Nyaya yeProto Ecosystem yeIndia

Mubatanidzwa wezviwirirano zvemuIndia wakatanga nokukurumidza mumakore gumi apfuura, unosundwa nemubatanidzwa wemiuyo yezvirongwa, uye miitiro yehurumende inoshanda. Nemavambo akanyoreswa anopfuura 100 000 uye maUnicorn anopfuura 100 (makambani anokosheswa kupfuura mabhiriyoni $2024) se2024, India inotora chikamu chechitatu munyika yose mukuwirirana nenhamba yemavambo. Hurumende yakaisa vazvinabhizimisi semuchaunga chokubudirira mune zvemari, kugadzira basa, uye kuzvimirira kwemichina. Panzvimbo pepurogiramu imwe chete, suturo yezvirongwa zvokutsigira mari, miraudzo, uye dzidzo zvinoumba kutsigira kwevavambi verweki panhambo iri yose yerwendo rwavo.

Nyaya ino inoongorora nzira dzinokosha idzo hurumende yeIndia inotsigira nadzo kutanga, kusanganisira zvirongwa zvemitambo, zvirongwa zvemari, kutsigirwa nehurumende, uye kuedza kufambira mberi kwehurumende. Inosimbisawo zvinetso zvinoramba zvichiitika uye maonero amakore ari kuuya, ichipa pfungwa dzakadzama dzokuchinja kuri kuita mamiriro ezvinhu ebhizimisi.

Vatungamiriri Vehurumende Huru

Hurumende yakatanga gadziriro dzinoverengeka dzezvinzvimbo pashure pa 2015 kuti iite mhoteredzo yakanaka nokuda kwamabhizimisi matsva. Yakatanhamara zvikurusa ndiyo Sutup India nhano, iyo yakatanga gadziriro yetsika neyakasiyana yebetsero. Inoita iyi i [[FLT:] Antal Invotion Mission [AM], [[FLT:]] inoita kuti ive muIndia , [[FT]] Digal India[FLT:], uye zvirongwa zvechikamu zvinoderedza kupinda nokukura.

Tanga India Sceed

Yakatanga muna January 2016, chirongwa cheProvent India chinopa nzira yakarongeka kuti pave nebetsero dzehurumende. Kuti ikwaniswe, kambani inofanira kuva yakaganhurirwa seyakavanzika, LLP, kana kuti mubatanidzwa, isati yasvika makore 10, uye ine jijero regore negore kwete 76100 crore. Yakambozivikanwa neBato reProvection of Industry and Internal Trade (DPIT), mavambo anofarika

  • Kurega kubhadhara: Izororo remari yomutero ramakore matatu pamusoro pemhindu mukati mamakore 10 okutanga, uye kuhesvura kubva kuhotera inowana mutero wemari pakuisa mari pakutanga.
  • [ Kubvumirana negwara rokuzvitutumadza: kutanga kunogona kuwirirana nemitemo yebasa 9 nemirau 3 yemhoteredzo, kuchideredza mutoro wokutarisira.
  • Kunzvera kunoitwa nenzira ine pamutemo:[[FL:1] Kugadzirwa kwemashandiro epamutemo nechiratidzo, na 80% tsikidzo pamitero yokunyora.
  • Access kuFormage yeChiteshi cheNdlela yeIndiya yeChiteshi cheChikepe cheChikepe cheReed Scheme (SISFS):[[FL:1]] Inopa 765 pamavambo emavambo echiratidzo chepfungwa, kuisa mativi, uye kupinda mumusika.
  • Credit Trueting Scheme: Chigovera zvikwereti zvebhangi kusvikira ku 7610 crore kuziva mavambo pasina kuyera, yakafukidzwa neCurtifict Fund Trust for Micropus neSmall Enterprises (CGTMSE).

Chirongwa chacho chakagadzirawo faundi imwe chete paIndaneti (startupinal.gov.in) uko vavambi vanogona kunyoresa, kushandira betsero, uye kusonganirana navaronzesi vemari nevanopinza mari. Kubvira muna 2024, kutanga kunopfuura 120 000 kwakazivikanwa pasi pe DPIT, kuchitanga mabasa anofungidzirwa kuva 10 lakh zvakananga.

Basa Rokuvandudza Zvinhu Reatarim (AIM)

Yakatungamirirwa naNITI Aayag, Atali Innovation Mission inovavarira kusakurira tsika yokuvandudza uye yezvokutengeserana kubva kuchikoro kusvikira kumitengo yemari. Zvinhu zvayo zvikuru zvinobatanidza:

  • Atari Tinkering Labs (ATL): yakaiswa muzvikoro zvinopfuura 10 000 muIndia, aya marabhoritari anogovera vadzidzi kuwana maturusi akadai se 3D, zvishandiso zverobhothi, uye microcontrobles, kukurudzira maoko kupedza chinetso.
  • Ataribation Centers (AIC): Pari zvino 70+ nzvimbo dzinoshanda mumayunivhesiti, masangano okunzvera, uye masangano avanhu, kupa kubetsera, nzvimbo yehofisi, uye mari yembeu kumavambo echikuva chapakuvamba.
  • Atari New India Deking: Nhevedzano yekutaura kwechinetso kunobva kuvashumiri vehurumende uye vakwanyina vemaindasitiri, vachikoka kutanga kukarakadza kupedza nokupa mari kusvikira ku 361 crore.
  • Kurongeka nokurovedza: AIM inoshanda mapurogiramu avadzidzisi, vadzidzi, uye vamabhizimisi vanotsvaka dzidzo, kubatanidza "India" mubatanidzwa wenyanzvi dzine ruzivo rwokuzviwanira.

AIM yakatsigira zvakananga mazana emavambo uye yave ichibetsera mukubvisa pfungwa dzokutsvaka basa, zvikurukuru mumaguta maduku.

Vamwe Vane Tsika Dzinotsigira

Kupfuura zvirongwa zviviri zvengarava dzinofamba nengarava, mitemo inoverengeka inocheka inosimbisa mhoteredzo yemhoteredzo yapamavambo:

  • Kugadzirwa muIndia: kunokurudzira kuisa mari yakananga yokumwe nokugadzira zvinhu zvomumba, kuchitanga mikana yokugovera mikana yokutanga munzvimbo inofambirwa zvinhu, dziviriro, maelectronic, uye simba rinomutsidzirwa.
  • Digital India: Yakakudzwa internatation, Aadhaar-rated digion, uye Nhengo dzinoshanda pamwe chete, idzo dzinovamba kushandisa zvinhu nokuda kwemabhiriyoni+ chiverengero chavagari vemo.
  • Production Intelligined Incentive (PLI) Scromes: Ipa sundo dzemari kuvagadziri mumagaba 14 (kubatanidza maelectronic, motokari, machira, uye madrone), kuzarura maB2B mabanza okuvamba nokuda kwamaindasitiri iwayo.
  • GEospatial Data Data (2021): Kuwana kwakasununguka kumepu nemashoko ezvimbambaira, kuchigonesa kutanga mumichina, kurovha, uye gadziriro yeguta kushandisa mufananidzo wesatellite yakakwirira inogadziriswa pasina mvumo isati yavapo.

Imwe neimwe yemitemo iyi inoderedza kunetsana kwevatengesi, kungava nokuderedza mari inoshandiswa pakubudisa mashoko, kuwedzera uwandu hwemashoko, kana kuti kuwedzera kuwanika kwemashoko.

Kutsigira Mari Nezvinobatsira

Kusvika kudzimbahwe chinoramba chiri chinhu chinokosha kukupukunyuka kwokutanga nenhamba. Hurumende yeIndia inogovera tsigiro yemari kupfurikidza nezvipo zvakananga, betsero dzemitero, uye miitiro isina kunanga yakadai sezvibvumirano zvemari nevimbiso dzechikwereti.

Mazororo Emitero Nokuzvidzwa

Masumo anozivikanwa anogona kukumbira 100% peshiviro yemitero pamhindu yamakore matatu api naapi anotevedzana mukati mamakore avo 10 okutanga. Mukuwedzera, kuisa mari yebhizimisi kupfurikidza nokunyoresa mari yedzimbahwe neSEBI inohesvurwa pamutero wemari yapamutemo. Macato anowanawo mutero wemari inobhadharwa pamutero pamusoro pomutengo wemari unotengwa pamusoro pomutengo wapamutemo (Utanha 56 weInhome Tax Act), gadziriro inokosha yokudzivisa mutero pamusoro pokutenga mari yengirozi.

Mari Yezvibharo Nokuda Kwavanotanga (FFS)

Idzorwa neFS inodzorwa neFS yeIndustries Development Bank yeIndia (SIDBI), FS ikorpus inokwana 7610 000 inobhadharisa muSEBI-bhengi reINCOURTments (AIFS). iyi FFS, inoisa dzimbahwe kumavambo okutanga echikuva chokutanga nenzvimbo yokuvamba. Mari yacho yakaumbwa se "mari" — haishandisi zvakananga asi sechibatiso chokuunganidza dzimbahwe ravanhu. Sapanosvika 2024, FFS yakaisa kupfuunda 100 000 C.

Vimbiso Yechikwereti Nemazano Okuzvidira

Vanechikwereti chinoti Letving Fund Trust for Micropublicas (CGTMSE) inogovera zvikwereti zvisina kuganhurirwa kumavambo 7610 kuti zvizivikanwe. Mwero yefashoni inopetwa, uye vimbiso inofukidza kusvikira ku 85% yechitsama chechikwereti. Kuwedzera, Sutup India Search Fund (SITSFS) inogovera kusvika ku65 crreare pamavambo echibvumikiso, protoping, uye kubuda musika, inobviswa kupfurikidza nezvitengi.

Kutsvakurudza Nekufambira Mberi

Madhipatimendi akadai seDHM yeSayenzi neTechnology (DST), Department of Biotechnology (DBT), uye Ministry of Electronics and Information Technology (MeitY) anopa mipiro yemibato yeR&D. Somuenzaniso, NIDHI[ (Chirongwa cheNyika nokuda kwokukubudirira nokuzvivandudza) chinogovera kunenge muna 021 kukura kweruzivo rwezvigadzirwa uye kukwira muna 050 kushandira kusimba rezvokugadzirwa kwezvigadzirwa. Zvivako, biochte, AI] uye simba rakachena zvinokurudzirwa zvikuru.

Dzidzo Nechivako Chebasa

Kunze kwokushandisa mari, hurumende yakaisa zvinhu zvokushandisa kuti itsigire kutanga kwebasa.Ichi chirongwa chinobatsira kuderedza ndyiko, kupa mazano, uye chinoita kuti pave nemikana yokushandira pamwe.

Mapaki Okuvaka Kutanga Nemapaki Ezvokugadzira Zvinhu

Hurumende namasangano akafanana neSoftware Technology Parks yeIndia (STPI) akatanga mapaka okutangira akatsaurirwa mumaguta makuru. Mapaki aya anopa nzvimbo dzemahofisi dzeplag- nedzinotamba, Bengaleru, uye zvivako zvemasangano pamitengo miduku. Somuenzaniso, STPI statifix Hub muBvunganiswari, Bengaleru, naHyrabadhadhad proces prone na tunhunhu tumwe tumwe tumwe tumwe. .[FLT:] Windows jis [FUT] .[FLT]

Purogiramu Yokuchinja Nokumhanya - mhanya

Mubatanidzwa wakasimba wezvinobhadharwa uye zvitubu, unotsigirwa nehurumende zvishoma kana kuti zvizere, unotsigira kutanga kwechikuva chapakuvamba. Masangano anoteererwa anobatanidza:

  • [[FULT:0]T-HUB (Hyderabad) — mubatanidzwa wavose wemunhu oga uyo wakatsigira mavambo anopfuura 2 000.
  • Kera Franca Mission (KSUM) — muchina westate-run unozivikanwa nokuda kwengwariro yayo yakadzika.
  • Chitendero nokuda kwokuvandudzwa neEntrepreneurship (SIN) paIT Bombay — chimwe chezvidzidzo zvapakuvambasarudzo muIndia.
  • Ataricubation Centers — yakapararira munyika 29, ichigovera mari yembeu nedzidzo.

Aya masangano anewo mapurogiramu anonyandura anobatanidza kutanga kwebasa nevashandi vebhizimisi, vachengetedzi vemari munyika yose, uye nyanzvi dzenzvimbo.

Zvinhu Zvinoshandiswa Pamagetsi

Kutanga kwakafanana ne Incactag — sesitiroko yeAPI kubatanidza Aadhaar (zvizivikanwo), UPI (kubhadharisa), Digi Locker (munonyorwa), uye Akhawunti Accounter (mazita akabatanidzwa) — yakagonesa kutanga kugadzira zvigadzikiso pamutengo wakaderera. Nomutoo, kutanga kwepinetech SPUPI nokuda kwemibhadharo yapangi; Edtech stages anoshandisa DigiLocker nokuda kwokuvarira; uye kutanga kwoutano kushandisa Adhaar nokuda kwokuzivisa kwomurwere. Hurumende inoderedza zvikuru mutengo wokuvaka nokugadzira zvinhu.

Kutanga Kwehurumende

Ichiziva kuti mhoteredzo dzezvokutengeserana kazhinji kazhinji dzinova dzakakwirira zvikuru munzvimbo yadzo, nyika dzakawanda dzeIndia dzakatanga miitiro yadzo dzimene yokutanga iyo inotsigira gadziriro huru. iyi miitiro inowanzogovera kubhadharwa kwomutero, mari yepavhu, uye zvikarakadzo zvechikamu.

  • Karnataka — Hurumende yakatanga "Stup Karnataka" nehomwe yakatsaurirwa yecrore, window imwe yehurumende, uye nzvimbo dzinoshandiswa dzinokwana 30+ shawarenzi. Bengalur inoramba iri nzvimbo hurusa yokutanga muIndia.
  • TELANA — "T-Hub" mhoteredzo muHydebad inotsigirwa nehomwe yebhizimisi yakagadzirwa nehurumende, "T-Found," ne6100 crroro yakaiswa kumavambo apakuvamba. Hurumende inotendererawo "Innovation Sandbox" purogiramu dzekuedzazve.
  • Maharashtra — Mumbai naPne vanochengeta jikete rine simba nebiotech. "Maharashtra State Involution Society" inogovera kusvikira ku 7650 lakh inopa mari nokuda kwezvirongwa zvitsva, uye hurumende inorega kutanga basa rechiteshi pakunyoresa zvinhu.
  • Tamil Nadu — "Tamil Nadu Domage and Innovation Mission" yavamba 50+ nzvimbo dzokubudisira uye inopa ndyiko huru 20% pandyiko huru nokuda kwemavambo akakwaniriswa.
  • Dzimwe nyika — Gujarat, Rajasthan, Uttar Pradesh, uye Madhya Pradesh vakatangawo mitemo yokuvamba nechikwereti, kubetsera tsigiro, uye mari yeR&D.

Kusiyana - siyana kwenhamburiko dzenzvimbo yehurumende kunova nechokwadi chokuti kutanga kunogona kusarudza nzvimbo inowirirana neindasitiri yazvo yakananga, kugadzirwa kwezvinhu, uye kuwanika kwematalenta.

Matambudziko Nezvipingamupinyi

Pasinei nokufambira mberi, zvinhu zvipenyu nemhoteredzo yazvo zvokuIndia zvinosangana nematambudziko akawanda anodiwa kuti zvirambe zvichitarisirwa.

Kuwana Mari Yokushandisa Yakapera

Nepo mari yapashure pechikuva yakura zvikuru, dzimbahwe redeko resiteji (Sayenzi C nekure) rinoramba rakaganhurirwa kuenzaniswa neUS neChina. Mavambo mazhinji eIndia anowana "chitsama cherufu" apo anenge achida kukwira asi asingagoni kukwezva bhizimisi guru. Hurumende yeFondment of Funds inopa mashoko aya, asi mari yacho iduku pane zvepabopo nepo dzimbahwe rinotemedzerwa. Mukuwedzera, vatengi vedzimba (mari yemari yeinishuwarenziro, makambani einishuwarenzi) havawari zvikurukuru kubva mukushandisa mari yokutanga.

Kutarisira Kutarisira

Kunyange zvazvo kutanga Indiya kuvamba kuzviita vimbiso nokuda kwemitemo yakati, kutanga kuchine zvinodikanwa zvakaoma kuteererwa pasi peGST, mutero wemari inotambirwa, mutemo wekambani, uye mirau yemukanwa yemuchikamu (sezvinei, kuchengeteka kwezvokudya, kunyoresa kwakawanda). Kuchinja kwakawanda kwokunyoresa uye chinjo dzapamutemo dzinogara dziripo dzinoparira kuva pamusoro pezvidzoreso zvokutungamirira izvo zvinotsausa vakavamba mumibato yebhizimisi yapakati.

Kuperevedza Kwebasa Nemisiyano Yeunyanzvi

India inoita nhamba huru yavanopedza kufunda, asi vazhinji havana unyanzvi hunoshanda hunodikanwa mukuvamba kworuzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu. Sayenzi yeDzivisi, AI/ML, kutarisirwa kwezvigadzirwa, uye unyanzvi hwokushandisa kombiyuta zviri mukudikanwa kukuru uye zviri kupfupi.

Mabhotoro Anogara Achigadzirwa Mumaguta eTier - 2/3

Nepo hurumende ichisimudzira bhizimisi kupfuura metros, maguta akadai seLucknow, Indore, naJaipur achiri kutarisana namagetsi asina kuvimbika, nzvimbo dzakabatana dzakashata dzeInternet, uye nzvimbo dzakaganhurirwa dzokushanda. BharatNet chirongwa (muchina unoyera kumisha) uye kuwedzera kwe5G kunokarirwa kuvandudza ikoku, asi fambiro mberi inononoka.

Poza Zvinetso

Vavambi uye vatengi vemari vanoda mikana yokubuda nayo kuti ishandiswezve. Musika weIPO weIndia wavandudza (zvikurukuru, Zomato, Paytm, PolicyBazaar), asi misika yesese yezvikamu zvemunhu oga mitete, uye M&A ine mwero nemhaka yemari inokosheswa. Hurumende yakasuma "Setup IPO" shopu ine zvinodikanwa zvakaderera, asi yakaganhurirwa.

Chiono Chenguva Yemberi Nezvinorumbidzwa

Ichitarira mberi, hurumende yeIndia inokarirwa kuvandudza miitiro yayo yokutanga munzira dzinoverengeka:

  • Kubatanidzwa kwokuteerera: A "starpup" iyo inobatanidza GST, mutero wemari, uye kunyoresa kwenzvimbo yehurumende kungagona kuderedza kukamukana kwazvino. Chikarakadzo chinokarakadzwa "Unity Reform Action Plan" (BRAP) chinovavarira kuwirirana neauto ndokuderedza nguva inodzokoroka.
  • [ Mitoo yemari yakagadzirwa: Kukudza Nyuza yeZvondo kupfuvura 7610 000 uye kubvumira mari yomudyandigere yomumba kuisa mari mubhizimisi guru (jere, kupfurikidza ne "ruvimbiko rukuru rwenyika yose)) rungagona kuzarura dzimbahwe rapashure pechikuva.
  • Tsitsiro yechenjedzo neR&D yakadzika: Kuwedzera bhajeti nokuda kwemari yeR&D nekuita nzvimbo dzokuvaka (somuchadenga, biotech, uye madhigirii) kuchabetsera India kukwikwidzana mumitengo inoganhurana. [[FLT:] National Depal Deep Tech Progatection Policy[ zvinangwa zvokugovera tsigiro yakatsaurirwa yezvokugadzirwa kwemagetsi namavambo esayenzi.
  • Kubatanidza kwapasi pose: Purogiramu dzokutanga dzeBiteral, kudzikamiswa kwemitemo yevhiza nokuda kwavavambi vokumwe, uye kubatira pamwe nezvisakiso zvamarudzi ose (zvakadai seY Coneator and Tech Stars) zvinogona kubetsera kutanga kwemaIndia kusvika misika yenyika yose nedzimbahwe.
  • Kuongorora kwomuitiro weData: Kushandisa mashoko enguva chaiyo kubva kuHugurungwe reIndia namamwe manyuko kunogona kubetsera vagadziri vemiitiro kuziva mitsimba yebhotoro uye zvirongwa zvinoshanda. Nguva nenguva "kunzvera utano" paruwa napakati poruwa kugona kuvandudza mugove wezviwanikwa.

Kutanga kwemhoteredzo yeIndia chinhu chinokosha. Musengwa unopfuurira wehurumende — unoratidzirwa mukugoverwa kwemari, kugadziridzwa kwegadziriro, uye gadziriro dzegadziriro — unopa hwaro hwakasimba.

Nokuda kwavatangi vanofamba muiyi nzvimbo, zviwanikwa zvapamutemo zvakadai se Suptup India , vachiwana Atari Invation Mission[, uye kuramba vachiziviswa pamusoro pemitemo yenzvimbo inoramba iri madikanwa. Netsigiro yakarurama, vatengesi veIndia vakagadzirira kupedza zvinetso zvomunzvimbomo nezvomunyika yose, vachiparira ukoshi hwemari nedzenzanga husingagumi.