Sumo

Kunyora kunomirira chinhu chinokosha chokudzora kwehurumende yedemocracy, kuchigovera vagari vemo mutoo wakananga wokupesvedzera nhungamiro yorudzi rwavo, hurumende, uye nzanga. Inopfuura zvikuru mutoo wetsika(idzo mutoo mukuru umo vanhu vachashandurirwa muchiito chezvamatongerwe enyika. Uku kunzverwa kwakakura kunonzvera basa rakawanda rokuvhota mukuumba hurumende, kubva kunheyo dzehwaro dzemireza nokuzvidavirira kumiganhuro inoshanda uye zvinetso zvinorondedzera sarudzo dzazvino uno. Kupfurikidza nokunzwisisa kuti vhota rimwe nerimwe rinobetsera sei kudiro kurutivi rukurusa rwehurumende yehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu, vagari vemo vanogona kunzwisisa zviri nani simba ravo nomutoro mukuumba masangano avo anodzora upenyu hwavo.

Kukosha Kwokupa Mari

Kutsinhana ikodzero huru nebasa rehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu muhurumende inosarudzwa navanhu ipi neipi inoshanda. Inobatira senzira huru iyo vagariwo zvavo vanoshandisa nayo uchangamire pahurumende yavo. Apo vanhu vanosarudza, vanoita zvinopfuura kusarudza vanoda kusarudzwa(h) vanoita kuti gadziriro yose yokuzvitonga. Basa rokuvhota risimbise kuva pamutemo, rinovimbisa kuti manzwi akasiyana - siyana anonzwiwa, uye rinogovera mutoo une rugare wokutamisa simba.

Zvikonzero zvikuru zvinoverengeka zvinosimbisa chikonzero nei kuvhota kuchikosha:

Munzanga dzakasiyana - siyana, bhokisi reroti rinopa nzvimbo inogarwa umo kurwisana kunopedzwa nokufunga panzvimbo pokumanikidza.

Muitiro Wokutakurika

Kunzwisisa matanho aya kunokosha kuti pave nechokwadi chokuti kubatanidzwa nokuvimba negadziriro yacho. Izvi zvinowanzobatanidza kunyoresa, kupinda, kuvhota, uye kuverenga.

Kunyoresa Nemari

Vagari vemo vasati vavhota, vanofanira kunyoresa, muitiro unobvumikisa kuti idivi rekunyoresa (basa, kuva mugari wemo, kugara). MuUnited States, zvinodikanwa zvokunyoresa zvinosiyana nehurumende; vamwe vanobvumira kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chetero apo vamwe vanoda kupedzwa kwamavhiki pamberi poMusi wokuvhota. Mukuwirirana neU.S. Evolution Confictal Commission, inenge mumwe muvana vakakodzera vana akanyoresa kunyoresa kwechinyakare, uko kunogona kuvadzivisa kunyoresa blot ([[FLT: 0]] COUS COM - Offcif Office - Offrective Sitence Office [).

Nzira Dzokukurukurira Nadzo Mashoko

Nhasi vanhu vanogadzira mari vane nzira dzakasiyana - siyana dzokukanda nadzo mapepa avo:

  • [ Kuvhota paZuva reSarudzo: Mutoo wegamuchidzanwa, uchiri kushandiswa nevoruzhinji vavavhoti. Kunoda kuenda kunzvimbo inovhotera yakasarudzwa uye kugovera zivikanwo.
  • [ Kuvhota kwapakuvamba: Hurumende dzakawanda dzinopa kuvhota pakuvamba mumunhu panzvimbo dzakasarudzwa, kuderedza mitsetse uye kuparadzira muvhoti kwamazuva kana kuti mavhiki.
  • Kuvhota kwaMail kana kuti kusipo: MaBallot anotumirwa kuvavhoti vanoadzosera nepositi kana kuti kupfurikidza namabhokisi akachengeteka anodonhedza. Uyu mutoo wazova wakakurumbira zvikuru, zvikurukuru pashure pesarudzo 2020, kunyange zvazvo wakatarisana nokunzverwa kukuru pamusoro pechengeteko nokuwana.

Kugadzira Nokuchengeta Mabhora

Mabhaloti anopa vadaviri nokuda kwemahofisi akasiyana- siyana(pasternt, gavhuna, vaiti vemitemo, vatongi(sanonge nhano dzokutanga dzecollet kana kuti macollem). Varoti vakagadzirwa nourombo vanogona kuvhiringidza vavhoti ndokutungamirira kuva vedzero kana kuti mabhora akashata. “vatongi vemari inopfuvura ," muvhoti yapurezidhendi ya2000 yeFlorida’s Florida muenzaniso wakajeka wokupesvedzera sei miuyo. Marobhoti emagetsi neoreki dzemazuva ano anogona kudzosa zvikanganiso, asi mapepa anorambira mupimo wemipimo wemipikichairi nokurondedzera.

Kuverenga uye Kunyora Tsamba

Pashure pokunge nzvero dzapera, vakuru vakuru vesarudzo vanoverenga mavhotaro ($8) pausiku hwesarudzo nourefu hwokutanga, zvichiteverwa nenhamba dzehurumende dzinobatanidza kushaikwa kwezvirongwa. Chibvumikiso inhano yokupedzisira, umo hurumende kana kuti mapuranga omunzvimbomo anosimbisa miuyo. Kujeka mukati meiyi nhambo kunokosha nokuda kwechivimbo chavose; zviremera zvizhinji zvino zvino zvino zvino itisa nzvero dzepashure pemichina kunzvera zviverengero zvemichina.

Kutsigira Hurumende

Kuvhota hakugumi apo kuvhota kunopera; tapuro dzakwo dzinopinda muuriri huri hwose hwehurumende.Ecotions dzinoumba kuumbwa kwehurumende, dzinogadza zvinhu zvinokosha zvemiitiro, uye dzinopesvedzera kurongwa kwenguva refu kwenzanga nokwemari.

Zvisarudzo Zvemitemo

Vakuru vakuru vanoziviswa nenzira isingadzivisiki vanogamuchira zvisarudzo zvavavhoti, asi mwero wokudavidza unorevererwa kupfurikidza nokuvhota. Nzvero inoratidza kuti apo muvhoti akakwirira pakati pamapoka anowanwa zvakaderera, hurumende dzinogamuchira mitemo yakawanda inosimudzira. Nenzira inopesana, apo vatori vemasangano vanotsigira vagari vemo vakapfuma, miraudzo inowanzoda kufarira zvivhozhokeri zvapamusoro. Somuenzaniso, kunzvera kwehurumende neBroking Institution kwawana tsinhirano yakanaka pakati pevhoteravhotera uye rupo rwemibato yekoshenzi (]] miraudzo yemitengo yemitengo yemitengo.

Zvinhu Zvinotanga Kupiwa Mutemo

Miuyo yeSarudzo inosarudza kwete bedzi kuti ndiani ane nzvimbo, asi inhaui dzinowana utanhamari. Chinjo mukudzora kwevatongi inogona kudzosera ngwariro kubva, kutaura, kudivi repfuma kukuderedza mitero, kana kuti kubva kumirairo yemhoteredzo kuenda kukuzvimirira. Kuumbwa kwamatare, masimba anotarisira, uye chiremera chomukuru mukuru zvose zvinotsamira pamiuyo inosarudzwa. Mumiuyo yapurezidhendi, uzhinji hwehurumende yakakamukanana mukubatana nokudzora kwakabatana zvinopesvedzera mwero nemutemo wemitemo.

Kuchinja Kwenzanga

Masangano enhau ekodzero dzavanhu, kukwikwidza kwavakadzi, uye kuenzana kweroorano zvakasvitsa nharidzano dzavo kupfurikidza nemubatanidzwa wezviito zvemiitiro yetsika nedzvinyiriro yokusarudza. Kunyora kunogovera mutoo wokuita fambiro mberi yenzanga. Apo chiverengero chakakwana chavavhoti vanotsigira ruramisiro youtsotsi hunotsigira, somuenzaniso, mitemo mitsva pamusoro pokutonga, mapurisa, uye kudzorwa zvinogona kutangwa.

Kubatanidzwa Kwezvamatongerwe Enyika Nokutenda

Muvhoti mukuru anowanzosimudzira kuvimbisana zvikuru. Vanhu vanovhota vane bviro huru yokukurukura matongerwe enyika, kutevera nhau, uye kutora rutivi mumibato yenzanga. Iri denderedzwa rakanaka rinosimbisa tsika yedemokratiki. Nenzira inopesana, kuvhota kwakaderera kunogona kutungamirira kukuodzwa mwoyo nokukuderera kwechivimbo mumasangano. Center for American Progress. Concenter of American Regres inodudzawo nemuvhoti wakaderera zvikuru unoratidza mwero wakakwirira wekusadarikakavara kwezvamatongerwe enyika (] Mutambira weAmerican Progres – Democracy and Voting Accestion[FLD]]).

Zvipingamupinyi Zvokuparadzira

Pasinei zvapo noukoshi hwokutora rutivi, vavhoti vazhinji vakakodzera vanotarisana nemhinganidzo dzinodzvinyirira kubuda, dzinobvisa nenzira ine nhevedzano mapoka akati, kana kuti dzinobvisa chivimbo muperero yesarudzo.

◯ Kushandisa Mitemo

Dzinopfuura nyika 30 dzakagadza mitemo inovhota yakakomba. Nepo vatsigiri vachidzivisa utsotsi. Kuvhota nguva dzose kunowana kuti muvhoti haawanzowaniki. Chinzwano cheWomen Voters chinofungidzira kuti iyi mitemo inotapura nenzira isingaenzaniswi vavhoti veruvara, vanhu vakwegura, uye vanhu vane mari shomanene, avo vasingawanzovi nezvimiro zvinodikanwa zveID. Kutapura pakuvhota kunogona kuva kwakatanhamara; somuenzaniso, chisarudzo cha2013 Centrence County muShelby County v. Raker akabvumira masangano ane nhau etsika dzokuvhotera kuti achichinja mitemo yokuvhota pasina kujeka kutangira kujeka, kuchitungamirira kukuwedzera kwezvinodikanwa munyika dzokumaodzanyemba dzinoverengeka.

Nhau Dzokuwana

Kuwanikwa kwekodzero kunoramba kuri basa rakaoma kune vakawanda. Kushambadza nzvimbo dzinowanzoshaiwa magudza, misuo mitete, kana kuti dziri muzvivako zvisina masaini akakwana kuvavhoti vakakuvadzwa nemaziso. Mitemo yemitauro inorambawo ichienderera mberi: Dare reKomoni rinoda kubatsirwa kwomutauro mune dzimwe nyika, asi kuteererwa hakuchinji. Kuwedzera, vavhoti vanoshanda mabasa akawanda kana kuti kushaya zvokufambisa vangawana zvakaoma kusvika kunzvimbo yokuvhotera mukati memaawa akaganhurirwa. National Disability Reation Network Tervicesss Restworcesworder dzinowedzera nzira dzinodatemuka, kubatanidza kuvhotairwa kweRokivti yehootai rehoota.

Kusazivisa uye Kusaziva

Kupararira kwamashoko enhema pamusoro povhota. Kwakadai semisi isina kururama, kutaura kwokunyepedzera, kana kuti runyerekupe pamusoro pokuchinja nokudzivisa kuvhota. Zviteshi zvenzanga zvemagariro avanhu zvazova nzvimbo dzokuberekera nokuda kwokubvisa mashoko, pane dzimwe nguva dzinowedzerwa navatambi vokumwe vanotsvaka kushatisa kusawirirana. Nemhaka yokuti vavhoti kazhinji kazhinji vanogoverana kutaura kusina kujeka mukati memachisocial, kururamisa nhema kunoda nhamburiko dzinoshanda kuvakuru vakuru vesarudzo, mapurogiramu okugona kunyora namabasa okugadzira nokunyora nokunyora mashoko. Cybersecurity neInfracure Security Agement Agency (CA) inogovera zviwiro zvokubvisa marusarusarudzo ([FLT:][FGU.]

Zvinetso Zvokunyoresa

Miitiro yokunyoresa yakakomba yakadai semisiano yokunyoresa yapakuvamba, zvinodikanwa zvakaganhurirwa zvokuvandudza kero, uye kubviswa kwamarobhoti ne(can digist) inobvisa mamirioni. American Civil Liberéries Union (ACLU) yakanyora zvinoitika zvakawanda umo vavhoti vakakodzera vakabviswa munhevedzano nemhaka yezvikanganiso zvavafundisi kana kuti maarusaiti akashata. Kunyoresa kwezuva rimwe chete uye kunyoresa kwokuvhota kwoga zvakaratidzwa kuwedzera nokuwedzera ne 5 kusvikira kumapfundo 10 percentes mumashoko ayo akavagamuchira.

Kupesana Kunozivikanwa

VaAmerica vanenge mamiriyoni 4,6 vane zvitendero zvenhema havagoni kuvhota nemhaka yemitemo inoganhurira maruramiro okuvhota kwamakore kana kuti kunyange kusingagumi pashure pokusunungurwa. Ikoku nenzira isingaenzaniswi kunotapura nzanga dzeAfrica, idzo dzinoiswa mujeri pamwero wakakwirira. Chinjo dzemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi munyika dzakadai seFlorida neCalifornia dzakadzorera maruramiro kuvazhinji, asi basa remitemo rinoparira nyongano nemhinganidzo dzinopfuurira.

Basa Redzidzo Mukuwanisa Mari

Dzidzo yehurumende ine utano hwakanaka uye mirayiridzo yenzanga yakajairika — zvinopa vagari vemo ruzivo rwokuvhota uye kuita zvisarudzo zvine musoro.

Dzidzo Yemichero

Inenge hafu bedzi yenyika dzeUnited States dzinoda gore rakazara redzidzo yavagari vemo. Vadzidzi vanodzidza pamusoro pamapazu matatu ehurumende, nhau yekodzero dzokuvhota, uye nzira yokunyoresa nayo vane bviro zvikuru yokuvhota savakuru. Sangano dzakafanana neiCbics, dzakavambwa neyaichimbova Mutongi weDare Gurusa reSangano Sandra Day O’Connor, vanogovera zvinhu zvokudzidza zvapachena izvo zvinoratidzira miitiro yemitemo nemitemo, vachisimudzira kuvimbisana kukuru. Ufakazi kubva kuCent Center for Information & Cviclic Leart and Civicementmentmentment (CIRCIREmentmentment) hunoratidza kuti vanhu vaduku vanogamuchira dzidzo yezvikodzero zvikuru yehurumende inoenzeka zvikuru vanogamuchira muvhotiko yokutanga.

Zviwanikwa Nemashoko

Mashoko anowanika, asingabhadharwi pamusoro pevanoda kuvhota, mipimo, uye kuvhota zvinopa simba vagari vemo. Mawebsite akadai seVote.org neCaniVote org anogovera udzame hwokunyoresa, kunzvera nzvimbo dzinonzi korati, uye kuedzesera vasarudzo. Mahofisi mazhinji emunzvimbomo anogamuchira anoshandisawo maturusi epaIndaneti nezvinopisa kuti apindure mibvunzo. Munzanga dzinovimbwa, mareko akadai seraibhurari, machechi, uye nzvimbo dzomunzanga anoita basa rinokosha mukuparadzira mashoko akarurama.

Kubatanidzwa Munzanga

Voter inowedzera apo vavakidzani vanotaura kuvavakidzani. Nzvero dzinobva kuYale Institute for Social and Policy Studies dzinoratidzira kuti chiso chinotarisana nokudzorwa uye kunyange kugadzirwa zvakanaka kweposita zvinogona kumutsa mativi anoverengeka ezvikamu. Masangano ayo anotora nzvimbo dzenzvimbo, wachi dzekurukurirano, kana kuti mashopu anosimudzirwa anobetsera vavhoti kuti vabatanidze purogiramu yedemokrati kuupenyu hwavo hwezuva nezuva. Ichi rutivi rwenzanga rwokuvhota runosimbisa pfungwa yokuti kutora rutivi hachisi chiito chomunhu oga oga asi mutoro weboka.

Kufunga Kunonetsa uye Kuverenga Nokunyora

Dzidzo yokuverenga nokunyora zvinonyorwa zvinodzidziswa mumabhuku inodzidzisa kuziva kuti munhu angaziva sei kusarurana, kuongorora kwaanoita, uye kusiyanisa mashoko echokwadi nemazano. Zvikoro zvapamusoro uye mayunivhesiti zvinowedzera kubatanidza kudzidza nezvemadhigirii muzvikoro. Uyezve, projekiti dzinoongorora masangano akadai sePolitifact neCheck.org kuti ape maturusi okuongorora mashoko anenge ataurwa mumakwi.

Kutendeuka Kwamashoko Nerevo Yako

Voter avhotanurojejejeti iri percentage yevagari vemo vakakodzera vanokanda mabhora ari pasi ne50% mu2020. Sarudzo yenzvimbo dzinosarudzwa nehurumende yehurumende yeruzhinji. Muzana remakore rapfuura, kuvhota kwakabva pasi pe50% muna 1924 kusvika ku6% muna 2020. Sarudzo dzemitemotevedzo dzinowana vanhu vashoma zvikuru, zvikurukuru 40% kusvika ku50%. Sarudzo yomunzvimbomo ine tapuro yakananga zvikurusa paupenyu hwezuva nezuva (mabhodhi rechikoro, mabhini emakurukota eguta, mabhii anogarobhuro, mabhii eguta), kazhinji karobhoti anoona pasi pe20%.

Kutsakatika kwevaduku ichinetso nemhaka yokuti vakuru vakuru vakasarudzwa vanogamuchira zvikuru vavhoti kupfuura vasiri vavo. Apo kutora rutivi kunovhiringidzwa kuvagari vemo vakura, vakapfuma, vachena, muitiro wavanhu vose unoda kuratidzira zvokutanga zvavo, nepo zvinodikanwa zvavaduku, varombo, uye vanhu vakasiana----nje zvichifuratirwa. Kurega kunoda kutaura nezvezvose zviri zviviri mhinganidzo dzenzvimbo nemhosho. Kunyoresa kwezvirongwa zvevota, mazororo evhoti, uye kuvhotera kwakawedzerwa kuvhotera kwakaratidzwa kuva kunowedzerwa kutora rutivi. Munguva ino, zvirongwa zvinosimbisa nhau huru dzevaeni vemafashoni vemafaisi vehurumende vechimbi - ravanoshambadza vanogonawo kukurudzira vatori vatori vatsva.

Nyika dzinovhota nokumanikidza, kufanana neAustralia neBelgium, dzinogara dzichiwana mwero wokuvhota inopfuura 85%.

Zvinetso Zvamazuva Ano uye Kuchinja Zvinhu

Kunzwisisa nhau idzi kunokosha kuti pave nechokwadi chokuti kuvhota kunoramba kuchiwanika, kwakachengeteka, uye kwakavimbika, kunoumbwa nokuchinja kweruzivo rwokugadzira zvinhu, makwikwi epamutemo, uye kudiwa nevanhu.

Ruzivo Rwokugadzira Zvinhu Nechengeteko

Michina yokuvhota yemagetsi yave ichishandiswa kwamakumi amakore, asi funganyo pamusoro pokucheka nokunyora makombiyuta yakaparira kudzokera kupepa repepa munyika dzakawanda. Garada repepa rinoita kuti vaongorori vagone kunzvera nokurondedzera, richigovera chinyorwa chokuenzanisira chinogona kuongororwa mukurwisana nerefiredhicture. Nyanzvi dzeCybersecurity dzinosimbisa kuti hapana gadziriro isingadzoreki chose chose chose, asi dziviriro dzinonangiswa dzinobatanidzwa necherekedzo dzepepa dzinobatanidza kunzvera, pashure pokunyora kunzvera kwechibvumirano, uye kupfuudzira kwakachengeteka kwemiuyo. Econficureal Relation Relation and Anctificience Center (IAC) inobetsera vakuru vakuru vehurumende dzomunzvimbomo kutyisidzira tyisidzirore.

Kudzvinyirirwa Nemagetsi Kunopesana Nokuwana

Mumakore achangobva kupfuura aya, mitemo inoganhurira kusvika pavhoti yakapfuudzwa munyika dzakawanda, kazhinji kazhinji inoruramiswa nokutya kubiridzira.Vatsoropodzi vanopikisa idzi nhano rudzi rwokudzvinyirira vavhoti kuti vanoremedza zvikuru nzanga duku. Zvisingataurwi, hurumende dzinoverengeka dzakawedzera kusvika kupfurikidza nokunyoresa kwepaIndaneti, kunyoresa kwokuzvidira, uye kusaisa kuvhota kwemubatanidzwa. Hondo pakati peganhuriro newedzero ichapfuurira, pamwero yokupfuudzira pamitengo yehurumende nehurumende inoumba mitemo yechisarudzo chomunguva yemberi.

Kuchinja Kuri Kuitika

Kuchinja kwakataurwa kuti kusimbise hurumende dzinosarudzwa nevanhu kunosanganisira:

  • Kuvhota: Kubvumira vavhoti kuti vapindure; kana pasina mutsigiri anosvika voruzhinji, mudaviriri akaderera zvikuru anobviswa uye anovhota anoparadzirwa. Ikoku kunogona kuderedza nhimbe yakaipa uye kunovimbisa vakundi kuva netsigiro huru.
  • Mabasa okudzosera mativi akaoma: akagadzirirwa kurwisa kudzongonyedza kupfurikidza nokutora mepu inobvisa simba kubva kuvaiti vemitemo.
  • [[[FLT: 0] Nhimbe yokutsigira mari:[[FLT: 1] Kuenzanisa mipiro miduku nemari yavose kuderedza pesvedzero yavapi vakawanda nePACIS.
  • vhoti yakakurumbira yenyika: Chibvumirano chenyika chaizogamuchira vhoti dzinosarudzwa kumukundi wevhoti yakakurumbira yenyika imwe chete yakakwana inokumbanira.

Chinjo imwe neimwe inotarisana nemhinganidzo dzezvamatongerwe enyika, asi vatsigiri vanopikisa kuti vanogona kuwedzera kuvimbisana nomuvhoti nechivimbo.

mhedziso

Kutsinhanisa ndicho chishandiso chine simba zvikurusa chine vagari vemo kuti vaumbe hurumende yavo. Kusarudza kuti ndiani anonyora mitemo, anoronga mari, uye anodudzira ruramisiro. Zvisinei, chipikirwa chehurumende inosarudzwa navanhu vose vakakodzera chinongozadzika bedzi apo vavhoti vanogona kutora rutivi vakasununguka uye zvakaenzana. Mhinganidzo dzinoramba dziripo kubva pamitemo inoganhurira kudisisa dzidzo isina kukwana nemugadziridzo. Nokuwedzera kusvika kwadzo, kuvandudza dzidzo yevagari vemo, uye kuvandudza kuvandudza ruzivo rwezvigadzirwa nemabasa okugadzirwa kwezvinhu izvo zvinowedzera chengeteko pasina kudzvinyirira, nzanga dzinogona kuswedera pedyo pedyo nezvinodiwa nehurumende zvechokwadi. Sarudzo iri mukana wokusimbisa nheyo yenheyo inogamuchirwa nechiremera chinodzorwa. Mupfungwa iyoyo, kuvhotera hakungoiwiri kuumbwa nehurumende.