Table of Contents

Kutsigira Kwaunoita Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo Nokutsigira Kunoita Boka

Kutaurirana uye kutaurirana kwehurumende yeruzhinji zvinhu zvinokosha zvinoumba hurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu. Zvinogonesa vagari vemo kupesvedzera mitemo uye kutsigira kodzero dzevanhu. Kuita mabasa aya kunobatsira kuti zviito zvehurumende zviratidze kuda kwevanhu uye zvidzivirire rusununguko. Munhoroondo yose yeAmerica, kurwira kodzero dzokuvhota kwakabatana nokurwira kodzero dzevanhu kwakakura, zvichiratidza kuti kubatanidzwa mune zvematongerwe enyika haisi ropafadzo asi chishandiso chinokosha chokuwana kuenzana uye kururamisira.

Kurwira Kupiwa Kwekodzero MuAmerica

United States yakavamba kuedza kwayo kukuru kwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu mukupera kwama 1700 kupfurikidza nokupa maruramiro okuvhota kurutivi rwakaganhurirwa rwenzanga — vachenjeri varidzi vapasi. Uku kuganhurirwa kwakabvisa vazhinjisa veAmerica, kubatanidza vakadzi veAfrica, MaIndia okuAmerica, uye avo vasina nzvimbo. Kukura kwamaruramiro okuvhota kwamazana amakore kwave kuri muitiro wapashoma napashoma uye kazhinji kazhinji kazhinji unoratidzirwa nezvose zviri zviviri rukundo rwemitemo nokudzivisa kunopfuurira.

Pashure Pehondo Kugadzikiswa Nokugadziridzwa

Pashure peHondo yevagari vemo, chinjo huru dzebumbiro remitemo dzakanangidzirwa kukudza maruramiro okuvhota kuvanhu vaichimbova varanda.Congress yakapa Hurumende ye15, ichipa varume veAfrica maruramiro okuvhota. Mukati mokushongedzazve, mauto ehurumende anobetsera kudzivirira idzi maruramiro matsva akapiwa, uye kunatsiridza kusvika kukuvhota pakati pavarume veAfrica veAmerica kwakaitika mukati mokugadziriswazve. Iyi nhambo yakava nokutora rutivi kusati kwamboitika pakati pavatema veAmerica muSouth, navazhinji kunzvimbo dzomunzvimbomo, hurumende, uye mahofisi ehurumende.

Zvisinei, iyi fambiro mberi yakagara kwenguva pfupi. Mitemo yeMitemo ye 144 ne15th yakava netapuro shoma inoshanda apo kugadziridzwazve kwakaitika. Pashure pokunge sarudzo yapurezidhendi ya 1876 yaratidzira mugumo weReconstruction, nyika dzokumaodzanyemba dzakavamba kushandisa mhinganidzo dzakarongwa kudzivisa vaAmerica veAfrica kushandisa maruramiro avo okuvhota.

Nguva Yokusagadzikana naJim Crow

Apo kugadziridza kwakapera muna 1877, inotaura kuti mhiri kwemitemo mitsva yakatemwa muSouth kuti iganhurire maruramiro okuvhota evaAmerica veAfrica.idzodzi dzakabatanidza zvinodikanwa zviduku zvikuru zvokuva nezvinhu, kubhadhara mitero yokuvhota, uye bvunzo dzokunyora nokunyora kana kuti dzehurumende.

Louisiana yakapasa "zvitsama zvavanasekuru" kuti vachengetedze vaichimbova varanda navana vavo pakuvhota. Somuuyo, vavhoti vatema vakanyoreswa vakadonha kubva pa 44.8% muna 1896 kusvikira ku 4,0% makore mana gare gare. Dzimwe nyika dzokumaodzanyemba dzakatevera nokukurumidza muenzaniso waLouisiana, dzichitanga gadziriro yakakwana yokudzvinyirira vavhoti yaizopfuurira kwamakumi amakore.

Kupfuura mhinganidzo dzapamutemo, vaAmerica vazhinji veAfrica vakaedza kuvhota vakatyisidzirwawo munyama kana kuti kutya kurasikirwa namabasa avo. vaAmerica vomuAfrica muSouth vakatarisana nemhinganidzo huru dzokuvhota, kubatanidza mitero yokuvhota, kunzverwa kwokurava nokunyora, uye mimwe ganhuriro yehurumende yokuvanyima kodzero yokuvhota. Vakaisawo njodzi yokunetswa, tyisidziro, matsivero ezvemari, uye masimba masimba omuviri apo vakaedza kunyoresa kana kuti kuvhota.

Boka Rekodzero Dzevagari Vemo Nokupa Kodzero

Imwe yenharidzano huru dzeCivil Rights Movement yakanga iri yokunyoresa vavhoti muSouth kuti vagari veAmerica veAfrica vawane simba rezvamatongerwe enyika.

Kuedza Kunyoresa Kwemarasnots

Vazhinjisa vebvunzurudzo muCivil Rights History Project vakabatanidzwa mumotokari dzokunyoresa dzinovhota, kupinza vavhoti kuvhota, kudzidzisa makirasi okunyora nokunyora nokuda kwezvinangwa zvokunyoresa muvhoti, kana kuti kukurudzira vaAmerica vomunzvimbomo kuti vadzorere. idzi nhamburiko dzouswa dzakanga dziri dzine ngozi. Vashandi veActivhoti vaitarisana nokutsiva kwakakomba nokuda kwenhamburiko dzavo dzokubetsera vagari vemo veBlack kuvhota.

Nyaya dzomunhu oga dzaavo vakarwira maruramiro okuvhota dzinoratidzira ushingi hunodikanwa mukati menhambo ino. Mumwe mushingairiri akayeuka kudzingwa munzvimbo yake yokudzidzisa muHolmes County, Mississippi, nemhaka yokuti akanga achidzidzisa mapoka okunyoresa, uye aisagona kuwana rimwe basa munyika. Mississippi State Communist Commission yaizotumira mazita avatsigiri kuvakuru vakuru vose vedzidzo. Commission yakanzvera vatsigiriri munyika yose, ichishandisa mubatanidzwa wavatsigiri, magariro ezvereji, uye tyisidziro dzemari.

Pasinei nengozi idzi, kunyoresa kwevavhoti kwakaitawo kuti nzanga dzeAfrica dzeAmerica dzishande pamwe chete kuti dziite zvinhu zvakajairika.

Selma Kunokwira kuMontgomery March uye Kumuka Kwenyika

Pakarwiwa kodzero dzokuvhota muna 1965, vanhu vaiita chiito chine rugare murwendo rwokuMontgomery rwokuvhota vakasvitswa nemauto ehurumende yeAlabama akaarwisa netutanda twousiku, magasi anobudisa misodzi uye mabhambo pashure pokunge varamba kudzoka. vamwe vapanduki vakarohwa zvakakomba ndokudururwa ropa, uye vamwe vakamhanya nokuda kwoupenyu hwavo.

Chiitiko ichi, chakazozivikanwa se "Zuva," chakakatyamadza nyika netsigiro yakanyandurwa nokuda kwemitemo yekodzero dzehurumende yokuvhota. Zvakaitika paEdmund Pettus Bridge on Bloody Sunday zvakarova painenge nyika yacho, zvichifumura mitsetse yemhosva yerudzi yaizvizivisa kuva hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu nepo zvichibvumira vagari vayo kurohwa nokuteurwa neropa namapurisa uye varwi nokuda kwokuraira kodzero yavo yokuvhota.

Mutongo Wekodzero Dzevanhu wa1965: Chiitwa Chinoratidzwa Nechinzvimbo

Mazuva masere chete pashure pokunge Martin Luther King, Jr. atungamirira rwendo rwekodzero dzevanhu muSelma, Alabama, Purezidhendi Lyndon B. Johnson akazivisa chinangwa chake chokupfuudza Couting Rights Act yehurumende kuti ave nechokwadi chokuti hapana hurumende, hurumende, kana hurumende yomunharaunda yaigona kudzivisa vanhu kuvhota nemhaka yedzinza ravo kana kuti dzinza.

Voting Rights Act yakasainwa mumutemo musi waAugust 6, 1965, naPurezidhendi Lyndon Johnson. Yakarambidza miitiro yokuvhota inodzorwa noutsotsi yakagamuchirwa munyika dzakawanda dzokumaodzanyemba pashure peHondo yevagari vemo, kubatanidza kuedza kunyora nokunyora sechinodikanwa kuvhota. Chibvumirano cheVoting Rights Act chinorangarirwa kuva chimwe chezvikamu zvechikamu zvinorebesa zvikurusa zvemitemo yekodzero dzavagari vemo munhau yeU.S.

Gadziriro Huru Dzomurayiro Wokupa Kodzero

Chiito chacho chakarambidza kushandiswa kwemiedzo yokunyoresa vavhoti munharaunda umo vasingasviki 50 muzana vevagari vemo vasiri vachena vakanga vanyoresa kuvhota, uye chakabvumira gweta guru reUnited States kuongorora kushandiswa kwemitero yokuvhota munyika uye vhoti yomunzvimbomo.

Chimwe chezvishandiso zvinobudirira zvikurusa mumutemo wacho chakanga chiri chinodikanwa chapamberi pekurongwa kwekodzero. Voting Rights Act yakabatanidza gadziriro dzaida nyika nehurumende dzomunzvimbomo nomutoo wenhau wokudzvinyirira kodzero dzokuvhota dzakavakirwa padzinza kuti dzipe chinjo mumitemo yadzo yeSarudzo kuU.S. nokuda kwetendero. Mumakumi amakore akatevera, gadziriro dzapamberi pezvirongwa dzakabvumikisa mutoo unoshanda wokuodza mwoyo hurumende nevakuru vakuru vakuru vomunzvimbomo pakumisa mhinganidzo itsva dzokuvhota, kumisa mitemo yokuvhota, uye kugovera nzanga nekodzero dzavanhu neziviso dzakakarakadzwa pachine nguva mberi dzechinjo dzingadzvinyirira kuvhota.

Tapuro Yapakarepo Pakunyoresa Nokuchinja

Pakazopera 1965, vavhoti vatsva vechitema 250 000 vakanyoreswa, chikamu chimwe muzvitatu chavo chakaongororwa nehurumende.

Voting Rights Act yakapa vavhoti veAfrica America mutoo wapamutemo wokudenha ganhuriro dzokuvhota uye muvhoti akavandudzwa zvikuru. muMississippi moga, muvhoti pakati pavanhu vechiBlack akawedzera kubva pa 6 muzana muna 1964 kusvikira ku 59 muzana muna 1969. Wedzero iyi inoshamisa mukutora rutivi kwezvamatongerwe enyika yakaratidzira chinjo huru mumugariro wehurumende wehurumende yeSouth.

Mumakore akatevera kupfuvura kweProving Rights Act, kusiyana kwemwero yokunyoresa pakati pavavhoti vechichena navatema kwakarega kubva pa30 muzana mukuvamba kwama 1960 kusvika ku8 muzana makore gumi chete gare gare. Mukaha wakaganhurirwa uyu wakaratidzira kuti apo miganhu yapamutemo yakabviswa uye dziviriro dzehurumende dzakanga dziri munzvimbo, vagari veAfrica vakashandisa maruramiro avo nokudisa kuvhota.

Migumisiro Yezvamatongerwe Enyika Nenzanga Yakare

Iyi dziviriro yave iri nhoo inobudirira zvikuru pakudzivisa zvirongwa zvinoganhurira kana kuti kuderedza simba rokuvhota renzanga nenhau yokuderedzwa. yave ichibetsera zvikuru mumiitiro yakafanana nokuchinja, uko kwakatungamirira kukusarudzwa kwamazana ehurumende, hurumende, uye vatendi vomunzvimbomo veruvara munyika dzine nhau yorusaruro.

Kutora rutivi kwakawedzerwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika kwakagoneswa neVoting Rights Act kwakava nemiuyo yakakomba munzanga yose. Bviro dzezana ramakore rechigumi nepfumbamwe dzevhoti dzakava netapuro huru dzezvamatongerwe enyika nedzemari. Muitiro wokuparadza kuderera kwokutora rutivi kwezvamatongerwe enyika nesimba zveBlack. Kupfurikidza nokudzosa uku kusabvumirana, Voting Rights Act yakabetsera kudzorera inzwi rezvamatongerwe enyika kunzanga dzakanga dzave dzabviswa nomutoo wakarongeka mumuitiro wehurumende yedemokrase.

Zvinetso Zvinovapo Munguva Ino Yokupa Kodzero

Pasinei nokubudirira kunokosha kweVoing Rights Act, kurwisa kudzivirira kodzero dzokuvhota kunopfuurira.

Chisarudzo Cheruwa cheShelby Nechinozoitika

Chipingamupinyi chikuru pakudzivirira kodzero dzokuvhota chakauya muna 2013. Mhaka ya2013 Shelby County v.

Chisarudzo cheDare Repamusorosoro cha2013 chakaita kuti mubatanidzwa uome kuvhota, zvichiita kuti pave nemitemo yairambidza kuvhota.

Kutsvakurudza kwakaitwa muBrennan Center kwakaratidza kuti musiyano wedzinza muvhoti wakawedzera munzvimbo dzaimbova dzakafukidzwa neChikamu 5. Mukaha uyu wakawedzera unoratidza kuti kudzivirira kwakapiwa nesumo yakatanga kuoneka zvechokwadi kwakanga kuri madikanwa uye kuchibudirira.

Mazano Okudzvinyirira Emagetsi Azvino Uno

Mukuwirirana nemubatanidzwa weEprotom Eprostation Protection, 23 wezvematongerwo enyika akaparira mhinganidzo itsva dzokuvhota mumakore gumi pamberi pesarudzo ya2018.Idzi mhinganidzo dzinotora zvimiro zvakasiyana - siyana, kubva pazvinodikanwa zvechibvumirano zvechibvumirano chezvibvumirano zvepamutemo kusvikira kukuvadziko dzokuvhota dzapakuvamba kuvhota nzvimbo.

Kuderedza, chinjo dzenzvimbo dzokuvhota nokuvharwa, kusvika kwakaganhurirwa kwokuvhota kwapakuvamba kuedza kwazvino uno kwokuzvidza vavhoti vechiBlack. Iyi nzira yazvino uno ingava yamano zvikuru kupfuura mitero yokuvhota nokuedza kurava nokunyora zvenguva yakapfuura, asi inogona kuva inobudirira zvakaenzana mukudzvinyirira muvhoti, zvikurukuru pakati penzanga shomanene, vavhoti vakaderera, uye vanhu vaduku.

Pasina chinodikanwa chapamberi pezvi, mapoka amaruramiro avagari vemo akada kuvimba zvikuru neparamende muChikamu 2 kuti arwise rusaruro mutsika yezvamatongerwe enyika, asi kukwidza mhaka kwokubvisa iyi mitemo isina kururama kunodhura uye kunotora makore ose ari maviri — mukati macho kusarudza kunopfuurira. Uku kuita chiito hakubetseri zvikuru kupfuura dziviriro inopfuurira iyo yakagoverwa pamberi pokurongwa.

Kukosha Kwokupa Mupiro Mukudzivirira Kodzero Dzevagari Vemo

Apo vagari vemo vanoshandisa kodzero yavo yokuvhota, vanowana simba rokupesvedzera mitemo, vamiriri vakasarudzwa vanogoverana mipimo yavo, uye vanoita kuti hurumende izvidane.

Kumirira uye Kubuda Kwomuitiro

Kuiswa pasi muhurumende kunogona kutungamirira kuitiro hanya dzevoruzhinji vashoma, mari shoma, uye vagari vemo vaduku vanofuratirwa. Uyewo, nhau dzemapoka okuvhota kwakakwirira dzinokurukurwa kazhinji kazhinji, kuchiparira zvikwereti zvakawanda kupfuudzwa kupedza zvinetso izvi. Ikoku kunoratidzira chikonzero nei kutora rutivi kwakafara kuchikosha nokuda kwokuva nechokwadi chokuti mitemo yehurumende inoratidzira zvinodikanwa zvenzanga dzose, kwete bedzi avo vanosarudza nenzira inowirirana zvikurusa.

Vagari vemo vakabatanidzwa vamene nokurovedzana nenhau dzinokosha zvikurusa dzinotarisana nenyika uye negadziriro dzavanoda kupiwa nokuda kwenhau idzodzo. Ipapo vanovhota nokuda kwavada kufunda vanodavira kuti vachakodzera zvakanakisisa kubasa racho, uye vangakumbanira vamwe kusimudzira mari kana kuti nhimbe nokuda kwaavo vanotsigira. Vanozivisa vamiririri vavo kuti vanonzwa sei pamusoro penhau dzinokosha. Kupfurikidza neiyi nhamburiko navamwe, vachikarakadza vagari vemo vavo kuita kuti vazivise izvo ivo vanoda uye nokudaro pesvedzero. Ipapo bedzi ndipapo vanogona kuratidzira nenzira yakarurama zviito zvehurumende neitiro dzevoruzhinji.

Kuzvirumbidza Sechishandiso Chokuchinja Munzanga

Munhau yose yeAmerica, maruramiro okuvhota akawedzerwa ave ari zvisakiso zvefambiro mberi huru yenzanga. Apo mapoka akaiswa kunze anotanga kukwanisa kuwana chivhoti, anogona kutsigira mitemo inonangidzira rusaruro, kusaenzana, uye kusaruramisira. Mutemo wekodzero dzavagari vemo wema1960, kubatanidza kwete bedzi Voting Rights Act asiwo Civil Rights Act ya19464, wakaitwa kuti uve unobvira murutivi kupfurikidza nokutora rutivi kwakawedzerwa kwezvamatongerwe enyika nedzvinyiriro kubva kuAfrican American Revocioct nesonganity.

Kunyange zvazvo vanhu vangasawana zvose zvavanoda, vanogona kuita zvakawanda vovandudza upenyu hwavo nokuvimbisana kubatanidzwa muhurumende, hurumende haigoni kushanda pasina kutora rutivi kwechiito ichi nevagari vemo.

Kupa simba vanhu kuti vagadzirise nyaya dzinonyatsochinja upenyu hwavo, kubva padzidzo uye kurapa kusvika pakuchinja kwemitemo uye mukana wemari.

Kubatanidzwa Kusingasviki Mubhokisi Romutambo

Kuvhota kunosanganisira kuvimbisana kana kuti kubatanidzwa kweboka ripi neripi rinenge richikurukura nyaya dzinoitirwa voruzhinji.Kuvimbisana kunosanganisira nzanga dzinoshanda pamwe chete kana kuti vanhu vanoshanda vari voga muzviito zvose zvematongerwe enyika nezvisiri zvematongerwe enyika kuti vadzivirire vanhu kana kuti kuchinja magariro evanhu.

Marudzi Okugoverana

Kuvimbisana kwechibvumirano chebic kunogona kuva nezvimiro zvakawanda — kubva mukuva vazvipiri vomunhu oga, nhamburiko dzenzanga, kubatanidzwa musangano, uye kutora rutivi muvhoti.

Marudzi akasiyana - siyana okuvimbisana munzanga anobatira zvinangwa zvinobatira pamwe mukusimbisa hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu uye kudzivirira maruramiro avagari vemo:

  • [[[FMT:0] Kuronga: kuunganidza vanhu kuti vazive zvinovanetsa zvakafanana ndokukudziridza gadziriro dzeboka dzokuvataura navo
  • Nhimbe dzokuva mumaoko: Kushanda kupesvedzera muitiro wavanhu nokusimudzira kuziva pamusoro penhau dzakati dzinotapura maruramiro avagari vemo
  • [ Kupa nguva nounyanzvi kumasangano anobatira nzanga uye kugovera zvinodikanwa zvenzanga
  • [ Zvikamu nokurangarira: Kutora rutivi mukurukurirano pamusoro penhau dzenzanga nezvisarudzo zvemiitiro
  • Kuonana navakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa: Kukurukurirana navamiriri pamusoro pemitemo nemitemo
  • Pakupinda misangano yavose: Kubatanidzwa nehurumende yomunzvimbomo nokugara uchiziva pamusoro pezvisarudzo zvinotapura nzanga

Simba Rechiito Chokuunganidza

Kukumbanira masangano okuzvidira kunokurudzira kubatana uye kupa simba vagari vemo kupfurikidza nokusawirirana kwemanzwi. Mitezo yenzanga inobudirira zvikurusa mukupedza zvinetso uye kuita kuti masangano azvidavirire apo anoshanda pamwe chete. Iyi nheyo yakaratidzirwa yaratidzirwazve munhau yose yamasangano ekodzero dzavagari vemo, kubva kuMontgomery Bus Boycott kusvikira kumasangano azvino uno eruramisiro yedzinza kuWashington.

Kupfurikidza nokuvimbisana kwevagari vemo kunobatanidza, mativi mazhinji enzanga − hurumende, bhizimisi, vagari, masangano asingapinduri mhindu, masangano akavakirwa pakutenda uye vamwe(w) anogona kushanda pamwe chete kukurukura zvinodikanwa nezvishuvo zvavose. Kungave kufambira mberi kwezvemari, chengeteko, utano, kunaka kwemhoteredzo kana kuti dzimwe nhau, utungamiriri hwenzanga nesonganiro dzenzanga zvinogona kutungamirira kumhinduro dzinogara kwenguva refu idzo dzinomirira zvakanakisisa mipimo nezvishuvo zvenzanga imwe neimwe.

Kuvaka Dzidzo Dzemubatanidzwa

Dzimwe nzanga dzine tsika yakasimba yokuvimbisana uko vagari, masangano, hurumende uye vamwe vanoziva uye vanokoshesa kuvimbisana nokusasarudza nzanga. Muidzi nzanga, tinoona zvinetso zvishomanene zvisingadzoreki uye kunaka kwoupenyu. Nzanga dzine nzanga dzine nzvimbo yavose yokurondedzera, yakananga uye inoshandisa mabasa avose neasingawirirani, dzinoratidzira rudado rukuru rwehurumende uye mutoro wehurumende wakasimba zvikuru.

Kuita iyi tsika yokuvimbisana kunoda nhamburiko yamaune uye kuzvipira kunotsigirwa. Democracy inotsamira pakutora rutivi kwavagari vemo. Apo vagari vemo vanobatanidzwa, vanogona kutaurirana, vanogona kuisa mukutsvaka mhinduro, uye kushandisa hurukuro yakabudirira kupedza nhau dzakatarisana nenzanga dzavo. Ikoku kunosimbisa hurumende yedu inosarudzwa navanhu kupfurikidza nokupa vanhu chirevo muzvinoitika munzanga dzavo.

Basa Rokubatanidzwa Kwepwere

Kubatanidza vanhu vaduku muupenyu hwomunzanga kunokosha nokuda kwoutano hwenguva refu hwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu nedziviriro inopfuuridzirwa yekodzero dzavagari vemo. Chimwe chikonzero chokunangidzira ngwariro pabvumirano yehurumende yavagari vemo ndechokuti kutora rutivi kwakadaro muitiro wakafanana nomumwe upi noupi: kutanga nokukurumidza kunogona kuumba tsika yebvumirano yenzanga iyo ichagara kwoupenyu hwose. Apo vanhu vaduku vose vanova netsika dzakanaka dzenzanga, unyanzvi nokuzvipira, hurumende yedu ichabudirira.

Chikonzero Nei Upwere Huchitora Rutivi Zvinhu

Apo vanhu vaduku vanovhota ndokutora rutivi muupenyu hwomunharaunda, vanogona kuunza mifungo inokosha kuidzi nhau ndokuita basa rinoshingaira mukuumba nguva yavo yemberi.

Upwere hunokosha kunzanga dzavo dzomunzvimbomo: vanobetsera kuumba tsika dzahwo uye vane batano huru dzenzanga. Sezvo vanhu vaduku vanowana zvakananga zvinetso zvenzanga, kazhinji kazhinji vari panzvimbo dzapamberi dzezviito uye dzimwe nhamburiko dzokubetsera kukurukura nazvo. Nzanga dzine simba zvikuru uye dzinosimba zvikuru apo pwere dzinotora rutivi; kunzvera kwakawana kuti mwero yakakwirira yebvumirano yavagari vemo inogona kubetsera nzanga kukurira kuderera kwomugariro wemari uye kutungamirira kumwero yakaderera yourovha.

Kupedza Zvipingamupinyi Kuchibvumirano Chepwere

Kune mikana inonetsa uye kusawirirana kwemikana yakasiyana - siyana ($/B) nedzinza, chirume, dzidzo, mamiriro ezvemari, nezvimwe zvinhu zvakawanda (zvinodzivisa vanhu nenzanga kusabudirira). Manyuko okusaenzana uku ari kuratidzirwa munzanga uye upenyu hwezvamatongerwe enyika somugumisiro wokuzvidzora kana kuti dzvinyiriro, zvikurukuru pakati pevasina kubatana, vatami, uye kana kuti vakaderera mumishana inowana mari yakawanda navanhu vamwe navamwe. Kazhinji kazhinji manzwi avo haazivikanwi, zvinetso zvavo zvinova zvisina kuzvidavirira, uye rutivi rwakaipa rwokusaruramisira. Izvi zvigaro zvinotova zvipfuro zvinova zvakadzika midzi zvikuru nenguva; nokudaro, kunanga pabvumirano zvepwere nenzanga ibasa rinotambudza mubasa rokusimudzira nzanga itsva uye nzanga inodzokorokorokorokorodza.

Masangano edzidzo anoita basa rinokosha mukusimudzira kuvimbisana kwevagari vemo pakati pavanhu vaduku. Zvirongwa zvokudzidzira basa zvakabvumikisa kuva zvinobudirira mukukurudzira kuvimbisana kwavadzidzi vemo kwapashure muupenyu. Somuenzaniso, Generation Citizen inogovera vadzidzisi vepachikoro chapakati nevesekondari nezvidzidzo, rovedzo, uye tsigiro nokuda kwekosi yehurumende refu iyo inopinza rutivi rwehurumende mukirasi kupfurikidza nezviito zvakadai sokukurukura navaiti vemitemo uye kuendesa zvikumbiro.

Zvirongwa Zvokuwedzera Kubatanidzwa

Kuvaka kuvimbisana zvikuru kunoda unyanzvi hwemaune hunobatsira pakugadzirisa zvipingamupinyi zvokubatanidzwa uye hunoita kuti pave nemikana ine chinangwa yokubatanidzwa.

Zviito Zvomunhu Mumwe Nomumwe

Vagari vemo vanogona kuita matanho akawanda kuti vatongwe uye vatsigire kodzero dzevanhu:

  • Anonyoresa ndokutora musarudzo dzose: Ikoku kunobatanidza kwete bedzi sarudzo yapurezidhendi asiwo nyika, nzvimbo, uye sarudzo huru, idzo kazhinji kazhinji dzine tapuro yakananga zvikurusa paupenyu hwezuva nezuva
  • Ramba uchiziva pamusoro penhau dzazvino: Verenga mashoko kubva kumanyuko akavimbika, ongorora mashoko, uye tanga kunzwisisa kuti miitiro inotapura sei nzanga dzakasiana - siana
  • Misangano yenzanga yakareruka nenzvimbo dzavose: misangano yehurumende yomunzvimbomo, horo dzetaundi, uye kurukurirano dzenzanga zvinogovera mikana yokudzidza pamusoro penhau neitiro hanya dzenzwi
  • Kubvisa masangano ezveumbavha: Mapoka akanangidzira ngwariro pakodzero dzevagari vemo, kodzero dzokuvhota, uye ruramisiro yenzanga inogovera mikana yakarongeka nokuda kwechiito cheboka
  • [ Chinoparira kuti uve nehanya: Kupa nguva nounyanzvi kumasangano enzanga kunobetsera kutarisira zvinodikanwa zvenzanga uye kuvakwa kwebatano
  • Mubatanidzwa wavamiriri vakasarudzwa: kurukurirano yenguva dzose navakuru vakuru pamusoro penhau dzinokosha dzinobetsera kuva nechokwadi chokuti vanonzwisisa zvinhu zvinokosha zvokutanga
  • nyoresa muvhoti uye nhamburiko dzedzidzo: betsera vamwe kunyoresa kuvhota ndokunzwisisa mutoo wokuvhota
  • [ Kurukurirano inoremekedzeka: Kurukurai nhau dzomunharaunda neshamwari, mhuri, uye mitezo yenzanga kuti muvake kunzwisisa nokuwana mativi anowirirana
  • Shandisai zvinobudisa nhau zvenzanga nenzira yakanaka: Kugoverana mashoko akarurama, kukudza manzwi anokosha, uye pinda mukurukurirano dzinovaka paIndaneti
  • Vanhu vaduku: Kubetsera chizvarwa chinotevera kukudziridza zivo yehurumende nounyanzvi hwokuvimbisana

Kusvika Kwegadziriro Negadziriro

Kuita tsika yokuvimbisana kwehurumende kunoda kuchinja kwegadziriro uye kutsigirwa nesangano:

Dzidzo yeBHAYIBHI: A mushumo unoitwa neNational Task Force on Civic Learning and Democratic Treament unotaura kuti dzidzo yakakwirira inofanira kubatira somureversi wedzidzo yedzidzo yemagariro avanhu uye mubiyake munzanga mukufambira mberi kwedzidzo yehurumende nebvumirano yedemocracy. Mushumo unorumbidza nhano nhanhano ina dzokuvaka masangano endangariro avanhu: Foster ethos mutsika dzeruwa mutsika dzezvikoro. Ita kuti chiziviso chamatooso chiveriso chikuru nokuda kwavadzidzi vose. Rokunzvera munzanga kupfurikidza nokushandura zvibvumirano zvedzidzo.

Kubvisa mhinganidzo kukuvhota: Tsika dzinoita kuti kuvhota kuve nyore zvikuru kubatanidza kunyoresa kwokuzvidira kwomuvhoti, kufutunurwa kwapakuvamba, zvisarudzo zvokuvhota paposi, uye kuva nechokwadi chenzvimbo dzokuvhota kwakakwana munzanga dzose. Nokuda kwaavo vasina kuvhota mujaho yapurezidhendi 2020, kuita zvakakwirira kuizoguma kwaizowedzera bviro yavo yokuvhota mumasarudzo mangwana kwakanga kuri kudai vaifarira vavhoti (28%), kana vaigona kuvhota kupfurikidza neposi (18%), kana kuti nzvimbo dzokuvhotera dzakanga dziri pedyo nekwava vanoshanda kana kuti vararama 11%).

[ Basa rinotsigira kuvimbisana kwevagari vemo:[ Mitemo inopedza zvinenge dzidzo yevagari vomunyika uye inobhadhara nguva yokuzvipira kana kuti kuvhota ingabatsira nokukurudzira kuvimbisana upenyu hwehurumende. Vashandirwi vanogona kutsigira kutora rutivi nokupa nguva yokuvhota uye yokuzvipira.

Tchekinoloji nemugadziridzi:[[FLT: 1] Ruzivo rwokugadzirwa kwezvinhu runogona kuwedzera kuvimbisana muvhoti, zvikurukuru kana rwaiswa mumugariro wenzanga. Somuenzaniso, TurboVote Challenge inokurudzira makambani kunyoresa vashandi vavo navatengi kupfurikidza neTurboVote app, iyo inozivisa vavhoti pamusoro pemisi yokunyoresa, mazuva okusarudza, uye nzvimbo dzokuvhotera.

Nhamburiko dzokuvimbisana dzakabatanidzwa: kazhinji kazhinji zvikuru, kuvhota mari kunoenda kunhamburiko dzokupedzisira dzavazvipiri mukati mamakore esarudzo. Vazvipiri vakadaro "kupasa mu" kugogodza masuo mumavhiki pamberi perusarudzo. Nhamburiko dzakawanda dzinopfuuridzirwa dzinogona kubatanidza kuvhoterwa uye pakati pemiganhu mizhinji yasarudzo, uye kuita saizvozvo mumashoko akapoteredza zvishoma kupfuura mazuva okupedzisira echirongwa chapurezidhendi.

Kubatana Pakati Pechibvumirano Chekururamisira Kwenzanga

Nzanga dzedu nehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu zvinova zvakarurama zvikuru uye zvinoenzana apo vanhu vose ($_inobatanidza munhu mumwe nomumwe uye seboka) vanobatanidzwa ndokuita chiito. Chibvumirano cheCUBHA hachisati chichingova bedzi chokutora rutivi mumiitiro yedemokrasi; zvikurukuru chiri pamusoro pokusika nzanga yakarurama zvikuru uye inowirirana.

Kutaura Nezvemashandiro Anoita Zvinhu

Nancy Fraser anonyatsonzwisisa hurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu, kuva mugari wemo, uye kubatanidzwa kwevagari vemo mumativi ose enzanga. Mubasa rake rerondedzero yemitemo yenzanga, Fraser anotaura kuti kutora rutivi kwakaenzana kunobvira bedzi apo vanhu vose vane mukana wokubatanidzwa zvizere uye zvakaenzana mumasangano enzanga. Anotanga pfungwa yokuti vanhu vasunungurwe pakubatanidzwa kwezvibvumirano zvehurumende, izvo zvinoda kuti vanhu vasunungurwe panzvimbo dzinovapoteredza dzinovadzivisa. Vagari vemo vose vanofanira kuva nemikana yakaenzana yokuita mabasa ehurumende uye kuita zvisarudzo, uye mano okuumba mararamiro avo pamisika, mamiriro ezvinhu ehurumende, mamiriro ezvinhu ehurumende, uye zvivako zvehurumende.

Chivako ichi chinotibatsira kunzwisisa kuti kudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu kunoda zvinopfuura kuenzana kwepamutemo. Kuda kubatanidzwa nokushingaira uye kuva nechokuita chapachokwadi mumativi ose oupenyu hwevagari vemo. Kuwana kwakaenzana kunofanira kubatanidza mativi ezvamatongerwe enyika nevoruzhinji nemhaka yokuti zvinovimbisa kutora rutivi kwakaenzana mukuita zvisarudzo panhau pamusoro poupenyu hwavagari vemo. Mativi ose oupenyu hwavanhu – kuzivikanwa kwemavara akasiyana- siyana netsika, kugovera mari nokumirira kwezvemari namasangano ezvamatongerwe enyika echinzvimbo chakabatana chavanhu.

Kubatanidzwa Muviri Somugove Worukudzo Rukuru Nokuda Kwechinjo

Kuvimbisana kwechibvumirano chinoumba kuchinja kwakanaka munzanga. Apo vanhu vanotora rutivi nokushingaira mumuitiro wehurumende yeruzhinji ndokubatanidzwa nenzanga dzavo, vanobetsera kuumba nguva yavo yemberi iri nani. Kuvimbisana kweCBIVI kunopa vanhu simba rokuva vamiriri vechinjo, kufambidzanisa zvakanaka munzanga. Kupfurikidza nokukurukura nhau dzenzanga, kuvandudza mitemo, kusimudzira chinjo, kuvaka nzanga dzinotsigirwa, uye kukurudzira vamwe, kuvimbisana kwenzanga kunoparira muuyo unoparira kuva nani, kuenzana, uye kunopfuurira munguva yemberi.

Kuvimbisana kwechibvumirano chebic kunopa simba vanhu kuti vatsigire nokushingaira mukuita zvisarudzo, kutaura zvavanofunga, uye kutsigira kuvandudzika kwenzanga dzavo.

Kukurira Zvipingamupinyi Zvokubatanidzwa

Kunzwisisa uye kugadzirisa zvipingamupinyi izvi kunokosha pakuumba hurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu vose inodzivirira kodzero dzevanhu vose.

Zvipingamupinyi Zvinowanzotadzisa Kubatanidzwa

44% yavakuru veU.S. avo vanozvizivisa vamene sa "disnition" vakashuma kuti vangava nebviro huru yokupinda kana vakava nenguva ya21%), ine zvitendero zvakasimba pamusoro pechimwe chinhu (21%), kana kuti, zvikurukuru, vaiziva kuti kutora rutivi kwavo kwaizoita musiano (41%). Kupindura uku kunoratidza mhinganidzo huru dzinoverengeka:

  • Nhaka dzeNguva: rudungwe rwebasa, mitoro yemhuri, uye mimwe misengwa zvinogona kuita kuti kuve kwakaoma kutora rutivi mumibato yomunzvimbomo
  • Gara rekushanda: Vanhu vazhinji havana chokwadi kana kutora rutivi kwavo kuchaita chaizvoizvo musiyano
  • [[FT:0] Zivo yakasanozivikanwa: Kunzwisisa kusina kukwana mashandire anoita hurumende kana kuti nzira yokubatanidzwa nayo kunogona kuodza mwoyo kutora rutivi
  • Mhinganidzo dzemipimo:[[FT:1] mitemo yeVoter, nzvimbo dzinoganhurirwa dzokuvhota, maawa okuvhota akaganhurirwa, uye zvimwe zvibingamupinyi zvinotapura nenzira isingaenzaniswi nzanga dzakati
  • Mhinganidzo dzemari:[[FT:1] Vanhu vanowana mari shoma vangashaiwa pfuma yokutora nguva kubasa kana kuti kufamba kuti vatore rutivi mumibato yehurumende
  • Mhinganidzo dzomutauro: Vakurukuri vasiri French vangatambura kuwana mashoko uye kutora rutivi zvizere
  • Kuparadza: Nzanga dzakaderedzwa nenzira yakarongeka dzingava nechivimbo chiduku mumasangano uye kurovedzana zvishoma nebvumirano yehurumende

Mabasa Okuda Kuparadza

Kubatsira kunoita kuvimbisana kuti vanhu vagare vaine utano hwakanaka uye kuti vagare zvakanaka — uye kuratidza kuti vakavimbika kunzanga dzavo — nokukurudzira uye kukurudzira vanhu kuti vasaita zvinhu izvi.

Kuita kuvimbisana nzanga kwakananga kunoda kupedza nokuchenjera nzanga dzakaregeredzwa, kubvisa mhinganidzo dzokuvaka kukutora rutivi, kugovera zviwanikwa netsigiro nokuda kwokuvimbisana, uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti manzwi akasiyana - siyana anonzwiwa ndokukosheswa mumiitiro yokuita zvisarudzo. Masangano namasangano anofanira kushanda nokushingaira kuvaka chivimbo nenzanga dzakabviswa kana kuti dzakaderedzwa munhau.

Nguva Yemberi Yokupa Kodzero Nechibvumirano Chekodzero

Kurwisa kunoramba kuchiitwa kudzivirira uye kuwedzera kodzero dzokuvhota kunoratidza kuti kuvimbisana kwevagari vemo kuchiri kukosha kuti vachengetedze kodzero dzevanhu. Dare Repamusorosoro harisi dare rinopedzisa nyaya yacho.

Kunyengera Kunopfuurira Nenhamburiko Dzokuchinja

Mushure meShelby, masangano ekodzero dzokuvhota munyika yose akawedzera basa rawo kudenha mhinganidzo dzokuvhota, mitemo yokutsigira pamutemo yokufambira mberi, uye kusvasvavirira kunhau dzakare dzakare dzakapinzwa. Hurumende Infraformation Fund yakatanga Voting Rights Working Group, sangano re 11 risingabvumirwi nemitemo kudzivirira kodzero dzokuvhota dzevagari vepasi pano. Kubvira pakutanga, boka racho rakabatanidzwa munhau dzekodzero dzokuvhota.

Kuedza kusimbisa kodzero yokuvhota kunoitwa neJohn Lewis Voting Rights Advancement Act.

Basa Rokubatanidzwa Kuchibereka Kwakasimbiswa

Anenge makore 200 pashure penzvero dzaTocqueville, zvinoramba zviri zvechokwadi: hurumende inosarudzwa navanhu ine utano inoda songaniro dzavagari vemo nenzanga inoda kushanda pamwe chete nokuda kwezvakanaka zvakafanana. Nokuda kweichi chikonzero, nyanzvi zhinji dzezuva razvino uno dzinoitira hanya pamusoro pederero inooneka mubvumirano yavagari vemo. Kudzorwa kweidzi kunoda nhamburiko dzinopfuurira dzinobva kuvanhu vamwe navamwe, masangano, uye masangano.

Kuvimbisana kwechibvumirano hakuganhurirwi kusarudzo; kunobatanidza mhatsa huru yezviito zvakadai sokuzvipira, kutsigira nokuda kwechinjo dzemitemo, uye kutora rutivi mumigariro yenzanga. Nhau dzomunhu mumwe nomumwe, sezvadzinosimbisa utongi hwehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu pamwe chete ndokuita nzanga inoratidzira mipimo nezvishuvo zvavagari vemo vayo. Ngatigamuchirei kuvimbisana kwehurumende, iva vatori rutivi vanoshingaira mumiitiro yedu yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, uye shandira pamwe chete kuvaka zvimwe zvinojeka, zvinooneka, zvichibatanidza nzanga. Kupfurikidza nokuita kudaro, tinogona kuumba nguva yemberi apo inzwi romunhu ari wose rinonzwa, uye nhamburiko dzedu dzose dzinotungamirira kukunaka mangwana.

Matanho Anoshanda Okubatanidzwa

Kunzwisisa kukosha kwokuvimbisana kuvhota uye kuvimbisana kunoitwa nehurumende ibasa rokutanga chete.

Kunyoresa Nedzidzo

  • Cherechedza kunyoresa kwomuvhoti wako nguva dzose uye kugadziridza paunotama
  • Betsera vamwe kunyoresa kuti vavhote, zvikurukuru vavhoti vokutanga naavo vangatarisana nemhinganidzo
  • Dzidza nezvenguva inogumira kunyoreswa nevavhoti uye zvinodiwa munyika yako
  • Nzwisisa zvisarudzo zvako zvokuvhota, kubatanidza kuvhota kwokukurumidza, kuvhota kwausipo, uye kuvhota pafoni
  • Ziva kodzero dzako somuvhoti uye chokuita kana ukatarisana nezvinetso panzvero
  • Govera mashoko akarurama pamusoro pemitoo yokuvhota nenzanga yako

Kuramba Uchiziva uye Wakadzidza

  • Tevera mashoko omunzvimbomo, ehurumende, uye enyika anobva kumanyuko akavimbika
  • Vanoda kutsvakurudza uye kuronga zvirongwa zvokusarudza pamberi pesarudzo
  • Vanopinda mafirimu uye nharo
  • Dzidza nezvemashandiro anoita hurumende yose
  • Nzwisisa kuti mitemo inokanganisa sei vanhu, kunyanya mapoka ane misiyano
  • Kudziridza unyanzvi hwokuverenga nokunyora kuti uzive mashoko asiri iwo uye kuti une rusaruro
  • Verenga pfungwa dzakasiyana - siyana panyaya dzinokosha

Kubatanidzwa Munzanga

  • Pinda misangano yedare remuguta, misangano yechikoro, uye mamwe mapurogiramu ehurumende yomunharaunda
  • Iva nesonganiro dzenharaunda kana kuti mapoka enzanga
  • Kutora rutivi munhambo dzetsinhiro dzavose pamusoro pemiitiro nemirau zvinokarakadzwa
  • Zvipire nemasangano anoshanda panhau dzaune hanya nadzo
  • Tsigira mabhizimisi omunzvimbomo nezvirongwa zvenzanga
  • Rongai kana kuti muitewo chimwe chinhu muzviitiko zvinobatanidza vanhu
  • Kuvaka ukama nevavakidzani uye nhengo dzenzanga dzakasiyana - siyana

Kungwarira uye Kuita Zvinhu

  • Batanidza masangano okuvhota akaisa pfungwa pakodzero dzevanhu, kodzero dzokuvhota, kana kuti dzimwe nyaya dzinokosha kwauri
  • Taura nevamiririri vako vakasarudzwa nguva dzose pamusoro penhau dzine chokuita
  • Itawo zviito uye kuratidzira zvine rugare
  • Saini zvikumbiro zvokutsigira
  • Nyorera mupepeti mabhii kana kuti maop-ed nokuda kwezvinyorwa zvomunzvimbomo
  • Shandisa zvinobudisa mashoko kuti uzive nyaya dzinokosha
  • Vanoda kutsigirwa vanotsigira kodzero dzevanhu uye vanotora rutivi mune zvehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu
  • Teterera masangano anoshanda kuti adzivirire kodzero dzokuvhota uye kuwedzera kuvimbisana kunoitwa nehurumende

Kuvaka Unyanzvi Huviri Nezivo

  • Ita kosi kana kuti pinda mashopu ehurumende, uye nzanga
  • Kudziridza unyanzvi hwokutaura pachena, kugadzira zvinhu, uye kugadzirisa kusawirirana
  • Dzidza kuti ungaita sei kuti uongorore mashandiro anoita mitemo yacho uye kuti uongorore kuti inoita sei
  • Gadzirira kukurukurirana zvine ruremekedzo uye kukurukura nevanhu vane maonero akasiyana
  • Kuvimbisana kwehurumende kunoitwa nevechiduku
  • Kurukura vamwe vomunharaunda yako zivo yako nounyanzvi hwako

Zviwanikwa Zvokubatanidzwa Muchibvumirano Chokuberekana

Masangano akawanda nezviwanikwa zvinogona kukubatsira kuva anosarudzwa zvikuru nehurumende ndokutsigira kodzero dzokuvhota:

Mugumisiro: Kukosha Kunoramba Kuchingoitwa Kuchibatana

Nhau yekodzero dzokuvhota muAmerica inoratidza kuti kodzero dzevanhu hadzingovi dzakavimbiswa nokubatanidzwa kwavo mumutemo. Dzinofanira kudzivirirwa nokuchengetedzwa nokuvimbisana kwehurumende. Kubva pakurwisa kweCivil Rights Movement kusvika kudenho dzenguva ino dzokuvhota, nhau yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu yeAmerica ndeimwe yenhamburiko inopfuurira yokuwedzera kutora rutivi uye kuva nechokwadi chokuti manzwi ose anonzwiwa.

Kurumbidza kunoramba kuri chinhu chikuru chokutora rutivi kwehurumende yehurumende, kuchigovera vagari vemo simba rokusarudza vamiriri, mirairo inopesvedzera, uye kunoita kuti hurumende izvidavirire.

Nzanga huru dzine bvumirano yakasimba, yakasimba, yavose, inoshanda papfungwa uye mano emitezo yose yenzanga kuti dzive nechokwadi chezvakanaka zvakafanana uye kuti vose vave noutano hwakanaka nokubudirira.

Basa rokudzivirira kodzero dzevanhu nokuvhota uye kuvimbisana kunoitwa nehurumende, chizvarwa chimwe nechimwe chinofanira kuvandudza kuzvipira kwacho kwokuita basa rehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu uye kushanda kuti chibvise mhinganidzo dzinodzivisa kubatanidzwa kwakazara.

Sezvo tinotarisana nedenho dzapanguva imwe cheteyo dzokukuwedzera maruramiro okuvhota nokutora rutivi kwehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, zvidzidzo zvenhau zvinotiyeuchidza kuti fambiro mberi inobvira apo vanhu vanoungana mudariro rimwe chete.

Kana tikaramba tichiudzwa, tichiita zvisarudzo, uye tichishanda pamwe chete kuti tigadzirise kusaruramisira, tinogona kuumba hurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu vose.

Mubvunzo wacho hausi wokuti kuvimbisana kwehurumende kungaita kuti pave nekodzero dzevanhu here, kana kuti kukwanisa kutsigira kodzero dzevanhu kuine chokuita nehurumende inosarudzwa nevanhu kuchaita kuti mumwe nomumwe arambe aine simba, achiva nezvaanoda.