Sumo

Munyika yanhasi yakaoma uye yakabatana, masangano okutarisira ava zvishandiso zvinokosha zvokusimudzira kuonana uye tsika muhurumende, masangano, uye masangano asingabudiriri. Izvi hazvisi zvirongwa zvehurumende chete zvinovimbisa kuti munhu anofanira kuzvidavirira, adzore kusazvibata, uye kuti angaita kuti pave netsika yokuperera. Pasina utarisiri hunobudirira, masangano anozviisa pangozi yokupinda mungozi yokusaoneka, kuderera kwetsika, uye kusavimba navanhu. Nyaya ino inoongorora kuti unyanzvi hwokutarisira, nei huchikosha, uye kuti masangano anogona kuasimbisa nokuda kwenguva yemberi ine mavara akawanda uye ine tsika.

Kunzwisisa Michina Yokutarisira

Miitiro yokutarisira inonongedzera kumiitiro yakarongwa, zvivako, uye miitiro iyo inotarira, kuhwirudzura, uye kutungamirira zviito nezvisarudzo zvavanhu namasangano. Chinangwa chazvo chikuru ndechokuvimbisa kuwirirana nemitemo, mirau yetsika, uye mipimo yomukati. Iyi miitiro inogona kuiswa muzvimiro zvomukati nomukunze zvakafara, chimwe nechimwe chichibatira basa rakasiana asi rinowirirana.

Michina Yokutarisira

Kutarisira kwomukati kunovakirwa mugadziriro yokudzora yesangano. Mienzaniso inobatanidza madhipatimendi okunzvera omukati, matare etsika, vakuru vakuru vanowirirana, uye matare anotarisira eboka (zvakadai sematare anoongorora kana kuti njodzi). Mabasa aya anoshanda mukati mesangano asi akarongedzerwa kuchengeta kuzvimirira kwakakwana kuti aone mabasa nokushuma zvakawanwa kuvatarisiri vakuru kana kuti dare.

Michina Yokutarisira Yakasiyana - siyana

Utariri hwokunze hunobva kumasangano ari kunze kwesangano, akadai samasangano anoraira, vanonzvera vakazvimirira, mahofisi ezvokunzvera, makambani enhau, uye masangano enzanga. Masangano iwawa anogovera rutivi rwokunzvera kwokuwedzera, kazhinji kazhinji ane chiremera chokuisa zvirango, kuputsa kwapachena, kana kuti zviito zvokuraira. Kutarisira kwokunze kunotsoropodza nokuda kwezvikamu uko chivimbo chavose chiri chikuru, zvakadai semibato yemari, tarisiro yezveutano, uye hurumende.

Zvikamu Zvikuru Zvokutarisira Kunobudirira

Kuti mabasa okutarisira abudirire, anofanira kusanganisira zvinhu zvinoverengeka zvinoumba pfungwa huru:

  • jekesa mirairo - rondedzerwa ukuru hwechiremera nomutoro
  • Incimence - kusununguka papesvedzero isakafanira naavo vari kutarisirwa
  • Access kumashoko - mano okuhwirudzura zvinyorwa, vashandi vanobvunzurudza, uye kuita nzvero
  • masimba okufambisa[ - chiremera chokurumbidza kana kuti kushandisa matanho okururamisa
  • Traxation – zviwanwa zvoutariri zvinopiwa kuvatarisiri vapapi vemari

Kukosha Kwokuona Zvakanaka

Kuona chitarisiko muitiro wokugoverana pachena mashoko pamusoro pezviito zvesangano, zvisarudzo, uye basa. Chinoparira chivimbo musangano ripi neripi. Kana masangano achiratidza pachena, anoita kuti vashandi vapiwe mabasa (h_ats), vatengi, vatengi, vadzori, uye vanhu (*kunzwisisa kuti zvisarudzo zvinoitwa sei, kuti mitemo inoshandiswa sei, uye kana mipimo yetsika iri kutsigirwa.

Betsero Dzokuva Nomutsetse

  • [ Ruvimbiko rune vanhu vose [ - Vagari vemo navatengi vane bviro huru yokutsigira masangano anoshanda pachena.
  • [ zvinoparira kuvimbisana [ - masangano anooneka anokoka kugamuchirwa nokubatira pamwe, kuchitungamirira kumiuyo iri nani.
  • Inoderedza ngozi youshati - Chiedza chezuva chinouraya utachiona zvakanakisisa; kuoneka kunoita kuti zviome kuti mufambiro usina kururama urambe wakavigwa.
  • Kugadza kuita chisarudzo - Apo mashoko nemiitiro zvinovhurika, zvisarudzo zvinogona kurangarirwa ndokunatswa nenzira inobudirira zvikuru.
  • Kusimbisa kuzvidavirira[ - Kuona gcaruka kunopa mutoro nokuda kwezviito nemigumisiro, kuchikuita kuti kuve nyore zvikuru kuchengeta vanhu vamwe navamwe namasangano vachizvidavirira.

Kubatsira Kunoita Michina Kuti Ionekwe Zvakanaka

Kushanda kwekudzora injini inoita kuti munhu aone. Inoita kuti vanhu vabudise nokugadzira mikana yakarongwa kuti mashoko abude, odzokororwa, uye aishandiswe. Hedzino nzira huru dzinoita kuti kuoneka kwemaziso kuwedzere:

Kushuma Nokuisa Michero Nguva Dzose

Zvirongwa zvakawanda zvokutarisira zvinoda kushuma kwapanhambo nenhambo(kunyorwa kwemishumo yebasa, mishumo yebasa, uye mishumo yetsiye , kana kuti yemishumo. Iyi mishumo inowanzoitwa kuti iwanike kuvanhu kana kuti kuvatarisiri vakuru. Somuenzaniso, makambani akarongwa pachena anofanira kunyora mishumo yegore negore neSécurities and Exchange Commission (SEC) muUnited States, kuzivisa utano hwemari, ngozi, uye miitiro yehurumende. Zvipingamupinduro zvinowanzodikanwa kubudisa IRS Form 990s, kuratidzira mari yazvo, uye mibato yepurogiramu.

Kuwana Mashoko Pachena

Misangano yevamiririri seHofisi yeOmbudsman kana kuti vakuru vakuru vakuru vemashoko vehurumende vanoshandisa kodzero idzi. Munzvimbo dzinotarisirwa nevanhu, mitemo yokudzivirira vatengi ingada kuti makambani azivise zvinhu zvinogadzirwa, mapepa ezvokuzvidzivirira, kana kuti mabasa ebasa.

Kuongorora Nokuongorora Kwomunhu Woga

Vaongorori venyika nenzvero vanopa nzvero isina rusaruro yokuti sangano riri kutevera mitemo yaro yakataurwa nezvinodikanwa zvapamutemo. Kunzvera uku kunogona kuva kwemari, kushanda, kana kuti tsika muchisiko. Apo miuyo inobudiswa(kana kuti inogoverwa namabhodhi anotarisira) zvinoumba mufananidzo wakajeka woutano hwesangano neperero. Somuenzaniso, Office yeHurumende yeMaakaundirwo (GAO) munhau dzeUnited States inoshuma kuti inowanika pachena uye inowanzoshandiswa neDare kuti iite zvisarudzo zvemitemo.

Kudzivirirwa Kwemagwenya uye Mikoto

Kufamba kunowanzobatanidza mikoto inoshuma zvakavanzika nejeri nerokushandisa pamutemo, magirabhu etsika, kana kuti magetsi emitauro anoshandiswa nemagetsi anoshandiswa nemagetsi (anobvumira vashandi navamwe vapa dziviriro kuti vataure kusazvibata pasina kutya kutsiva). Kudzivirira kwewattleter inzira yokuratidza nayo yakakomba nemhaka yokuti ivo vanofukura nhau dzingashaikwa nedzomukati. Mitemo yakadai seDodd-Frank Act muU.S. inopa kurudziro dzemari nedziviriro dzapamutemo nokuda kwevapikiridzi vanoshuma kutyorwa.

Kusimudzira Mufambiro Wakaipa Nokutarisira

Kunyange zvazvo kuoneka kwesangano kuchiita kuti rione zvinhu sezvazviri, tsika dzinonyanya kutaura nezvezvakanaka nezvakaipa.

Kutanga Nhungamiro Dzakajeka

Kutungamirira gadziriro kunowanzoda masangano kugamuchira mabumbiro etsika, mitemo yetsika, uye rwisano dzinoda mitemo. Aya magwaro anogadza kariro dzomufambiro, kuita chisarudzo munharaunda dzamadoko, uye kugovera musiyano wokuyera mufambiro. Somuenzaniso, ECD’s Corporate Gomance Principles inokurudzira kuti mabhodhi achengetedze mipimo yetsika uye atarisire kushandiswa kwawo.

Kuongorora Kuwirirana Nemipimo Yetsika

Kuva nebumbiro retsika hakuna kukwana(kungofanana na). Mitumbi inoongorora inofanira kutevedzerwa nokuongorora nguva dzose, kuongorora kwengozi, uye kuongorora. Ingaitisawo marusando okurovedza kusimbisa kariro dzetsika. Mumasangano akawanda, mukuru mukuru wetsika kana kuti mukuru mukuru anobvumirana anoshuma zvakananga kudare rokuongorora dare kuti risimbise kuzvimirira nokuoneka.

Kukurudzira Tsika Yokuzvidavirira

Kuzvidavirira kunoreva kuti munhu mumwe nomumwe uye mapoka anokwanisa kuzvidavirira nokuda kwezviito zvake. Kudzora kunoparira kuzvidavirira kupfurikidza nokuronda zvisarudzo, kuyera miuyo, uye miuyo inorema nokuda kwokuputsa. Apo vashandi vanoona kuti kukanganisa kwetsika kune miuyo chaiyoiyo yazvino uno (zvingava kupfurikidza nechiito chokuranga, faindi, kana kuti kuziviswa pachena kwepachena) zvinosimbisa ukoshi hwokuvimbika. Nenzira yakapesana, apo tsika dzinozivikanwa uye dzinopiwa mubayiro, zvinosimbisa tsika dzesangano.

Basa Roruzivo Rwokuziva Nokugadzira Zvinhu Mukutarisira

Kutarisira kwazvino uno kunowedzera kutsamira pamashoko anopesana, uchenjeri hwokugadzira, uye maturusi emichina kuti zvione kuti ndezvipi zvinoratidzira kusazvibata. Somuenzaniso, masangano ezvemari anoshandisa gadziriro dzokuongorora kutengeserana kudzosa mari inobvira. Masangano ezvoutano anoshandisa purogiramu yemakombiyuta yokuongorora kuti aone kusafamba zvakanaka kwemari. Unyanzvi uhwu hunoita kuti kutarisira kurambe kuchipfuurira uye kuchidzika mifungo, asi hunomutsawo mibvunzo pamusoro pezvakavanzika nerevoro yemitemo (jeresarudzo) iyo inofanira kugadzirisa.

Kuongorora Kunoita Michina Inobudirira

Mienzaniso chaiyo yenyika inoratidza kuti nzira dzokutarisira nadzo dzinogona kuita kuti vanhu vaone zvinhu nenzira dzakasiyana - siyana uye kuti vaite tsika dzakasiyana - siyana.

Fundo Yechi1: Kutarisira Kwehurumende – Basa Ramahofisi Ane Utsinye

Munyika dzakawanda, ambudsman mukuru mukuru akazvimirira, ane mwero mukuru anonzvera zvichemo zvavagari vemo pamusoro pezviito zvokudzora kana kuti kukundikana. Mahofisi eOmbudsman anoshanda nekodzero, kazhinji kazhinji ane simba rokumanikidza ufakazi nokuita rumbidzo. MuSweden, tsika yave iripo kubvira muna 1809, uye yazova muenzaniso wamarudzi akawanda edemocracy. Ombudsman anoshuma kuti anozivikanwa zvakakurumbira, anojekesa miitiro yehurumende ingangoramba yakavanzika. Iyi gadziriro yave ichishanda zvikurukuru mukuita mufambiro wamapurisa, kunonozeka mumabasa avose, uye kusarura.

Fundo Yenhau 2: Dare Rokutonga – Matare Okuongorora uye Vamiriri Vemakambani

Makambani avose anodikanirwa nokuchinjana kwemasheya kufanana neNew York Stock Exchange (NYSE) kuva nematare okunzvera akazvimirira anoumbwa nemitezo yeboka. Matare aya anotarisira kushuma kwemari, udzori hwemitengo, uye kushanda kwevazivi vekunze. Mukuwedzera, vakuru vakuru vakuru vanobvumirana vanovimbisa kuti kambani yacho ichengete mitemo yakadai seFreign Cormony Practices Act (FCPA). Nyaya inozivikanwa zvikuru yebudiriro inzira iyo Johnson & basa raJohnson akabetsera nayo kufambisa nhevedzano yezvigadzirwa zvezvigadzirwa uye mishato yepamutemo kupfurikidza nokushandisa kutungamirira nokuoneka kwapasi.

Fundo Yenhau 3: Kuona Transparency Kusingabetseri – Kutarisira uye Mipimo Yokuzvidavirira

Muchikamu chisati chiri chamapurofiti, masangano akafanana ne CONHARY] Navigator anoyera ruwaro rwakavakirwa pautano hwemari, kuzvidavirira, uye kujeka. Idzo dzinoda purofiti kuti dzizivise miitiro yedare, rwisano-dikanwo, uye tsinhiro dzemari dzinoongororwa. Zvipingamupinduro zvisingawaniki pamusoro pemipiro inokwezva mipiro yakawanda navazvipiri. Iyi mitoo yokutarisira yokunze inosunda miuyo yakanakisisa kuti igamuchire miitiro muhurumende netsika, kunyange pasina mirairo yehurumende.

Zvinetso Zvokutarisira Zvinobudirira

Pasinei zvapo noukoshi hwawo, miitiro yokutarisira haisati iri isingapinduri.

Kushaikwa Kwepfuma Nokushandisa Mari

Mabasa okutarisira anoda vashandi vane unyanzvi, rovedzo, ruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, uye nguva. Masangano anotarisira akaiswa pasi papasi ($Madhipatimendi okunzvera kana kuti vadzori vokunze) kuti vaite hwirudzuro dzakarongeka. Somuenzaniso, masangano emitemo mizhinji yehurumende inoshanda nebhajeti duku, achiganhura simba rawo rokunzvera zvichemo kana kuti kunzvera mufambiro.

Kuramba Kunobva Mumasangano

Vakuru vakuru kana vashandi vanobatsirwa nemamiriro ezvinhu angaramba kutarisirwa. Vangavanza mashoko, kuongorora kusingachinjiki, kana kuti kukurudzira kuti vaderedze chiremera chemitumbi yevatariri. Uku kurwisa kwakakurumbira zvikuru mumasangano ane tsika dzisina kusimba kana kuti umo utungamiriri hunoisa migumisiro yenguva pfupi yorutsuta.

Kurovedza Vashandi Vanotarisira Zvishoma

Kana dzidzo ikaramba ichienderera mberi uye pasina kufambira mberi kwedzidzo kana kuti kufambira mberi kwedzidzo, mano avo okuona kuti unzenza kana kuti kuongorora ngozi dziri kuderera. Somuenzaniso, vaongorori vasina kudzidziswa kusachengeteka paIndaneti vangashaya mari yokushandisa mashoko musangano.

Kubatwa Kwoutungamiriri

Masangano anotarisira anobva kunze anogona kubatanidzwa namaindasitiri aanodzora(a chinoitika chinozivikanwa sokubata kwoudzori. Izvi kazhinji kazhinji zvinoitika apo vadzori vanova noukama hwapedyo navatungamiriri veindasitiri, kana kuti apo suo rinodzokororwa pakati pehurumende nenzvimbo iri yoga ringakanganisa miganhu. Vadzori vangabudisa zvirango zvisina simba kana kuti kufuratira kuputsa, zvichiita kuti kutarisira kushande.

Mashoko Ane Nyore uye Akaoma Kunzwisisa

Mitumbi inotarisirwa inowanzotarisana nemubatanidzwa wemashoko: masangano ainotarisira ane zivo yakawanda zvikuru yemabasa ayo amene. Zvigadzirwa zvakaoma kunzwisisa zvemari, zvisungo zvakaoma kunzwisisa, uye mabasa enyika yose zvinoita kuti kuve kwakaoma kuvatariri kunzwisisa zvizere chiri kuitika. Iyi denho inowedzerwa apo masangano anoshandisa zvivako zvakavanzika zvamaune, zvakadai samakambani eshekeri, kuvanza mufambiro usina kururama.

Nhungamiro Dzomunguva Yemberi Dzokushandisa Michina

Kuti akurire idzi denho uye kuti dzivandudze kubudirira, masangano nehurumende zvinofanira kutanga kugadziridza ndokuchinja utariri hwazvo. Nhungamiro huru dzomunguva yemberi dzinobatanidza:

Kushandisa Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Kuti Ruve Nenjere

Kuongorora zvinopesana, kudzidza michina, uye kuongorora nguva chaiyo zvinogona kubatsira matunhu kuronga mashoko akawanda nokukurumidza. Somuenzaniso, mapoka anoongorora anogona kushandisa mabhodhi okuongorora anoramba achiongororwa asingadiwi kana kuti anoputsa mitemo sezvaanoita. Kugadzirwa kwemichina yeRegtech kungaongorora nokuderedza zvikanganiso zvemaoko. Zvisinei, ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runofanira kubatanidzwa nechisarudzo chavanhu uye dziviriro dzetsika kuti vasakanganiswa kana kuti kusasarura.

Kukurudzira Tsika Yokuona Zvakanaka uye Tsika

Kutarisira mabasa kunofanira kusimbisa kuti kuvimbika kunokosha usingachinjiki. Masangano akadai seGoogle naUnilever akaisa mu “kutaura” tsika umo vashandi vanonzwa vakachengeteka, vachideredza kutarisirwa kwemari.

Vatarisiri Vanopindira Mubasa Rokutarisira

Kudzora hakusi mutoro wavanzveri vomukati bedzi kana kuti vadzori.(kubatanidza vatengi, vabetseri, vashandi, uye mitezo yenzanga) kungaita basa mukuda kuti kuoneka kuitwe uye kuita kuti masangano azvidavirire. Somuenzaniso, kubatanidzwa kwevatambi kwakasunda makambani kuzivisa mhoteredzo, nzanga, uye zviremera (EG) mitauro. Bommource commend presed, apo vagari vanoshuma kupunzi kuputswa kupfurikidza netunhuru kana kuti makombiyuta, ndiimwe nzira inowedzera.

Kusimbisa Mipimo Yenyika Yose uye Kushandira Pamwe

Munyika inowedzera kuva yakapararira, zvinetso zvakawanda zvetsika nokuona zviri kupfuura miganhu. Masangano enyika yose akadai seOECD, World Bank, uye United Nations ari kushanda kutanga mipimo youtariri yavose. Somuenzaniso, United Nations Convention yokurwisana noUori (UNCAC) inogovera gadziriro yokuti nyika dzishandise mibato yokutarisira chiokomuhomwe, maazzle, uye mari. Kushandira pamwe kwamarudzi ose kwakanakisisa, maSayenzi, mabhii, uye kubatsirana nepamutemo kunenge kuchidzivisa kutarisira zvino zvino zvinobudirira muupfumi husingavi nomuganhu.

Kuvakazve Mavambo Akanaka

Kushanda kwoutariri kunofanira kugadzirirwa kuchinjira kumigariro inochinja - chinja(zvingava kubva kuvhiringidzwa kwemichina, njodzi dzemari, kana kuti kudzorwa kwemitemo. Kurongwa kwetsananguro, kuedzwa kwedzvinyiriro, uye kuhwirudzurwa kwenhambo nenhambo kwokushanda kwoutariri zvinogona kuita kuti aya masangano arambe achishanda. Somuenzaniso, denda reCOVID-19 rakazivisa kuti uori hunogona kubuda nokukurumidza sei mukuwana kwekurumidziro; nyika dzaiva negadziriro dzakasimba dzetarisiro munzvimbo dzakava dzinokwanisa zviri nani kuziva nokudzivisa kubiridzira mumishonga nebvumirano.

mhedziso

Kushanda kwoutarisiro hakusi kwokuwedzera kusingadzivisiki. Masangano anoisa mari mukuoneka kwakananga, uye kutarisirwa kwetsika. Nokuronga kurongwa, kuchengetedzwa, uye kuzvidavirira, anobetsera kudzivisa kusazvibata, kuvaka chivimbo, uye kuvandudza basa. Zvisinei, utariri hahuna kumira pakare; anofanira kushanduka kuti agonane nezvinetso zvitsva uye kuisa midziyo mitsva. Masangano anoisa mari mumitengo, yokuzvimirira, uye kutungamirira kwetsika kunokosha zvirokwazvo, uye haagoni kuzvidavirira, uye haachavi nehanya.