pokugara vanhu vane urema.
Kupfuura kuongorora kwokunyunyuta, HUD inotungamirira gadziriro dzinotsigira masangano edzimba akanaka, kuongorora kuti azive miitiro yokusasarura, uye kushanda nemasangano ehurumende neomunzvimbomo kuti asimbise kuchengetwa kwedzimba zvakanaka pamwero yose yehurumende.
Mamwe Masangano Ane Mitoro Yekodzero Dzevagari Vemo
Mamwe masangano akawanda ehurumende anochengeta mahofisi ekodzero dzevagari vemo kana kuti mapoka ane mutoro wokuva nechokwadi chokusasarura munharaunda dzawo dzepurogiramu.Dhipatimendi reUtano Nebasa Ravanhu rinomanikidzira mitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo mugadziriro dzoutano, Department of Transportation rinokurukura norusaruro mumibato yokufambisa, uye Department of Labor rinoita kuti zvinodikanwa zvisingadikanidzwi nokuda kwevagari vehurumende uye kupa vagamuchiri.
Rimwe nerimwe remasangano aya rinobatsira pakuchengetedza kodzero dzevanhu, richivimbisa kuti mapurogiramu ehurumende uye mabasa anotsigirwa nehurumende anoshanda pasina rusaruro.
Mitoro Yekodzero Dzevagari Vemo
Masangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo anoita mitoro yakawanda yakabatana iyo pamwe chete inoshanda kudzivirira, kuziva, uye kupedza rusaruro.
Nzvero Yokunyunyuta Nechisarudzo
Kana vanhu vachifunga kuti vasarura vamwe, vanogona kunyora nyaya dzekunyunyuta nesangano rehurumende rakakodzera, iro rinobva raongorora kuti rione kana kuputswa kwemitemo kwakaitika here.
Muitiro wokunzvera unobatanidza chaizvoizvo kuunganidza ufakazi kubva kuvose vari vaviri munyunyuti nomugamuchiri, kuhwirudzura magwaro akakodzera, kubvunzurudza zvapupu, uye kunzvera maidi mumipimo yapamutemo inoshanda. Vatengi vanofanira kuramba vasingasaruri, vachinzvera zvakakwana ufakazi hwose kuti vasvike mhedziso dzakarurama pamusoro pokuti rusaruro rwakaitika here.
Masangano akawanda anopa mamwe masangano anotsiva kugadzirisa zvinetso, zvakadai sokugadzirisa, uko kunogona kugovera mhinduro yokukurumidza uye isati yapa nhambo yokunyunyuta.
Kumanikidzwa Nokunyengerwa
Apo kunzvera kunozivisa kuputswa kwemitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo, masangano ane maturusi akasiana - siana okutarisira nawo kupedza rusaruro uye kudzivisa kuputswa kwomunguva yemberi.
Masangano angataurirana nezvezvibvumirano zvinoda kuti vaya vanenge vabvunzwa vaite zviito zvokugadzirisa, vape rubatsiro rwemari kune vanenge vawirwa nemhosva, kuchinja kwemitemo, uye kuongororwa kuti vave nechokwadi chokuti kutaurirana nezvokugadzirisa zvinhu kunokundikana kana kuti kuputswa kunopesana, masangano anogona kuvavarira kugadzirisa nyaya yacho mudare rehurumende, achitsvaka kusunungura, kukuvadza, uye mimwe mishonga.
Kuchengetwa kwemitemo kunoshanda zvinangwa zvakawanda: kunozorodza vanhu vanosarurwa, kunogadza mienzaniso yepamutemo inojekesa kudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzevanhu, inodzivisa kuputswa kwekodzero dzevanhu munguva yemberi nokutyisidzira migumisiro yepamutemo, uye inosimudzira kuchinja kwegadziriro dzemitemo kunobatsira nzanga dzakawanda.
Kufambira Mberi Kwemitemo uye Nhungamiro
Masangano ekodzero dzevanhu anotanga mitemo, mirau, uye zvinyorwa zvinotungamirira izvo zvinodudzira mitemo yekodzero dzevanhu uye zvinogovera kujeka pamusoro pezvinodikanwa zvapamutemo.
Mapepa enhungamiro anotungamirira anotungamirira kunhau dzinomuka, kujekesa mifungo mumutauro wemitemo, uye kugovera mienzaniso inoshanda yokuteerera nokusawirirana. Kupfurikidza nokubudisa nhungamiro yakajeka, masangano anotsigira kuzviisa pasi kwokuzvidira uye anoderedza bviro yokuputsa kusingachinjiki.
Mitemo iyi ine simba romutemo uye inogovera zvinodiwa zvine udzame izvo zvinowedzera mirayiro mikuru yemitemo.
Dzidzo Nokuchinja
Kudzivirira kunoitwa nevezvemasangano anoongorora mapurogiramu edzidzo akagadzirwa kuti azivise vanhu nezvokudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzevanhu, anobatsira masangano anomiririra vanhu kunzwisisa mitemo yaanofanira kutevedzera, uye anokurudzira tsika dzokubatanidza uye kusarura.
Zvirongwa zvinogadzira zvinhu zvinogadzirirwa vanhu, zvakadai sevashandirwi, vadzidzisi, vanotarisira dzimba, uye vanhu vangasarurwa.
Kuedza kuita izvi kunosanganisirawo kuvaka ukama nemasangano enzanga, mapoka evapfumi, uye vaya vanochengetedza kodzero dzevanhu vanogona kubatsira kuparadzira mashoko ekodzero dzevanhu uye kubatanidza vanhu nezvinhu zvinochengetedza kana kuputswa kwaitwa.
Kuongorora Nokutsvakurudza
Kunze kwokupindura kunyunyuta kwomunhu oga, masangano anoongorora kuzviisa pasi kwekodzero dzevanhu kuti aone kana masangano ane chokuita ari kuita misengwa yawo yepamutemo.
Kuongorora kunoitwa kunosanganisira kuongorora mitemo, miitiro, uye migumisiro yokuziva nzira dzokusarura kana kuti mhinganidzo dzemukana wakaenzana.
Izvi zvinoita kuti masangano azive uye agadzirise rusaruro rungasavapo nokunyunyuta kwevanhu voga, zvichibatsira vanhu vakawanda vangave vasina kumhan’arira.
Gadziriro Yokumanikidza Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo: Kubva Pakunyunyuta Kuenda Kuchisarudzo
Kunzwisisa kuti masangano anoongorora nyaya dzekodzero dzevanhu anoita sei kunyunyuta kunotibatsira kunzwisisa kushanda kwekodzero dzevanhu.
Kunyunyuta
Masangano akawanda anopa nzira dzakawanda dzokutsvaka nadzo kunyunyuta, kusanganisira mahofisi epaIndaneti, tsamba, runhare, uye kunyora mashoko pamahofisi esangano. Masangano anowanzoda kuti zvichemo zviitwe mumitemo chaiyo yenguva yakananga pashure pokusarura kunofungidzirwa, kunyange zvazvo miganhu iyi ichisiyana nesangano uye mutemo.
Kunyunyuta kunofanira kuva namashoko akati makuru, kubatanidza kuzivikanwa kwomunyunyuti, kuzivikanwa kwebato rinopomerwa rusaruro, rondedzero yomufambiro worusaruraganda, uye hwaro hworusaruro (zvakadai sedzinza, vatano, kana kuti urema). Masangano kazhinji kazhinji anogovera betsero kuvanyunyuti mukugadzirira nokutsiva nyunyuto, achiziva kuti vanhu vazhinji vangava vasina kurovedzana nemiitiro yapamutemo.
Kudzokorora Kwokutanga uye Kutora
Masangano paanotanga kuongorora nyaya yacho anotanga aongorora kuti zvinenge zvataurwa nemitemo yekodzero dzevanhu here uye anotaura kuti kuzvidya mwoyo kwacho kunosanganisira kuongorora kana kunyunyuta kwacho kuchisanganisira sangano rakavharwa, kusarura kunobva pachinhu chakadzivirirwa, uye kutsanangura mufambiro ungagona kuputsa mutemo.
Kana nyunyuto ikakundikana kunze kwechiremera chesangano kana kuti ikakundikana kutaura chirevo, sangano racho rinowanzodzinga kunyunyuta kwacho asi ringanongedzera kune anenge achinyunyuta kune zvimwe zvinhu zvakakodzera. Kana kunyunyuta kwacho kuchiita zvinodiwa zvine simba uye zviduku, sangano rinoigamuchira nokuda kwokunzvera.
Nzvero
Vaongorori vanozivisa mhinduro yemashoko acho vokumbira mhinduro kumashoko acho. Sangano racho rinozounganidza uchapupu hunobva kumativi ose, zvingasanganisira magwaro, mashoko akanyorwa, kubvunzurudza, uye kushanya panzvimbo dzepaIndaneti.
Iyi nzvero inoda kusanorangarirwa kwoufakazi hwakananga hwedonzo rorusarura, ufakazi hwezvimwe zvimiro zvinokarakadza zvinangwa zvorusarura, uye mirau inozivisa mitoo yokusasarura kana kuti yemipimo.
Mukunzvera kwose, masangano anochengeta zvakavanzika kusvikira kutambanuko inobvira, achidzivirira kuvandika kwavanonyunyuta uye vakabvunzwa apo aiunganidza mashoko anodikanwa kuti asvike mhedziso dzapamutemo.
Kuwana uye Chisarudzo
Kana sangano racho rikasawana kuputswa, rinovhara nhau yacho chaizvoizvo, kunyange zvazvo vanyunyuti vangasarudza kutevera kutongwa kwemunhu oga zvichitsamira pamutemo unoshanda.
Apo masangano anowana kuputswa, anoshanda kurukurirano kupfurikidza nemiitiro yakasiana - siana. zvinoitika zvakawanda zvinopedzwa kupfurikidza nekurukurirano dzokugadzikisa, apo vapokani vanobvumirana kupedza matanho pasina kupfuurira kuendesa kudare. Zvibvumirano zvokugara zvingabatanidza kuyamura nemari nokuda kwavanyajambwa, chinjo dzemiitiro, zvinodikanwa zvokurovedza, uye gadziriro dzokutarisira.
Kana kutaurirana kwokugadzirisa zvinhu kukakundikana, masangano angaronda nhau dzokutonga kana kuti kupiwa mhaka kwehurumende kuti atsigire mitemo yekodzero dzevanhu.
Kuongorora uye Kutevera
Chisarudzo chenyunyuto hachisati chichigumisa nguva dzose kubatanidzwa kwesangano. Muzvinoitika zvinobatanidza zvibvumirano zvokugadzikisa kana kuti mitemo yokubvuma, masangano anowanzoita dare kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti vapinduri vanowirirana nezvinenge zvabvumiranwa kana kuti kurongwa nedare. Uku kuongorora kungapfuurira kwemwedzi kana kuti makore, zvichitsamira parudzi rwokuputswa uye kuoma kwemishonga inodikanwa.
Kana vanhu vakabvunzwa vakakundikana kuita zvinoenderana nezvinotaurwa nedare, masangano anogona kutsvaka mutemo wacho nokuzvidzwa kana kuti nokusaremekedzwa.
Mitemo Mikuru Yekodzero Dzevagari Vemo Inomanikidzwa Nehurumende
Kunzwisisa mitemo iyi kunobatsira kunzwisisa kuti kodzero dzevanhu dzakatevedzana dzakadii uye kuti dzisabvumirwa.
Zita reChitayera reViI reMutemo Wekodzero Dzevagari Vomunyika ya1964
Zita reViI reChibvumirano chekodzero dzevanhu cha1946 rinorambidza kusasarura munhu nemhaka yedzinza, ruvara, chitendero, zvepabonde (kusanganisira pamuviri, kuda kurara nomumwe munhu, uye nzvimbo yezvepabonde), kana kuti mamiriro okunze enyika.
Mutemo wacho unorambidza kubatwa zvisina kunaka (kusarura kwemaune) uye kukanganisa (mitemo yokusatora rutivi inokuvadza mapoka akadzivirirwa pasina chikonzero chebhizimisi).
VaAmerica Vane Chiito Chourema
VaAmerica Vane Urema Hunorambidza rusaruro pavanhu vane urema pabasa, mabasa anoitwa nevoruzhinji, pokugara pevanhu vose, uye zvokukurukurirana nekombiyuta.
Gadziriro dzeposepo dzeADA dzinoda mabhizimisi namasangano asingapi mari anobatira vanhu kubvisa mhinganidzo dzokuwana nokugovera yamuro dzebetsero namabasa kuvimbisa kurukurirano inobudirira navanhu vane urema. Hurumende nehurumende dzemo dzinofanira kuva nechokwadi chokuti mapurogiramu avo, mabasa, uye mibato zvinosvikika kuvanhu vakaremara.
Rusaruro Rwezera Muchiito Chebasa
ADEA Crimination in Account Act ya1967 (ADEA) inodzivirira vanhu vane makore 40 kana kuti vanopfuura pakusarurwa nemhaka yezera. ADEA inoshanda kuvashandirwi vane vashandi 20 kana kuti vakawanda uye inorambidza rusaruro rwezera muchisarudzo chose chebasa, kubatanidza mitemo yemitemo yokurega basa (pasi pevamwe).
Mutemo wacho unodzivirirawo vashandi pakutsiva rusaruro rwevakwegura kana kuti kutora rutivi muzviitiko zveADEA.
Muitiro Wakanaka Wedzimba
Fair Honging Act inorambidza rusaruro mumitengo ine chokuita nedzimba yakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, mavambo orudzi, rudzidziso, vatano, mugariro weimba, uye urema. Act inofukidza dzimba zhinjisa, kubatanidza pokurenda, kutengesa musha, kukweretesa chikwereti, uye inishuwarenzi yemisha.
Fair House Act inoda vatarisiri vedzimba kuti vagadzire dzimba dzine mwero vanhu vakaremara uye kuti vagadziridze dzimba zvine mufungo.
Murairo Wokugamuchira Kodzero
Chibvumirano cheVoing Rights Act cha1965 chinorambidza rusaruro muvhota uye chine urongwa chaihwo hwakagadzirirwa kudzivisa rusaruro rwokuvhota muhurumende nenhau dzemitemo yokusasarura.Mutemo unorambidza kuongorora vanhu vasingagoni kuverenga nokunyora, mitero yokuvhota, uye mamwe madhingi akashandiswa kubvisa vavhoti vashoma.
Chikamu 2 cheVoing Rights Act chinorambidza miitiro yokuvhota uye miitiro inosarura pahwaro hwedzinza, ruvara, kana kuti mitezo muboka romutauro mushoma. Urongwa uhwu hunoshanda munyika yose uye hwave huchishandiswa kudenha kuvhota udzvinyiriri, pamasangano makuru evhoti, uye mitemo yeID.
Musoro Wechi3 Womutemo Wekodzero Dzevanhu
Musoro weChirungu unorambidza rusaruro rwakavakirwa padzinza, ruvara, kana kuti mavambo orudzi mupurogiramu nemibato zvinogamuchira betsero yemari yomubatanidzwa.
Masangano anogona kuongorora zvichemo, kuongorora kubvumirana, uye kugumisa mari inopiwa vagamuchiri vanosarura.
Musoro weIX WeMitemo Yedzidzo
Murayiro wacho unofukidza kubvumirwa kwevasungwa, kunyoreswa, kubatsirwa nemari, kumhanya, kushungurudzwa pabonde, uye kusarura vana.
Murayiro wacho unotaurawo nezvokunetswa mune zvevatano uye chisimba mudzidzo, uchida kuti zvikoro zvikurumidze kuita chiito chinoitwa nevarume uye vakadzi, zvichikurumidza uye zvichibudirira kushuma mishumo yetsika dzisina kunaka dzepabonde.
Chikamu 504 Chomutemo Wokudzorera Kukanganisika
Chikamu 504 chinorambidza rusaruro runobva paurema uye pamabasa anoitirwa kuti pave nemari yaipiwa nehurumende uye mutemo uyu wakatangira ADA uye wakaratidza mitemo yakawanda yekodzero dzevaremadza, kusanganisira zvinodiwa kuti pave nepokugara pakakodzera uye kuti pave nepurogiramu inowanika.
Chikamu 504 chinoshanda kumasangano ehurumende, zvivako zvehurumende, uye vanopiwa mari, vachivimbisa kuti vanhu vakaremara vanokwanisa kuwana mapurogiramu nemabasa anotsigirwa nehurumende.
Matambudziko Okushanda Nekodzero Dzevagari Vemo
Pasinei nokurongwa kwemitemo yekodzero dzevanhu nemasangano anochengetedza kodzero dzevanhu, zvinetso zvikuru zviri kuramba zvichitadzisa vanhu vose vokuAmerica kunyatsochengetedza kodzero dzavo.
Mazano Okushandisa Mari
Kuganhurirwa kwemari kunoganhurira nhamba yevaongorori, magweta, uye vashandi vanotsigira vanowanika kuti vapedze kunyunyuta, kuongorora, uye kuongorora.
Kubatanidzwa kwezviwanikwa zvishoma uye kudiwa kunowedzera kwemasangano kunoda kuti pave nemazano okunyatsoronga uye akarongwa, uye kuchengetwa kwezvirongwa izvi kuchavimbisa kushandiswa kwezviwanikwa zvinobudirira zvikuru nokuvimbisa kuti mari iripo yakapiwa kunhamburiko dzinokwanisa kuunza mibayiro mikurusa mukuwana mukana webasa wakaenzana.
Zvimiro Zvorusarura Zvinochinja
Rusaruraganda runopfuurira kuvapo, ruchitora nzira itsva uye dzimwe nguva dzisiri pachena dzinogona kuva dzakaoma kuziva ndokubvumikisa. rusaruro rwazvino uno runowanzoratidzira kupfurikidza norusaruro rwakajeka, rusaruro rwezviito, uye mitemo yokusatora rutivi muchitarisiko izvo zvinosimudzira kusaenzana kwenhau. Masangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo anofanira kupfuurira kugadziridza gadziriro dzawo dzokuchengeta kuti agadzirise zvinetso izvi zviri kumuka.
Kumuka kwegadziriro dzokugadzira nokugadzira zvisarudzo zvinorongwa kunopa denho dzakati, sezvo miuyo yokusasarura ingabva mumitemo yakasiana - siana panzvimbo pokusarura vanhu namaune. Masangano ari kushanda kukudziridza unyanzvi nokudzikamisa mitoo inogona nenzira inobudirira kupedza rusaruro muaya mamiriro ezvinhu oruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu.
Kuganhurirwa Kwemitemo
Mitemo yekodzero dzevanhu ine miganhu yakasiyana - siyana inodzora dzimwe nyika uye vanhu vasingagoni kubhadharwa.
Kuratidza Rusaruro
Kubvumikisa rusaruro kunogona kuva kwakaoma zvikuru, zvikurukuru muzvinoitika zvinobatanidza fungidziro yamanomano kana kuti rusaruro izvo zvakavanzwa nokungwarira. Ufakazi hwakananga hwedonzo rorusarura hahuwanzowaniki, huchida kuti vanyunyuti namasangano vavimbe noufakazi hwakarongwa nenzvero yenzvero. Vaya vanopa mhinduro dzapamutemo, dzisiri dzomutemo nokuda kwezviito zvinodenhwa, vachida kunzvera kwokungwarira kuti vaone kana idzi rondedzero dziri rugwaro rwapamberi.
Mitemo yepamutemo yokubvumikisa rusaruro yakavapo mumakumi amakore ezvisarudzo zvedare, pane dzimwe nguva kuchikuita kuti kuve kwakaoma zvikuru kuti vanyunyuti vabudirire.Masangano anofanira kushandisa gadziriro dzemitemo dzakaoma zvikuru achiunganidza ufakazi hwakakwana kuti asvitse zvinodikanwa zvinoraira chibvumikiso.
Kudzorera Nokutya Kushuma
Pasinei nokurambidzwa kutsiva nemitemo, vanoitirwa utsinye vangasangana nezvimiro zvenzira dzakaoma kuratidza kana kuti kutyira migumisiro yemasangano ane simba kana kuti vashandirwi.
Kutya kutsiva uku kunoreva kuti zvinoitika zvakawanda zvokusarura hazvishumwi, zvinoganhurira mano emasangano okuziva nokupedza kuputswa.
Kubudirira Kwemisi Ichangobva Kupfuura Mukutsigirwa Kwamaruramiro Avagari Vemo
Kuchengetedzwa kwekodzero dzevanhu kunoramba kuchichinja - chinja kuti vanhu vazodzivirirwa panzvimbo yekodzero dzevanhu, kana kuti pachinja mamiriro ezvinhu emitemo, uye zvinhu zvinokosha zvokutanga.
Kukura Kwedziviriro
Dare reEEOC rinokwanisa kuwedzera kudzivirira mapoka akanga asina kumbofukidzwa, uye muna 2012, EEOC rakasarudza kubatanidza kupiwa kwekodzero dzevanhu uye kuzivikanwa kwevarume nekodzero dzavo pasi pechikamu chakapiwa neTitle VII, chakatsigirwa neDare Repamusorosoro.
Kuwedzera uku kunoratidza kunzwisisa kunowedzera kwerusaruro uye kuchinja kwetsika dzenzanga pamusoro pokuenzana nokubatanidzwa.
Ngwarira Rusaruro Rwatinoronga
Kuedza kuronga zvinhu zvepamutemo uye kunoitwa negadziriro dzetsika dzinoda kugadziriswa uye kunoitwa zvinhu zvakaganhurirwa, pakati pezvimwe zvinhu, kupfurikidza nokuongorora zvinhu uye kuongorora zvinhu.
Izvi zvirongwa zvingabatanidza kuongorora masangano anotarisira mutemo, kuongorora mashandisi makuru kana kuti maruwa ezvikoro maererano nokubvumirana, uye kushora mitemo inodenha yorusarura inotapura nzanga dzose. Nokunyanya kusarurana, masangano anogona kugadzirisa zvisakiso zvikuru zvokusaenzana uye kubudirira kugadziridza zvivako.
Kuchinja Kwezvigadzirwa Zvesayenzi
Masangano anoongorora kodzero dzevanhu ari kuwedzera kushandisa nzira dzekugadzira zvinhu kuti abatsire vanhu kuti varambe vachikwanisa kuita basa iri.
Panguva imwe cheteyo, masangano ari kurwisana norusaruro runonyandurwa noruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, kubatanidza tsvetekiso dzemitemo, kunetsa paIndaneti, uye mhinganidzo dzekuwana.
Kupindirana
Masangano ehurumende ari kusimbisa kubatana kwekodzero dzevanhu kuti pave nechokwadi chokuti kodzero dzevanhu dzinochengetedzwa nguva dzose uye kuti dzine zvadzinoziva, kuti dzinoongororwa pamwe chete, uye kuti dzinobatsirana pakurovedzana zvinosimudzira nzira dzakabatana dzokudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu muhurumende yose.
Kubatana uku kunokosha zvikuru kuti marudzi akawanda orusaruro runopfuura miganhu yemiganhu. Somuenzaniso, rusaruro pavanhu vane urema rungabatanidza EEOC, Department of Justice, Department of Education, uye Hud, zvichitsamira pamashoko akapoteredza. Kushandira pamwe kunobudirira kunovimbisa kuti vanhu vagamuchire dziviriro huru pasinei zvapo nokuti isangano ripi rinogamuchira nyunyuto yavo pakutanga.
Basa Rehurumende Nezvemasangano Omunzvimbomo
Kunyange zvazvo masangano ehurumende achiita basa rinokosha mukuchengetwa kwekodzero dzevanhu, masangano ehurumende neomunzvimbomo anobatsirawo zvikuru kudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu.
Zvibvumirano zvehurumende nezvomunzvimbomo zvekodzero dzavanhu, masangano emabasa akanaka, uye mahofisi ekodzero dzevanhu anoongorora zvichemo, anogombedzera hurumende nemitemo yomunzvimbomo, uye kazhinji kazhinji anoshanda mubatira pamwe namasangano ehurumende kupfurikidza nezvibvumirano zvebasa. izvi zvibvumirano zvinobvumira masangano ehurumende neomunzvimbomo kunzvera zvichemo izvowo zvinoputswa kwomutemo womubatanidzwa, kuderedza chiverengero chokumwe nokuwedzera kwekuchengeta.
Ukama pakati pokuita kuti zvinhu zvienderane nehurumende hunoita kuti vanhu vakwanise kutsvaka kudzivirirwa panzvimbo dzakawanda dzehurumende.Mune zvimwe zviitiko, mitemo yehurumende inogovera dziviriro dzakasimba kana kuti miitiro yakanaka zvikuru kupfuura mutemo wehurumende, ichiita kuti masangano ehurumende ave chinhu chinokosha chokuchengetedzwa kwekodzero dzevanhu.
Kuwana Kunogona Kuita Vanhu Dziviriro Dzekodzero Dzevagari Vemo
Kunzwisisa kuti munhu angadzivirirwa sei panyaya dzekodzero dzevanhu kunokosha kune vanhu vanosarurwa, uye sangano rimwe nerimwe rinochengetedza zvinhu zvinobatsira vanhu kunzwisisa kodzero dzavo uye kushandisa nzira yokunyunyuta.
Kuziva Agency Yakakodzera
Nhano yokutanga mukutsvaka dziviriro yavagari vemo inobatanidza kuziva sangano rakakodzera kubata nokunyunyuta. Rusarura uye mashoko akapoteredza umo kwakaitika zvinosarudza kuti isangano ripi rine chiremera. Zvichemo zvokusarura kwebasa zvinowanzoenda kuEOC, kunyunyuta kworusaruro kuHud, kusarura dzidzo kuHofisi yeDhipatimendi yeDzidzo yeRudzi, uye kunyunyuta kunobatanidza kuvhota, mapurisa, kana kuti mamwe maruramiro ehurumende anodzorwa nehurumende kuBato reSahlulero.
Masangano akawanda anopa maturusi uye mafoni kuti abatsire vanhu kuona kana kunyunyuta kwavo kuchienderana nehurumende.
Kunzwisisa Zvakafa
Kumhanyisana uku kunosiyana nemutemo uye sangano, kubva pamazuva 180 kusvika pamakore anoverengeka zvichienderana nomutemo unoshanda. Kurega kuita nguva idzi kunogona kuguma nokurasikirwa nekodzero yokuita kuti mutemo utevedzerwe kana kuti urambidzwe.
Vanhu vanodavira kuti vakasarurwa vanofanira kuita chiito nokukurumidza kuti vachengetedze kodzero dzavo, vachitaura nesangano rakakodzera nokukurumidza sezvinobvira kunzwisisa nguva inoshanda uye zvinodiwa zvokunyora.
Kuunganidza Mashoko
Kunyunyuta kwakasimba kunotsigirwa nezvinyorwa zvakanyatsonyorwa zverusaruro runonzi. Vanhu vamwe navamwe vanofanira kuunganidza ndokuchengeta ufakazi hunobatanidza maemail, tsamba, kuyera kwokushanda, kutaura kwouchapupu, uye zvimwe zvinhu zvipi nezvipi zvinotsigira kutaura kwavo.
Kunyange zvazvo masangano achigona kuongorora kunyunyuta kunyange pasina uchapupu hwakakura, kuva nouchapupu hwakasimba kunowedzera mukana wokubudirira uye kunobatsira vaongorori kunzwisisa kukura kwerusaruro runonzi runokonzerwa neizvi.
Kutsvaka Betsero
Masangano akawanda anobatsira vanhu kuti vasanyanya kunetseka nokunyunyuta, kusanganisira masangano epamutemo, mapoka ekodzero dzevanhu, uye masangano anodzivirira kodzero dzevanhu. Mamwe masangano anobatsirawo pakugadzirira kunyunyuta uye anogona kupindura mibvunzo pamusoro pemaitiro acho.
Nokuda kwavanhu vanoshuva kuronda tsinhiro dzakavanzika mukuwedzera kunyunyuta kwehurumende kana kuti panzvimbo pezvo, kubvunza gweta rine unyanzvi mumutemo wekodzero dzavagari vemo kunogona kugovera nhungamiro inokosha pamusoro pezvisarudzo zvapamutemo namazano.
Kushanda Kwakaita Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo
Kutarisira kodzero dzevanhu kwakabudirira zvikuru mukurwisa rusaruro uye kutsigira kuenzana kwemakumi emakore apfuura.
Kuvapo kwegadziriro dzokuita kuti vanhu vasaparadzwe uye kuzvipira kukodzero dzevanhu kunoitwa nevanhu vose uye kunoita kuti pave nokuzvidavirira nokuda kwemufambiro wokusasarura.
Zvisinei, basa rinokosha rasara kuti rinyatsoenzana uye ribvise rusaruro mumarudzi aro ose.Kusasarura basa, dzidzo, dzimba, uye dzimwe nzvimbo kunoratidza kuti rusaruro runoramba ruchiganhurira mikana yevanhu vakawanda vokuAmerica.Masangano ekodzero dzevanhu anofanira kuramba achichinja uye achisimbisa zvaanoita kuti vatsigire kusarurana kwenguva refu uye kuri kumuka.
Kutarira Mberi: Nguva Yemberi Yokumanikidzwa Kwekodzero Dzevagari Vemo
Nguva yemberi yokuchengetwa kwekodzero dzevanhu ichaumbwa nezvinhu zvakawanda, kusanganisira kuchinja kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, kuchinja kwenhamba dzevagari vemo, kubvisa tsanangudzo dzepamutemo, uye zvinhu zvinokosha.
Kupindura Tsika Dzakapiwa nemitemo
Sezvo gadziriro dzokuita zvisarudzo zvokuzviitira nokuronga dzinova dzakapararira nenzira inowedzera mubasa, dzimba, chikwereti, uye dzimwe nharaunda, masangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo anofanira kutanga mano okuziva nokupedza rusaruro rwemitemo. Ikoku kuchada unyanzvi hwezvounyanzvi hwezvokunzvera, mitoo mitsva yetsika itsva inobvira kurangarira rusarurano rwakaiswa mubumbiro remitemo nemashoko.
Kusvika Kwakasiyana
Kuziva kuti vanhu vanowanzosarurwa nemhaka yokusiyana - siyana, kuchiita kuti pave nokuedza kuongorora kunoitwa kuti pave nemapoka akangwara zvikuru anoona kuti madzinza, unzenza, kuremara, uye mamwe mavara zvinobatana sei kuti zviite kuti pave norusaruro rwakasiyana nemamwe.
Kushandira Pamwe Kunonyandura
Pane kungovimba nokuramba kutevedzerwa kwemakambani anenge achitaura nezvenyaya yacho, masangano ari kuwedzera kusimbisa kuzviisa pasi kwenzira dzokuita zvinhu zvinobatsira kuti pave nesangano risingasaruri risati raitika.
Kumanikidzwa Kwemashoko
Mashoko akakura ari kugonesa masangano kuziva mitoo yorusaruro iyo ingasaoneka munyunyuto dzoga.
Zviwanikwa Zvinokosha Zvemashoko Ane Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo
Masangano ehurumende anochengetedza mawebsite ane mashoko akawanda anotaura nezvokunyunyuta, kunzwisisa kodzero dzevanhu, uye kuwana rubatsiro.
Department of Justice Civil Rights Division inogovera mashoko pamusoro pemitemo yakasiana--- siyana yekodzero dzevanhu uye zvirongwa zvokutarisira kuti maruramiro ehurumende zvishandiswe pa https //wwww.ggment.gov/crt. EEOC inogovera zviwanikwa zvakawanda pamusoro perusaruro rwemabasa pa https.w.gooc.[. Department of Education of Libertion for Marrecurity richengeta mashoko pamusoro pedzidzo panzvimbo yavo yepajiro, nenzvimbo dzekunyunyuta mashoko.
Kupfuura masangano ehurumende, masangano akadai seAmerican Civil Liberies Union, NAACP Legal Defense Fund, National Women’s Law Center, uye mamwe masangano akawanda okusasarura vanhu anopa mashoko, betsero, uye kumirira vanhu vanotarisana nokuputswa kwekodzero dzevagari vemo. Masangano ezvepamutemo omunzvimbomo anowanzogovera mabasa apamutemo akasununguka kuvanhu vanowana rusarura.
Nokuda kwamashoko ose pamusoro pamasangano ehurumende nekodzero dzawo dzevagari vemo, USA.gov inochengeta kasarudzo yakafara pa http://www.usa.gov iyo inogona kubetsera vanhu kuziva sangano rakakodzera reitiro hanya dzavo.
mhedziso
Masangano ehurumende anobatira savachengeti vanokosha vekodzero dzavagari vemo muUnited States, achisimbisa mitemo inorambidza rusaruro uye inotsigira mukana wakaenzana mumativi ose enzanga.
Kunyange zvazvo kusava norusaruro kuri kuramba kuchiitwa, kutadza kuchengetedza kodzero dzevanhu kunoramba kuchienderera mberi, kuoma kwemanyuko, kusasarurana, uye kusaenzana kunoramba kuchirayira kuti masangano anochengetedza kodzero dzevanhu arambe achigadzirisa nzira dzawo dzokuita kuti pave nechibvumirano uye kuwedzera simba rawo rokugadzirisa kusarurwa kwose kwaanoita.
Kubudirira kwokuita kuti kodzero dzevanhu dziteererwe kunotsamira pazvinhu zvakawanda: zvinhu zvakakwana zvemasangano anotarisira kuchengetwa kwemitemo, kurongwa kwemitemo kunorambidza zvakajeka rusaruro, utungamiriri hunoitwa hunoisa pokutanga kudzivirirwa kwekodzero dzevanhu, uye kuvimbisa vagari vemo vanonzwisisa kodzero dzavo uye vanoda kudzitsigira apo kuputswa kunoitika.
Sezvo chaunga chinopfuurira kuchinja, masangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo anofanira kuramba achigamuchira denho dzokumuka achichengeta musengwa wawo mukuru kukuenzana neruramisiro.
Gadziriro yokuchengetwa kwekodzero dzevagari vemo yehurumende inotonga inomirira rutivi runokosha rwehurumende yeAmerica inosarudzwa navanhu, inobatanidza kuzvipira kwenyika kubatwa kwakaenzana pasi pomutemo. Nepo basa rokuwana wirirano yakazara rinoramba risina kukwana, kuvapo kwegadziriro dzokuita kuti pave nokusimbisa kwakasimba kunogovera zvishandiso zvinokosha zvokukurira rusaruro uye kuita kuti vanoputsa vapiwe mhosva. Kupfurikidza nokupfuurira kutsigira masangano ekodzero dzevanhu uye kuzvipira kunotsiga kunheyo dzokuenzana neruramisiro, fambiro mberi kunzanga inowirirana zvirokwazvo inoramba iri inodzoreka.