Bill of Rights, yakasimbiswa muna 1791, inomira sechiyeuchidzo kupanikiro chaVababa Vane Simba rapakati. Kugadziriswa kwayo kwokutanga gumi kwakagadzirirwa kudzivirira vanhu pakunyengera kwehurumende, kuvimbisa rusununguko rwokutaura, rudzidziso, uye kutsikirira, parutivi rwedziviriro dzapamutemo nokuda kwevanopomerwa. Kweri zana ramakore, idzi dziviriro dzakanzwisiswa zvikuru nerefuremudzo dzechigadziko. Kukura kwekodzero idzi kunobatanidza vapoteri, zvikurukuru vatsvaki vapazati uye vachengeteki, vanova vanoramba vakamira chose chose chose mumutauro weKirence Remend Reformation, inotenderwa muna 1868. Chiteshipiso che 1450 hachinoganhuri ganhuri kuvimbiso chadzo dzadzo dzarwo rwarwo rwechinenge chakafanira uye dziviriro ku "chinyakarezi". Chinobatira kumunhu pakati porumbiso rweUnited States, shoko rimwe rinobatira nounengwe seridzorongerisonero.

Kunzi Munhu Webumbiro remitemo: Nzira Yokudzivirira Nayo Asylmu

Dare Rapamusoro rakaramba richiti Bill of Rights uye Commun War Amendments zvinodzivirira vanhu vose vari muUnited States, pasinei zvapo nenzvimbo yavo yokutama.Iyi nheyo, inozivikanwa sebumbiro remitemo, ndiyo inobvumira vapoteri vanotiza chitambudzo kukumbira maruramiro makuru mamwe chetewo savagari vemo. Pasina iyi nheyo inodudzira, miitiro yechengetedzo yaizoshaiwa chitsigiso chebumbiro remitemo, ichisiya dziviriro chose chose chose chose kuchidiwa nehurumende uye kuzvisarudzira kwechiremera choukuru.

Fiji Yechigumi Negumi Nechiito Chouori che “Person”

Mhaka yapakuvambasasaidzo inosimbisa iyi dzidziso YYY [1886]. Munhau ino, Dare Rapamusoro rakarova San Francisco mutemo uyo wakashandiswa nenzira isingazivikanwi navashandisi vemaChina. Dare rakavamba kuti dziviriro dzeIndaneti dzakafanira kunzi "hadzi dzakaganhurirwa kudziviriro yavagari vemo vemo. [Idzo hadzina kuganhurirwa kukuvadzivisirwa kuvagari vemo vemo.] Vanoshandisa kuvanhu vose, pasinei zvapo ne "race, ruvara, kana kuti rudzi," uye "dziviriro yakaenzana yemitemo ivimbiko yemitemo yakaenzana nemitemo inosimbiswa.... Chisarudzo ichi chakasimbiswa kuti chisati chiri pamutemo chiverevone dziviriro kupfurikidza nemitemo yapamutemo nokuda kwavabereki. Chipo chakagona kubvumira pamutemo kubetsera kudzivirira mamiriro ezvinhu ose avanhu. Pane apo , munenge kuti vanhu vashatsaikire muboka. [FF]

Mutezo Wokutanga: Kurondedzera Nheyo Dzechitambudzo

First Amendment yedziviriro yorudzidziso, kutaura, kubudisa nhau, kuungana, uye chikumbiro zvakarovererwa zvakananga murondedzero yomutemo yemitemo yevapoteri. U.S., inowirirana neUnited Nations Refugeence Convention, inopa dziviriro kuvanhu vasingakwanisi kana kuti vasingadi kudzokera kunyika yavo nemhaka yechitambudzo chomunguva yakapfuura kana kuti kutya kwakavakwa zvikuru kwechitambudzo "nemhaka yorudzi, rudzidziso, rudzi, mitezo iri muboka rakati renzanga, kana kuti murangariro wezvamatongerwe enyika." Gadziriro Yokutanga inozivisa kudzorwa kweizvi zvinodavimbwa. Murindiri anofanira kuratidzira kuti murangariro wavo wezvamatongerwe enyika nemhaka yokutambudzwa kana kuti kuratidzirwa nemushorirwo wenguva yemberi. Nenzira yakafanana, kunoda kutsigira kudzivirira kutenda kworudzidziso kuti kuve kutyisidzirwa kwavo uye kutyisidzirwa kwavo.

Kugadziridzwa Kwechishanu: Kuzvibata Mutsika Mukurambana

The The Baw Procession Clausse of the Findth Amendment ndiyo dziviriro inokumbirwa zvikurusa yebumbiro remitemo mumashoko outiziro. Inoraira kuti hakuna munhu acha "zonzi asurukirwe woupenyu, rusununguko, kana kuti chinhu, pasina muitiro wakafanira womutemo." Kudzokororwa, nepo kuri mumugariro wavanhu, kunogona kuguma nokushaiwa kwakakomba zvikurusa rusununguko(hnction) munyika uye, muzvimwe zviitiko, kuchengetwa kusingachinjiki. Dare rapamusoro rakaramba richirangarira kuti izvi zvinoitika zvinofanira kuva zvakaisvonaka.

Mutongo weiyi dziviriro inhau ye Zadvydas v. Davis (2001). Muchisarudzo ichi, Dare rakataura kusungwa kwevasiri vagari avo vakanga varairwa kubviswa asi vaisagona kudzingwa (kazhinji nemhaka yokuti nyika yavo yaisazozvigamuchira). Hurumende yakaisimbisa kuva nesimba rokudzivisa ava vanhu nokusingaperi. Dare Rapamusoro rakaramba, richidudzira Immigration neNational Act kuti vabvumire kusungwa kwenhambo ine mufungo bedzi. Cruciat, Dare rinodudzwa pamusoro penhau yakakomba pasi peRendement, richiva nemhesvo remitemo yakakomba muRemendementation, risingabvumirwi nemupi wemitemo inodzo inodzo inodzorwa kupfurikidza nemutongo. Kunyange zvazvo pasina murairo wakarurama, hakugoni kutsigira murairo unobvumira kupfurikidza nemutongo.

Mabasa Etsika Akavakwa Patsoka Dzebumbiro Remitemo

Nepo Bill of Rights ichigovera uriri hwebumbiro remitemo, dziviriro chaidzo dzapamutemo nokuda kwavapoteri navatsvaki voutiziro dzinobatanidzwa mumutemo. iyi mitemo inodudzirwa kupfurikidza neredhisi reBumbiro reMitemo, uye matare anowanzorova kana kuti kuganhurira zviito zvechiremera zvinoputsa Gwaro Rakafanira kana kuti Dziviriro Yakaenzana yeMitemo yeChishanu neMitemo yeMine Miviri.

Muitiro Wevapoteri wa1980

Pamberi pa 1980, muitiro wavapoteri weUS wakanga uri wekwaidiwa hoc, kazhinji kazhinji uchipindura kunjodzi dzakati dzemagariro enhau serondedzero yeHungarian Revolution kana kuti kuwa kweSaigon. Chiteko chevapoteri cha1980 chakanga chiri chichinjiso chemitemo. Chakayera kugamuchirwa kwevapoteri ndokuita gadziriro yekorefu yazvino uno nokuda kwavanhu vakatova muUS kana kuti pachiteshi yokupinda. Chibvumirano chakagamuchirwa che UN Refudete Convention yevapoclation of ardentivent, chakavakirwa parutyo rwakavakirwa pasakanaka rwechitambudzo rwakabatanidzwa zvikuru nenzvimbo shanu dzinodzivirirwa. Chiratiso chinokosha zvikuru, chinoisa dziviriro kuupenyu hwavo kupfurikidza nokudzivirira [FLT:] dziviriro kupfurikidza nokudzorongedzero yomutemo wehurumende yavose pakati penyika yose. Pamuteveri payati pakaitwa nomutemo weSarvemose. Chikamu ichi chakawanikwa muChikamu 33, chinodzo chidzo chaano chavanhu chinodzongodzongodzorwa kumunhu chinobva chinoitwa kuti chisha chisha munhu kuti

Kutama uye Kugara Munyika Nevanhu uye Kufamba Kwemaasylum

Chikamu 208 cheImmignation and Nationality Act inodzora zvikumbiro zvehuvanze. Inoisa mutoro wechibvumikiso pamukwichikumbiro kuti vatange kuti vanosvitsa rondedzero yomupoteri. Bhishopu yekodzero dzinopesvedzera kuti idzi kukumbira kunodzorwa sei nechinodikanwa chorusarurano. Somuenzaniso, mukuru mukuru wevazheri kana mutongi wokubudisiswa kumusha anofanira kupa mukwidzi nomukana une revo wokutsanangura zvavanotaura.

INA inosanganisirawo mabhawa anoshandiswa kuti achengetedze vanhu kuti vasaputse mitemo yepamutemo.

  • Gore Rimwe reFilift Line: Zvikarakadzo kazhinji kazhinji zvinofanira kushandisira nokuda kweutiziro mukati megore rimwe rokuguma kwavo kusvika muUS. Zvisimboti zviripo nokuda kwemigariro yakachinjwa, asi iyi nhambo inogona kuva danda rinokosha. Matare akaitirana nharo kana kushandiswa kwakakomba kweiyi bar kuchiputsa muitiro wakafanira muzvinoitika zvakati.
  • Mhosva yakakomba zvikuru: Mukwidziri akawanwa ane mhaka ye "mhosva yakakomba zvikuru" inorambidzwa panzvimbo youtiziro. Tsananguro yeinonzi mhaka yakadaro itsime rapanguva dzose, inoda kudzikamiswa kwechengeteko yavose mungozi yechitambudzo.
  • Kutora nzvimbo: Kana mukumbiri akatowana dziviriro munyika yechitatu, kazhinji kazhinji haabvumirwi nokuda kwoutiziro hweUS. Ikoku kunovimbisa gadziriro inoshanda setava rekotsekano, kwete purojekita yokurongedza.

Kubatanidzwa kwemitemo iyi nevimbiso yebumbiro remitemo yemuitiro wakafanira kunoparira mhoteredzo yapamutemo yakaoma umo kodzero dzomunhu oga dzinofanira kurangarirwa mukurwisana nouchangamire hworudzi.

Mitambo Yenguva Ino, Kupindira Kwomutemo, uye Kuchinja - chinja Kwemitemo

Mumakore achangopfuura, kusawirirana kuri pakati penhamburiko dzebazi ravakuru vakuru dzokudzora kutama uye dziviriro dzinopiwa kuvagari vemo vasiri vagari kwazova nzvimbo yehondo huru. matare eFederal akabuda senzvero yokungwarira pamusoro pechiito chokutungamirira, kazhinji kazhinji achidudza Bill of Rights pakudzivisa mitemo inotsvaka kuganhurira kusvika kwokuvanda.

Kuzvidira, Kuchengeteka Kwenyika, uye Miganhu Yegadziriro Yakakodzera

Pashure pedenho dzaSeptember 11, kusungwa kwavanhu vasiri vagari kwakava chishandiso chine simba mumuitiro wechengeteko wenyika. Hurumende yakatsigira chiremera chikuru chokudzosa vanhu, kubatanidza vatsvaki venzvimbo yokupotera, mukati mokubvumirana kwezviito zvavo. Zvisinei, Findfrencement inodzika miganhu. Mupimo wokusungwa kwenguva refu unofanira kuiswa pakati pemunhu mumwe nomumwe, uye kusungwa kwenguva refu pasina kubatanidzwa kunofanira kumutsa itiro yakakomba yezvinetso. Dare rakatonga kuti nepo hurumende ine fariro yapamutemo mukuvimbisa kuoneka nokudzivirira nzanga, panofanira kuva ne "tsika ine mufungo" pakati penharidzano yakataurwa nemitoo yokusungwa. Vatsvaki vemifungo vanofanira kupiwa mukana wokukwikwikwidza kusungwa kwavo uye kuratidzira kuti havasi njodzi kana kuti i ngozi yokubhururuka.

Kutsunga Nokusarudza Chaikoiko

Kujeka ndicho chinhu chinokosha zvikuru munhau dzakawanda dzenzvimbo yapachata. . . . . . mutemo unobvumira vatongi kuva nedavidzo yakashata inowanwa pa "miganhu yemigariro," kureva kunyange kusawirirana kuduku muuchapupu, kungaparadza kutaura kusingatendeke. Ikoku kunoisa dzvinyiriro huru kuvatsvaki venzvimbo yechengeteko avo vangave vakatambura nhamo, vane chinetso nemisi, kana kuti vanopupurira kupfurikidza navaturikiri. Nepo ID REAL Act iri mutemo, kushandiswa kwayo kunodzorwa neFind Amendmend. Mutongi haagoni kuita kuti kuzivikanwa kutendeka kusingafungidziki. Hwaro hwokuzvidza mukwidzi kunofanira kuva hwakasimba uye hwakafanira.

Kuita Nevatungamiriri uye Kurega Kutonga

Bazu ravakuru rine rusununguko rukuru mukushandisa mitemo yokutama, asi apo mitemo inoramba nenzira inobudirira vatsvaki voutiziro kodzero yavo kumuitiro wakafanira, matare anopindira. Mitemo miviri mikuru yemisi ichangobva kupfuura iyi inosimbisa uku simba:

  • Migigistant Protocos (MPP): inozivikanwa semuitiro we"Read in Mexico", MPP yakadzosera vatsvaki venzvimbo yenzvimbo yekorefu kuMexico kumirira dare ravo reUnited States. Vamiri vakataura kuti MPP yakaputsa Gadziriro yeFindmho kupfurikidza nokufumura vatsvaki venzvimbo yechengeteko kuti vave nechisimba chakanyanyisa, vasingagoni kuwana zano, uye vairamba mukana une revo wokupa zvavanotaura. Dare rapamusoro rakabvumira vadzori vaBhiden kugumisa purogiramu, nematare akaderera achivawanira zvikanganiso zvakakomba mukuita.
  • [[FLT: 0] Tit 42 Exploppers: Ichikumbira mutemo woutano wavose wa1944, CDC yakaraira kudzingwa kwavatami mukati medenda reCHOVAD pasina kuvabvumira kutsvaka dziviriro. Nepo yakagadzirwa sechiyero choutano, vatsoropodzi vakaipikisa kuva mugumo weINA neMutemo wevapoteri. Kubviswa kwekodzero dzomutemo kwekodzero dzokutsvaka utiziro kwakamutsa mibvunzo huru pamusoro pesimba rebumbiro remitemo rehurumende rokumisa maruramiro emitemo pasina ruramisiro yavose youtano. Mugumo weSangano reSangano reSangano reUnivhinzi yakaunza mugumo kumuitiro, asi kuratidzira kudzivirira kwemitemo yebumbiro remitemo.

Kudzivirirwa kwa Claus Kwakaenzana Nokurambidzwa Kwokufamba

Chikamu Chinowirirana cheNhevedzo yeChirambidzo cheChibvumirano cheChirevo cheFindth Amendment’s Accolaske (yakapinzwazve mukurwisana nehurumende) chinorambidza rusaruro pahwaro hwedzinza, rudzidziso, kana kuti mavambo orudzi muchiito chehurumende. Iyi nheyo yakanga iri pakati pedenho dzapamutemo kuTrump. Mu [[FLL:0]] Trump v. Hawaii [[FLL:1]] [208]), Dare rapamusoro rakatsigira Purezidhenti Proclation, 9645, iro rakaganhurira kupinda munyika dzakawanda dzechiMuslim. Dare rakashandisa muedzo une mufungo, kuwana chiziviso chakavakirwa panhau yapamutemo panzvimbo panzvimbo pokuva nokusarura ruramisiro kwapamutemo. Zvisinei, sokusasarura ruramisiro ruramisiro, semapoka mazhinji mazhinji ehurumende, kurava mashoko mumiitiro yemiitiro yenhau inorevo, uye kupfuudzira murairo wenhau inopfupikisa mutemo wemitemo.

Bhuku Rekodzero Sedziviriro Mupenyu

Bill of Rights yakanga iri chishandiso chorusununguko nokuda kwenyika itsva. Kupfurikidza nomutauro weKineth Amendment, yakachinja kuva nhovo yavanhu vane ngozi zvikurusa venyika. Kodzero dzokutaura, dzokunamata, kusununguka muusungwa, uye kugamuchira kuteererwa hakuna mufungo nokuda kwevapoteri navatsvaki venzvimbo yokuvanda. Iwo majekiseni apamutemo anotema kana munhu awana chengeteko kana kuti adzorerwa kungozi. Mutendi weMitemo hauvimbisi kuti maruramiro ose okuzvidzora achapiwa, asi unovimbisa kuti munhu mumwe nomumwe achabatwa se "per" ane kodzero yedziviriro yomutemo. Kutapukudzo yehurumende yorudzi, muganhu, muganhu, uye kodzero yomunhu oga oga oga injini yekubuda munyika yechinyakare. Rugwaro rwunokosha rwemwoyo runovimbisa maruramiro ekodzero dza Bill, runochengetedzwa norusununguko rwepamutemo rwevapoteri muUnited States.